NAMA : Ceri Lee

NRP :91030222002

BIOREDICAL ETCHIS
Nursing science includes basic sciences (natural, social, behavioral), biomedical
science, public health science, basic nursing science, community nursing science, and
clinical nursing science, the application of which uses approaches and methods to
solve problems scientifically, aimed at maintain, sustain, maintain and enhance the
integrity of all basic human needs. Insight into nursing science includes sciences that
study the form and causes of unfulfilled basic human needs, through a fundamental
study of the background matters, as well as studying how to achieve these basic needs,
through the use of all existing and potential sources. The phenomenon that is the
object of study in nursing science is deviation or non-fulfillment of basic human needs
(bio-psycho-social/cultural and spiritual), starting from the level of the whole
individual, covering the entire life cycle, up to the community level, which is also
reflected in the non-fulfillment of needs. basic at the level of functional to molecular
organ systems. (Syaifuddin, 2016)
The types of nursing ethics are divided into three, namely:

1. Bioethics: a theory that explains controversial ethics, regarding physical

problems and therapy which focuses on ethical questions that arise regarding
the relationship to life, biotechnology, therapy, law and politics and religion.
Bioethics emphasizes ethical dilemmas regarding care, modernization in health,
application of ethical theory, ethical values to health service problems.

1. Clinical Ethics: part of bioethics that places more emphasis on ethical issues
that occur in providing health services to clients. For example, agreeing or
refusing to carry out treatment actions that are less useful.

1. Nursing Ethics/Nursing Ethics: formal education regarding ethical issues that

are enhanced in behavior and then reviewed to obtain ethical decisions (dalami
& Suryani, 2010).

ETHICS OF CARE/CARING
This is important to determine ways that ensure a nurse becomes a caring professional.
Experts disagree that caring can be taught or is essentially an experienced way of
being caring. For those who consider caring to be a part of their life, this is a result of
their culture, values, experiences and relationships with others. Someone who has not
experienced care throughout their life will often have difficulty being caring.
However, when you come into contact with health and illness in your daily work life,
you will be able to develop attitudes and habits of providing care by being caring. We
will learn from our patients. Our patients are taught that "touch" is the same as saying
"I'm here" or promising to be present with the patient showing caring and compassion
(Engle, 2010).
Caring is a behavior that we can give and receive. As a nurse, it is important to
assess/assess caring needs and caring behavior. Recognize the importance of caregiver
self-care (see chapter 3). You will not be able to engage in full, sincere care when you
feel empty or uncared for. Take time to identify stressors and discuss them with
colleagues, family and friends to help you deal with these stressors. Use caring
behavior towards colleagues and likewise when they need your help (Jackson, 2012).
Whether you are providing or receiving care, applying caring values in practice will
benefit patients, colleagues and your institution.

NURSING REFLECTS ON THEORIES AND ETHICS

The nursing code of ethics helps caregivers consider patient needs from several
viewpoints and maintain a safe recovery environment. Ethical guidelines remind
caregivers to treat all people equitably and individually, while protecting the privacy
rights of patients in ways that may not seem overtly obvious. These recommendations
also call on caregivers to advocate and seek justice for those in their care, and to take
full responsibility for their work as nurses.Professional nurses sometimes experience
situations in the workplace that challenge their personal and professional ethics.
Morally courageous healthcare professionals, however, find a way to make ethical
decisions even if they are alone in their beliefs. Nurses who exercise this ability strive
to behave according to the nursing code of ethics, regardless of negative personal
outcomes that may arise. These outcomes may include a tainted reputation, personal
embarrassment, angst, ostracism by peers, employer or peer backlash, and career
ramifications. Moral practitioners create a safe, non-judgmental caregiving
environment. When unforeseen danger occurs, nurses take action to protect patients
and themselves. They also express empathy through words and actions, while forming
strong connections with their patients. These relationships foster a dialogue that helps
healthcare professionals find personalized and effective care solutions.

THE ETHICAL CONFILICT

Ethical conflict arises with an employee’s personal beliefs collide with the
organization’s, negative consequences such as stress, lack of organizational
commitment, absenteeism, and turnover can ensue. Individuals should work together
to achieve the objective. A team is developed when individuals possessing multiple
talent and skills work together to attain the same goals. Team members are jointly
responsible for doing everything it takes to attain the goal. Team sizes vary, but due to
the inefficiency of a big group of individuals working together in practice, people
typically refer to groups of less than 20 people when they talk about teams (Brown et
al., 2021).
However, strictly speaking, there are no restrictions on the size of a team. Even a
major firm with hundreds of employees might claim to operate as a team or with a
sense of camaraderie (Ogunyemi, 2019). Prioritization should be unbiased and regard
persons as equals as per ethical views. According to a growing agreement, the goals
should be to promote health maximization, equitable distribution, and poverty
prevention. Three ethical priority-setting criteria emerge from these guiding
principles: cost-effectiveness, priority to the poor, and financial risk protection.
Prioritizing services based on the cost-effectiveness of novel interventions vs. current
standards is critical, given that extending and enhancing people’s lives have both
direct and indirect benefits. Furthermore, this is not always the case, the most cost-
effective programmers frequently benefit the poorest and give the most financial risk
protection. Cost-effectiveness, however, cannot be the only consideration. Prioritizing
the poor is crucial since it will benefit them more than the well-off and will lessen
unjust inequities. Those with the most severe and biggest individual illness burdens
and those who are poor or otherwise disadvantaged are considered the worst-off.
Because the most cost-effective treatments do not necessarily help the poorest people,
services aimed at them should be given more on priority (Ogunyemi, 2019).