th

CLASS II
-

orgaEEEzggEtf
*Estes's . .

t÷÷÷÷ Isn: II!!!

'
omonia maranan.. . .
.mn. . ..

-
- i
- .
- .
- .
.
.
.

Bwesitnes
.
. .

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Cayetana!one
1) Name Reaction . . . .

2.) Resonance . . . .

3.) Organic conversions Road map .

4.) Test to distinguish

5.) Physical rproperties related question
G.) Acidic
strength of Amines
$ Basic .

71
Organic Reagents $ Reaction means .

887 Reaction mechanisms

Organic .

9.) Bio molecules .

Price -
Just your support Is share

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 Hame Reactions
a) ALDOL CONDENSATION :

CHS -

Cfo
+ H CH
-

,
CHO EICH, no .¥ocH5cn -
- en cao
-

b) CROSS ALDOL CONDENSATION :

% E %
cuz
-
- H t H - -
H
÷÷ ,
Ho -

cuz Ctf
- - - H .

c) BALZ SCH IE MANN REACTION :

-

IN H2 "
EE I Nat BE
fog ,
+

fluoro benzene
Aniline

d) BENZOIN CONDENSATION :

In die,
"

⇐ E- at takin
'
- -

,
Benzoin .

C) CANNIZZARO REACTION
CF Ona
:

LCH c'IH ) -

+ NaOH → CHGOH t H - -

I CHO + NaOH → -

CHIH tf -

COO Na
Benzoate
Benzyl alcohol .
Sod .

f) CARBYLAMINE REACTION :

CHzCHgNHg + CH Clg +3 KOH CHG Ctf NEC -13 KCI -13110

- -

-
NH + CHAZ -13 KOH calc )
Is NIC -13 KCI -13110
-

, .

g) CLEMMENSEN REDUCTION :

Cuzco cuz -14GB Etat! CH, CHACH, t H2O

'
CHS
f.jo + acid ETCH CHS ,
1- Hao
 h) DECARBOXYLATION REACTION :

- 004+2 NaOH ¥8 " + Ng cost H2O

i) COUPLING REACTION :

Nz tf
-
-
out HCl
-

NaCl + -
on
K hydroxy azobenzene
-

-
NaCl t -
NH
, E- Naff -
NH
,

p Amino azobenzene
-

j) DIAZOTIZATION REACTION : Nitrous Acid

←

NANO → HOMO + HCl

,
+ HCl

¥442110
'

+ HOMO + HCl

E- TARD REACTION CHO

iii. :%%%¥÷
k) :
"

¥,
o
"
..
Brown complex Benzaldehyde
Toluene

d) FINKELSTEIN REATION :

GHS -
Br + NAI ¥efA Gtf -
I + Na Br

my f- 17719 REACTION : pm
Init * EE
-
tenace

n ) FRIEDA L CRAFT REACTION :

i) Alkylation ii) Acylation coctlz

tense ¥7 ,.
a,
tudou.fi#EItHaAeephenone
O ) GAITER MANN REACTION :

Yau c>
[¥,Br+N4 cahuf.7iis.to
'

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Cu¥
1- + N
2
 b) GABRIEL PH TH AL IMIDE SYNTHESIS :

'

NH + KOH Nk t
GHS III
- -
'

Phthalimide pot .
phthalimide

ING Hs taiyo EI%: 1- Ca Hs MHz -

Phthalic Acid
N phltralimide
-
Ethyl

g) GAITER MANN KOCH REACTION :

to + HU ¥¥x "° + Hcc .

Benzaldehyde
)
r H V. I REACTION C Hell Vol hard
.
Zelinsky Reaction)
Cte, OH tusked UCH OH +4 GCU COOH
,

Ck Red P
Cf C -
COOH e
,

s) HOFMANN AMMO NO LYSIS :

" amine 2.amine 3- amine .

R NH R TR X R pl R
# R NH, TR X ¥
H, NTR X - - -
-
- -
- -

R
t) HOFMANN BROM AMIDE DEGRADATION :

R CON Hg Es
R NH -12 Na Br + , cos -12110 Na
+
Big +4 NaOH
- -

-
CONH
,
+
By -14 KOH b- LIEN Ha -12K Bztkgcog -12140
U) HUNS DI ECKER REACTION :
CC 14
R COO Agt Bra R Br + cost
-

¥+7 -

Ag Br .

V) KOLBE 'S REACTION :

ona+co II.97
Na
,
> n'Ito >
icgiic Acid )

w) REIMER -
TIEMANN REACTION :

III + cub E oIEua ÷÷Y .

,
EIFcucoHL.FI)
1¥74 no ' "°

csalicyldehyde)
 X) ROSEN MUND REDUCTION :
a

R - di -
U +H
,
Pd, Bash 's
>
R - d' -
H + Hes

Boiling xylene
SAND MEYER REACTION :
y)
del
El + Ha
Caa
→
Log fr
lol
t
+ Hbr ¥ A
Lot
CN
+ Ken

I) STEPHEN REDUCTION :
snag -12 HCl → snag -12 CoD
R CIN -12cm ) 1- HCl
-
# R CH -
-
-
NH.HU
ether

4
Boiling H2O
RCHO tNH4U
i) WILLIAMSON SYNTHESIS ,

R X -
+ R' ONA Y ROR
'
+ Max

( Hs I -
t ↳ Hs ONA
-
TCH, O -
-

GHS + NAI
ether .

ii ) WOLFF KISHNER REDUCTION :

KN NHL
-
KOH R.CH, N,
R CHO -
,
y +
glycol
CH
City COCH, "
y CHS -

Ctf -

,
"
>
- COCH
,
-
CH
,
CHS
iii ) WURTZ REACTION :

.IE#.aiiIII-::r-e7nerrr+2NaxCHsi:B..ir.II-
't
r

Denker iii.EIB.
CH, > Cates t2NaBr

iv) WURTZ -
FITTIG REACTION :

CHS Et tanar
III.I .is 1¥
-

>
cus
Toluene .

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 # 02 . .

RESONANCE

\,
a
Positive Resonance
×

Resonance
Negative
↳ -70
µ
↳
a
.

IET

↳ These are ortho and para ↳ These are meta -

directing
directing
ROADMAP # 01 ( DIAZONIUM SALT)

que
Halwa
-7 °H phenol

In
X Hspoz
- > Benzene
cul HCl
> ¥, chlorobenzene
Ga Hermann Rx
4¥
y
CUMBO Bromo benzene
y

¥4
'
¥, Benoni bile

:÷÷÷÷÷÷ ::O::::* ..
niemann
1¥
"
-1¥, Thio phenol

9mg >
,
on ,
-

Ns -

9
→
Azo Due

coupling Rxh

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-
-

,
 AROMATIC CONVERSIONS

Sh .HU a
4102
Nitrobenzene
Loy SGH
+ A
>
Benzene
HMOs sulphuric
, got Acid
Hr
ninth Mask
FOCH , fHzCHs
FT CH Cl X 2h Hg X
"'
-

44
,

aniline ¥644
Benzene

!.lk GUS %cf.CH

Tag s ,
,
,q Ahly d
0,6
'

2Nd Akg Toluene

, Dry ether T
g lol on
→ NaOh
F'
High d-
"
my
'

Biphenyl Gas > I Phenol

,
300AM

ROADMAP # 03
CHS
Cl
Toluene
←E
fi

,¥u ,÷7aw
chloro
Biphenyl benzene co)
an
I

.me#:eEtiCHzU
IoT
can a

phenol Bennie
Benzene
×

CN y NAU'd
(
1- Benzyl
coal Ht
,
HP ) o l chloride [ o)
l l X
^ '
ou
-

Benzo AG KOH -

o, is
Hu Nitrile
CHIH CHO
Benzoic a
,

Acid
h
NH lol
, ,
X
1-
lol
x Benzyl Benzaldehyde
Beneamide alcohol
 ROADMAP # 04

librate Bru Hoog

> HO
soon
lol tho)

÷ i÷ ÷ : ÷ ÷ :t .÷ f:÷ : ÷ ÷
- -

zy.sk
X I ONA
Br NaOH
ou > Sod .

I
1--
Nor 104 phenoxide
a dit O
/
( #
.

o t ←NO
Naz Cruz 11
X H
, y
'
Nou Hasog Quinone
11
°
OH NaOH,

:÷:÷:*::
( picric Acid )
phenol OH
pm NaOH , CHCH ,
ACH, 104 CHgU ↳ CHO
c- →
,
x
14
+
lid '
Anny at ¥ salicyldehyde
CH, Mlb Zu a
+ ZnO
Mth NH. A
7
X 5-
Benzene
lot on
+ BBK
>
BK¥B8t3HBr
-

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875.7 's!'
; i
Br
↳ 94,6 Toibsomo
ROADMAP
-

# 05 step Down, phenol

1¥ , R CHON
-
R CHO
-
R COOH
-

→
Alcohol Aldehyde
R -

qq.my, cans Acid .

.

MHz
X
R MHz Boz , 4 KOH
-

c- R CONH
-

Amide

R CH 99¥> R
-

,
-

CHL -
OH -
R -
CH
, Co]
oxidation
R -
H NaOH co]
5- R Cooma -5 R COOH f- Reno
- - ←

Naou ,
aldehyde
Cao
 #
ROADMAP # 06 Step Up .

R H
-
+ By his R Br
- Ni ,
R R
-

Amane
Wark RM

1¥ ,
R I
-
¥ R CN
-
"-7 RCONH,
R OH-

Rayon
HOMO
← R CH -

NHL
"°" Ht
,
,

tho
1-
"
243 Heat
RCHO 1- R COOH
-
e-
Reduction .
Cal Salt
.

with Cal torate

,±% ¥oni"
""
ROAD MAP # OF

-- asana.
EE
←
let 's
nao
-

Benzene

1.
, ,

t.CO HCl
PUS
Has04
,

( Cleo CON Hz
1-

Benzaldehyde

i
,S0sH
e-
Benzene Sulbhonic Acid

NLU NH
f. NaOH fuse ,

"

¢ uomo H NHS HoH In' ""

k¥14 Tmi Benzene

Zncln phenol

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cah.eu?iiss'?o '
 # 04 .
Test To
Distinguish .

* How will
you distinguish b/w propanol and poopanone
Propanol Psobanone
Iodoform
Test GHz OH + Int NaOH + NaOH
(
Hzcoctfz +
Iz
-

-7 No RM
y CHI , + CH, COON a
Yellow ppt +110 1- NAI

* How will you distinguish b/w ethanol and Phenol .

Ethanol Phenol

litmus Doesn't give Turn blue litmus

Test litmus Tests
into red .

Iodoform GHS OH -
1- Ist NaOH 04+5<-1 NaOH -3
Test
→ CHI + HCOONA No Rxh
,
.

+ NAI -1110 OH

Bra water ↳ Hs .
-
OH ¥ No white + 3Brz→B Br

Test Wako post

'
'
Bo
.

* How will you distinguish b/w ethanol and propanol

Ethanol Propanol

Iodoform CH, CHO 1- Ist NaOH GHS . -

CHO +
Iat NQOH
Test ¥ CHI, TH COON a
> No yellow ppt .

+ 3NaI
+31120
*
Distinguish b/w Penton -
2- one $ Penton - 3- one

Iodoform CHS CO CHINCH, + Izt NaOH CHGCH, CHIH, + Iit NaOH

Test → CHIS -1GHz COOMA > No Yellow pet .

+ Had + NAI B CU Ig
.

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 M -
Iab .

¥ How will
you distinguish b/w propanol $ propanone
Propanol Probanone
Iodoform CH, Chacko +Iot NaOH CH, COCH, +Iet NaOH
Test 0h19
→ No yellow Ppa →
CHIZT CH
,
+ tho + NAI
cH3CHaCH0+2EAgcnHgz3t
.

Totten 's
Reagent
CHZCOCH, T7
+30N
-

Test CH
Chefoo Engle Reagent
-

→ , + ,

→ unite + Silvermine No silver Mine

gyo
.

Fettling Solan CHZCH, CHO +2 Cult + son

-

CHgcoctgfehliys.tn >
Test →
ctegcteucoo +
Cayo -13110 No Red
-

Ppf .

Distinguish Benzaldehyde (Ef ) $

* Aeetophenone
b/w -
Cho

( coats )
Iodoform
CHO + NaOH + In
fest
-
Cock
,
+ NaOH + Iz
→ No yellow ppt → CUI t - Cooma
,
+ tho + NAI
AGNO ,
→ Totten 's
fest G- Cho
R¥ -

coats Tore"geYn't >

Giver Silver no silver mirror

mirror

¥ Acetophenone ( Ey -
COCH, ) and benzophenone ( Iof -
co -

GI)

Iodoform
- COCH + It NaOH CO -
TIL + NaOH
Test ,

→
CHIS t Cooma → No yellow ppt of
+
Hot NAI CHIS

1¥ Melhanoic Acid CHCOOH ) and Ethanoic Acid ( CH, OH)

Toqkgn
HOOH-IICASCNH.ldttdon.CH, on ten
Reagent
→ I Agt, + COELHO -14Mt No silver
Mirror
1¥ Benzoic Acid ( Iof Coon) and Phenol C - OH )

man
:p, iii. nano
.si:7?::inEi5n:::9.wi .

Coon of CO2 .

Feels 3C ) + feels → OU
Test H Violet
¥ + feels →
(Foy Coo
}fet3HCl colouration

Daft coloured ppt .

1¥
. Methylamine CCH, NH, ) and dimethylamino CCH ,
NHCH, )

Carbylamine tf NH, + CHO, e- Ikon

e
CHZNHCHZ + CHC} -13 KOU
Test F CH NC +Ikat 3110 → NO RX
"
, .

Hinsberg CHJNH, -1 soil CH, NACH t

¥-50,6
-
-

Reagent Hinsberg Reagent

→
SO
-50g NHC 't 1- KOH N CH
-
- - -

, , ,
,

→ ⇐ SO ,
-
N CH, )kttH, O
-

insoluble in
as
Soluble in Kon →

ag Kon
. .

# QUES RELATED TO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

b- dichlooo benzene has higher m.pt than that of ortho and

meta isomers .

Ans .

p dichlorobenzene has higher m.pt than those of o and

- -

M isomers because it is more symmetrical and

-

packing
is be Heo in solid form Hence it has .

stronger
intermolecular force of attraction than o - and
m -
isomers .

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 Alkyl halides though polar are immiscible with water ? .

Are Alkyl halides are in water

polar but are insoluble
because energy required to break the intermolecular
H
bonding among water -molecules is much higher
-

than
energy released by water halide interaction .

* why the dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than cyclohexane

¥493
AI Ih chlorobenzene bond has
'

Esb C a -

, some double bond character

so its bond length b smaller
is
Hence dipole moment smaller than
cyclo hexyl
chloride which has a longer C -
U single bond .

Na SOLUBILITY OF ALCOHOLS
solubility of alcohols is water
is due to their ability to form hydrogen bond with water
molecules The
solubility
. decreases with increase in
size of
alkyl groups and solubility increases with increase
in branching the order is 1k£53 .

* BOILING POINT OF ALCOHOLS The B -

Pt of alcohol increases
with increase in no
of
.

carbon atoms as Van der Waalforces increases

and b.pt decreases with increase in branching of
carbon chain due to decrease in Van der Waal forces .

with decrease in and the order is

surface area
l7
1¥ ACIDITY OF ALCOHOLS
IROH -12N a -72 RONA 1- Hz
sod . Alkoxide
acid
The
strength of alcohols decrease in order
R R R
+ CH OH 7
,

"
R
> CHOU T
go
RAI C- OH
30

* SOLUBILITY OF ETHERS ethers are soluble in water Rto certain

extent due to H -

Bonding
-
solubility decreases with increase in Mol Mass .

-
Ethers are fairly soluble in all
organic solvents
such as chloroform ,
alcohol , benzene etc .
 1¥ SOLUBILITY OF PHENOLS like alcohols ,
phenols are soluble
in water due the
formation of
with
µ
bonding water
-
.

-
Phenols are less soluble than alcohols due to

large hydrocarbon ( benzene

ring ) tart .

Phenols are soluble in alcohols ethers and also in NaOH .

I#
Boiling Point much
higher than corresponding hydrocarbons
and haloarenes intermolecular
due to H -

Bonding .

Point of
⇐
Boiling Aldehydes and ketones The B.pt of aldehydes and
ketones are higher than hydrocarbons and ethers of
comparable molecular mass due to weak dipole
-

dipole interaction .

Their
-

b.pt Are lower than those of alcohols

of similar molecular mass due to absence intermolecularof
H -
Bond .

isomeric
Among aldehydes and ketones ketones
-

have slightly higher B.Pt due to the presence of two

eo
releasing gp which make carbonyl group more
polar .

I
Solubility of aldehydes and ketones
lower members of
aldehydes and ketones Cibo C Ce) are soluble in water due
to H -

Bonding btw carbonyl group and water

Polar
However , solubility decreases with increase in mot Sir . .

-
Aromatic aldehydes and ketones are much less than
corresponding aliphatic aldehydes and ketones
due to larger benzene ring .

All carbonyl compounds are

fairly soluble in
Solvents
organic .

Ea
solubility of carboxylic Acid
-

simple aliphatic carboxylic acids having upto Cg atoms are

miscible in water due to formation of H Bond with water . .

The solubility decreases with increasing no .

of
carbon atoms Higher carboxylic acids are practically insoluble
.
-

in water due to the increased hydrophobic interaction

of hydrocarbon part .

-
Benzoic acid ,
the simplest aromatic
carboxylic
acid is nearly insoluble in cold water .

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 Point of Acid
E.
Boiling carboxylic
have
carboxylic acids
higher B.Pt
than aldehydes ,
ketones and even of comparable molecular mass
due to more extensive association of their molecules through
intermolecular completely
H -

Bonding . The H -
Bonds are not broken
even In their vapour phase .

Boiling Point and Solubility of Amines

" and 2e amines have higher B.pt than other organic
compounds due to Hydrogen bonding .

Primary and
secondary amines are soluble
in water due to H -

Bonding b/w 7MHz $ H2O molecules .

# ACIDIC AND BASIC CHARACTER

i¥ Basic character of Amines

-

Amines are basic in nature due to the presence of

lone pair of eo on nitrogen atom
-

Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia due to

+I effect of alkyl group present in Amines .

Aromatic amines are weaker bases than ammonia due to

'
-

I
effect of aryl group
-
-

Besides inductive effect these are like steric

effects
effect ,
solvation effect ,
resonance effect which
affect the basic strength of amines .

-
In
gaseous phase ,
the order of basicity
3. amines > 2 amines > co amines > NU,
-

In
aqueous phase ,
despite of inductive effect solvation
,

effect and steric hindrance also plays an important

rule .
Thus ,
the Orde of basicity of amines is

(
Katy:3 NH
)
Cq
.
Hs)
,
NY GHS -

NHL > NHS

7%1,1
10
and
(CHD GNU , NHUT (CHAN > NHS
*
°

z
.

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HE
Aryl groups are more acidic than alkyl groups .

T# Electron Donating Groups

increase +I effect hence
decrease acidic
strength
in Basic
crease
strength .

✓
FE Electron
.

withdrawing group
increase -
I effect hence
increase acidic strength
acidic and decrease basic
ka x
strength strength .

PKa a 1- Kb a basic strength

acidic strength
1-
play a
Basic strength .

# ORGANIC REA G ANTS AND HEAT IONS

Reducing Agents

Oxidising
Agents
.
# ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS

1¥ Nucleophilic substitution Reaction .

SNL

i¥±
.

stop

Acid rk#
catalysed
Hydration
of Alkenes .
Dehydration of Alcohol
lfthlkene tethers .

gag

Nucleophilic
Addition
Reaction . . .

*
BIOMOLECULES
 CARBOHYDRATES Tahfisfeapoeunanixjdl '

General formula : ↳ ftp.oyy

aldehydes or ketones
{ of §
CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF HYDROLYSIS
MONOSACCHARIDES OLIGO SACCH RIDES POLYSACCHARIDES
cannot be hydrolysed Give 2 Lo -

molecules Give large

further of monosaccharides number of SIX membered
e.g glucose fructose
monosaccharides
five membered
ring
.

sucrose maltose Cyclic

,
,
starch
ribose etc
e.g , e.g .

cellulose
Cyclic
Ring
.
.

PREPARATION OF GLUCOSE
Dimmitt W
From sucrose
bharat panchala ,
#
"

Gzthzou H2O Co Heads CGHKOG

Reducing Sugars
+ +
Dimmitt
( Glucose ) (fructose ) bharal panchala ,
-

From starch free

aldehyde'c
-

or Kebnic
(61%05) n t n H2O n (6111206 ( Reduce
group
Glucose )
rehling
-

sokn and Totten 's

STRUCTURE CHO ← one aldehyde group -

Maltose and fructose

Reagent .

({ HOH)4
Non
Four alcohol

Reducing Sugars
← 20

tigon ← one I. alcohol .

Do have free
-

not
CHEMICAL aldehyde or ke tonic
PROPERTIES OF GLUCOSE Do not gp .

Rehling
-

reduce sokn and Tokens

-

Sucrose
Reagent .

PROTEINS
These are the biomolecules from which
living system
"
made up of .

"
These are the polymers prepared by the
monomers of A amino acid
by condensation polymerisation
-

Str . of 4- amino acid .

NH,

R -

fi -
COOH

AMINO ACIDS colourless , water soluble ,

high melting
crystalline solids and behave like salts .

In aqueous solution carboxyl group can lose

a proton and amino

group can accept one
forming
2h11 TTER ION ( Amphoteric Nature )
ftp.
H H
D- Glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde
&
L-

E
R Coon COO
-

- -
R - -

i
CHO CHO
NH ¥ NHI
1-
,

TH
,

H OH HO
Amino acid twitter ion

CH OH CHLOH except glycine CR - H) all d- amino acids are optically

,
⑤ means -
OH is R H s
. -

① means -
OH in L US -

active and have D and L

configuration

{%osywM
E. CLASSIFICATION OF AMINO ACIDS
→ ON THE BASIS OF SOURCE
Essential amino acids Nonessential amino acids
which can't be synthesized in Which can be synthesised
body in the
the and must be supplied body .

}
diet
through .

M ON THE BASIS OF NATURE

NEUTRAL ACIDIC BASIC

Equal of
no .
amino More no .
do More no -

of
and Carboxyl group amino
carboxyl gp .
groan .

e.g Glycine
.
Alanine ,
e.g Aspartic
Acid ,
e.g lysine ,

valine glutamic Acid Arginine .

#
PEPTIDE BOND Peptides are further divided into di tri tetra
when two L -
amino acids combined , ,

together to form peptide by the elimination of depending Ubon the number of 2- amino acid combined .

water .
the bond CO NH -

present in peptide is ISOELECTRIC POINT :

known as peptide bond .
imam .

.name. . . . . .
The pH at which dipolar
ion czwi Her ion ) exists as neutral ion .
ie-

+ re

and is
+ >
-
ve
charge equal and it does not
migrate
iii.ii. to either electrode is called isoelectric point .
 Primary Str Secondary Str
NUCLEIC ACIDS
.
.

It refers to shape These

It
refers to sequence in
are polymers of
which
polypeptide nucleotides present in the nucleus of the cell These are
of amino acid in each
-

chain exist
polypeptide also called poly nucleotides
cyclin .

sty of .
Ci ) x -
helix
1) A)
Deoxy ribonucleic acid CD.nl
bleated
.

Tertiary Sir Ciii B

Proteins
-
.

It represents the overall Quaternary sin .

2.) Ribonucleic acid CR.nl . A)

folding of polypeptide chain It refers to spatial COMPOSITION OF NUCLEIC ACID

i e further
folding of 20 Str arrangement of
-

" fibrous
cii , globular subunits w -

rt each
other
1.) Pentose sugar 2.) Phosphoric Acid 3.) Nitrogenous base

In DNA is In RNA, is
sugar present sugar present
• •

2-
p D deoxyribose D ribose
-

B
- -
-

mm*

DENATURATION OF PROTEIN
A protein found in
biological system with a
unique #

INDimmitt
•
a

3- D Sto .

and biological is called as Native Protein

* When a protein in its native form is subjected
to physical change like change in temperature
-
Base present in Nucleic Acids are bharal panchala ,
-

chemical change like change in pH the hydrogen adenine CA ) ,

or
bonds disturbed due to which
,
guanine ca ) , cytosine CC)
are
globules Uracil CU ) and thymine Ce)
Unfold and helix get uncoiled and protein
.

loses its biological activity .

In DNA → A
,
9,47 In RNA -7 A. G. C, U
NUCLEOSIDE NUCLEOTIDE
*
During denaturation ,
I and 30 sto .
are destroyed
Ex Sugar + Base Ex
sugar + Base
th#kind? '

but I
.
sir.
remains intact
of white
e.g coagulation egg boiling
. on

curdling of milk .

I
GLOBULAR PRO TIEN FIBROUS PRO TIEN
They have nearly spherical have linear thread
1 . y

* They
structure . like Str .

* These are soluble in water # These are insoluble

in water
* Have A- helix Str .

I# have B pleated Sto -

.

* insulin e
,
albumin ↳ Keratin Chair ,
wool , silk)

myosin ( muscles)

esngoetgrm.nl?nnA.m:ci gRibosgm.gymranlA ciiilransfoe.ph?anfA

g
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DNA $ RNA
In?
This carries genetic code This
provide transfer amino
from DNA to ribosomes site for acid from different
where protein is protein

§
parts of cytoplasm
synthesised synthesis
ptooteibosgymnesmdesY.fi ng
-

STRUCTURE OF DNA : -

t a
DNA has a double helical
G c
structure with ACT
T A and 90C linked together

j✓¥
9 c

A T through two and three

at Ac hydrogen bond
respectively .

D.o@umMn.M
"

bharat pancha 192

T A

q c

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