Anuprak-Khandh-10th-B-2021-22-Prabhat-Vyakran Ayan

n~forh; Hkk"kk :i esa fganh ¼dksM la[;k&085½
¼ikB~;Øe 2021&22½ d{kk nloha fganhµch

Hkkjr ,d cgqHkk"kh ns'k gS ftlesa cgqr&lh {ks=h; Hkk"kk,° jph&clh gSaA Hkkf"kd vkSj lkaL—frd n`f"V ls fHkUu
gksus ckotwn Hkkjrh; ijaijk esa cgqr dq N ,slk gS tks ,d nwljs dks tksM+rk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ekr`Hkk"kk
:i esa vyx Hkk"kk dks i<+us okyk fon~;kFkhZ tc nwljh Hkk"kk :i esa fganh dk pquko djrk gS rks ml ikl
vfHkO;fDr dk ,d n`<+ vk/kkj igyh Hkk"kk :i esa igys ls gh ekStwn gksrk gSA blfy, NBh ls vkBoha d{kk esa
lh[kh gqbZ fganh dk fodkl Hkh og rsth ls djus yxrk gSA vkBoha d{kk rd og fganh Hkk"kk esa lquus] i<+us] fy[kus
vkSj dq N&dq N cksyus dk vH;kl dj pqdk gksrk gSA fganh dh cky if=dk,° vkSj fNViqV jpuk,° i<+uk Hkh vc
mls vk x;k gSA blfy, tc og uoha ,oa nloha d{kk esa fganh i<+sxk rks tgk° ,d vksj fganh Hkk"kk ekÍ;e ls
lkjs ns'k ls tqM+sxk ogha nwljh vksj vius {ks= vkSj ifjos'k dks fganh Hkk"kk ekÍ;e ls tkuus dh dksf'k'k Hkh
djsxk] D;ksafd fd'kksjo; bu cPpksa ekufld /kjkry dk fodkl fo'o Lrj rd igq°p pqdk gksrk gSA
f'k{k.k mn~ns';
š nSfud thou esa fganh esa le>us&cksyus lkFk&lkFk fy[kus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
š fganh fd'kksj&lkfgR;] v[kckj o if=dkvksa dks i<+dj le> ikuk vkSj mldk vkuan mBkus dh {kerk dk
fodkl djukA
š vkSipkfjd fo"k;ksa vkSj lanHkksZa esa ckrphr esa Hkkx ys ikus dh {kerk dk fodkl djukA
š fganh tfj, vius vuqHko lalkj dks fy[kdj lgt vfHkO;fDr dj ikus esa l{ke cukukA
š lapkj fofHkUu ekÍ;eksa ¼fizaV vkSj bysDVªkWfud½ esa iz;qDr fganh fofHkUu :iksa dks le>us dh ;ksX;rk
dk fodkl djukA
š d{kk esa cgqHkkf"kd] cgqlkaL—frd lanHkks± izfr laosnu'khy ldkjkRed lksp cukukA
š viuh ekr`Hkk"kk vkSj ifjos'kxr Hkk"kk dks lkFk j[kdj fganh dh lajpukvksa dh le> cukukA
f'k{k.k ;qfDr;k°
š n~forh; Hkk"kk :i esa i<+kbZ tk jgh fganh Hkk"kk dk Lrj i<+us vkSj i<+kus nksuksa gh n`f"V;ksa ls ekr`Hkk"kk lh[kus
dh rqyuk esa dq N eaFkj xfr ls pysxkA og xfr /khjs&/khjs c<+ l] blfy, fganh vÍ;kidksa dks cM+s /khjt
ls vius vÍ;kiu dk;ZØeksa dks fu;ksftr djuk gksxkA fdlh Hkh n~forh; Hkk"kk esa fuiq.krk izkIr djus&djkus
dk ,d gh mik; gS &ml Hkk"kk dk yxkrkj jkspd vH;kl djuk&djkukA ;s vH;kl ftrus vf/kd
jkspd] lfØ; ,oa izklafxd gksxa s fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh Hkkf"kd miyfC/k Hkh mruh gh rsÊkh ls gks lxhA eq[kj
Hkkf"kd vH;kl fy, okrkZyki] jkspd dgkuh lquuk&lqukuk] ?kVuk&o.kZu] fp=&o.kZu] laokn] okn&fookn]
vfHku;] Hkk"k.k izfr;ksfxrk,°] dfork ikB vkSj vaR;k{kjh tSlh xfrfof/k;ksa dk lgkjk fy;k tk ldrk gSA
š dkO; Hkk"kk eeZ ls fon~;kFkhZ dk ifjp; djkus fy, t:jh gksxk fd fdrkcksa esa vk, dkO;ka'kksa dh y;cn~/k
izLrqfr;ks]a vkWfM;ks&ohfM;ks dSlVs rS;kj fd, tk,°A vxj vklkuh ls dksbZ xk;d@ xkf;dk feys rks d{kk esa
eÍ;dkyhu lkfgR; vÍ;kiu&f'k{k.k esa mlls enn yh tkuh pkfg,A
š ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky;] fofHkUu laxBuksa rFkk Lora= fuekZrkvksa n~okjk miyC/k
djk, x, dk;ZØe@bZ&lkexzh o`Rrfp=ksa vkSj flusek dks f'k{k.k&lkexzh rkSj bLrseky djus dh t:jr
gSA bu izn'kZu Øe esa bu ij yxkrkj ckrphr tfj, ;k flusek ekÍ;e ls Hkk"kk iz;ksx dh fof'k"Vrk
dh igpku djkbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj fganh dh vyx&vyx NVk fn[kkbZ tk ldrh gSA
š d{kk esa flQZ ,d ikB~;iqLrd dh mifLFkfr ls csgrj gksxk fd f'k{kd gkFk esa rjg&rjg dh
ikB~;lkexzh dks fon~;kFkhZ ns[ksa vkSj d{kk esa vyx&vyx ekSdksa ij f'k{kd mudk bLrseky dj laA
š Hkk"kk yxkrkj xzg.k djus dh fØ;k esa curh gS] bls iznf'kZr djus dk ,d rjhdk ;g Hkh gS fd f'k{kd [kqn
;g fl[kk la fd os Hkh 'kCndks'k] lkfgR;dks'k] lanHkZxzaFk dh yxkrkj enn ys jgs gSaA blls fon~;kfFkZ;ksa
esa bu bLrseky djus dks ysdj rRijrk c<+sxhA vuqeku@vk/kkj ij fudVre vFkZ rd igq°pdj larq"V
gksus dh txg os lVhd vFkZ dh [kkst djus fy, izsfjr gksaxsA blls 'kCnksa dh vyx&vyx jaxr dk irk
pysxk] os 'kCnksa ckjhd varj izfr vkSj ltx gks ik,WaxsA
š fHkUu {kerk okys fon~;kfFkZ;ksa fy, mi;qDr f'k{k.k&lkexzh dk bLrseky fd;k tk, rFkk fdlh Hkh
izdkj ls mUgsa vU; fon~;kfFkZ;ksa ls derj ;k vyx u le>k tk,A
š d{kk esa vÍ;kid dks gj izdkj dh fofo/krkvksa ¼fyax] /keZ] tkfr] oxZ vkfn½ izfr ldkjkRed vkSj
laosnu'khy okrkoj.k fufeZr djuk pkfg,A
d{kk nloha] fganh ^c* ijh{kkvksa gsrq ikB~;Øe fofunsZ'ku 2021&22

ijh{kk Hkkj foHkktu
[kaM v ¼oLrqijd iz'u½ vad 40
fo"k;oLrq mi Hkkj dqy Hkkj
1- vifBr xn~;ka'k ¼fparu {kerk ,oa vfHkO;fDr dkS'ky ij cgqfodYikRed
10
iz'u iwNs tk,°x½s
pkj vifBr xn~;ka'kksa esa ls dksbZ nks xn~;ka'k djus gksxsaA ¼200 ls 250
10
'kCnksa ½¼200 ls 250 'kCnksa ½¼2 xn~;ka'k ‰ 1 vad ‰ 5 iz'u½
2- O;kdj.k% ikB~;iqLrd esa fn, x, Hkk"kk&v/;;u vk/kkj ij
cgqfodYikRed iz'u ¼1 vad ‰ 16 iz'u½
1 inca/k ¼3 esa ls fdUgha 2 mRrj½ ¼1 vad ‰ 2 iz'u½ 02
2 jpuk vk/kkj ij okD; :ikarj.k ¼4 esa ls fdUgha 3 mRrj½
03 16
¼1 vad ‰ 3 iz'u½
3 lekl ¼5 esa ls fdUgha 4 mRrj½ ¼1 vad ‰ 4 iz'u½ 04
4 eqgkojs ¼oy 4 iz'u] lHkh vfuok;Z½ ¼1 vad ‰ 4 iz'u½ 04
5 vyadkj ¼vuqizkl] ;ed] miek] :id] vfr'k;ksfDr] ekuohdj.k½ 03
3- ikB;iqLrd Li'kZ Hkkx & 2 ¼14 vad½
dkO; [kaM ¼4 vad½
ifBr in~;ka'k ij pkj cgqfodYih; iz'u ¼1 vad ‰ 4 iz'u½ 04
xn~; [kaM ¼10 vad½ 14
nks ifBr xn~;ka'kksa ij ik°p&ik°p cgqfodYih iz'uA
10
2 xn~;ka'k ‰ ¼1 vad ‰ 5 iz'u½
ijh{kk Hkkj foHkktu [kaM c ¼o.kZukRed iz'u½ vad 40
fo"k;oLrq mi Hkkj dqy Hkkj
4- ikB;iqLrd Li'kZ Hkkx & 2 ¼8 vad½
1- Li'kZ ls fu/kkZfjr ikBksa vk/kkj ij fo"k;&oLrq dk Kku] cks/k]
vfHkO;fDr vkfn ij 25&30 'kCnksa okys rhu esa nks iz'u iwNs tk,°xsaA 04
¼2 vad ‰ 2 iz'u½
2- Li'kZ ls fu/kkZfjr ikBksa vk/kkj ij fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh mPp fparu
{kerkvksa ,oa vfHkO;fDr dk vkadyu djus gsrq 60&70 'kCnksa okyk 04 14
1 iz'u ¼4 vad ‰ 1 iz'u½
iwjd ikB;iqLrd lap;u Hkkx & 2 ¼6 vad½
iwjd ikB;iqLrd lap;u fu/kkZfjr ikBksa ls rhu esa ls nks iz'u iwNs tk,°xsa
06
ftudk mRrj 40&50 'kCnksa esa nsuk gksxkA ¼3 vad ‰ 2 iz'u½
5- ys[ku ¼26 vad½
v lar fcanqvksa ij vk/kkfjr lelkef;d ,oa O;kogkfjd thou ls tqM+s
gq, fdUgha rhu fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij 80 ls 100 'kCnksa esa 6
vuqPNsnA ¼6 vad ‰ 1 iz'u½ ¼fodYi lfgr½
c vkSipkfjd fo"k; ls lacf/kr i=A ¼5 vad ‰ 1½ ¼fodYi lfgr½ 5
l O;kogkfjd thou ls lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr 30&40 'kCnksa esa
5
lwpuk ys[kuA ¼5 vad ‰ 1 iz'u½ ¼fodYi lfgr½
n fo"k; ls lacaf/kr 25&50 'kCnksa varxZr foKkiu ys[kuA 26
5
¼5 vad ‰ 1 ½ ¼fodYi lfgr½
b y?kq dFkk ys[ku fn, x, izLFkku fcanq vk/kkj ij 100&120
5
'kCnksa esa y?kq dFkk ys[kuA ¼5 vad ‰ 1 iz'u½ ¼fodYi lfgr½
dq y 80
6 ¼d½ Jo.k rFkk okpu & 10 vad 10 10
¼[k½ ifj;kstuk & 10 vad 10 10
dq y vad 100
fuEufyf[kr ikB o"kZ 2021&22 ikB~;Øe ls gVk fn, x, gSaA
in~; [kaM % egknsoh oekZe/kqj & e/kqj esjs nhid tyA
xn~; [kaM % varksu ps[kofxjfxVA
vkarfjd ewY;kadu gsrq
Jo.k rFkk okpu ijh{kk gsrq fn'kk&funsZ'k%
Jo.k ¼lquuk½ ¼5 vad½% of.kZr ;k ifBr lkexzh dks lqudj vFkZxzg.k djuk] okrkZyki djuk]
okn&fookn] Hkk"k.k] dforkikB vkfn dks lqudj le>uk] ewY;kadu djuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr <ax dks
le>ukA
okpu ¼cksyuk½ ¼5 vad½% Hkk"k.k] lLoj dfork&ikB] okrkZyki vkSj mldh vkSipkfjdrk]
dk;ZØe&izLrqfr rFkk&dgkuh vFkok ?kVuk lqukuk] ifjp; nsuk] Hkkokuqdwy laokn&okpuA
fVIi.kh% okrkZyki dh {kerkvksa dk ewY;kadu fujarjrk vk/kkj ij ijh{kk le; gh gksxkA fu/kkZfjr 10 vadksa
esa ls 5 Jo.k ¼lquuk½ dkS'ky ewY;kadu fy, vkSj 5 okpu ¼cksyuk½ dkS'ky ewY;kadu
fy, gksaxsA
okpu ¼cksyuk½ ,oa Jo.k ¼lquuk½ dkS'ky dk ewY;kadu%
š ijh{kd fdlh izklafxd fo"k; ij ,d vuqPNsn dk Li"V okpu djsxkA vuqPNsn rF;kRed ;k lq>kokRed
gks ldrk gSA vuqPNsn yxHkx 80&100 'kCnksa dk gksuk pkfg,A
;k
š ijh{kd 2&3 feuV dk JO; va'k ¼vkWfM;ks fDyi½ lquok,xkA va'k jkspd gksuk pkfg,A dF; ?kVuk iw.kZ
,oa Li"V gksuh pkfg,A okpd dk mPpkj.k 'kqn~/k] Li"V ,oa fojke fpg~uksa mfpr iz;ksx lfgr gksuk
pkfg,A
š ijh{kkFkhZ /;kuiwoZd ijh{kd@vkWfM;ks fDyi dks lquus i'pkr ijh{kd n~okjk iwNs x, iz'uksa dk viuh
le> ls ekSf[kd mRrj nsaxsA
š fdlh fu/kkZfjr fo"k; ij cksyuk] ftlls fon~;kFkhZ vius O;fDrxr vuqHkoksa dk izR;kLej.k dj laA
š dksbZ dgkuh lqukuk ;k fdlh ?kVuk dk o.kZu djukA
š ifjp; nsukA ¼Lo@ifjokj@okrkoj.k@oLrq@O;fDr@i;kZoj.k@dfo@ys[kd vkfn½
š ijh{k.k ls iwoZ ijh{kkFkhZ dks rS;kjh fy, dq N le; fn;k tk,A
š fooj.kkRed Hkk"kk esa orZeku dky dk iz;ksx visf{kr gSA
š fu/kkZfjr fo"k; ijh{kkFkhZ vuqHko&txr gksaA
š tc ijh{kkFkhZ cksyuk vkjaHk djsa rks ijh{kd de ls de gLr{ksi djsaA
Jo.k ¼lquus½ vkSj okpu ¼cksyus½ dh ;ksX;rk,°%
š izokg lkFk cksyh tkrh gqbZ fganh dks vFkZcks/k lkFk le>ukA okrkZvksa ;k laoknksa dks le>ukA
š fganh 'kCnksa dk Bhd mPpkj.k djuk rFkk fganh LokHkkfod vuqrku dk iz;ksx djukA
š lkekU; fo"k;ksa ij ckrphr djuk vkSj ifjppkZ esa Hkkx ysukA
š fganh dforkvksa dks mfpr y;] vkjksg&vojksg vkSj Hkko lkFk i<+ukA
š ljy fo"k;ksa ij dq N rS;kjh lkFk nks&pkj feuV dk Hkk"k.k nsukA
š fganh esa Lokxr djuk] ifjp; vkSj /kU;okn nsukA
š fganh vfHku; esa Hkkx ysukA
Jo.k ¼lquuk½ okpu ¼cksyuk½
1 fon~;kFkhZ esa ifjfpr lanHkks± esa iz;qDr 'kCnksa vkSj 1 fon~;kFkhZ oy vyx&vyx 'kCnksa vkSj inksa
inksa dks le>us dh lkekU; ;ksX;rk gSA iz;ksx dh ;ksX;rk iznf'kZr djrk gSA
2 NksVs lqlacn~/k dFkuksa dks ifjfpr lanHkks± esa le>us 2 ifjfpr lanHkksZa esa NksVs lqlacn~/k dFkuksa dk lhfer
dh ;ksX;rk gSA 'kqn~/krk ls iz;ksx djrk gSA
3 ifjfpr lanHkksZa esa dfFkr lwpuk dks Li"V le>us 3 visf{kr nh?kZ Hkk"k.k esa tfVy dFkuksa iz;ksx dh
dh ;ksX;rk gSA ;ksX;rk iznf'kZr djrk gSA
4 nh?kZ dFkuksa dh Jà[kyk dks i;kZIr 'kqn~/krk ls 4 vifjfpr fLFkfr;ksa esa fopkjksa dks rkfdZd <ax ls
le>rk gS vkSj fu"d"kZ fudky ldrk gSA laxfBr dj /kkjk izokg :i esa izLrqr dj ldrk gSA
5 tfVy dFkuksa fopkj&fcanqvksa dks le>us dh 5 mn~ns'; vkSj Jksrk fy, mi;qDr 'kSyh dks
;ksX;rk iznf'kZr djrk gSA viuk ldrk gSA
ifj;kstuk dk;Z & dq y vad 10
fo"k; oLrq & 5 vad
Hkk"kk ,oa izLrqfr & 3 vad
'kks/k ,oa ekSfydrk & 2 vad
š fganh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; ls tqM+s fofo/k fo"k;ksa@fo/kkvksa@lkfgR;dkjksa@ledkyhu ys[ku@lkfgfR;d oknksa @
Hkk"kk rduhdh i{k@izHkko@vuqiz;ksx@lkfgR; lkekftd lanHkks± ,oa thou ewY; laca/kh izHkkoksa vkfn
ij ifj;kstuk dk;Z fn, tkus pkfg,A
š l= izkjaHk esa gh fon~;kFkhZ dks fo"k; pquus dk volj feys rkfd mls 'kks/k] rS;kjh vkSj ys[ku fy,
i;kZIr le; fey lA
š okpu&Jo.k dkS'ky ,oa ifj;kstuk dk;Z dk ewY;kadu fon~;ky; Lrj ij vkarfjd ijh{kd n~okjk gh
fd;k tk,xkA
iBu dkS'ky
i<+us dh ;ksX;rk,°%
š fganh esa dgkuh] fuca/k ] ;k=k&o.kZu] thouh] i=] Mk;jh vkfn dks vFkZcks/k lkFk i<+ukA
š ikB~;oLrq laca/k esa fopkj djuk vkSj viuk er O;Dr djukA
š lanHkZ lkfgR; dks i<+dj vius dke yk;d lwpuk ,d= djukA
š ifBr oLrq dk lkjka'k rS;kj djukA
š Hkk"kk] fopkj ,oa 'kSyh dh ljkguk djukA
š lkfgR; izfr vfHk#fp dk fodkl djukA
fy[kus dh ;ksX;rk,°%
š fy[krs gq, O;kdj.k&lEer Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx djukA
š fganh ifjfpr vkSj vifjfpr 'kCnksa dh lgh orZuh fy[kukA
š fojke fpg~uksa dk leqfpr iz;ksx djukA
š ys[ku fy, lfØ; ¼O;ogkjksi;ksxh½ 'kCn HkaMkj dh o`n~f/k djukA
š izHkkoiw.kZ Hkk"kk rFkk ys[ku&'kSyh dk LokHkkfod :i ls iz;ksx djukA
š mi;qDr vuqPNsnksa esa ck°Vdj fy[kukA
š izkFkZuk i=] fuea=.k i=] c/kkbZ i=] laosnuk i=] vkns'k i=] bZ esy] ,l-,e-,l- vkfn fy[kuk vkSj
fofo/k izi=ksa dks HkjukA
š fofo/k lzksrksa ls vko';d lkexzh ,d= dj ,d vHkh"V fo"k; ij vuqPNsn fy[kukA
š ns[kh gqbZ ?kVukvksa dk o.kZu djuk vkSj mu ij viuh izfrfØ;k izdV djukA
š i<+h gqbZ dgkuh dks laokn esa rFkk laokn dks dgkuh esa ifjofrZr djukA
š lekjksg vkSj xksf"B;ksa dh lwpuk vkSj izfrosnu rS;kj djukA
š fy[kus esa ekSfydrk vkSj l`tukRedrk ykukA
jpukRed vfHkO;fDr
vuqPNsn ys[ku
š iw.kZrk & lacaf/kr fo"k; lHkh i{kksa dks vuqPNsn esa lhfer vkdkj esa la;ksftr djukA
š Øecn~/krk & fopkjksa dks Øecn~/k ,oa rdZlaxr fof/k ls izdV djukA
š fo"k;& afnzr & izkjaHk ls var rd vuqPNsn dk ,d lw= esa c°/kk gksukA
š lkekfldrk & lhfer 'kCnksa esa ;FkklaHko iwjh ckr dgus dk iz;kl] vuko';d ckrsa u dj oy fo"k;
ls lacn~/k o.kZu&foospuA
i= ys[ku
š vukSipkfjd i= fopkj&foe'kZ dk tfj;k ftuesa eS=hiw.kZ Hkkouk fufgr] ljyrk] laf{kIr vkSj lknxh
iw.kZ ys[ku 'kSyhA
š vkSipkfjd i=ksa n~okjk nSuafnuh thou dh fofHkUu fLFkfr;ksa esa dk;Z] O;kikj] laokn] ijke'kZ] vuqjks/k rFkk
lq>ko fy, izHkkoh ,oa Li"V laizs"k.k {kerk dk fodklA
š ljy vkSj cksypky dh Hkk"kk 'kSyh] mi;qDr] lVhd 'kCnksa iz;ksx] lh/ks&lkns <ax ls Li"V vkSj izR;{k
ckr dh izLrqfrA
š izk:i dh vko';d vkSipkfjdrkvksa lkFk lqLi"V] lqy>s vkSj Øecn~/k fopkjA
š vko';d rF;] la{ksi vkSj laiw.kZrk lkFk izHkkokfUofrA
foKkiu ys[ku foKkfir oLrq @ fo"k; dks anz esa j[krs gq,
š foKkifr oLrq fof'k"V xq.kksa dk mYys[kA
š vkd"kZd ys[ku 'kSyhA
š izLrqfr esa u;kiu] orZeku ls tqM+ko rFkk nwljksa ls fHkUurkA
š foKkiu esa vko';drkuqlkj ukjs ¼Lyksxu½ dk mi;ksxA
š foKkiu ys[ku esa ckWDl] fp= vFkok jax dk mi;ksx vfuok;Z ughaA
lwpuk ys[ku
fdlh fo'ks"k lwpuk dks lkoZtfud djuk] de 'kCnksa esa vkSipkfjd 'kSyh esa fy[kh xbZ laf{kIr tkudkjhA
ftlesa ys[ku esa š mn~ns'; dh Li"VrkA š vke cksypky dh Hkk"kk vkSj ljy okD;ksa dk iz;ksxA
š Li"V 'kh"kZd] eq[; rF;@fo"k; oLrq] mi;ksxh laidZ lw= lkFk Li"V laizs"k.k {kerkA
dgkuh ys[ku ¼nh xbZ iafDr;ksa vk/kkj ij dgkuh ys[ku½
š fujarjrkA š ftKklk@jkspdrkA
š jpukRedrk@dYiuk 'kfDr dk mi;ksxA š dFkkRedrkA
š izHkkoh laokn@ik=kuqdwy laoknA
8 izHkkr O;kdj.k -v;u] d{kk nloha ^ch*
inca / k
1 [PHRASE]
inca/k % tc dksbZ 'kCn mi;qDr O;kdj.k fu;eksa vuqlkj okD; esa iz;Dq r gksrk gS] rc og în*
dgykrk gSA okD; dh jpuk vusd inksa esy ls gksrh gSA okD; esa ,d ls vf/kd in ijLij feydj tc ,d gh
O;kdjf.kd dksfV dk dk;Z djrs gSa rks os înca/k* dgykrs gSa] tSlµ s cPps Fkd x, gSAa
bl okD; esa ^cPps* laKk in gS rFkk ^Fkd x, gS*a fØ;k inca/k gSA ;fn bl okD; esa laKk ls iwoZ dq N vkSj
'kCn tksM+ dj ge u;k okD; cuk,°µ ^lqcg ls izrh{kk dj jgs cPps Fkd x, gSAa * rc ^lqcg ls izrh{kk dj jgs cPps*
laKk inca/k dgyk,xkA
inca/kksa dk vfLrRo okD; esas gh gksrk gS] okD; ls ckgj inca/kksa dh ladYiuk ugha dh tk ldrh D;ksafd
inca/k dk fuekZ.k inksa ls gksrk gS vkSj in okD; esa iz;qDr 'kCnksa dks dgrs gSaA
izR;sd okD; eas drkZ] deZ] fØ;k] vO;; vkfn bdkb;ksa dk LFkku fuf'pr gksrk gSA bu fuf'pr LFkkuksa
ij ;fn ,d 'kCn vk, rks og în* dgykrk gS] vkSj ;fn bu LFkkuksa ij 'kCn lewg iz;qDr gksrk gS rks og ml
LFkku izdk;Z ls lacaf/kr înca/k* dgykrk gS] tSlsµ
drkZ deZ fØ;k
¼d½ HkkbZ lkgc dk;Z dj jgs gSaA
¼[k½ cM+s HkkbZ lkgc viuk dk;Z dj jgs gSaA
¼x½ esjs cM+s HkkbZ lkgc viuk fon~;ky; dk dk;Z dj jgs gSaA
mi;qZDr mnkgj.kksa esa vkius ns[kk fd drkZ rFkk deZ LFkku ij vkus okys inksa esa dq N vkSj 'kCn tksM+s
x, gSaA okD; esa tgk° HkkbZ lkgc 'kCn dk iz;ksx gks jgk gS mlh LFkku ij cM+s HkkbZ lkgc vkSj esjs cM+s HkkbZ
lkgc dk iz;ksx gks jgk gS vkSj ;s ijLij feydj okD; esa ogh dk;Z dj jgs gSa tks fd HkkbZ lkgc in dj jgk
FkkA vr% ;g lHkh inca/k gSaA
'kh"kZ in vkSj vkfJr in % inca/k esa tks vk/kkj ;k eq[; in gksrk gS mls 'kh"kZ in dgrs gSaA vU; inksa
dks vkfJr in dgk tkrk gS] tSlsµv;ks/;k jktk n'kjFk pkj iq= FksA
;gk° v;ks/;k jktk n'kjFk inca/k gSA bldk eq[; in n'kjFk gS D;ksafd ;fn ;gk° ls n'kjFk in dks
gVk fn;k tk, rks okD; laxr ugha gksxk] tcfd v;ks/;k jktk dks gVk nsus ij Hkh okD; iw.kZ gksrk gSA vr%
n'kjFk bl incaÌ dk 'kh"kZ in gS rFkk v;ks/;k jktk vkfJr in gSA
inca/k Hksn %
okD; esa inca/k dHkh laKk dk izdk;Z djrs gSa rks dHkh loZuke dk] dHkh fo'ks"k.k dk rks dHkh fØ;k dkA
bUgha izdk;ks± vk/kkj ij inca/kksa dks ik°p fofHkUu oxks± esa ck°Vk tkrk gSµ
1- laKk inca/k 2- loZuke inca/k 3- fo'ks"k.k inca/k
4- fØ;k inca/k 5- vO;; ¼fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k½ inca/k
1- laKk inca/k % tks inca/k okD; eas laKk dk dk;Z djrs gSa] mUgsa laKk inca/k dgrs gSaA bu inca/kksa esa
,d in laKk dk vo'; gksrk gSA bueaas laKk in dks gh 'kh"kZ in dgk tkrk gSA buesa vkfJr in izk;% laKk in
ls igys vkrs gSaA vko';drkuqlkj buesa dkjdksa dk iz;ksx Hkh gksrk gS] tSlsµ
¼d½ cgqr cksyus okys gfjgj dkdk vkt 'kkar cSBs gSaA
inca / k 9
¼[k½ ges'kk [ksyus okyk NksVk HkkbZ d{kk esa vOoy vk;kA
¼x½ gekjs gsM ekLVj 'kekZ th gesa vaxzsÊkh i<+krs FksA
¼?k½ ?kj nkyku esa jgus okys dcwrj ?kj xank dj nsrs FksA
¼³½ ?kj ihNs jgus okyk ifjokj vkt pyk x;kA
¼p½ dyDVj lkgc dk csVk b»¤u Vksih dk fe= FkkA
2- loZuke inca/k % loZuke LFkku ij iz;qDr gksus okys inca/k loZuke inca/k dgykrs gSaA laKk
inca/k foijhr loZuke inca/k eas 'kh"kZ in dbZ ckj vkfJr inksa ls igys vk tkrs gSaA fganh esa loZuke incaÌksa
dk iz;ksx lhfer gksrk gS] tSlsµ
¼d½ ges'kk g°lus okys vki vkt mnkl D;ksa gSa\
¼[k½ vki fe=ksa esa ls dksbZ rks lkeus vk,A
¼x½ cPpksa&lh Hkksyh lwjr okys rqe lp D;ksa fNik jgs gks\
¼?k½ cM+h&cM+h ckrsa djus okyk og fnYyh ls vk;k gSA
¼³½ 'ksj dh rjg ngkM+us okys vki pqi D;ksa gSa\
¼p½ ges'kk lp cksyus okys rqe vkt >wB D;ksa cksy jgs gks\
3- fo'ks"k.k inca/k % tks inca/k okD; esa fo'ks"k.k LFkku ij iz;Dq r gksrs gS]a mUgsa fo'ks"k.k inca/k dgrs
gSAa fo'ks"k.k inca/k izk;% laKk vFkok loZuke dh fo'ks"krk crkrs gSa rFkk mUgha lkFk vkrs gSAa dbZ ckj budk Lora=
iz;ksx Hkh gksrk gSA bu inca/kksa esa 'kh"kZ in fo'ks"k.k rFkk vkfJr in izfo'ks"k.k :i esa gksrs gSa] tSlµ
s
¼d½ vki rks cgqr ekynkj gSaA
¼[k½ uhys rsy okys MkWDVj 'kqDyk Vksih firk FksA
¼x½ dks;y lk e/kqj xhr xkus okyh okehjks 'kkar FkhA
¼?k½ lkeus dh nqdku ij cSBus okyk O;fDr vkt fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgkA
¼³½ ges'kk vÍ;;u'khy jgus okys HkkbZ lkgc ¤sy gks x,A
¼p½ fon~;ky; dh vksj tkus okyh lM+d gesa vÍ;kidksa dh ;kn fnyk nsrhA
4- fØ;k inca/k % okD; esa tgk° vU; 'kCn in :i esa iz;qDr gks ldrs gSa] ogk° fØ;k 'kCn vf/kdrj
inca/k :i esa gh iz;qDr gksrs gSaA D;ksafd okD; esa ewy fØ;k lkFk lgk;d fØ;k] dky] i{k] fyax]
opu vkfn lHkh dh lwpuk nsus okys izR;;ksa dks tksM+k tkrk gSA budk iz;ksx lkekU;r% okD; var esa
djrs gSa] tSlsµ
¼d½ gfjgj dkdk dks lc lqukbZ ns jgk FkkA ¼?k½ og i<+rs&i<+rs lks x;kA
¼[k½ NksVk HkkbZ jksÊk [ksyus pyk tkrk gSA ¼³½ og jksÊk esjs ?kj vk tkrk gSA
¼x½ og fcuk ihNs ns[ks pyrk pyk x;kA ¼p½ esjk fe= vk pqdk gksxkA
5- vO;; ¼fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k½ inca/k % fØ;k dh fo'ks"krk crkus okys inksa lewg dks fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k
;k vO;; inca/k dgrs gSaA budh jpuk izk;% laKk rFkk vO;; la;ksx ls gksrh gS] tSlsµ
¼d½ xkM+h cgqr /kheh xfr ls py jgh gSA ¼?k½ og cM+cM+krk gqvk pyk tk jgk gSA
¼[k½ ?kj pkjksa vksj isM+ yxs gaSA ¼³½ ge Åij okys dejs esa lksrs gSaA
¼x½ iyax ij ysVs&ysVs og vkns'k ns jgh gSA ¼p½ rqe vkjke ls cSBdj D;ksa ugha i<+rs\
vH;kl&iz'u
I. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr inca/kksa mfpr Hksn ij lgh ¼½ dk fpg~u yxkb, %
1- vius ?kj ls Hkkxs gq, cPps fey x, gSaA
(i) laKk inca/k (ii) loZuke inca/k (iii) fo'ks"k.k inca/k (iv) fØ;k inca/k
2- 'osrk cgqr rsÊk nkSM+rh pyh vk jgh gSA
3- lqanj] lq;ksX;] lq'khy dU;k fy, oj pkfg,A
(i) laKk inca/k (ii) loZuke inca/k (iii) fo'ks"k.k inca/k (iv) vO;; inca/k
4- ?kj ihNs yxk gqvk isM+ Qyksa ls ynk gqvk gSA
5- rrk°jk dk ;kpuk Hkjk psgjk mldh vk°[kksa esa rSj tkrkA
(i) laKk inca/k (ii) loZuke inca/k (iii) fØ;k inca/k (iv) vO;; inca/k
6- Nk= /;kuiwoZd i<+ jgs gSaA
7- lLrs nkeksa ij [kjhnh phÊk tYnh [kjkc gks tkrh gSA
8- vkHkkxh og djrh Hkh rks D;k djrh\
9- gekjk [ksr bl dksus ls ml dksus rd QS yk gSA
10- yksxksa dh tsc dkVus okyk idM+k x;kA
11- jk"Vªfirk egkRek xka/kh us vlg;ksx vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA
12- eSa f'k{kk iznku djus okys xq#tuksa ij Jn~/kk j[krk gwA°
13- eSaus mldh lqcg ls jkr rd izrh{kk dhA
14- irax gok esa mM+rh pyh xbZA
15- eksgu ?kj pkjksa vksj Å°ph nhokj gSA
(i) laKk inca/k (ii) loZuke inca/k (iii) vO;; inca/k (iv) fo'ks"k.k inca/k
16- fcuk lksps&le>s rqe D;kas pys vk,\
(i) laKk inca/k (ii) vO;; inca/k (iii) fo'ks"k.k inca/k (iv) fØ;k inca/k
17- ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk ekjk og vkneh dgha pyk x;kA
inca / k 11
II. fuEufyf[kr okD;ks a es a ls inca / k Nk° V dj fyf[k, %

1- gekjs ?kj pkjksa vksj isM+&gh&isM+ gSaA --------------------------------------------------------
(i) isM+ gSa (iii) isM+ gh isM+
(ii) ?kj pkjksa vksj (iv) gekjs ?kj pkjksa vksj
2- xhrk dk mins'k nsus okys vki vkt ?kcjk, gq, D;ksa gS\ a --------------------------------------------------------
(i) vkt ?kcjk, gq, (iii) xhrk dk mins'k nsus okys
(ii) xhrk dk mins'k (iv) mins'k nsus okys vki vkt
3- vki NksVs cPps us esjk 'kh'kk rksM+ fn;kA --------------------------------------------------------
(i) rksM+ fn;k (iii) NksVs cPps us esjk 'kh'kk
(ii) vki NksVs cPps (iv) cPps us esjk 'kh'kk rksM+ fn;k
4- og xkrk gqvk pyk tk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------------------
(i) og xkrk (iii) tk jgk gS
(ii) xkrk gqvk (iv) og xkrk gqvk pyk
5- xkM+h esa ihNs cSBs lTtu esjs firkth gSaA --------------------------------------------------------
(i) esjs firkth gSa (iii) xkM+h esa ihNs cSBs lTtu
(ii) cSBs lTtu esjs (iv) xkM+h esa ihNs cSBs lTtu esjs
III. fuEufyf[kr okD;ks a es a ls la K k inca / k Nk° V dj fyf[k, %
1- esjh NksVh cgu xhrk d{kk esa izFke vkbZ gSA --------------------------------------------------------
(i) izFke vkbZ gS (iii) esjh NksVh cgu
(ii) NksVh cgu xhrk (iv) esjh NksVh cgu xhrk
2- ?kj ihNs okys miou esa laqnj Qw y f[kys gSaA --------------------------------------------------------
(i) laqnj Qw y f[kys gSa (iii) ihNs okys miou esa
(ii) f[kys gSa (iv) ?kj ihNs okys miou
3- iM+ksl esa jgus okyk fot; izFke vk;k gSA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) fot; (iii) fot; izFke vk;k gS
(ii) iM+kls esa jgus okyk (iv) iM+ksl esa jgus okyk fot;
4- ?kj ihNs yxk gqvk isM+ lw[k x;kA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) isM+ lw[k x;k (iii) ?kj ihNs yxk gqvk isM+
(ii) ?kj ihNs (iv) yxk gqvk isM+
5- xksy&eVksy cPps lqanj yxrs gaSA --------------------------------------------------------
(i) cPps laaqnj (iii) cPps lqanj yxrs gSa
(ii) xksy&eVksy cPps (iv) laqnj yxrs gSa
IV. fuEufyf[kr okD;ks a es a ls loZ u ke inca / k Nk° f V, vkS j fu£n"V LFkku ij fyf[k, %
1- 'kksj epkus okyk og vkt ugha vk;kA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) vkt ugha vk;k (iii) 'kksj epkus okyk og
(ii) 'kksj epkus okyk (iv) og vkt ugha vk;k
2- og /kks[ksckÊk lcdks /kks[kk nsrk gSA ---------------------------------------------------------

(i) /kks[kk nsrk gS (iii) lcdks /kks[kk nsrk gS
(ii) og /kks[ksckÊk (iv) /kks[ksckÊk lcdks /kks[kk nsrk gS
3- b/kj&m/kj ?kweus okys rqe dksbZ dke D;kas ugha djrs\ ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) b/kj&m/kj ?kweus (iii) dksbZ dke D;ksa ugha djrs
(ii) rqe dksbZ dke (iv) b/kj&m/kj ?kweus okys rqe
4- ogk° ekSÊkwn gj dksbZ g°l jgk FkkA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) g°l jgk Fkk (iii) ogk° ekSÊkwn gj dksbZ
(ii) dksbZ g°l jgk Fkk (iv) gj dksbZ g°l jgk Fkk
5- Nr ij [kM+k og irax mM+k jgk FkkA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) og irax (iii) og irax mM+k jgk Fkk
(ii) irax mM+k jgk Fkk (iv) Nr ij [kM+k og
6- ogk° ij [kM+k gj dksbZ viuk ;ksxnku nsuk pkg jgk FkkA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) viuk ;ksxnku nsuk (iii) ogk° ij [kM+k gj dksbZ viuk
(ii) ogk° ij [kM+k (iv) ogk° ij [kM+k gj dksbZ
V. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k inca/k Nk° V dj fyf[k, %
1- fnYyh tkus okyh xkM+h vHkh&vHkh LVs'ku ij vkbZ gSA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) tkus okyh xkM+h (iii) fnYyh tkus okyh xkM+h
(ii) LVs'ku ij vkbZ gS (iv) vHkh&vHkh LVs'ku ij
2- esjs firkth us eq>s cgqr laqnj ?kM+h migkj esa nhA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) esjs firkth us eq>s (iii) cgqr laqnj ?kM+h
(ii) migkj esa nh (iv) cgqr laqnj ?kM+h migkj esa nh
3- eSaus ,d lqanj yky ÝkWd [kjhnhA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) eSaus ,d lqanj (iii) ,d lqanj yky ÝkWd [kjhnh
(ii) yky ÝkWd [kjhnh (iv) ,d lqanj yky ÝkWd
4- dkys dq jrs okyk og vkneh pksj yxrk gSA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) vkneh pksj yxrk gS (iii) dkys dq jrs okyk og
(ii) dkys dq jrs okyk (iv) og vkneh pksj yxrk gS
5- esjs pkpkth cM+s usd vkSj fon~oku gSaA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) esjs pkpkth (iii) cM+s usd vkSj fon~oku gSa
(ii) fon~oku gSa (iv) cM+s usd vkSj fon~oku
6- esjh fnYyh okyh cguth dy vk,°xhA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) esjh fnYyh (iii) esjh fnYyh okyh cguth
(ii) esjh fnYyh okyh (iv) cguth dy vk,°xh
inca / k 13
VI. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fØ;k inca/k Nk°Vdj fyf[k, %

fuEufyf[kr
1- f'k[kk izfrfnu i<+kbZ djus esjs ?kj vk tkrh gSA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) izfrfnu i<+kbZ djus (iii) esjs ?kj vk tkrh gS
(ii) vk tkrh gS (iv) f'k[kk izfrfnu i<+kbZ djus
2- :is'k fcuk # cksyrk pyk x;kA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) :is'k fcuk # (iii) fcuk #
(ii) pyk x;k (iv) cksyrk pyk x;k
3- cPps [ksydj lks x,A ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) cPps lks x, (iii) [ksydj lks x,
(ii) cPps [ksydj (iv) lks x,
4- esjh cgu gsek xquxqukrh gqbZ tk jgh gSA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) esjh cgu gsek (iii) xquxqukrh gqbZ tk jgh gS
(ii) gsek xquxqukrh gqbZ (iv) cgu gsek xquxqukrh
5- firkth xhrk i<+ jgs gSaA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) firkth xhrk (iii) firkth xhrk i<+
(ii) i<+ jgs gSa (iv) xhrk i<+ jgs gSa
6- Hk°ojs Qw yksa ij e°Mjk jgs gSaA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) Hk°ojs Qw yksa ij (iii) Qw yksa ij e°Mjk jgs gSa
(ii) jgs gSa (iv) e°Mjk jgs gSa
VII. fuEufyf[kr okD;ks a es a ls vO;; inca / k Nk° V dj fyf[k, %
1- og viuh dkj cgqr rsÊk xfr ls pykrk gSA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) og viuh dkj (iii) pykrk gS
(ii) viuh dkj (iv) cgqr rsÊk xfr
2- os uhps okys dejs esa Í;ku yxkdj i<+rs gSaA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) Í;ku yxkdj i<+rs gSa (iii) i<+rs gSa
(ii) uhps okys dejs (iv) dejs esa i<+rs gSa
3- jksgu rsÊk cksyrs&cksyrs gk°Qus yxkA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) gk°Qus yxk (iii) cksyrs&cksyrs gk°Qus yxk
(ii) rsÊk cksyrs&cksyrs (iv) jksgu rsÊk cksyrs&cksyrs
4- caxys pkjksa vksj daVhyh >kM+h gSA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) caxys (iii) daVhyh >kM+h gS
(ii) caxys pkjksa vksj (iv) pkjksa vksj daVhyh >kM+h gSS
5- cl cgqr /kheh xfr ls py jgh FkhA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) cgqr /kheh xfr (iii) /kheh xfr ls py jgh Fkh
(ii) cl cgqr /kheh xfr (iv) xfr ls py jgh Fkh
6- esjs nknkth /khjs&/khjs pyrs gSaA ---------------------------------------------------------
(i) /khjs&/khjs pyrs (iii) /khjs&/khjs
(ii) esjs nknkth (iv) /khjs&/khjs pyrs gSa
VIII. fuEufyf[kr okD;ks a es a js [ kka f dr inca / kks a Hks n fu£n"V LFkku ij fyf[k, %
1- ?kj ls Hkkx dj vk;k gqvk yM+dk idM+k x;kA --------------------------------------------
2- fnu&jkr ifjJe djus okys l¤y gks tkrs gSaA --------------------------------------------
3- esjh cM+h cgu chekj gSA --------------------------------------------
4- rqEgkjh lkM+h cgqr laqnj gSA --------------------------------------------
5- tujy lkgc dk ckophZ vk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------
6- og yikrh dh leqnzh pV~Vku ij igq°p x;kA --------------------------------------------
7- xkM+h ikuh esa Mwcrh pyh xbZA --------------------------------------------
8- xaxk&;equk okyk ns'k Hkkjr gh gSA --------------------------------------------
9- og cgqr Êkksj ls cksyrk gSA --------------------------------------------
10- ikSus nks ?kaVs ckn iqfyl vkbZA --------------------------------------------
11- os LoHkko ls cM+s v/;;u'khy FksA --------------------------------------------
12- ty ls Hkjh jgus okyh unh lw[k xbZA --------------------------------------------
13- nqdkuksa ls Å°?krs gq, psgjs ckgj >k°A --------------------------------------------
14- yky ckyksa okyk ,d flikgh pyk vk jgk FkkA --------------------------------------------
15- ,d dq Rrk rhu Vk°xksa cy jsxa rk pyk vk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------
16- ;g lqjthr ges'kk dksbZ&u&dksbZ 'kjkjr djrk jgrk gSA --------------------------------------------
17- ?kksalys esa jgus okyh fpfM+;k mM+ xbZA --------------------------------------------
18- jkr esa HkkSadus okyk dq Rrk ej x;kA --------------------------------------------
19- og nkSM+rs&nkSM+rs Fkd x;kA --------------------------------------------
20- nf{k.k ls mRrj rd Hkkjr ,d gSA --------------------------------------------
21- ges'kk 'kksj djus okyk og vkt 'kkar FkkA --------------------------------------------
22- esjs cukjl okys fe= us ;g iqLrd Hksth gSA --------------------------------------------
23- fon~;ky; ikdZ ikl gSA --------------------------------------------
24- cM+h&cM+h xIisa gk°dus okys rqe dgk° pys x, Fks\ --------------------------------------------
25- nw/k dk tyk vkneh NkN Hkh Qw° d dj ihrk gSA --------------------------------------------
inca / k 15
IX. fuEufyf[kr okD;ks a es a inca / k dks js [ kka f dr djs a vkS j mldk Hks n crk,° µ
1- gekjs ?kj pkjksa vksj isM+ gh isM+ gSaA --------------------------------------------
2- xhrk dk mins'k nsus okys vki vkt ?kcjk, gq, D;ksa gSa\ --------------------------------------------
3- jksÊk ;ksxkH;kl djus okys rqe chekj dS ls gks x,\ --------------------------------------------
4- 'kjkc&flxjsV dk mi;ksx djus okys dh laxfr ls cpksA --------------------------------------------
5- tks vkSjr dy ?kj ij vkbZ Fkh og mldh cqvk FkhA --------------------------------------------
6- lHkh iz'uksa dk mRrj nsus okys pqu fy, x, gSaA --------------------------------------------
7- cPps us f[kykSuk rksM+ fn;k gSA --------------------------------------------
8- ml 'kgj ikl gh vke dk cxhpk gSA --------------------------------------------
9- xaxk fdukjs cSBuk vPNk yxrk gSA --------------------------------------------
10- jksÊk cxhps eas [ksyus okys cPps vkt ugha vk,A --------------------------------------------
11- og i<+rs&i<+rs lks x;kA --------------------------------------------
12- esgur u djus dkj.k og ijh{kk esa vuqRrh.kZ gks x;kA --------------------------------------------
13- vki NksVs cPps us esjk 'kh'kk rksM+ fn;kA --------------------------------------------
14- og xkrk gqvk pyk tk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------
15- xkM+h esa ihNs cSBs lTtu esjs firkth gSaA --------------------------------------------
16- fgeky; ls dU;kdq ekjh rd fganh dk izpkj gSA --------------------------------------------
17- pksjh djus okys rqe dHkh lq[kh ugha jgksxsA --------------------------------------------
18- egkRek xka/kh tSls vfgalkoknh yksx dgk° gksrs gSa\ --------------------------------------------
19- js[kk tYnh ?kj vk xbZ FkhA --------------------------------------------
20- nknkth jkek;.k i<+ jgs gSaA --------------------------------------------
21- usoys us lk°i dks ekj MkykA --------------------------------------------
22- dksbZ yM+dk cqyk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------
23- ges'kk g°lus okyh xhrk vkt 'kkar gSA --------------------------------------------
24- og cspkjh chekj fxj iM+hA --------------------------------------------
25- yksgs dh vyekjh esa lkeku j[k nksA --------------------------------------------

okD;&:ikarj.k 15
cksMZ dh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x, ikB~;iqLrd ij vk/kkfjr okD; %

ljy okD;
1- esjs chekj gksus ij rqEgkjs gkFk&ik°o Qw y tk,°xsA
2- mlus ?kj tkdj x`gdk;Z iwjk fd;kA
3- vius Åij iSnk gqvk fo'okl fQj yqIr gks x;kA
4- dbZ ckj eq>s Mk°Vus dk volj feyus ij Hkh cM+s HkkbZ lkgc pqi jgsA
5- yM+dksa dk ,d >qaM irax ihNs&ihNs nkSM+k pyk vk jgk FkkA
6- HkkbZ lkgc us mNydj irax dh Mksj idM+ yhA
7- os gjne fdrkcsa [kksydj vÍ;;u djrs jgrs FksA
8- eksuqeSaV uhps >aMk Qgjkus ckn Lora=rk dh izfrKk i<+h tk,xhA
9- vfouk'k >aMk Qgjkrs le; mUgsa fxj»rkj dj fy;k x;kA
10- idM+s x, vknfe;ksa dh la[;k dk irk ugha pykA
11- ogk° okysafV;j vius LFkku ls ykfB;k° iM+us ij Hkh gVrs ugha FksA
12- lqHkk"k ckcw dks idM+dj yky ckÊkkj ykWd&vi esa Hkst fn;k x;kA
13- yksx Vksfy;k° cukdj eSnku esa ?kweus yxsA
14- fudksckj n~ohi foHkDr gksus dh ,d yksddFkk vkt Hkh nksgjkbZ tkrh gSA
15- leqnz ls pydj BaMh c;kj rrk°jk dks Nw jgh FkhA
16- rrk¡jk dks ns[krs gh okehjks iwQV&iwQV dj jksus yxhA
17- rrk¡jk dh O;koqQy vk¡[ksa okehjks dks <w¡<us esa O;Lr FkhaA
18- rrk°jk us foo'k gksdj vkxzg fd;kA
19- okehjks ls feyus ckn rrk°jk thou esa ifjorZu vk;kA
20- vius lkeus ,d laqnj ;qod dks ns[kdj okehjks fofLer gqbZA
21- dbZ lkyksa ls cM+s&cM+s fcYMj leanj dks ihNs /ky dj mldh Êkehu dks gfFk;k jgs FksA
22- ,d ckj fcYyh us mpddj nks esa ls ,d vaMk rksM+ fn;kA
23- dcwrj dHkh fdlh phÊk dks fxjkdj rksM+ nsrs gSaA
24- v°xhBh lqyxkdj ml ij pk;nkuh j[khA
25- ,d eghus esa iwjk gksus okyk dke ,d fnu esa gh iwjk djus dk iz;kl djus yxsA
26- egar dh fpduh&pqiM+h ckrksa Hkhrj dh lPpkbZ Hkh vc og tku x, FksA
27- dkdk dks ca/kueqDr dj eq°g ls diM+s fudkys x,A
28- gfjgj dkdk gkFk&ik°o ck°/kdj mu eq°g esa diM+k B°wl fn;k x;kA
29- xk°o cPpksa us rks Bkdq jckjh dh vksj tkuk gh can dj fn;k FkkA
30- can dejksa dks Hkh [kksydj ns[kk x;k FkkA
31- Bkdq jckjh [kqys dejksa dh ryk'kh igys ys yh xbZ FkhA
32- mu ikl nsj rd cSBus ij Hkh mUgksaus eq>ls dksbZ ckrphr ugha dhA
33- xqLls esa ?kj ls fudydj og [kfygku dh vksj tk jgs FksA
34- Ldwy dh fiVkbZ dk Mj c<+us yxrkA
35- b»¤u nknk vkSj ijnknk cgqr izfln~/k ekSyoh FksA
16 izHkkr O;kdj.k-v;u] d{kk nloha ^ch*
la;qDr okD;
1- eSa bruk Fkd x;k Fkk fd py Hkh ugha ik jgk FkkA
2- HkkbZ lkgc us mNydj irax dh Mksj idM+ yh vkSj Nk=kokl dh vksj nkSM+ iM+sA
3- lkykuk bfErgku gqvk vkSj HkkbZ lkgc Qs y gks x,A
4- lqHkk"k ckcw dks idM+k vkSj xkM+h esa ykyckÊkkj ykWdvi esa Hkst fn;kA
5- iqfyl us fL=;ksa dks idM+k vkSj ykyckÊkkj Hkst fn;kA
6- nks lkS vknfe;ksa dk tqywl yky ckÊkkj x;k vkSj ogk° ij fxj»rkj gks x;kA
7- vpkud okehjks dq N lpsr gqbZ vkSj ?kj dh rjQ nkSM+ iM+hA
8- uwg us mldh ckr lquh vkSj nq[kh gks jksrs jgsA
9- v°xhBh lqyxkbZ vkSj ml ij pk;nkuh j[k nhA
10- gfjgj dkdk Êkehu ij yq<+drs gq, njokÊks rd igq°ps vkSj iSj ls njokÊks ij /kDdk yxk;kA
11- iqfyl us o`n~/k lk/kq ls gfjgj dkdk ckjs esa iwNk ysfdu mlus dq N Hkh crkus ls badkj dj fn;kA
12- eSa mu ikl nsj rd cSBk ijarq mUgksaus eq>ls dksbZ ckr ugha dhA
13- dS lh gok,° py jgh gSa vkSj ijaijkvksa isM+ ij dS ls Qy vk jgs gSaA
14- eSa rks ,d dFkkdkj gw° vkSj ,d dFkk lquk jgk gw°A
feJ okD;
1- vki tks dq N dg jgs gSa og fcydq y lp gSA
2- tks #i, nknk Hkstrs gSa] mls ge chl&ckbZl rd [kpZ dj Mkyrs gSaA
3- tks dq N dgrk gw° mls fxjg ck°f/k,A
4- tks vkius dgk] og eSaus lqu fy;kA
5- tc lqHkk"k ckcw dks idM+k rc xkM+h esa ykyckÊkkj Hkst fn;kA
6- tc Bhd pkj ctdj nl feuV gq, rc lqHkk"k ckcw tqywl ysdj vk,A
7- dgk tkuk pkfg, fd ;g lHkk ,d vksiu pSysat FkhA
8- tSls gh eSnku eksM+ ij igq°ps] oSls gh iqfyl us ykfB;k° cjlkuh 'kq: dj nhaA
9- tks okysafV;j ogk° x, Fks os vius LFkku ls ykfB;k° iM+us ij Hkh gVrs ugha FksA
10- ,slh lHkk igys ugha dh xbZ Fkh] ftlesa [kqyk pSysat fn;k x;k gksA
11- xk;u bruk izHkkoh Fkk fd og viuh lq/k&cq/k [kksus yxkA
12- Xokfy;j esa gekjk tks edku Fkk] ml edku nkyku esa nks jks'kunku FksA
13- tkiku esa pk; ihus dh ,d fofèk gS ftls ^pk&uks&;w* dgrs gSaA
14- tks ,d ukSdj j[k fy;k gS] ogh cukrk&f[kykrk gSA
15- gfjgj dkdk us Bkdq jckjh egar] iqtkjh vkSj lk/kqvksa dh tks dkyh djrwrsa Fkha mudk inkZQk'k djuk
'kq: fd;kA
16- tc iqfyl us o`n~/k lk/kq ls gfjgj dkdk ckjs esa iwNk rc mlus dq N Hkh crkus ls badkj dj fn;kA
17- Bkdq jckjh tks dejs [kqys Fks] mudh ryk'kh igys ls gh ys yh xbZ FkhA
18- tks can dejs Fks mUgsa Hkh [kksydj ns[kk x;k FkkA
19- tc NqV~fV;k° chrus yxrha rks fnu fxuus yxrsA
20- tc b»¤u pkSFkh esa i<+rk Fkk rc Vksih ls mldh nksLrh gks pqdh FkhA
okD;&:ikarj.k 17
vH;kl-iz'u
I. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa feJ okD; esa :ikarfjr :i Nk°Vdj fu£n"V LFkku ij fyf[k, %
fuEufyf[kr
1- rqe tkvks vkSj lqjs'k dks cqykvksA -----------------
(i) rqe tkdj lqjs'k dks cqykvksA (iii) rqe tkvks ;k lqjs'k dks cqykvksA
(ii) tc rqe tkvks] lqjs'k dks cqykvksA (iv) rqe tkvks rFkk lqjs'k dks cqykvksA
2- lksgu vk;kA eksgu py fn;kA -----------------
(i) lksgu vkus ij eksgu py fn;kA (iii) tSls gh lksgu vk;k] oSls gh eksgu py fn;kA
(ii) lksgu vk;k vkSj eksgu py fn;kA (iv) lksgu vk;k] eksgu py fn;kA
3- og ukprk gSA og xkrk Hkh gSA -----------------
(i) og ukprk vkSj xkrk gSA (iii) tks ukprk gS] oks xkrk gSA
(ii) og ukprk gS vkSj oks xkrk Hkh gSA (iv) tc og ukprk gS] rc og xkrk Hkh gSA
4- Nk=ksa us ifjJe fd;kA os mRrh.kZ gks x,A -----------------
(i) mRrh.kZ gksus okys Nk= ifjJeh FksA (iii) tc Nk=ksa us ifjJe fd;k rc os mRrh.kZ gks x,A
(ii) ifjJe djus okys Nk= mRrh.kZ gks x,A (iv) ifjJeh Nk= mRrh.kZ gks x,A
5- la/;k gksrs gh og pyh xbZA -----------------
(i) tSls gh la/;k gqbZ] og pyh xbZA (iii) la/;k gqbZ rFkk og pyh xbZA
(ii) la/;k gqbZ vkSj og pyh xbZA (iv) la/;k gqbZ blfy, og pyh xbZA
6- HkkbZ lkgc us irax idM+h vkSj nkSM+ iM+sA -----------------
(i) HkkbZ lkgc irax idM+dj nkSM+ iM+sA (iii) HkkbZ lkgc us irax idM+h blfy, nkSM+ iM+sA
(ii) HkkbZ lkgc us irax idM+h rFkk nkSM+ iM+sA (iv) tc HkkbZ lkgc us irax idM+h rc nkSM+ iM+sA
7- ea=h cuus ij Hkh mldk O;ogkj iwoZor~ gSA -----------------
(i) ea=h cudj Hkh mldk O;ogkj iwoZor~ gSA
(ii) tc fd og ea=h cu x;k rc Hkh mldk O;ogkj iwoZor~ gSA
(iii) og ea=h cuk vkSj O;ogkj esa iwoZor~ gSA
(iv) ea=h cuus ckn Hkh mldk O;ogkj ugha cnykA
8- eSa ¤ksu ls lwfpr dj nw°xk vkSj [kcj fHktok nw°xkA -----------------
(i) eSa ¤ksu ls lwfpr dj nw°xk ;k [kcj fHktok nw°xkA
(ii) eSa ¤ksu ls lwfpr dj nw°xk rFkk [kcj fHktok nw°xkA
(iii) tc eSa ¤ksu ls lwfpr dj nw°xk] rc [kcj fHktok nw°xkA
(iv) eSa ¤ksu ls lwfpr dj [kcj fHktok nw°xkA
9- NksVs HkkbZ us cM+s HkkbZ dh yrkM+ lquh vkSj vk°lw cgkus yxkA -----------------
(i) NksVs HkkbZ us cM+s HkkbZ dh yrkM+ lquh rFkk vk°lw cgkus yxkA
(ii) tc NksVs HkkbZ us cM+s HkkbZ dh yrkM+ lquh rc vk°lw cgkus yxkA
(iii) NksVs HkkbZ us cM+s HkkbZ dh yrkM+ lquh blfy, vk°lw cgkus yxkA
(iv) cM+s HkkbZ dh yrkM+ lqudj NksVk HkkbZ vk°lw cgkus yxkA
10- jkr nl ctsA eSaus i<+uk can dj fn;kA -----------------
(i) jkr nl cts vkSj eSaus i<+uk can dj fn;kA
(ii) jkr nl cts eSaus i<+uk can dj fn;kA
(iii) T;ksagh jkr nl cts R;ksagh eSaus i<+uk can dj fn;kA
(iv) tc jkr nl cts rc eSaus i<+uk can dj fn;kA
11- yksx Vksfy;k° cukdj eSnku dh vksj py iM+sA -----------------

(i) yksxksa us Vksfy;k° cukb± vkSj eSnku dh vksj py iM+sA
(ii) tc yksxksa us Vksfy;k° cukb± rc eSnku dh vksj py iM+sA
(iii) Vksfy;k° cukdj yksx eSnku dh vksj py iM+sA
(iv) yksxksa us Vksfy;k° cukb± blfy, eSnku dh vksj py iM+sA
12- ml yM+ dks cqykvksA mlus yky dehÊk iguh gSA -----------------
(i) ml yM+ dks cqykvks ysfdu mlus yky dehÊk iguh gSA
(ii) ml yM+ dks dgks fd yky dehÊk igudj vk,A
(iii) ml yM+ dks cqykvks D;ksafd mlus yky dehÊk iguh gSA
(iv) ml yM+ dks cqykvks ftlus yky dehÊk iguh gSA
13- 'kfuokj dks ge lc ?kweus pysaxsA -----------------
(i) 'kfuokj dk fnu vk,xk vkSj ge lc ?kweus pysaxsA
(ii) tc 'kfuokj dk fnu vk,xk rc ge lc ?kweus pysaxsA
(iii) tc gh 'kfuokj vk,xk] rc ge lc ?kweus pysasxsA
(iv) 'kfuokj vkrs gh ge lc ?kweus pysaxsA
14- NqV~Vh dh ?kaVh ctrs gh lc Nk= pys x,A -----------------
(i) NqV~Vh dh ?kaVh cth vkSj lc Nk= pys x,A
(ii) lc Nk= pys x, D;ksafd NqV~Vh dh ?kaVh cth FkhA
(iii) tSls gh NqV~Vh dh ?kaVh cth oSls gh lc Nk= pys x,A
(iv) NqV~Vh dh ?kaVh cth blfy, lc Nk= pys x,A
15- eSa d{kk esa izFke LFkku izkIr djuk pkgrk gw°A -----------------
(i) eSa pkgrk gw° fd eSa d{kk esa izFke LFkku izkIr d:°A
(ii) eSa pkgrk gw° vkSj eSa d{kk esa izFke LFkku izkIr d:°xkA
(iii) eSa d{kk esa izFke LFkku izkIr d:°xkA
(iv) eq>s d{kk esa izFke LFkku izkIr djuk gSA
II. fuEufyf[kr okD;ks a l laa;qDr okD; esa :ikarfjr :i Nk°Vdj fyf[k, %
1- I;kyk fxjdj VwV x;kA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) tc I;kyk fxjk] VwV x;kA (iii) tSls gh I;kyk fxjk] VwV x;kA
(ii) I;kyk fxjk vkSj VwV x;kA (iv) I;kyk VwV x;k fxjdjA
2- ogk° ,d xk°o pkjksa vksj taxy FkkA ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) ogk° xk°o pkjksa vksj ,d taxy FkkA (iii) ogk° tks ,d xk°o Fkk ml pkjksa vksj taxy FkkA
(ii) ml xk°o pkjksa vksj taxy FkkA (iv) ogk° ,d xk°o Fkk vkSj ml pkjksa vksj taxy FkkA
3- nfj;k ij tkdj mls lyke djksA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) tc nfj;k ij tkvks rc mls lyke djksA (iii) tSls gh nfj;k ij tkvks] mls lyke djksA
(ii) nfj;k ij tkvks vkSj mls lyke djksA (iv) nfj;k ij tkrs gh mls lyke djksA
okD;&:ikarj.k 19
4- og lkbfdy ls Vdjk;kA og fxj x;kA ------------------------------------------------------------------------

(i) og lkbfdy ls Vdjk;k vkSj fxj x;kA (iii) og lkbfdy ls vk;k gS vkSj Vdjk;k vkSj fxj x;kA
(ii) og lkbfdy ls Vdjkrk gS vkSj fxj tkrk gSA (iv) mi;qZDr lHkh
5- og diM+s [kjhnus fy, ckÊkkj x;kA -------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) og ckÊkkj x;k vkSj diM+s [kjhnsA (iii) mls diM+s [kjhnus Fks blfy, og ckÊkkj x;kA
(iii) tSls gh og ckÊkkj x;k mlus diM+s [kjhnsA (iv) tc og ckÊkkj x;k rc mlus diM+s [kjhnsA
6- og dejs esa cSBdj i<+us yxkA -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) tc og dejs esa cSBk] i<+us yxkA (iii) og dejs esa cSBk vkSj i<+us yxkA
(ii) dejs esa cSBrs gh og i<+us yxkA (iv) tSls gh og dejs esa cSBk] i<+us yxkA
7- eSaus ,d cdjh ns[kh tks cgqr deÊkksj FkhA ---------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) eSaus ,d deÊkksj cdjh ns[khA (iii) eSua s ,d cdjh ns[kh ysfdu og cgqr deÊkksj FkhA
(ii) eSaus ,d cgqr gh deÊkksj cdjh ns[khA (iv) eSua s ftl cdjh dks ns[kk og cgqr deÊkksj FkhA
8- okehjks lpsr gksdj ?kj dh rjQ nkSM+hA --------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) okehjks lpsr gqbZ vkSj ?kj dh rjQ nkSM+hA (iii) tSls gh okehjks lpsr gqbZ] ?kj dh rjQ nkSM+hA
(ii) okehjks lpsr gksrs gh] ?kj dh rjQ nkSM+hA (iv) tc okehjks lpsr gqbZ] ?kj dh rjQ nkSM+hA
9- vkxs cf<+,A iqjLdkj izkIr dhft,A ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) tks vkxs c<+sxk og iqjLdkj izkIr djsxkA (iii) vkxs c<+us okys dks gh iqjLdkj izkIr gksrk gSA
(ii) iqjLdkj izkIr djuk gS rks vkxs cf<+,A (iv) vkxs cf<+, vkSj iqjLdkj izkIr dhft,A
10- ;g fdrkc esjh NksVh cgu dh gSA eSa rqEgsa ugha ns ldrhA ---------------------------------------------------
;g fdrkc esjh NksVh cgu dh gS blfy, eSa rqEgsa ugha ns ldrhA
(i)
esjh NksVh cgu dh fdrkc gksus dkj.k eSa rqEgsa ugha ns ldrhA
(ii)
tks fdrkc esjh NksVh cgu dh gS] mls eSa rqEgsa ugha ns ldrhA
(iii)
(iv);g fdrkc esjh NksVh cgu dh gS vkSj eSa rqEgsa ugha ns ldrhA
11- eSaus lksuw dks ns[kkA eSa ml ij eksfgr gks x;kA ------------------------------------------------------------------
eSaus lksuw dks ns[kk vkSj ml ij eksfgr gks x;kA
(i)
lksuw dks ns[krs gh eSa ml ij eksfgr gks x;kA
(ii)
tSls gh eSaus lksuw dks ns[kk oSls gh ml ij eksfgr gks x;kA
(ii)
eSa lksuw dks ns[krs gh eksfgr gks x;kA
(iv)
12- tc vfouk'k ckcw us >aMk xkM+k rc iqfyl us mudks idM+ fy;kA ----------------------------------------
(i) vfouk'k ckcw >aMk xkM+rs gh iqfyl us mudks idM+ fy;kA
(ii) tSls gh vfouk'k ckcw us >aMk xkM+k] iqfyl us mudks idM+ fy;kA
(iii) tc vfouk'k ckcw us >aMk xkM+k] iqfyl us mudks idM+ fy;kA
(iv) vfouk'k ckcw us >aMk xkM+k vkSj iqfyl us mudks idM+ fy;kA
III. jpuk vk/kkj ij okD; dk iz d kj Nk° V dj fyf[k, %
1- tc og [ksy&dw n pqdk rks i<+us yxkA -----------------------------------
(i) ljy okD; (ii) la;qDr okD; (iii) feJ okD;
2- lw;Z mxk vkSj va/ksjk u"V gqvkA -----------------------------------
3- eSaus ml O;fDr dks ns[kk tks cgqr nqcyk&iryk FkkA -----------------------------------
4- pksj us ?kj yksxksa dks ns[kk vkSj f[kld x;kA -----------------------------------
5- firkth izkr% pk; ihrs gSa vkSj lk;adky Qy [kkrs gSaA -----------------------------------
6- og fon~oku gS vkSj fon~okuksa dk vknj lc txg gksrk gSA -----------------------------------
7- tSls gh og LVs'ku igq°pk] xkM+h py iM+hA -----------------------------------
8- og Hkkxk vkSj igys igq°p x;kA -----------------------------------
9- 'kknh ij eSa tkÅ°xk vFkok esjk HkkbZA -----------------------------------
10- eSaus ,d vkneh ns[kk tks cgqr chekj FkkA -----------------------------------
11- tSls gh lqcg gqbZ] oSls gh eSa ?kj ls ckgj vk x;kA -----------------------------------
12- tks xjhc vkneh gS] og eg°xs diM+s ugha igu ldrkA -----------------------------------
13- tc vlQy gks x, rks 'kksd djuk O;FkZ gSA -----------------------------------
14- rqe vkvks vkSj ekrk th LokLF; ckjs esa crkvksA -----------------------------------
15- izkr%dky gqvk vkSj fpfM+;k° pgpgkus yxhaA -----------------------------------
16- eSaus ,d nqcys&irys O;fDr dks ns[kk tks Hkh[k ek°x jgk FkkA -----------------------------------
17- eq>s ekywe Fkk fd og ugha vk,xhA -----------------------------------
18- rqe tkvks vkSj lqjs'k dks cqykvksA -----------------------------------
okD;&:ikarj.k 21
19- og ,sls jks jgh Fkh tSls cPps jksrs gSaA -----------------------------------
20- eSaus lhrk dks i<+us fy, dgk ysfdu og ugha i<+hA -----------------------------------
21- lwjt fudy vk;k vkSj rqe vHkh rd ugha mBsA -----------------------------------
22- pk°n fudy vk;k vkSj rkjs fVefVekus yxsA -----------------------------------
23- usgk us dgk fd og vkSj vf/kd ifjJe djsxhA -----------------------------------
24- Lusgk ifjJeh gS vkSj og lnk izFke LFkku izkIr djrh gSA -----------------------------------
25- eq>s ,slh iRuh pkfg, tks ljdkjh ukSdjh djrh gksA -----------------------------------
26- dkSvk isM+ ij cSBk vkSj dk°o&dk°o djus yxkA -----------------------------------
27- jek FkksM+k #dh vkSj rsÊkh ls fudy xbZA -----------------------------------
28- esjk ,d nksLr gS tks vki firkth dks tkurk gSA -----------------------------------
29- ijh{kk lekIr gqbZ vkSj ge ?kj pys x,A -----------------------------------
30- cPps us nw/k fi;k vkSj [ksyus pyk x;kA -----------------------------------
31- jfookj dk fnu vk,xk rks ge i<+saxsA -----------------------------------
32- eSaus ,d cdjh ns[kh tks cgqr deÊkksj gSA -----------------------------------
33- tgk° igys ljk; Fkh vc ogk° vLirky gSA -----------------------------------
34- [ksyrk gqvk cPpk isM+ ls Vdjk;k vkSj fxj x;kA -----------------------------------
35- etnwjksa us dke lekIr fd;k vkSj pys x,A -----------------------------------
36- og i<+rk Hkh gS vkSj [ksyrk Hkh gSA -----------------------------------
xr ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x, lekl
1- vO;;hHkko lekl
lekl&foxzg laca/kh iz'u
1- ;FkklaHkoµftruk laHko gks 4- ;Fkk'kfDrµ'kfDr vuqlkj
2- fuMjµMj fcuk 5- vkej.kµej.k rd
3- HkjisVµisV Hkj 6- ;Fkkle;µle; vuqlkj
leLrin cukus laca/kh iz'u
1- tc rd thou gSµvkthou 3- tYnh gh tYnhµcgqr tYnh
2- fcuk lgkjs µcslgkjk 4- /khjs gh /khjsµcgqr /khjs
2- rRiq#"k lekl
1- dq yJs"B µdq y esa Js"B 10- jkg[kpZµjkg fy, [kpZ
2- dq y&ijaijkµdq y dh ijaijk 11- fon~;ky;µ fon~;k fy, vky;
3- ns'kHkfDrµns'k fy, HkfDr 12- iqLrdky;µiqLrd dk vky;
4- fon~;kHkaMkjµfon~;k dk HkaMkj 13- 'kj.kkxrµ'kj.k esa vkxr
5- i= O;ogkjµi= dk O;ogkj 14- gfjdhrZuµgfj dk dhrZu
6- d{kk vÍ;kidµd{kk dk vÍ;kid 15- 'kksdeuµ'kksd esa eu
7- ns'knzksgµns'k ls nzksg 16- vkRe=k.kµvkRek dk =k.k
8- ijksidkjµij ¼nwljs½ ij midkj 17- xaxktyµxaxk dk ty
9- vkRej{kkµvkRe ¼Lo;a½ dh j{kk 18- ekr`HkDrµekrk dk HkDr
1- nku fy, ik=µnkuik= 8- ¯prk ls jfgrµ¯prkjfgr
2- dyk dk eeZKµdykeeZK 9- iz;ksx fy, 'kkykµiz;ksx'kkyk
3- j?kq dk oa'kµj?kqoa'k 10- ca/ku ls eqDrµca/kueqDr
4- xzke esa oklµxzkeokl 11- izse esa eXuµiszeeXu
5- lw;Z dh fdj.kµlw;Zfdj.k 12- ?kksM+s ij tks lokj gSµ?kqM+lokj
6- deZ dk QyµdeZQy 13- vkjke fy, dq lhZµvkjkedq lhZ
7- U;k; fy, vky;µU;k;ky; 14- tu dk fgrµtufgr
3- deZ/kkj; lekl
1- v"Vfln~f/kµv"V gSa tks fln~f/k;k° 6- iRFkjfnyµiRFkj leku fny
2- 'kqHkkxeuµ'kqHk gS tks vkxeu 7- egkRekµegku gS tks vkRek
3- vdkye`R;qµvdky gS tks e`R;q 8- 'osrdeyµ'osr gS tks dey
4- panzeq[kµpanz leku eq[k 9- nh?kZek=kµnh?kZ gS tks ek=k
5- ureLrdµur gS tks eLrd 10- lTtuµlr~ gS tks tu
1- uhyk gS tks deyµuhydey 2- ihyk gS tks vacjµihrkacj
'kCn jpuk % lekl
'kCn-jpuk 23
3- dey leku u;uµdeyu;u 9- uhyk gS tks xxuµuhyxxu
4- egku gS tks uk;dµegkuk;d 10- egku gS tks tuµegktu
5- 'osr gS tks vacjµ'osrkacj 11- vf/kd gS tks va'kµvf/kdka'k
6- e/kqj gSa tks opuµe/kqj&opu 12- va/kh gS tks HkfDrµva/kHkfDr
7- okn~; gS tks ;a=µokn~;&;a= 13- 'kqHk gS tks fnuµ'kqHkfnu
8- e/kqj gS tks Qyµe/kqj Qy 14- lq ¼vPNk½ gS tks tuµlTtu
4- n~foxq lekl
1- lIr£"kµlkr _f"k;ksa dk lewg 3- 'krkCnhµlkS vCnksa dk lekgkj
2- lIrinhµlkr inksa dk lewg 4- iapoVhµik°p oVksa dk lewg
leLrin cukus laca/kh iz'u 1- rhu Hkqtkvksa dk lewgµf=Hkqt
5- cgqozhfg lekl
1- pØ/kjµpØ dks /kkj.k djus okys vFkkZr~ fo".kq 2- fxfj/kjµfxfj dks /kkj.k djus okys vFkkZr~ —".k
1- e`x leku u;u gSa ftlµe`xu;uh ¼L=h fo'ks"k½ 3- pkj eq[k gSa ftl vFkkZr~ czg~ekthµprqeZq[k
2- panz leku eq[k gS ftldkµpanzeq[kh ¼L=h fo'ks"k½ 4- yack gS mnj ftldk ¼x.ks'k½µyacksnj
6- n~oan~o lekl
1- [kkuk&ihukµ[kkuk vkSj ihuk 4- ru&eu&/kuµru&eu vkSj /ku
2- mBrh&fxjrhµmBrh vkSj fxjrh 5- ru&euµru vkSj eu
3- thou&ej.kµthou vkSj ej.k 6- vuqdw y&izfrdw yµvuqdw y vkSj izfrdw y
1- rrk°jk vkSj okehjksµrrk°jk&okehjks 4- Qw y vkSj iRrsµQw y&iRrs
2- vkt ;k dyµvkt&dy 5- ?kj vkSj ifjokjµ?kj&ifjokj
3- vUu vkSj tyµvUu&ty 6- jkr vkSj fnuµjkr&fnu
/;ku jf[k, %
1. lekl ijLij laca/k j[kus okys nks ;k nks ls vf/kd inksa dk esy gksrk gSA
2. lekl pkj Hksn gSaµvO;;hHkko] rRiq#"k] cgqozhfg vkSj n~oan~o leklA
3. vO;;hHkko lekl esa iwoZin vO;; gksrk gS vkSj lekl djus ij iw.kZ in vO;; cu tkrk gSA
4. rRiq#"k lekl esa mRrj in iz/kku gksrk gS rFkk lekl djus ij laiw.kZ in vO;; cu tkrk gSA
5. deZ/kkj; lekl esa iwoZ ,oa mRrj in fo'ks"k.k-fo'ks"; rFkk mieku-mies; ;k mies;-mieku gksrs gSaA
6. n~foxq lekl esa iwoZin la[;kokph gksrk gSA
7. cgqozhfg lekl esa nksuksa in viz/kku gksus dkj.k dksbZ vU; in iz/kku gksrk gSA
8. lekl 'kCnksa dk lkFkZd esy gksrk gS tcfd laf/k esa o.kks± dk esy gksrk gSA
ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ rFkk lap;u Hkkx&2 esa iz;qDr lekl
1- vO;;hHkko lekl
1- mez&Hkjµrkmez 7- izk.kkardµizk.kksa var rd
2- ckj&ckjµcgqr ckj 8- izfrfnuµgj fnu
3- rjg&rjgµgj rjg ¼izdkj½ 9- ckoÊkwnµoÊkwn lfgr
4- cslq/kµfcuk lq/k 10- vlaxrµtks laxr ¼mfpr½ u gks
5- ukokfd¤µfcuk okfd¤ ¼tkudkjh½ 11- cspkjkµfcuk pkjs ¼mik;½
6- lk¤&lk¤µfcYdq y lk¤ 12- csn[kyµn[ky fcuk
2- rRiq#"k lekl
1- tUefln~/kµtUe ls fln~/k 29- 'kCn&jpukµ'kCn dh jpuk
2- Vkbe&VsfcyµVkbe dk Vscy 30- izkr%dkyµizkr% dk dky
3- HkweaMyµHkw dk eaMy 31- uke&fu'kkuµuke dk fu'kku
4- nhu&nqfu;kµnhu dh nqfu;k 32- Hk;HkhrµHk; ls Hkhr
5- dkafrghuµdkafr ls ghu 33- lR;kxzgµlR; dk vkxzg
6- Lora=rk fnolµLora=rk dk fnol 34- ?kqM+lokjµ?kksM+s ij lokj
7- Jn~/kkuanµJn~/kk dk vkuan 35- >aMksRloµ>aMs dk mRlo
8- yksddFkkµyksd dh dFkk 36- thoulkFkhµthou dk lkFkh
9- vk°pjfgrµvk°p ls jfgr 37- leqnzh pV~Vkuµleqnz dh pV~Vku
10- izrh{kkjrµizrh{kk esa jr 38- jhfr vuqlkjµjhfr vuqlkj
11- i'kq&ioZµi'kq dk ioZ 39- Hkw[kaMµHkw dk [kaM
12- euekukµeu ls ekuk 40- vkRedFkkµvkRe ¼Lo;a½ dh dFkk
13- lgu'kfDrµlgus dh 'kfDr 41- iwtk&LFkyµiwtk dk LFky
14- fnu&Hkjµiwjk fnu 42- euks#X.kµeu ls #X.k
15- i.kZdq Vhµi.kZ dh dq Vh 43- xfjekiw.kZµxfjek ls iw.kZ
16- eu%fLFkfrµeu dh fLFkfr 44- e>/kkjµ/kkj chp
17- lR;kxzgµlR; fy, vkxzg 45- ty&lekf/kµty esa lekf/k
18- LusgjfgrµLusg ls jfgr 46- Bkdq jckjhµBkdq j dh ckjh
19- nsoLFkkuµnso dk LFkku 47- HkfDr&HkkoukµHkfDr dh Hkkouk
20- Hk;o'kµHk; o'k 48- gfjdhrZuµgfj dk dhrZu
21- dFkkopuµdFkk dk opu 49- —f"k&dk;Zµ—f"k dk dk;Z
22- ifjfLFkfro'kµifjfLFkfr ds o'k 50- eksgHkaxµeksg ls Hkax
23- ;'kksxkuµ;'k dk xku 51- ¯prkeXuµ¯prk esa eXu
24- /keZ&ppkZµ/keZ dh ppkZ 52- rukoiw.kZµruko ls iw.kZ
25- nsoyksdµnso dk yksd 53- {kek&;kpukµ{kek dh ;kpuk
26- /keZ&ladVµ/keZ dk ladV 54- dk;Zdq 'kyµdk;Z esa dq 'ky
27- 'kqHk¯prdµ'kqHk dk ¯prd 55- ca/kueqDrµca/ku ls eqDr
28- tk;nknghuµtk;nkn ls ghu 56- gLrxrµgLr ls xr
'kCn jpuk % lekl
'kCn-jpuk 25
57- xq#n~okjkµxq# dk n~okjk 61- euksfoKkuµeu dk foKku
58- f'k{kk foHkkxµf'k{kk dk foHkkx 62- vkRelarqf"VµvkRe ¼viuh½ dh larqf"V
59- yksdksfDrµyksd dh mfDr 63- nsonklµnso dk nkl
60- dykeeZKµdyk dk eeZK 64- yksdfiz;µyksd esa fiz;
3- deZ/kkj; lekl
1- tkuysokµtku ysus okyk gS tks 10- lwfDr&ck.kµck.k :ih lwfDr
2- loZlk/kkj.kµlc tks gSa lk/kkj.k 11- ykyckÊkkjµyky gS tks ckÊkkj
3- egkHkkjrµegku gS tks Hkkjr 12- vuardkyµvuar gS tks dky
4- egknkuµegku gS tks nku 13- fxn~/k&n`f"Vµfxn~/k :ih n`f"V
5- fon~;ky;µfon~;k dk vky; 14- lLrk lkSnkµlLrk gS tks lkSnk
6- HkolkxjµHko :ih lkxj 15- ek;k&eksgµek;k :ih eksg
7- loksZR—"Vµlcls mR—"V gS tks 16- fouk'kyhykµfouk'k :ih yhyk
8- cn~nqvkµcn~ ¼cqjh½ gS tks nqvk 17- tho/kkjhµthou dks /kkj.k djus okyk gS tks
9- fu"ks/k&ijaijkµfu"ks/k ¼euk½ gS tks ijaijk 18- uez fuosnuµuezrk ls fd;k gS tks fuosnu
4- n~foxq lekl
1- pkjnhokjhµpkj nhokjksa dk lewg 3- nqxqukµnks xquk
2- pkSxqukµpkj xquk 4- nksigjhµnks igjksa dk lekgkj
5- cgqozhfg lekl
1- fo'kkydk;µfo'kky gS ftldh dk;k vFkkZr~ O;fDr fo'ks"k
2- jkbQy/kkjhµjkbQy dks /kkj.k djus okyk vFkkZr~ O;fDr fo'ks"k
3- eueksgdµeu dks eksgus okyk vFkkZr~ oLrq fo'ks"k
4- i'kqifrµi'kq dk ifr ¼Lokeh½ gS tks vFkkZr~ f'ko
6- n~oan~o lekl
1- vkl&iklµvkl ;k ikl 16- vkxs&ihNsµvkxs vkSj ihNs
2- eksVjdkjµeksVj vkSj dkj 17- g°l&[ksyµg°lh vkSj [ksy
3- [ksy&dw nµ[ksy vkSj dw n 18- mNy&dw nµmNy vkSj dw n
4- lq/k&cq/kµlq/k vkSj cq/k 19- u`R;&laxhrµu`R; vkSj laxhr
5- NksVs&cM+sµNksVs vkSj cM+s 20- [kk;k&fi;kµ[kk;k vkSj fi;k
6- lqcg&'kkeµlqcg vkSj 'kke 21- iwtk&ikBµiwtk vkSj ikB
7- ioZ&R;ksgkjµioZ ;k R;ksgkj 22- vUu&oL=µvUu vkSj oL=
8- dke&/kkeµdke vkSj /kke 23- uk'rk&[kkukµuk'rk vkSj [kkuk
9- i<+&fy[kµi<+ vkSj fy[k 24- pk°n&lwjtµpk°n vkSj lwjt
10- pgy&igyµpgy vkSj igy 25- lq[k&'kkafrµlq[k vkSj 'kkafr
11- [kkuk&uk'rkµ[kkuk vkSj uk'rk 26- lq[k&lqfo/kk,°µlq[k vkSj lqfo/kk,°
12- fpduh&pqiM+hµfpduh vkSj pqiM+h 27- ekjk&ihVkµekjk vkSj ihVk
13- ekSt&eLrhµekSt vkSj eLrh 28- nw/k&nghµnw/k vkSj ngh
14- [kkus&ihusµ[kkus vkSj ihus 29- mBrh&fxjrhµmBrh vkSj fxjrh
15- lk/kq&larµlk/kq vkSj lar 30- nl&chlµnl ;k chl
vH;kl-iz'u
I. fuEufyf[kr esa dkSu lk lekl gS fu£n"V LFkku ij fyf[k, %
1. egkohj (i) deZ/kkj; (ii) n~foxq (iii) rRiq#"k (iv) vO;;hHkko --------------
2- vkthou (i) vO;;hHkko (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) n~foxq (iv) deZ/kkj; --------------
3- fuMj (i) vO;;hHkko (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) n~foxq (iv) deZ/kkj; --------------
4- ioZriq= (i) rRiq#"k (ii) n~foxq (iii) vO;;hHkko (iv) deZ/kkj; --------------
5- v"Vfln~f/k (i) deZ/kkj; (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) n~foxq (iv) vO;;hHkko --------------
6- f=ykspu (i) deZ/kkj; (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) n~foxq (iv) cgqohz fg --------------
7- lk/kq&lar (i) deZ/kkj; (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) n~ona o
~ (iv) cgqohz fg --------------
8. jktnwr (i) deZ/kkj; (ii) n~foxq (iii) rRiq#"k (iv) vO;;hHkko --------------
9- /kwi&nhi (i) vO;;hHkko (ii) n~oan~o (iii) n~foxq (iv) deZ/kkj; --------------
10- Lusgexu (i) rRiq#"k (ii) n~foxq (iii) vO;;hHkko (iv) deZ/kkj; --------------
11- va/kdw i (i) deZ/kkj; (ii) n~foxq (iii) rRiq#"k (iv) cgqohz fg --------------
12- ir>M+ (i) n~oan~o (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) cgqohz fg (iv) vO;;hHkko --------------
13- ;FkklaHko (i) rRiq#"k (ii) n~foxq (iii) vO;;hHkko (iv) deZ/kkj; --------------
14- lrlbZ (i) vO;;hHkko (ii) n~oan~o (iii) n~foxq (iv) deZ/kkj; --------------
15- 'kkafrfiz; (i) n~foxq (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) n~ona o
~ (iv) cgqohz fg --------------
16- lIrkg (i) deZ/kkj; (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) n~foxq (iv) cgqohz fg --------------
17- jlksbZ?kj (i) n~oan~o (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) cgqohz fg (iv) vO;;hHkko --------------
18- ?kqM+lokj (i) n~foxq (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) n~ona o
~ (iv) cgqohz fg --------------
19- ikB'kkyk (i) deZ/kkj; (ii) rRiq#"k (iii) n~foxq (iv) cgqohz fg --------------
20- j?kqoa'k (i) rRiq#"k (ii) n~foxq (iii) vO;;hHkko (iv) deZ/kkj; --------------
II. fn, x, leLrin dk mfpr foxzg Nk°Vdj fyf[k, %
1- vdkyihfM+rµ (i) vdky dk ihfM+r (iii) vdky ls ihfM+r -------------
(ii) vdky fy, ihfM+r (iv) vdky dh ihfM+r
2- nsoky;µ (i) nso vkSj vky; (iii) nsork dk gS tks vky; -------------
(ii) nsork dk vky; (iv) nso esa vky;
3- fpM+hekjµ (i) fpfM+;ksa dks ekjus okyk (iii) fpM+h dh ekj -------------
(ii) fpM+h ls ekj (iv) fpM+h n~okjk ekj
4- eneLrµ (i) en vkSj eLrh (iii) en dh eLrh -------------
(ii) en ls eLrh (iv) en esa eLr
5- gou&lkexzhµ (i) gou okyh lkexzh (iii) gou fy, lkexzh -------------
(ii) gou vkSj lkexzh (iv) gou leku lkexzh
6- xq#nf{k.kkµ (i) xq# ls nf{k.kk (iii) xq# fy, nf{k.kk -------------
(ii) xq# ls ftls nf{k.kk izkIr gks (iv) xq# vkSj nf{k.kk
'kCn jpuk % lekl
'kCn-jpuk 27
7- xzkexrµ xzke vkSj xr
(i) (iii) xzke dks vkxr -------------
xzke dks xr
(ii) (iv) xzke dk vkxr
8- ekxZO;;µ ekxZ dk O;;
(i) (iii) ekxZ fy, O;; -------------
ekxZ vkSj O;;
(ii) (iv) ekxZ esa O;;
9- ouxeuµ ou dk xeu
(i) (iii) ou dks xeu -------------
ou ls xeu
(ii) (iv) ou vkSj xeu
10- Hkodkuuµ Hko vkSj dkuu
(i) (iii) Hko :ih dkuu -------------
Hko tSlk dkuu
(ii) (iv) Hko dk dkuu
11- ;K'kkykµ ;K vkSj 'kkyk
(i) (iii) ;K :ih 'kkyk -------------
;K fy, 'kkyk
(ii) (iv) ;K esa 'kkyk
12- vkichrhµ vius ij chrh
(i) (iii) tks chr pqdk gS -------------
nwljs ij chrh
(ii) (iv) igys ij chrh
13- ujflagµ uj vkSj flag
(i) (iii) flag tSlk uj -------------
uj tSlk flag
(ii) (iv) uj esa flag
14- Hkolkxjµ Hko tSlk lkxj
(i) (iii) Hko :ih lkxj -------------
Hko gh lkxj
(ii) (iv) Hko esa lkxj
15- eq[q kpanµ
z eq[k :ih panz
(i) (iii) panz :ih eq[k -------------
eq[k tSlk panz
(ii) (iv) :i eq[kh panz
III. fn, x, foxzg fy, mfpr leLrin Nk°Vdj fu£n"V LFkku ij fyf[k, %
1- fon~;k :ih /kuµ (i) fon~/ku (ii) fon~;ks/ku (iii) fon~;k/ku (iv) fon~or/ku -------------
2- LoxZ dks xrµ (i) LoxZxr (ii) Loxksx
Z r (iii) LoxkZxr (iv) LoxZr -------------
3- lR; fy, vkxzgµ (i) lR;vkxzg (ii) lR;xzg (iii) lR;ksxg` (iv) lR;kxzg -------------
4- mn~;ksx dk ifrµ (i) mn~;ksxifr (ii) mn~;ksifr (iii) mn~;eh (iv) mn~;ksxhifr -------------
5- dk;Z esa dq 'kyµ (i) dk;ZdkS'ky (ii) dk;Zdq 'ky (iii) dkdqZ 'ky (iv) dyk dkS'ky -------------
6- uhyk gS tks deyµ (i) uhykdey (ii) deyuhyk (iii) deyuhy (iv) uhydey -------------
7- nsoksa dk vky;µ (i) nsoksay; (ii) nsoky; (iii) nsovky; (iv) nsoky;k -------------
8- 'kj.k esa vkxrµ (i) s'kj.kkxr (ii) 'kj.kvkxr (iii) 'kj.kxr (iv) 'kj.kkFkhZ -------------
9- dud leku yrkµ(i) duyrk (ii) dudkyrk (iii) dudyrk (iv) dudh yrk -------------
10- e`x leku ykspuµ (i) e`xkykspu (ii) e`xu;u (iii) e`xu;uh (iv) e`xykspu -------------
11- uhyk gS tks daBµ (i) uhykdaB (ii) uhydaB (iii) daBuhyk (iv) uhydaBk -------------
12- nsg :ih yrkµ (i) nsg:ih (ii) nsgyrk (iii) yrknsg (iv) nsg:irk -------------
13- opu :ih ve`rµ (i) okpuke`r (ii) opuke`rk (iii) opuke`r (iv) okpuke`r -------------
14- Øks/k :ih vfXuµ (i) Øks/kfXu (ii) Øks/kkfXu (iii) Øks/k:ih (iv) Øks/kqfi -------------
15- ij v/khuµ (i) ijv/khu (i) ikjk/khu (iii) ijk/khu (iv) ijks/khu -------------
16- ok.kh n~okjk nRrµ (i) okXnRrk (ii) okpkynRRk (iii) okd~nRRk (iv) okXnRrd -------------
17- e`x leku ykspuµ (i) e`xkykspu (ii) e`xu;u (iii) e`xu;uh (iv) e`xykspu -------------
IV. fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl leLrin esa rRiq#"k lekl gS %
1- (i) v/kidk (ii) vkej.k (iii) pØ/kj (iv) ty/kkjk ----------------------------
2- (i) xaxkty (ii) cs[kcj (iii) uhydaB (iv) nq[k&lq[k ----------------------------
3- (i) x`gizos'k (ii) egknso (iii) eq[kpanz (iv) uhyxxu ----------------------------
4- (i) Hkjiwj (ii) euekuk (iii) egkRek (iv) fiukdh ----------------------------
5- (i) izfrekl (ii) lsukuk;d (iii) lqykspuk (iv) pkjikbZ ----------------------------
V. fuEufyf[kr leLr inksa mfpr foxzg vkSj Hksn ij lgh ¼½ dk fpg~u yxkb, %
1- nkuohjµ (i) nku esa ohj@ rRiq#"k (iii) nku vkSj ohj@ rRiq#"k
(ii) nku gh ohj@ rRiq#"k (iv) nku esa ohj@ deZ/kkj;
2- iq = jRuµ (i) iq= vkSj jRu@ deZ/kkj; (iii) iq= gh jRu@ rRiq#"k
(ii) iq= :ih jRu@ deZ/kkj; (iv) iq= :ih jRu@ vO;;hHkko
3- ns ' kHkDrµ ns'k dk HkDr@ rRiq#"k
(i) (iii)ns'k dk HkDr@ n~foxq
ns'k dk HkDr@ deZ/kkj;
(ii) (iv) ns'k dk HkDr@ vO;;hHkko
4- loZ H k{khµ lcdks [kkus okyk@ rRiq#"k
(i) (iii)lc [kkus okyk@ rRiq#"k
lc [kkus okyk@ deZ/kkj;
(ii) (iv) lc [kkus okyk@ cgqozhfg
5- jlHkjhµ jl ls Hkjh@ rRiq#"k
(i) (iii)jl ls Hkjh@ n~foxq
jl ls Hkjh@ vO;;hHkko
(ii) (iv) jl ls Hkjh@ deZ/kkj;
6- jks x eq D rµ jksx ls eqDr@ vO;;hHkko
(i) (iii)jksx ls eqDr@ deZ/kkj;
jksx ls eqDr@ rRiq#"k
(ii) (iv) jksx ls eqDr@ cgqozhfg
VI. fuEufyf[kr leLri nksa dk foxzg dhft, vkSj lekl dk
leLrinks uke Hkh fyf[k, %
foxz g lekl dk uke
1. cSyxkM+h ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
2. jk"Vªfirk ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
3. iqLrdky; ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
4. uhyxxu ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
5. jkg[kpZ ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
6. vugksuh ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
7. lTtu ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
8. MkdxkM+h ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
9. deyu;u ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
10. ?kqM+lokj ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
11. tUeka/k ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
12. xxupqach ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
eqgkojs ,oa yksdksfDr;k° 29
xr ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x, eqgkojs ls lacaf/kr iz'u

I. fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft, %
1- ck,° gkFk dk [ksyµijh{kk esa vPNs vad ykuk esjs ck,° gkFk dk [ksy gSA
2- nk°rksa ilhuk vkukµuoha d{kk esa ikl gkssus fy, Vksih 'kqDyk nk°rksa ilhuk vk x;kA
3- vkM+s gkFkksa ysukµHkkbZ lkgc us NksVs HkkbZ dks vkM+s gkFkksa fy;kA
4- vkdk'k ikrky ,d djukµgfjgj dkdk dh tehu gfFk;kus fy, Hkkb;ksa us vkdk'k&ikrky ,d dj fn;kA
5- gkFk QSykukµgesa fdlh nwljs lkeus gkFk ugha QSykuk pkfg,A
6- ukdksa pus pckukµoÊkhj vyh us vaxzsÊkksa ukdksa pus pcok fn,A
7- ukS nks X;kjg gksukµdkjrwl ysdj oÊkhj vyh ukS nks X;kjg gks x;kA
8- vkx ccwyk gksukµNksVs HkkbZ dks [ksyrk ns[k cM+s HkkbZ lkgc vkx ccwyk gks x,A
9- jaxs gkFk idM+ukµeqf[k;k us pksj dks pksjh djrs gq, jaxs gkFk idM+ fy;kA
10- chM+k mBkukµLora=rk lsukfu;ksa us ns'k dks vkÊkkn djkus dk chM+k mBk fy;kA
11- tku c['k nsukµoÊkhj vyh us duZy dh tku c['k nhA
12- cq<+kis dh ykBh gksukµjes'k vius ekrk&firk cq<+kis dh ykBh gSA
13- dke reke dj nsukµlSfudksa us nq'eu lsuk dk dke reke dj fn;kA
14- nk°rksa rys m°xyh nckukµlSfudksa dh ohjrk ns[kdj nq'eu lsuk us nk°rksa rys m°xyh nck yhA
15- gDdk&cDdk jg tkukµizhre pan dh ccZjrk ns[kdj gSMekLVj lkgc gDdk&cDdk jg x,A
16- vkxk&ihNk u ns[kukµNqV~fV;ksa esa [ksyrs le; ge vkxk&ihNk ugha ns[krs FksA
17- vk°[k pqjkukµnsj ls ykSVus ij NksVk HkkbZ cM+s HkkbZ ls vk°[k pqjkus yxkA
18- gok ls ckrsa djukµmldh eksVjlkbfdy rks gok ls ckrssa djrh gSA
19- vkleku rkjs rksM+ukµijh{kk esa ikl gksuk cM+s HkkbZ fy, vkleku rkjs rksM+us cjkcj FkkA
20- th&rksM+ esgur djukµHkkbZ lkgc fnuHkj th&rksM+ esgur djrs FksA
21- pSu dh lk°l ysukµtc Vksih 'kqDyk ikl gqvk rks lcus pSu dh lk°l yhA
22- ?kh fn, tykukµns'k Lora= gksus ij lcus ?kh fn, tyk,A
23- ued&fepZ yxkukµeqUuh ckcw us ued&fepZ yxkdj Vksih dh f'kdk;r dhA
24- cky&cky cpukµgfjgj dkdk egar paxqy ls cky&cky cp x,A
25- nkSM+&/kwi djukµvkosnu i= tek djus fy, eSa lqcg ls nkSM+&/kwi dj jgk gw°A
26- dej dlukµijh{kk lj ij gS rS;kjh fy, dej dl yksA
27- ND NqM+kukµoÊkhj vyh us vaxzsÊkksa ND NqM+k fn,A
28- Vs<+h [khjµHkkbZ lkgc fy, ikl gksuk Vs<+h [khj FkhA
29- vkLrhu dk lk°iµgfjgj dkdk HkkbZ vkLrhu dk lk°i fudysA
30- vk°[k [kqy tkukµegar dh vlfy;r ns[kdj lcdh vk°[ksa [kqy xb±A
31- psgjk eqj>kukµokehjks dks mnkl ns[kdj rrk°jk dk psgjk eqj>k x;kA
32- vk°[kksa ls cksyukµvktdy vk°[kksa ls cksyus okys vfHkusrk cgqr de gSaA
33- [kq'kh dk fBdkuk u jgukµd{kk esa vOoy vkus ij NksVs HkkbZ dh [kq'kh dk fBdkuk u jgkA
34- vk°[ksa fn[kkukµvktdy vf/kdrj cPps vius ekrk&firk dks gh vk°[ksa fn[kkrs gSaA
35- gkFk&ik°o Qw y tkukµtaxy esa 'ksj dks lkeus ns[kdj esjs gkFk&ik°o Qw y x,A
36- flj ij ryokj yVdukµvktdy lc flj ij djksuk egkekjh :ih ryokj yVd jgh gSA
37- izk.kkard ifjJe djukµns'k dks djksuk eqDr djkus fy, MkWDVj izk.kkard ifjJe dj jgs gSaA
38- liuksa egy cukukµcM+s HkkbZ lkgc liuksa egy cukrs jgrsA
39- vk°[kksa esa /kwy >ksadukµNksVk HkkbZ cM+s HkkbZ dh vk°[kksa esa /kwy >ksad dj [ksyus pyk tkrk FkkA
40- dw V&dw V dj HkjukµLora=rk lsukfu;ksa esa ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk dw V&dw V dj Hkjh gqbZ FkhA
41- vius iSjksa ij [kM+s gksukµgekjk ;g drZO; gS fd ge lHkh vius iSjksa ij [kM+s gksaA
42- bZn dk pk°n gksukµnwljksa nq%[k&nnZ le>us okys rks vc bZn dk pk°n gks x, gSaA
43- yky&ihyk gksukµx`g dk;Z u djus ij vÍ;kid yky ihyk gks x,A
44- viuk gh jkx vykiukµnwljksa dh Hkh lquuh pkfg,] ges'kk viuk gh jkx ugha vykiuk pkfg,A
45- mM+rh fpfM+;k igpkuukµjes'k bruk gksf'k;kj gS fd mM+rh fpfM+;k dks igpku ysrk gSA
46- nks Vwd tokc nsukµd{kk dk;Z ekaxus ij gjh'k us eq>s nks Vwd tokc ns fn;kA
47- eq°g dh [kkukµHkkjrh; lSfudksa lkeus ikfdLrku dh lsuk dks eq°g dh [kkuh iM+hA
48- rwrh cksyukµHkkjrh; dykdkjksa dh fons'k esa rwrh cksyrh gSA
49- ?kqVus VsdukµcM+s HkkbZ mykguksa lkeus NksVs HkkbZ dks ?kqVus Vsdus iM+rsA
50- peM+h m/ksM+ukµizhre pan bruk ekjrs fd cPpksa dh peM+h m/kM+ tkrhA
II. mfpr eqgkojksa n~okjk fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r dhft, %
1- jkt lkeus taxy esa lglk ,d 'ksj vk x;k rks mls izrhr gqvk ekSr flj ij gSA
2- ;g Kkr gksus ij fd og ijh{kk esa Qs y gks x;k gS mldk psgjk eqj>k x;k vkSj og jksus yxkA
3- vuqHkoh yksx rks dqq N rkSj&rjh gh crk ldrs gSa&lQyrk fy, gkFk&ik°o pykus iM+rs gSaA
4- vkt dh f'k{kk dk mn~ns'; oy nks ls pkj cukuk gSA
5- vaxzsÊkksa us y{ehckbZ lkeus ?kqVus Vsd fn,A
6- oÊkhj vyh dkjrwl ysdj pyk x;k vkSj ys¶VhusaV gkFk eyrk jg x;kA
7- vPNs vad ykus fy, jkr&fnu [kwu&ilhuk ,d djuk iM+rk gSA
8- gekjs ohj lSfud tku gFksyh ij j[kdj ns'k dh j{kk djrs gSaA
9- fo'ks"kK fon~oku dks le>kuk ,slk gh gS tSls lwjt dks nhid fn[kkuk fn[kkukA
10- xf.kr dk x`gdk;Z djuk eq>s ck,° gkFk dk [ksy izrhr gksrk gSA
11- euq"; dks foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ges'kk lw>&cw> ls dke ysuk pkfg,A
12- HkkbZ lkgc dk jkSæ :i ns[kdj izk.k lw[k tkrsA
13- oÊkhj vyh cjlksa ls gekjh vk°[kksa esa /kwy >ksad jgk gSA
14- xk;u bruk izHkkoh Fkk fd og viuh lq/k&cq/k [kksus yxkA
16- dfo fcgkjh nksgs i<+dj dgk tk ldrk gS os xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus esa iw.kZr% lQy gq, gSaA
17- vkt dy usrk laln esa vkleku flj ij mBk ysrs gSaA
18- tc rd euq"; ij fÊkEesnkjh ugha vkrh rc rd mls vkVs&nky dk Hkko irk ugha pyrkA
19- cM+s HkkbZ dh ?kqM+fd;k° [kkuk vc NksVs HkkbZ o'k esa ugha jgkA
19- og LoHkko ls bruk mxz gS fd ckr&ckr ij ryokj [khaprk gSA

20- rrk°jk fdukjs ij [kM+k okehjks dh ckV tksg jgk FkkA
21- eq>s feV~Vh dk ek/kks er le>uk] eSa rqEgkjh gj pky le>rk gw°A
22- Hkkjrh; lSfudksa us nq'eu dh lsuk ND NqM+k fn,A
23- tc fxYyh&MaMk [ksy dj eSa okil vk;k] HkkbZ lkgc us eq>s vkM+s gkFkksa ys fy;kA
24- ,d eSp thrdj gh rqEgkjk fnekx vkleku ij igq°p x;k VwukZesaV thrks rks tkusaA
25- okehjks dh ek° rrk°jk dks ns[kdj vkx ccwyk gks xbZA
26- os gh O;fDr lQy gksrs gSa tks th yxkdj fdlh dk;Z dks djrs gSaA
27- mldh ykWVjh D;k [kqy xbZ fd ml iSj Êkehu ij ugha iM+ jgsA
28- cM+s HkkbZ lkgc dh Mk°V lqudj NksVs HkkbZ dh cksyrh can gks xbZA
29- esjh lQyrk dk lekpkj lqudj nknh Qw yh ugha lek jgh gSaA
30- ;s oÊkhj vyh vkneh gS ;k Hkwr] gkFk gh ugha yxrk yxrkA
31- ml vui<+ ?kj tc ls ,d MkWDVj cgw vkbZ gS rc ls ekuks va/ks gkFk cVsj yx xbZ gksA
32- lsuk ns'k dh j{kk fy, lhek ij ekSr ls xys feyus fy, gj oDr rS;kj jgrh gSA
33- Hkkb;ksa nqO;Zogkj dkj.k vkf[kj gfjgj dkdk dh lgu'kfDr us tokc ns gh fn;kA
34- xq#th mins'k ls HkDr eu dk lkjk v°f/k;kjk feV x;k x;kA
35- dkjfxy ;qn~/k esa Hkkjrh; lSfudksa us nq'euksa nk°r [kV~Vs dj fn,fn,A
36- fjD'ks okys dh xk<+h dekbZ dks dy cnek'kksa us Nhu fy;kA
37- eSa mls ,slk eÊkk p[kkÅ°xk fd og gsdM+h trkuk Hkwy tk,xkA
38- ohj iq#"k dHkh ihB ugha fn[kkrs cfYd 'k=q ls nks&nks gkFk djus dks rS;kj jgrs gSaA
39- jkeu~ dh [kkst foKku dh nqfu;k esa ehy dk iRFkj fln~/k gqbZA
40- ml fon~;ky; esa izFke LFkku izkIr djus ij firk dh [kq'kh dk fBdkuk u jgkA
41- ge nksuksa nksLr tc Hkh feyrs gSa [kV~Vh&ehBh ;knksa esa [kks tkrs gSaA
42- HkkbZ lkgc dh ckr fxjg ck°/kdj eSus Hkh i<+us dk Vkbe Vscy cuk;kA
43- iqfyl dh ykfB;ksa ls Hkh Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa dh fgEer ugha VwVhhA
44- rrk°jk dks leqnz lkeus ns[k okehjks QwV&QwV dj jksus yxhA
45- lSfudksa us ns'k dh lqj{kk fy, tku ns nh] ij ns'k dk flj u >qdus fn;k fn;kA
46- iqfyl dh ekj ls vPNs&vPNksa osQ gks'k fBdkus vk tkrs gSaA
47- le; jgrs ifjJe djuk pkfg,] ugha rks flj /kqurs jg tkvksxsA
48- ijh{kk dk le; fudV vkus dkj.k esjh rks uhan gh mM+ xbZA
49- ;fn euq"; eu esa n`<+ fu'p; dj ys rks og vkdk'k rkjs rksM+ ldrk gSA
50- cPpk tc jksrk gqvk ?kj vkrk gS] rks ek° mls vius vad esa Hkj ysrh gSA
51- iznw"k.k nwj djus fy, ljdkj dks 'kh?kz gh dne mBkuk pkfg,A
52- fganh i<+uk@fy[kuk dksbZ g°lh [ksy ugha] fnu&jkr vk°[ksa QksM+uh iM+rh gSaA
vH;kl-iz'u
I. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r mfpr eqgkojk pqudj dhft, %
1- jfookj dks izn'kZuh ns[kus fy, yksxksa dh Hkkjh HkhM+ --------------------------------A
(i) VwV iM+h (ii) ckV rkduk (iii) fBBd tkuk (iv) ncs ik°o vkuk
2- vU;k; fo#n~/k ------------------------------------------------- gekjk drZO; gSA
(i) ykBh mBkuk (ii) vkokÊk mBkuk (iii) flj mBkuk (iv) dke reke dj nsuk
3- diM+k mn~;ksx esa lQyrk ikus fy, jke dks ------------------------------------------------- iM+kA
(i) tksf[ke mBkuk (ii) nks ls pkj cukuk (iii) [krjk gksuk (iv) yksgs pus pckuk
4- ijh{kk esa vlQy gksus ij firk us viuh iq=h dks ------------------------------------------------- A
(i) fxjg ck°/kuk (ii) ?kqM+fd;k° [kkuk (iii) NBh dk nw/k ;kn fnykuk (iv) vkM+s gkFkksa ysuk
5- lsuk us igys gh ------------------------------------------------- fd 'k=q vkØe.k djsxkA
(i) vey djuk (ii) VwV iM+uk (iii) vkxkg djuk (iv) ncs ik°o vkuk
6- ladV iM+us ij lksgu us viuk ------------------------------------------------- gh fn;kA
(i) jax fn[kkuk (ii) djoVsa cnyuk (iii) rwrh cksyuk (iv) nk°r [kV~Vs dj nsuk
7- lqjs'k rks --------------------------------------------- gS] jkr&fnu dke esa yxk jgrk gSA
(i) [ksy&[ksy esa (ii) xys dk <ksy (iii) dksYgw dk cSy (iv) fdLer [kqyuk
8- ijh{kk esa vPNs vad ykuk dksbZ --------------------------- ugha gS] bl fy, cgqr ifjJe djuk iM+sxkA
(i) vks[kyh esa flj nsuk (ii) [kkyk th dk ?kj (iii) [kwu&ilhuk ,d djuk (iv) dej dluk
9- --------------------------------------------- can djks] eq>s rqEgkjh vlfy;r irk gSA
(i) xhnM+ HkHkdh nsuk (ii) fnu nwuh jkr pkSxquh (iii) Bu&Bu xksiky (iv) frykatfy nsuk
10- ifjJe djus okys --------------------------------------------- rjDdh djrs gSaA
(i) Vksih mNkyuk (ii) pkj pk°n yxkuk (iii) tehu esa lekuk (iv) fnu nwuh jkr pkSxquh
11- --------------------------------------------- rks rqEgkjh vknr gSA
(i) ekFkk Buduk (ii) isV esa pwgs dw nuk (iii) gks'k mM+uk
(iv) jkbZ dk igkM+ cukuk
12- ml cspkjh dk dksbZ ugha] vc rks mldk iq= gh ml fy, --------------------------------------------- gSA
(i) vk°[k dk dk°Vk (ii) vk°[kksa dk rkjk (iii) va/ks dh ykBh (iv) va/ks dh ydM+h
13- :is'k ls dk;Z djkuk vklku ugha gS D;ksafd og iwjk --------------------------------------------- gSA
(i) vk°[k dk va/kk (ii) Fkkyh dk cSaxu (iii) vfM+;y VV~Vw (iv) vDy dk iqryk
14- jke ls le>nkjh dh vk'kk djuk Bhd ugha gS D;ksfa d og rks -------------------------------------- gSA
(i) Nkrh ihVuk (ii) lk°B&xk°B djuk (iii) vDy dk nq'eu (iv) can njokÊks [kksyuk
15- firk dh vdky e`R;q dkj.k jeu dks NksVh vk;q esa gh --------------------------------------------- iM+kA
(i) vxj&exj djuk (ii) v°xwBk fn[kkuk (iii) ukS&nks X;kjg gksuk (iv) vius iSjksa ij [kM+k gksuk
16- pfj=oku usrkvksa ij --------------------------------------------- Bhd ughaA
(i) v°xqyh mBkuk (ii) pknj rku dj lksuk (iii) xaxk ugkuk (iv)dystk eq°g dks vkuk
17- yo vkSj dq 'k nksuksa lxs HkkbZ gSa] ¯drq mu LoHkko esa --------------------------------------------------gSA
(i) vkx&ccwyk gksuk (ii) vkleku ij Fkwduk (iii) vk°[ksa p<+kuk (iv) vkdk'k&ikrky dk varj
18- jke vkSj ';ke esa --------------------------------------------- gSA
(i) vkx mxyuk (ii) mUuhl&chl dk varj (iii) vaxkjksa ij pyuk (iv) bÊÊkr feV~Vh eas feyuk
19- eksgu dh ckr --------------------------------------------- gSA
(i) iRFkj dh ydhj (ii) /kwy >kM+uk (iii) b±V ls b±V ctkuk (iv) [kkykth dk ?kj
20- efgek rks --------------------------------------------- gS] jkr-fnu i<+rh jgrh gSA
(i) [kVkbZ esa iM+uk (ii) fdrkch dhM+k (iii) fry dk rkM+ cukuk (iv) isV esa pwgs dw nuk
II. fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa mfpr vFkZ ij lgh ¼½ dk fpg~u yxkb, %
1- ckV tksguk (i) ckV fu[kkjuk (iii) ckV laokjuk
(ii) jkg ns[kuk (iv) jkLrs esa vkuk
2- lqjkx u feyuk (i) Mk°V lquuk (iii) irk u pyuk
(ii) eqf'dy gksuk (iv) enn djuk
3- lq/k&cq/k [kksuk (i) lc [kks tkuk (iii) gks'k u jguk
(ii) fopkj u djuk (iv) lksp u ikuk
4- nks ls pkj cukuk (i) nks esa nks tksM+uk (iii) lar djuk
(ii) equkQk dekuk (iv) izHkko'kkyh gksuk
5- yksgs pus pckuk (i) eqf'dy ls pus [kkuk (iii) eqf'dy dke djuk
(ii) lkeF;Z u gksuk (iv) Å°pk mBuk
6- igkM+&lk Hkkjh gksuk (i) igkM+ dks mBkuk (iii) cgqr otuh oLrq mBkuk
(ii) Å°pkbZ ij p<+uk (iv) dfBukbZ ls le; dkVuk
7- xk°B ck°/k ysuk (i) ;kn j[kuk (iii) vk°py esa ck°/kuk
(ii) bYtke nsuk (iv) [krjk mBkuk
8- fdLlk [kRe djuk (i) fdLlk lqukuk (iii) dFkk lekIr djuk
(ii) dgkuh lqukuk (iv) lekIr djuk
9- cnu esa vkx yxuk (i) ¥kcj u gksuk (iii) vkx esa tyuk
(ii) lEeku nsuk (iv) Øksf/kr gksuk
10- th&tku ls tqVuk (i) csdkj gksuk (iii) chekj gksuk
(ii) vR;f/kd iz;kl djuk (iv) tku U;ksNkoj djuk
11- Qw Vh vk°[k u lqgkuk (i) Qw Vh gqbZ vk°[k vPNh u yxuk (iii) fcydq y ilan u djuk
(ii) ilan djuk (iv) vk°[k Qw V tkuk
12- nw/k dh eD[kh gksuk (i) nw/k esa eD[kh fxjuk (iii) nw/k ij eD[kh e°Mjkuk
(ii) O;FkZ oLrq (iv) nw/k QV tkuk
13- g°lh [ksy (i)g°lrs jguk (iii) g°lrs gq, [ksyuk
(ii)eÊkkd djuk (iv) vklku dke
14- flj ij [kM+s gksuk (i),d izdkj dk O;k;ke (iii) 'kh"kkZlu
(ii)ikl [kM+s gksdj fuxjkuh djuk (iv) cgqr HkhM+
15- NksVk eq°g cM+h ckr (i)NksVs cPps n~okjk cksyuk (iii) f'k'kq dk cksyuk lh[kuk
(ii),d izdkj dh chekjh (iv) gSfl;r ls c<+&p<+ dj cksyuk
III. uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa js[kkafdr eqgkojksa LFkku ij mi;qDr eqgkojk pqudj fyf[k, %
1- gekjs tk°ckÊk Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa lkeus vaxzsÊkksa dk lw;Z vLr gks x;kA
(i) ?kqVus Vsduk (ii) b±V ls b±V ctkuk (iii) nk°r [kV~Vs djuk (iv) flj >qduk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- cgqr fnuksa ckn fons'k ls ykSVs iq= dks ns[kdj ek° us mls xys ls yxk fy;kA
(i) dystk dckc gksuk (ii) Nkrh ls yxkuk (iii) [kwu lw[kuk (iv) dystk QVuk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- iq= dks cpkus fy, firk us jkr&fnu ,d dj fn;kA

(i) [kwu ?kw°V ihuk (ii) uÊkj mrkjuk (iii) [kwu&ilhuk cgkuk (iv) ,M+h&pksVh dk Êkksj yxkuk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- gekjh lsuk ijkØe dks ns[kdj nq'eu us nk°rksa rys m°xyh nck yhA
(i) ND NwVuk (ii) ND NqM+kuk (iii) xk°B ck°/kuk (iv) Nkrh ij lk°i yksVuk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- ifjJe u djus okys Nk=ksa fy, ijh{kk ,d uaxh ryokj leku gSA
(i) [kwu ?kw°V ihuk (ii) xqfM+;k dk [ksy (iii) fdLer [kqyuk (iv) Vs<+h [khj
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6- gesa nwljksa dk nq[k nwj djus dk iz;Ru djuk pkfg, fdlh ?kko gjs ugha djus pkfg,A
(i) iya fcNkuk (ii) iYyk >kM+uk (iii) /kwy esa mM+kuk (iv) ?kko ij ued fNM+duk
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7- vkradokfn;ksa n~okjk eqacbZ esa rkt gksVy ij geys dh [kcj lqudj eSa tM+ gks x;kA
(i) psgjs ij gokb;k° mM+uk (ii) vkis ls ckgj gksuk (iii) vkx esa ?kh Mkyuk (iv) vk°[ksa iFkjk tkuk
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8- xq# th mins'k ls HkDr dh vk°[kas [kqy xb±A

(i) dk;k iyVuk (ii) vk°[ksa iyVuk (iii) fdukjk djuk (iv) dku iyVuk
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9- esjh nyhy lqudj lHkh lHkklnksa dh cksyrh can gks xbZA

(i) viuk&viuk jkx vykiuk (ii) lk°i lw°?kuk (iii) vk°[ksa pqjkuk (iv) mYyw lh/kk djuk
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10- dkjfxy ;qn~/k esa Hkkjrh; lSfudksa us nq'euksa ND NqM+k fn,A
(i) nk°r [kV~Vs djuk (ii) xM+s eqnsZ m[kkM+uk (iii) rksrs mM+kuk (iv) xky ctkuk
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vyadkj 35
5 vya d kj
[FIGURES OF SPEECH]
v yadkj dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS % vkHkw"k.k vFkok xgukA dkO; esa vyadkj ls vfHkizk; gSµ os 'kCn vkSj
vFkZ tks dkO; dh 'kksHkk dks c<+k,° mUgsa vyadkj dgk tkrk gSA dgk Hkh x;k gS] ^dkO; 'kksHkkdjku~ /kekZr~ vyadkjku~
izP{krs* vFkkZr dkO; dh 'kksHkk c<+kus okys /keZ dks vyadkj dgrs gSaA
vyadkj nks Hksn gSa % 'kCnkyadkj vkSj vFkkZyadkj
'kCnkyadkj % os vyadkj ftudk izHkko vkSj peRdkj fof'k"V 'kCn iz;ksx ls gks] 'kCnkyadkj
dgykrs gSA tSlsµ dud dud rs lkS xquh] ekndrk vf/kdk; esa igys ^dud* dk vFkZ gS /krwjk vkSj nwljs
^dud* dk vFkZ gS] lksukA ;gk° ij ;fn ge ^dud* 'kCn i;kZ; j[k nsa rks dkO; dk lkSan;Z lekIr gks tk,xkA
vFkkZyadkj % os vyadkj ftuesa lkSan;Zo`n~f/k dk vk/kkj vFkZ gks] vFkkZyadkj dgykrs gSaA vFkkZyadkj esa
'kCn i;kZ; dk iz;ksx djus ls dkO; dk lkSan;Z izHkkfor ugha gksrkA tSlsµ rc rks cgrk le; f'kyk&lk te
tk,xk esa dkO; dk lkSan;Z f'kyk&lk vFkZ dkj.k gSA
'kCnkyadkj
'kCnkyadkj
dkj eq[; rhu Hksn gSaµ¼d½ vuqizkl] ¼[k½ ;ed rFkk ¼x½ 'ys"k
¼d½ vuqizkl vyadkj % tc fdlh o.kZ dh ,d ls vf/kd ckj vko`fRr gksus ls dkO; lkSan;Z esa
o`n~f/k gksdj peRdkj mRiUu gksrk gS rks bls vuqizkl vyadkj dgrs gSaA tSlsµ pk# panz dh papy fdj.ksa [ksy
jgha Fkha ty&Fky esaA blesa p o.kZ dh vko`fRr dkj.k vuqizkl vyadkj gSA vU; mnkgj.kµ
1- dy dkuu dq aMy eksj i[kk mj iS cueky fcjktfr gSA ¼^d* o.kZ dh vko`fRr½
2- dadu fdafdu uwiqj /kqfu lqfuA dgr y[ku lu jke ân; xqfuA ¼^d* o.kZ dh vko`fRr½
3- rjf.k ruwtk rV reky r#oj cgq Nk,A ¼^r* o.kZ dh vko`fRr½
4- dkfyanh dw y dnac dh MkjuA ¼^d* o.kZ dh vko`fRr½
5- lsodq lks tks djS lsodkbZA vfj djuh dfj dfjv yjkbZA ¼^l* vkSj ^d* o.kZ dh vko`fRr½
ikB;&iqLrd ^Li'kZ Hkkx&2* esa iz;qDr vuqizkl vyadkj mnkgj.k %
dchj
1- dLrwjh dq aMfy clS] e`x <w°<S cu ek°fgA
2- ,slh ck°.kh cksfy;s] eu dk vkik [kksbA
3- lc v°fÌ;kjk fefV x;k] nhid ns[;k ek°fgA
4- lqf[k;k lc lalkj gS] [kk;S v: lksoSA
5- fuand usM+k jkf[k;s] vk°xf.k dq Vh c°/kkbA
ehjk
6- cw<+rks xtjkt jk[;ks] dkVh dq .tj ihjA
7- eksj eqxV ihrkEcj lkSgsA
8- Hkko Hkxrh tkxhjh ikL;w°A
fcgkjh
9- lksgr vks<+Sa ihrq iVq L;ke] lykSuSa xkrA
10- Hkjs HkkSu eSa djr gSa uSuuq gha lc ckrA
11- dgykus ,dr clr vfg e;wj] e`x ck?kA
12- crjl&ykyp yky dh eqjyh /kjh yqdkbA
13- es j s gjkS dys l lc] lo lojkbA
euq";rk
14- mlh mnkj dh lnk ltho dh£r dw trh(
15- vuar varfj{k esa vuar nso gSa [kM+s]
16- vHkh veR;Z&vad esa viad gks p<+ks lHkhA
17- foifRr] fo?u tks iMs+a mUgsa <yrs gq,A
ioZr izns'k esa ikol
18- ikol _rq Fkh] ioZr izns'k]
19- fxfj dk xkSjo xkdj >j&>j
20- vfues"k] vVy] dq N fpark ijA
e/kqj e/kqj esjs nhid ty
21- e/kqj e/kqj esjs nhid ty!
22- ;qx&;qx çfrfnu çfr{k.k çfriyA
¼[k½ ;ed vya d kj % tgk° ,d gh 'kCn ,d ls vf/kd ckj vk, ysfdu gj ckj mldk vFkZ
fHkUu gks] ogk° ;ed vya d kj gksrk gSA tSls µ dud dud rS lkS xquh ekndrk vf/kdk; esa dud nks
vFkZ gSa( /krwjk vkSj lksukA
vU; mnkgj.k %
1- dgs dfo csuh] csuh C;ky dh pqjk; yhuhA
2- dkyh ?kVk dk ?keaM ?kVkA
3- ygj&ygj dj ;fn pwes rks] fdafpr fopfyr er gksukA
4- rhu csj [kkrh Fkha os] rhu csj [kkrh gSaA
5- eu Øe cpu uan&uanu mj] ;g n`<+ dfj idjhA
¼x½ 'ys"k vyadkj % 'ys"k dk vFkZ gSµ fpidukA vr% tgk° ,d 'kCn nks ;k nks ls vf/kd vFkZ
fufgr gksa ogk° 'ys"k vyadkj gksrk gSA tSlsµ ê/kqcu dh Nkrh dks ns[kksA lw[kh bldh fdruh dfy;k°*A ;gk°
dfy;k° dk ,d vFkZ gS vfodflr Qw y rFkk nwljk vFkZ gS] ;kSou ls iwoZ dh voLFkkA
vU; mnkgj.k %
1- tks jghe xfr nhi dh] dq y diwr xfr lksbA ckjs mft;kjks djs] c<+s v°/ksjks gksbAA
2- lqcju dks <w°<+r fQjr] dfo] O;fHkpkjh pksjA
3- esjh Hko&ck/kk gjkS jk/kk ukxfj lksbA tk ru dh >kb± ijS] L;keq gfjr nqfr gksbAA
4- fpjthokS tksjh tqjs] D;ksa u lusg xaHkhjA dks ?kfV ;s o`"kHkkuqtk] os gy/kj ohjAA
5- jfgeu ikuh jkf[k,] fcu ikuh lc lwuA ikuh x, u Åcjs] eksrh&ekuq"k&pwuAA
6- eaxu dks nsf[k iV nsr ckj&ckj gSA
7- lglckgq Hkqt Nsn fugkjkA
ikB;&iqLrd ^Li'kZ Hkkx&2* esa iz;qDr 'ys"k vyadkj mnkgj.k %
1- izxV Hk, n~fotjkt&dq y] lqcl cls czt vkbA
2- gfj vki gjks tu jh ihjA
vyadkj 37
vFkkZyadkj
vFkkZyadkj N% eq[; Hksn gSaµ
¼d½ miek] ¼[k½ :id] ¼x½ mRizs{kk]
¼?k½ vfr'k;ksfDr] ¼³½ ekuohdj.k] ¼p½ vU;ksfDr
¼d½ miek vyadkj % ;g lkn`'; ewyd vFkkZyadkj gSA fdlh lqfo[;kr oLrq dh lekurk
lkn`'; tc fdlh oLrq ;k O;fDr :i] xq.k] /keZ dk o.kZu djrs gSa] rks ogk° miek vyadkj gksrk gSA miek
vyadkj pkj vax gSaµ mies;] mieku] lk/kkj.k /keZ vkSj okpd 'kCnA
¼v½ mies;µ og oLrq ;k izk.kh ftldk o.kZu fd;k tkrk gS] mies; dgykrk gSA bls izLrqr Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA tSlsµ mldk eq[k panzek leku laqnj gSA bl okD; esa eq[k mies; gSA
¼c½ miekuµ ftl izfln~/k oLrq ;k O;fDr lkFk mies; dh lekurk O;Dr dh tkrh] mls mieku
dgrs gSaA bls viz L rq r Hkh dgk tkrk gSA tSlsµ mi;qZDr mnkgj.k esa panzek mieku gSA
¼l½ lk/kkj.k /keZµ mies; vkSj mieku chp tks leku xq.k ;k :i feyrk gS] mls lk/kkj.k /keZ
dgrs gSaA tSlsµ mi;qZDr mnkgj.k esa lqanj 'kCn lk/kkj.k /keZ gSA
¼n½ okpd 'kCnµ ftu 'kCnksa ls mies; vkSj mieku chp lekurk izdV dh tkrh gS mUgsa okpd
'kCn dgrs gSaA tSls µ mi;qZDr mnkgj.k esa leku okpd 'kCn gSA
tSlk] tSlh] tSls] lk] lh] ls] le] leku] T;ksa] lfjl] ln`'k vkfn 'kCn okpd 'kCn dgykrs gSaA
vU; mnkgj.k %
1- gk; Qw y&lh dksey cPph] gqbZ jk[k dh Fkh <sjhA
2- nsf[k, vjfoan ls f'k'kq&oàn dS ls lks jgsA
3- e[key >wy iM+s gkFkh&lk VhykA
4- ihij ikr lfjl eu MksykA
5- dksfV dq fyl le cpuq rqEgkjkA
6- nw/k dks lks Qs u QSY;ks vkaxu QjlcanA
7- vkjlh ls vacj esa vkHkk lh mtkjh yxSA
8- I;kjh jkf/kdk dks izfrfcac lks yxr panA
9- cky dYiuk &ls ikysA
10- izkr% uHk Fkk cgqr uhyk 'ka[k tSlsA
ikB;&iqLrd ^Li'kZ Hkkx&2* esa iz;qDr miek vyadkj mnkgj.k %
1- txrq rikscu lkS fd;kS nhj?k&nk?k funk?kA 2- eksrh dh yfM+;ksa&ls lqanjA
¼[k½ :id vyadkj % tgk° xq.kksa dh vR;f/kd lekurk dkj.k mies; dks mieku dk gh :i eku
fy;k tk,( vFkkZr mieku dk mies; esa vkjksi dj vHksn LFkkfir fd;k x;k gks] ogk° :id vyadkj gksrk gSA
tSlsµ ^bldk eq[k panz gS* ;gk° eq[k vkSj panz ,d gh gSa] vFkkZr vHksn gSa( blfy, ;gk° :id vyadkj gSA
vU; mnkgj.k %
1- eS;k eSa rks panz&f[kykSuk ySgksaA
2- pj.k dey cankS gfjjkbZA
3- xksih in&iadt ikou dh jtA
4- lc izkf.k;ksa eRr eukse;wj vgk ukp jgkA

5- ekFks fdjhV cM+s n`x papy] ean g°lh eq[kpan tqgkbZA
6- lqeu f>axwyk lksgS ru Nfc Hkkjh nSA
7- datdyh ukf;dk yrku flj lkjh nSA
8- ftl v#.k&diksyksa dh erokyh lqanj Nk;k esaA
ikB;&iqLrd ^Li'kZ Hkkx&2* esa iz;qDr :id vyadkj mnkgj.k %
1- fcjg Hkqoaxe ru clS] ea= u ykxS dksbA 4- QM+dk vikj okfjn ijA
2- nsf[k nqigjh tsB dh Nk°gkas pkgfr Nk°gA 5- ns çdk'k dk fla/kq vifjferA
3- vius lglz n`x&lqeu QkM+A 6- nq%[k jkf= esa djs oapuk esjh ftl fnu fuf[ky eghA
¼x½ mRizs{kk vyadkj % tgk° :i vkSj xq.k dh lekurk dkj.k mies; esa mieku dh dYiuk ;k
laHkkouk ekuks] euks] T;ksa] tuq vkfn dk iz;ksx dj O;Dr dh tkrh gS] ogk° mRizs{kk vyadkj gksrk gSA tSlsµ
^lksgr vks<+s ihr iV] L;ke lyksus xkrA eugq° uhyefu lSy ij vkri ij~;kS izHkkrAA* esa Hkxoku —".k ';ke
'kjhj esa ûhyef.k ioZr* dh vkSj ihrkacj dh /kwi esa îzHkkr dh ihyh&ihyh fdj.kks*a dh laHkkouk O;Dr dh xbZ gSA
vU; mnkgj.k %
1- dgrs gq, ;ksa mRrjk us= ty ls Hkj x,] fge d.kksa ls iw.kZ ekuks gks x, iadt u,A
2- Qw ys gSa dq eqn Qw yh ekyrh l?ku cu] Qw fy jgs rkjs ekuks eksrh vufxu gSaA
3- ekukS Hkhr tkfu egklhr rsa ilkfj ikfu ekuks] Nfr;k° dh Nk°g jk[;kS ikod fNik; A
4- ^lwjnkl* vcyk ge Hkksjh] xqj pkaVh T;kSa ikxhA
5- lks tuq gejsfg ekFks dk<+kA
6- rqEg rkS dkyq gk°d tuq ykokA
ikB;&iqLrd ^Li'kZ Hkkx&2* esa iz;qDr mRizs{kk vyadkj mnkgj.k %
eukS uhyefu&lSy ij vkriq ij~;kS izHkkrA
¼?k½ vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj % tc fdlh ckr dks bruk c<+k&p<+kdj dgk tkrk gS fd og yksd lhek
ckgj gks rc ogk° vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj gksrk gSA tSlsµ
vkxs ufn;k iM+h vikj] ?kksM+k dS ls mrjs ikjA
jk.kk us lkspk bl ikj] rc rd psrd Fkk ml ikjA
vU; mnkgj.kµ
1- ftl ohjrk ls 'k=qvksa dk lkeuk mlus fd;kA
vleFkZ gks ml dFku esa] ekSu ok.kh us fy;kAA
2- guqeku dh iw°N esa yxu u ikbZ vkxA yadk flxjh ty xbZ] x, fulkpj HkkxAA
3- ns[k yks lkr uxjh gS ;gh] LoxZ ls feyus xxu dks tk jghA
4- og 'kj b/kj xk.Mho xq.k ls fHkUu tSls gh gqvkA
/kM+ ls t;nzFk dk m/kj flj fNUu oSls gh gqvkAA
ikB;&iqLrd ^Li'kZ Hkkx&2* esa iz;qDr vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj mnkgj.k %
1- dkxn ij fy[kr u cur] dgr l°nl s q ytkrA
2- dfggS lcq rsjkS fg;kS] esjs fg; dh ckrA
3- [khap nks vius [kw° ls Êkeha ij ydhjA
vyadkj 39
¼³½ ekuohdj.k v yadkj % tgk° tM+ iz—fr esa ekuoh; fØ;kvksa rFkk Hkkoukvksa dk vkjksi gks] ogk°
vya
ekuohdj.k vyadkj gksrk gSA tSlsµ es?k vk, cM+s cu&Bu l°oj A
vU; mnkgj.k %
1- xqykc f[kydj cksykµ eSa vkx dk xksyk ugha] izhr dh dfork gw°A
2- o`{kksa dh Vgfu;k° ckny ls ckrsa djrh gSaA
3- vuqjkx Hkjs rkjksa us vk°[ksa [kksyhaA la/;k lqanjh ijh&lh uhps mrjhA
4- enu eghi tw dks ckyd clar rkfgA
5- mldh Le`fr ikFks; cuh gS Fk ifFkd dh iaFkk dhA
6- [kM+&[kM+ dj rky ctk ukp jgh folq/k gokA
ikB;&iqLrd ^Li'kZ Hkkx&2* esa iz;qDr ekuohdj.k vyadkj mnkgj.k %
1- fxfj dk xkSjo xkdj >j&>jA 7- QM+dk vikj okfjn ijA
2- en esa ul&ul mRrsftr djA 8- ;ksa tyn&;ku esa fopj&fopjA
3- fxfjoj mj ls mB&mB djA 9- Fkk banz [ksyrk banztkyA
4- mPpkdka{kkvksa ls r#ojA 10- mUgsa crkrh gS ;g rksiA
5- gSa >k°d jgs uhjo uHk ijA 11- fd eSa cM+h tcjA
6- vfues"k] vVy] dq N fpark ijA 12- os crkrh gSa fd njvly fdruh Hkh cM+h gks rksiA
¼p½ vU;ksfDr vyadkj % tgk° vizLrqr mieku ek/;e ls izLrqr mies; dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gks]
ogk° vU;ks fDr vyadkj gksrk gSA tSlsµ
ufga ijkx ufga e/kqj e/kq] ufga fodkl bfg dkyA
vfy dyh gh lksa ca/;ks vkxs dkSu gokyAA
;gk° ^vfy* ek/;e ls ,d ,sls jktk dh vksj lar fd;k x;k gS tks fd'kksj voLFkk dh jkuh izse
esa lc dq N Hkqyk cSBk gSA
vU; mnkgj.k %
1- ftu fnu ns[ks os dq lqe] xbZ lqchfr cgkjA vc vfy jgh xqykc esa] vir d°Vhyh MkjAA
2- ejrq I;kl fiatjk ij~;kS] lqvk le; Qs jA vknj nS&nS cksfy;rq] ck;lq cfy dh csjAA
3- LokjFk] lq—r u Je o`Fkk] nsf[k fogax fopkfjA ckt ijk, ikfu ifj] rw iPNhuq u ekfjAA
4- rqe lqudj lq[k ikvksxs] ns[kksxs&;g xkxj jhrhA
5- lhou dks m/ksM+ dj ns[kksxs D;ksa esjh daFkk dh\
fo'ks"k % ikB~;iqLrd esa bu vkB vyadkjksa ls i`Fkd vU; vyadkj Hkh fn, x, gSaA Nk=ksa fy, mudh
mi;ksfxrk dks ns[krs gq, mudk ifjp; fuEufyf[kr gSµ
¼d½ iqu#fDr izdk'k vyadkj % tc dkO; esa fdlh 'kCn dh iqujko`fRr gksrh gS] rc ogk° iqu#fDr
izdk'k vyadkj gksrk gSA tSlsµ ê/kqj cpu dfg&dfg ifjrks"kha*A ;gk° dfg dk iz;ksx nks ckj gksus ls dkO;
lkSan;Z esa o`n~f/k gks jgh gSA vr% ;gk° iqu#fDr izdk'k vyadkj gSA
vU; mnkgj.k %
1- fy[ku cSfB tkdh lch] xfg&xfg xjc x:jA
2- vkn# nS&nS cksfy;r] ck;lq cfy dh csjA
3- >we&>we e`nq xjt&xjt ?ku?kksjA
4- ?ksj&?ksj ?kksj xxu] /kkjk/kj vks!
5- yfyr&yfyr] dkys ?kq°?kjkysA
6- ?kj&?kj Hkj nsrs gksA
7- ij&ij dj nsrs gksA
ikB;&iqLrd ^Li'kZ Hkkx&2* esa iz;qDr iqu#fDr izdk'k vyadkj mnkgj.k %
1- iksFkh if<+&if<+ tx eqok] iafMr Hk;k u dksbA 2- vPNs&vPNs lwjekvksa ÌTtsA
3- Å°pk&Å°pk egy c.kkoaA 4- ejrs&ejrs jgk ck°diu lkfFk;ksA
5- >j&>j] ul&ul] mB&mB] fopj&fopjA 6- ro eq[k igpku°w fNu&fNu esaA
7- e/kqj&e/kqj] ;qx&;qx] iqyd&iqyd] flgj&flgj] fog°l&fog°l] xy&xyA
¼[k½ iz'ukyadkj % tc dkO; esa dksbZ iafDr iz'u :i esa vkrh gS] rks ogk° iz'ukyadkj gksrk gSA
tSlsµ ^/kjrh ilhth gS dgha\* esa iz'u vkus ls iz'ukyadkj gSA
vU; mnkgj.k %
1- Hkw[k ls lw[k vksaB tc tkrs] nkrk&HkkX;&fo/kkrk ls D;k ikrs\
2- vks fu;fr ! rw lqu jgh gS\
3- la?k"kZ ls gVdj ft, rks D;k ft, ge ;k fd rqe\
4- eq> Hkwys ij ml vrhr dk] D;k ,slk gh gksxk /;ku\
vyadkj esa varj %
'kCnkya d kj vFkkZ y a d kj
d- ;fn fdlh dkO;ka'k dk lkSan;Z fdlh 'kCn fo'ks"k d- tgk° vFkZ ;k Hkko dkj.k dkO; esa lkSan;Z gks] ogk°
ij fuHkZj djs rks ogk° 'kCnkyadkj gksrk gSA tSlsµ vFkZkyadkj gksrk gSA tSlsµ îoZr&lk gS o{k jke dk* esa
^ltuk gS eq>s ltuk fy,*A ;gk° ^ltuk* 'kCn ls o{k dh rqyuk ioZr ls fd, tkus Hkko esa gh dkO;ka'k
gh dkO;ka'k lkSan;Z esa o`n~f/k gks jgh gSA dk lkSan;Z gS] vr% ;gk° vFkkZyadkj gSA
[k- vuqizkl ] ;ed rFkk 'ys"k 'kCnkyadkj gSaA [k- miek] :id] vfr'k;ksfDr] vU;ksfDr] mRizs{kk rFkk
ekuohdj.k vFkkZyadkj gSaA
miek :id
d- miek esa mies; rFkk mieku esa lekurk LFkkfir d- :id esa mies; rFkk mieku dks ,d gh eku fy;k
dh tkrh gSA tSlsµiadt ls ikou in ij 'kh'k tkrk gSA tSlsµ in&iadt ikou ij 'kh'k /k:°A ;gk°
/k:°A ;gk° mies; ¼in½ rFkk mieku ¼iadt½ esa mies; ¼in½ rFkk mieku ¼iadt½ dks ,d :i eku
lekurk fn[kkbZ gSA fy;k x;k gSA
[k- miek esa okpd 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA tSlsµ [k- :id esa okpd 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
le] lk] tSlh] rqY; vkfnA
;ed 'ys " k
;ed vyadkj esa ,d gh 'kCn dh vko`fRr gksrh 'ys"k vyadkj esa 'kCn ,d ckj gh vkrk gS ijarq ml
gS vkSj gj ckj mldk vFkZ vyx gksrk gSA tSlsµ vFkZ nks ;k vf/kd gksrs gSaA tSlsµ eaxu dks ns[k
^dud dud rs lkS xquh] ekndrk vf/kdk;*µ;gk° iV nsr ckj&ckj gSA ;gk° iV 'kCn nks vFkZ gSaµ
dud 'kCn nks ckj vk;k gS] igyh ckj dk vFkZ ¼1½ iV ¾ njokÊkk ¼2½ iV ¾ diM+k
gS lksuk ¼Lo.kZ½ rFkk nwljh ckj dud dk vFkZ
/krwjk fy;k x;k gSA
vyadkj 41
vH;kl
vH;kl-iziz'u
I. fuEufyf[kr iz ' uks a mRrj nhft,µ
1- vuqizkl vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ
¼d½ ,slh ck°.kh cksfy;s] eu dk vkik [kksbA ¼x½ gfj vki gjks tu jh ihjA
¼[k½ dkyh ?kVk dk ?keaM ?kVkA ¼?k½ vjfoan ls f'k'kq&oàn dS ls lks jgsA
2- ;ed vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ
¼d½ gfj vki gjks tu jh ihjA ¼x½ ygj&ygj dj ;fn pwes rks] fdafpr fopfyr er gksukA
¼[k½ eaxu dks nsf[k iV nsr ckj&ckj gSA ¼?k½ fuand usM+k jkf[k;s] vk°xf.k dq Vh c°/kkbA
3- miek vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ
¼d½ eksj eqxV ihrkEcj lkSgsA ¼x½ lglckgq Hkqt Nsnfu gkjkA
¼[k½ vfues"k] vVy] dq N fpark ijA ¼?k½ eksrh dh yfM+;ksa&ls lqanjA
4- :id vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ
¼d½ ;qx&;qx çfrfnu çfr{k.k çfriyA ¼x½ rhu csj [kkrh Fkha os] rhu csj [kkrh gSaA
¼[k½ vius lglz n`x&lqeu QkM+A ¼?k½ crjl&ykyp yky dh eqjyh /kjh yqdkbA
5- vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ
¼d½ vks fu;fr ! rw lqu jgh gS\ ¼x½ [khap nks vius [kw° ls Êkeha ij ydhj
¼[k½ gSa >k°d jgs uhjo uHk ijA ¼?k½ o`{kksa dh Vgfu;k° ckny ls ckrsa djrh gSaA
6- ekuohdj.k vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ
¼d½ eksj eqxV ihrkEcj lkSgsA ¼x½ gfj vki gjks tu jh ihjA
¼[k½ ikol _rq Fkh] ioZr izns'kA ¼?k½ fxfj dk xkSjo xkdj >j&>jA
7- ^dgykus ,dr clr vfg e;wj] e`x ck?k* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gS\
¼d½ vuqizkl ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ iqu#fDr izdk'k
8- ^fxfj dk xkSjo xkdj >j&>j* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gS\
¼d½ miek ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ vfr'k;ksfDr ¼?k½ iqu#fDr izdk'k
9- ^txrq rikscu lkS fd;kS nhj?k&nk?k funk?k* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gS\
¼d½ miek ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ vfr'k;ksfDr ¼?k½ ekuohdj.k
10- ^ns çdk'k dk fla/kq vifjfer* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gSµ
¼d½ vfr'k;ksfDr ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ vuqizkl ¼?k½ ekuohdj.k
11- ^ns[k yks lkr uxjh gS ;gh] LoxZ ls feyus xxu dks tk jgh* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gS\
¼d½ vfr'k;ksfDr ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ ;ed
12- ên esa ul&ul mRrsftr dj* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gS\
¼d½ iqu#fDr izdk'k ¼[k½ ekuohdj.k ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ ;ed
13- ekuohdj.k vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ
¼d½ Å°pk&Å°pk egy c.kkoaA ¼x½ yfyr yfyr] dkys ?kq°?kjkysA
¼[k½ vks fu;fr ! rw lqu jgh gS\ ¼?k½ mUgsa crkrh gS ;s rksiA
14- vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ

¼d½ ro eq[k igpku°w fNu&fNu esaA ¼x½ lhou dks m/ksM+ dj ns[kksxs D;ksa esjh daFkk dh\
¼[k½ ij&ij dj nsrs gksA ¼?k½ uSuu ty lksa ix /kks,A
15- :id vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ
¼d½ dksfV dq fyl le opu rqEgkjkA ¼x½ eS;k eSa rks panz&f[kykSuk ySgksaA
¼[k½ lks tuq gejsfg ekFks dk<+kA ¼?k½ cky dYiuk &ls ikysA
16- ^rksrs&lk jVs ugha* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ vuqizkl ¼[k½ miek ¼x½ :id ¼?k½ mRisz{kk
17- ^[kk x;k ekuks >Vdk* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj fufgr gS\
¼d½ mRisz{kk ¼[k½ miek ¼x½ vuqizkl ¼?k½ ;ed
18- pank&rkjksa&lh lgt dkafr* & iafDr esa fufgr vyadkj pqfu,A
¼d½ ;ed ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ vuqizkl
¼d½ e`nq feV~Vh ¼[k½ e/kq&?kV ¼x½ e/kq I;kys ¼?k½ eerk ?kV
20- ^ml&ml]* ^lkFk&lkFk* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gqvk gS\
¼d½ vuqizkl ¼[k½ iqu#fDr ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ :id
21- ^fnf'k&fnf'k esa izse&izHkk&izlkj* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ ;ed ¼[k½ miek ¼x½ vuqizkl ¼?k½ 'ys"k
22- ^mlh mnkj dh lnk ltho d dhh £r dw trh* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ ekuohdj.k ¼[k½ mRizs{kk ¼x½ ;ed ¼?k½ 'ys"k
23- ^dkyh ?kVk dk ?keaM ?kVk* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ ;ed ¼[k½ miek ¼x½ vuqizkl ¼?k½ 'ys"k
¼d½ /kjrh ilhth gS dgha ¼[k½ gk°Q&gk°Q ¼x½ vuqjkx vykSfdd ¼?k½ fo"kqor~ js[kk dk oklh
25- ^pj.k&dey* esa iz;qDr vyadkj gSµ
¼d½ miek ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ mRisz{kk ¼?k½ ekuohdj.k
26- ^ckSuk cuk j[kk* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ vuqizkl ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ mRisz{kk ¼?k½ ;ed
27- miek vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gSµ
¼d½ dk£rd dh g°leq[k lqcg ¼x½ Hkhxh gok,° lnk ikou ek° ljh[kh
¼[k½ ueZ BaMh m°xfy;ksa ls xky Nw dj ¼?k½ fljgkus j[k ,d vatyh Qw y gj ¯lxkj
28- ^NksVs&NksVs* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gS\
¼d½ iqu#fDr izdk'k ¼[k½ miek ¼x½ vuqizkl ¼?k½ 'ys"k
29- ^ dw Vrh fd'kksfj;ksa dh dksfdy daBh* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gS\
¼d½ vuqizkl ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ ;ed
30- ^tks UU;k;&uhfr
;k;&uhfr dks v£ir gSa* esa vyadkj crkb,µ
¼d½ :id ¼[k½ 'ys"k ¼x½ ekuohdj.k ¼?k½ miek
vyadkj 43
31- êaxu dks ns[k iV nsr ckj&ckj gS* esa fdl vyadkj dk iz;ksx gS\
¼d½ vuqizkl ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ 'ys"k
32- ^NksVs&NksVs eksrh tSls* esa dkSu lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ 'ys"k ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ vuqizkl
33- ^ân;&lh*] ^Qwy&lh* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ vuqizkl ¼[k½ miek ¼x½ :id ¼?k½ mRizs{kk
34- vuqizkl vyadkj dk mnkgj.k Nk°fV,µ
¼d½ dq N dfy;k° ¼[k½ FkksM+h ykdj ¼x½ vJq dh vksl cgkuk ¼?k½ 'kq"d iq"i
35- ^LoxZ&lh* esa vyadkj crkb,µ
¼d½ ;ed ¼[k½ mRisz{kk ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ :id
36- ^,d ?kjkSans tSlk vkf¥kj fdruk vkSj <gsxk ns'k* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ mRizs{kk ¼[k½ miek ¼x½ vuqizkl ¼?k½ ;ed
37- ^Lo.kZ&lhax* esa vyadkj gSµ
¼d½ vuqizkl ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ iqu#fDr izdk'k
38- êkuks gok tksj ls lks;k gqvk lkxj txk* iafDr esa dkSu&lk vyadkj fufgr gS\
¼d½ mRizs{kk ¼[k½ miek ¼x½ vuqizkl ¼?k½ ;ed
39- ^tkxzr lc gks jgs gekjs gh vkxs gSa]* esa fufgr vyadkj gSµ
¼d½ ;ed ¼[k½ 'ys"k ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ vuqizkl
40- ^ dq lqekofy&lh iqyfdr egku* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ ;ed ¼[k½ 'ys"k ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ mRizs{kk
41- ^>we&>we*] ^xjt&xjt* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ ;ed ¼[k½ 'ys"k ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ iqu#fDr izdk'k
42- êq>s esjs ik°oksa ij NksM+ nks* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ :id ¼[k½ vuqizkl ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ ;ed
43- ^/kjk&o/kw* esa vyadkj gSµ
¼d½ miek ¼[k½ :id ¼x½ mRisz{kk ¼?k½ vuqizkl
44- ^niZ.k&lk* esa vyadkj gSµ
¼d½ :id ¼[k½ mRizs{kk ¼x½ vuqizkl ¼?k½ miek
45- ^tx thou esa tks fpj egku* esa fufgr vyadkj gSµ
¼d½ mRizs{kk ¼[k½ miek ¼x½ vuqizkl ¼?k½ :id
46- ^ysfdu eSa gj jkst mxk gw° tSls fnudj*] iafDr esa dkSu&lk vyadkj fufgr gS\
¼d½ ;ed ¼[k½ 'ys"k ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ :id
47- ^fxjh cw°n ve`r&lh vkdj* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ :id ¼[k½ mRizs{kk ¼x½ miek ¼?k½ ;ed
48- ^ftl tuuh us gS tuk* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\
¼d½ 'ys"k ¼[k½ ;ed ¼x½ :id ¼?k½ vuqizkl
II. fuEufyf[kr ia fDr;ks a es a vya d kj crkb, %

1- rw eksgu dS mj clh] g~oS mjclh lekuA --------------------------------------------------------
2- eqfnr eghifr eafnj vk,A ---------------------------------------------------------
3- gfjin dksey dey lsA ---------------------------------------------------------
4- dkfyanh dw y dnac dh MkjuA ---------------------------------------------------------
5- eS;k eSa rks panz&f[kykSuk ySgksaA ---------------------------------------------------------
6- rsjh cjNh us cj Nhus gSa [kyu A ---------------------------------------------------------
7- cjl jgk gS jfo vuy] Hkwry rok&lk ty jgkA ---------------------------------------------------------
8- og ftanxh D;k ftanxh tks flQZ ikuh&lh cghA ---------------------------------------------------------
9- fuiV fujadq l fuBqj fuladw A ---------------------------------------------------------
10- dq fVy] dq pky] dq deZ NksM+ nsA ---------------------------------------------------------
11- tlqefr&mnj&vxk/k mnf/k rSaA ---------------------------------------------------------
12- tks ur gqvk] og e`r gqvk] T;ksa oàr ls >jdj dq lqeA ---------------------------------------------------------
13- ukFk ldy lq[k lkFk rqEgkjsA ---------------------------------------------------------
14- pkVr jg~;kS Loku ikrfj T;ksa] dcgq u isV Hkj~;ksA ---------------------------------------------------------
15- [kqys dksjs i`"B tSlk] ogh mTToy ogh ikou :iA ---------------------------------------------------------
16- dkyh ?kVk dk ?keaM ?kVkA ---------------------------------------------------------
17- uHk ij pe&pe piyk pedhA ---------------------------------------------------------
18- f[kys gtkjksa pk°n rqEgkjs u;uksa vkdk'k esaA ---------------------------------------------------------
19- dkfydk&lh fdyfd dysÅ nsrh dky dksA ---------------------------------------------------------
20- fueZy rsjk uhj ve`r le mRre gSA ---------------------------------------------------------
21- foKku&;ku ij p<+h gqbZ lH;rk Mwcus tkrh gSA ---------------------------------------------------------
22- dksfdyk dykih] dy dw tr gS ftr&frrA ---------------------------------------------------------
23- og vaxkjksa lk e/kq&jl ih] 'kj&fdj.kksa&lk >we jgkA ---------------------------------------------------------

24- dw dS yxha dksbysa dnacu iS cSfB Qs fjA ---------------------------------------------------------
25- NksjVh gS xksjVh ;k pksjVh vghj dhA ---------------------------------------------------------
26- rjfu ruwtk rV&reky r#oj cgq Nk,A ---------------------------------------------------------
27- jkouq jFkh fojFk j?kqohjkA ---------------------------------------------------------
28- flj QV x;k mldk ogha ekuks v#.k jax dk ?kM+kA ---------------------------------------------------------
29- izkr uHk Fkk cgqr uhyk 'ka[k tSlsA ---------------------------------------------------------
30- lalkj dh lejLFkyh esa /khjrk /kkj.k djksA ---------------------------------------------------------

6 y?kqdFkk ys[ku
[SHORT STORY WRITING]
loZizFke ;s iz'u vkrk gS fd y?kqdFkk D;k gS\

;gk° y?kq dk vFkZ gS NksVh vkSj dFkk dk vFkZ gS dgkuhA
bl izdkj y?kqdFkk dk vFkZ gS NksVh dgkuhA vc NksVh dgkuh D;k gS\ bldks le>us fy, ge lcls igys
bl nwljs ukeksa ckjs esa tkurs gSa fd budks D;k&D;k dgrs gSaµ
1- y?kqdFkk@NksVh dgkuh 4- v.kqdFkk
2- iksLVdkMZ dFkk 5- gFksyh dFkk
3- vk'kqdFkk 6- ike LVksjh vkSj caxkyh Hkk"kk esa xYQ
vc tc bl brus uke gSa rks bldk eryc gekjs thou esa bldk cgqr egRo gSA vDlj vkius ns[kk gksxk fd
tks cM+&s cqÊkxZ gksrs gS]a os cPpksa dks le>kus fy, NksVh lh dgkuh lqukrs gSa] ftlls ckr mudh le> esa vklkuh
ls vk tkrh gSA lkekU;r% y?kqdFkk dk mn~ns'; gksrk gSµ
● mins ' k ns u s fy,
● thou vius vuq H ko dks cPpks a dks le>kus fy,
● egRRoiw . kZ ckrks a dks ^y?kq d Fkk* :i es a le>kus fy,
laiw.kZ lkfgR; dh fo/kkvksa dks ge fuEufyf[kr Hkkxksa esa oxhZ—r dj ldrs gSaµ
lkfgR; dh fo/kk
fo/kk,, °
Þ
Þ
xn~ ; in~ ;
miU;kl] dgkuh] fuca/k] y?kqdFkk vkfnA nksgk] in] xÊky] dfork] lksjBk vkfnA
xn~; fo/kk varxZr miU;kl dgkuh ,oa y?kqdFkk bu rhuksa esa eq[;r% Ng rRoksa dk fuokZg fd;k tkrk gSA og
Ng rRo fuEufyf[kr gSµ a
1- dFkkud ¼dgkuh½ 3- laokn@dFkksidFku 5- mn~ns';
2- ik= 4- Hkk"kk&'kSyh 6- okrkoj.k
;g Ng fo'ks"krk,° rhuksa esa gksrh gSa& miU;kl esa Hkh] dgkuh esa Hkh ,oa y?kqdFkk esa HkhA ;s lc ,d tSls gSa] ij
varj oy vkdkj esa gksrk gS&
œ miU;kl esa& iwjs thou dh dgkuh gksrh gSA
œ dgkuh esa& thou ,d Hkkx dh dgkuh gksrh gSA
œ y?kqdFkk esa& thou ,d {k.k dh dgkuh gksrh gSA
;gk° ;g lc crkus dk mn~ns'; ;g gS fd] ,d dgkuh ^^,d Fkk jktk] ,d Fkh jkuh] nksuksa ej x;s] [kRe
dgkuh** okLro esa dgkuh ;k y?kqdFkk gS ;k ugha\
blesa dFkkud ugha gS] ik= rks gS ij laokn ugha gS] Hkk"kk rks gS ysfdu mldk dksbZ mn~ns'; ugha gS lkFk gh blesa
dksbZ okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k ugha fd;k x;k gS] blfy, ;g dgkuh ugha gS] vkSj u gh y?kqdFkk gSA
y?kqdFFkkkk xn~; dh oks ffo/kk
o/kk gS tks vkdkj esa y?kq gS] ijarq mlesa dFkk lHkh rRo fon~;eku jgrs gSaA
y?kqrk gh bldh izeq[k igpku gSA
^y?kq dFkk* fn[kus esa NksVh vo'; gksrh gS] ij ikBd eu ij bldk izHkko cgqr xgjk iM+rk gSA dgkuh dh
rqyuk esa y?kqdFkk fy[kuk dfBu gSA y?kq dFkk esa fuEufyf[kr izeq[k xq.k fon~;eku gksus pkfg,µ
1- laf{kIrrk µ y?kqdFkk dk lkjk xq.k mldh y?kqrk esa fufgr gksrk gS] mlesa dgkuh leku foLrkj dh
{kIrrkµ
xqatkb'k ugha gksrhA
2- lkafrdrkfrdrkµµ y?kqdFkk esa ys[kd viuh ckr larksa esa O;Dr djrk gSA vr% lkafrdrk y?kqdFkk dh
'kSyh dk fof'k"V xq.k gSA
3- mn~s';rk;rkµµ y?kqdFkk esa mldk dksbZ u dksbZ mn~ns'; vo'; fufgr gksrk gSA
y?kqdFkk fy[krs le; fuEufyf[kr fcanqvksa dks /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A
1- izR;sd 'kCn vkSj iafDr dk egRo gksuk pkfg,A
2- de ls de 'kCnksa esa ?kVuk dk o.kZu ,oa igyh iafDr ls gh ftKklk dk Hkko vk tkuk pkfg,] fd vkxs
D;k gksxkA
3- 'kh"kZd bnZ&fxnZ ?kVuk izokg cuk jguk pkfg,A
4- cgqr lkjs Hkko o ik= ugha gksus pkfg,A
5- lans'k dk gksuk vR;ar vko';d gSA
6- y?kqdFkk esa lkekftd egRo fufgr gksuk pkfg,A
7- lh/ks dsafnzr ckr dguh pkfg,A
y?kqdFkk iz'uksa dk :i
1- 'kh"kZd nsdj dgkuh fy[kukA
2- fdlh ?kVuk dk fooj.k nsrs gq, ml ij dgkuh fy[kus dks dgukA
3- fp= nsdj dksbZ dguh fy[kus fy, dgukA
4- vki thou dh dksbZ ?kVuk ;k {k.k&fo'ks"k tks ;knxkj cu x;k gks] mls dgkuh dh rjg crkukA
5- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ :i esa dgkuh iwjk djus fy, dgukA
6- v/kwjh dgkuh dks iwjh dhft, o 'kh"kZd nhft,] bR;kfnA
/;ku nhft,
nhft,µ µ ijh{kk gsrq y?kqdFkk ys[ku fy, 100 &120 'kCn fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gSa µ
mnkgj.k rkSj ij uhps dq N y?kqdFkk,° nh xbZ gSaA vki yksx bUgsas if<+, vkSj fy[kus dk vH;kl dhft,µ
'kh"kZd nsdj y?kqdFkk fy[kuk µ
fy[kukµ
iapra= lsµ ¼1½ /kksch vkSj x/kk
fdlh LFkku ij 'kqn~/kiV uked /kksch jgrk FkkA ml ikl ,d x/kk FkkA og ?kkl dh deh dkj.k nqcyk
gksrk tk jgk FkkA ,d fnu taxy esa ?kwers gq,] /kksch dks ,d ejk gqvk 'ksj feykA mlus ml ejs gq, 'ksj dh [kky
x/ks dks iguk nhA vc tc x/kk [ksr esa Qly [kkus tkrk rks [ksr j[kokys mls 'ksj le> dj Hkkx tkrs Fks vkSj
x/kk isV Hkj dj /kku [kk ysrk FkkA x/kk /khjs /khjs [kwc eksVk rkÊkk gks x;kA
,d fnu tc x/kk [ksr esa /kku [kk jgk Fkk rks mls nwj ls fdlh x/ks jsadus dh vkokt vk;h Msapw Msapw ---A mls
lqurs gh mlus Hkh tksj ls jsaduk vkjaHk dj fn;kA [ksr j[kokys le> x;s fd 'ksj dh [kky esa okLro esa x/kk gSA
mUgksaus mls ykBh] iRFkjksa ls ekj MkykA
f'k{kk
f'k{kkµµ xyr dk;Z fdruh gh lko/kkuh ls fd;k tk,] var esa mldh iksy [kqy gh tkrh gS vkSj mldh lÊkk
Hkqxruh iM+rh gSA
y?kqdFkk ys[ku 47
¼2½ czkg~e.k vkSj dM+k

fdlh LFkku ij czg~enRr uked czkg~e.k jgrk FkkA og fdlh dke ls ckgj tk jgk FkkA mldh ekrk us mls
fdlh dks lkFk ys tkus dks dgkA mlus ek° dks vk'oLr fd;k fd og Mjs ugha] dke lekIr dj og 'kh?kz gh okil
vk tk;sxkA ek° us iqu% vkxzg fd;k rks mlus ekrk opu eku dj] ikl gh iM+k dM+k mBk dj viuh
diwj&iqfVdk esa j[k fy;kA jkLrs esa mls xehZ yxhA og ,d Nk;knkj o`{k uhps lks x;kA blh chp o`{k dh dksVj
ls ,d lk°i fudyk mls diwj dh xa/k fiz; yxhA og czkg~e.k oL=ksa dks Hksn dj diwj iqfVdk dks [kkus yxkA
diwj&iqfVdk esa ekStwn dM+s us lk°i dks ekj MkykA
tc czge~ nRr mBk rks cksyk] ^^bl dM+s us lk°i ls esjh j{kk dh gS ek° us Bhd gh dgk Fkk fd ,d ls Hkys nksA**
f'k{kk
f'k{kkµ cM+ksa dh vkKk dk lnSo ikyu djuk pkfg,A mudk vuqHko gekjh j{kk djrk gSA
fgrksins'k lsµ ¼3½ gal vkSj dkSvk
mTt;uh uxjh esa ,d cgqr cM+k ihiy dk isM+ FkkA ml ij gal rFkk dkSvk jgrs FksA ,d ckj xehZ esa ,d
ifFkd Fkdk gqvk ogk° vk;k rFkk vius /kuq"k ck.k j[k dj lks x;kA FkksM+h nsj ckn ml eq°g ij /kwi vk x;hA
ifFkd eq[k ij /kwi vkrh ns[k] isM+ ij jgus okys g°l us n;kiwoZd vius ia[k QS yk dj Nk;k dj nhA
LokHkkfod nqtZurk rFkk nwljksa dk lq[k lgu u djus okyk dkSvk ifFkd eq°g ij chV dj Hkkx x;kA ifFkd
us mB dj Åij g°l dks ns[kk rks ;g le> dj fd chV blus dh gS] rhj pyk dj gal dks ekj MkykA
blhfy, dgk x;k gSµ nqtuZ lkFk ugha jguk pkfg,A nq"V dkS, lkFk jgus dkj.k lTtu g°l ekjk x;kA
lh-ch-,l-bZ- izfrn'kZ iz'ui= lsµ ¼1½ xaxk vkSj eSa
esjs firkth dk LFkkukraj.k gfjn~okj gqvk FkkA viuk dk;ZHkkj laHkkyus ckn ls gh os ge lcdks gfjn~okj vkus
fy, dg jgs FksA ifjokj esa lHkh gfjn~okj tkus fy, mRlkfgr FksA ijarq esjk eu eqacbZ tSls egkuxj dh
pdkpkSa/k dks NksM+dj gfjn~okj tkus fy, jkÊkh ugha FkkA
u pkgrs gq, Hkh eq>s ifjokj lkFk gfjn~okj tkuk iM+kA ogk° igqpus nwljs fnu lqcg gh ek° us eq>s mBkrs gq,
dgk] ^^tYnh mBks! ge lc xaxk n'kZu fy, py jgs gSaA** eSa vueus eu ls mBdj xaxk ?kkV igq°pkA ogk° dk
euksje n`'; ns[kdj eSa vfHkHkwr gks x;kA xaxk ekrk dks ns[kdj eq>s ,d nSoh; ÅtkZ dk ,glkl gqvkA eSa xaxkty
Li'kZ djus fy, >qdk vkSj ifo= ty dh dq N cawnsa vius eLrd ij yxkb±] esjs us= Lor% gh can gks x,A eSaus
ns[kk lkeus lk{kkr xaxk eb;k [kM+ha Fkha mu eq[k ij nq[k dh js[kk,° fn[k jgha FkhaA eSaus eu gh eu muls iwNk ^êkrk
vki Jheq[k ij ;g mnklh D;ksa\**
xaxk ekrk us dgk ^^,d vksj rks rqe lc eq>s ekrk dgrs gks] nwljh vksj eq>s iznwf"kr dj esjk vieku djrs
gks] ek° lc dq N lgu dj ldrh gS] ijarq vius cPpksa n~okjk fd;k x;k vieku ml vareZu dks ?kk;y dj nsrk
gSA** xaxk eS;k ;g nq%[kn 'kCn lqudj esjk fny Hkj vk;kA vkSj eSaus iz.k fy;k fd eSa vius Lrj ij ekrk xaxk
dks iznw"k.k eqDr djus dk iwjk iz;kl d:°xkA viuh bl eqfge esa lks'ky ehfM;k dh enn ls vf/kd ls vf/kd
yksxksa dks tksM+us dk iz;kl d:°xkA ftlls xaxk ekrk fQj ls LoPN o fueZy gksdj vuojr cgrh jgsA ,sls fopkj
eu esa Hkjdj eSa ifjokj lkFk ?kj vk x;kA
¼2½ ;fn eSa v¥kckj gksrk
'kekZ th us eq>s vFkkZr~ v¥kckj dks i<+dj esÊk ij j[kk vkSj iRuh ls cksys] ^^pyks! le; gks x;k gS rqEgsa
fon~;ky; NksM+ dj eSa vius dk;kZy; pyk tkÅ°xkA** Jhefr ,oa Jh 'kekZ th tkrs gh ?kj esa lUukVk Nk x;kA
rHkh cSBd esa j[kk lks¤k cksyk] ^^vc 'kke rd dh NqV~Vh] eSa rks vc vkjke d:°xk] ugha rks dHkh dksbZ rks dHkh dksbZ
eq> ij vkdj cSB tkrk gSA** Nr ij yVdk ia[kk cksyk] ^^gk° HkbZ] eSa Hkh vc lksÅ°xk ?kwers&?kwers Fkd x;k g°wA**
rHkh Qw ynku esa j[ks Qw y us eq>ls dgk ^^vjs v¥kckj nknk] vki Hkh dq N dfg,] vki pqi D;ksa gS\**
eSaus yach lkal Hkjrs gq, dgk] ^êSa D;k cksyw°\ eSa rks vc cw<+k gks pqdk gw°A tc eSa u;k&u;k nqfu;k esa vk;k Fkk
rks yksx eq>s cM+s pko ls i<+rs Fks] eq>esa Nih ¥kcjsa mudh ppkZ dk fo"k; gksrh FkhaA tSls&tSls fnu chrrs x,] eSa
cM+k gksrk x;kA le; lkFk eSa laqnj] jaxhu vkSj euksjatd gksrk x;kA lekt dk gj oxZ eq>s cM+s pko ls i<+rk
FkkA yksxksa dks esjs vkus dk barÊkkj jgrk FkkA mu fnu dk vkjaHk esjs lkFk gksrk FkkA ijarq vc le; cny x;k gS]
igys jsfM;ks fQj VsyhfoÊku vkSj vc eksckby us esjk LFkku ys fy;k gSA vc eSa cw<+k Hkh gks pyk gw°A ijarq vHkh Hkh
esjs dq N fe= gSa] tks eq>s cM+s pko ls i<+rs gSaA yk[k lks'ky fefM;k gksus ckoÊkwn eq>s ogh igys tSlk eku nsrs
gSaA vius cPpksa dks v¥kckj i<+us dh lykg nsrs gSaA ftlls mudk KkuktZu gks lA cl ;gh gS esjh dgkuh**A
bruk dgdj eSa 'kkar gks x;k vkSj vius iqjkus fnuksa dh ;knksa esa [kks x;kA ?kj esa fQj ls lUukVk ilj x;kA
fn, x, fp= dks ns[kdj y?kqdFkk fy[kuk fy[kukµ
mijksDr n`'; lhrk&Lo;aoj ls lacaf/kr gSA bl fp= esa Hkxoku jke us f'ko /kuq"k dks rksM+ fn;k gSA vU; jktk
rFkk ogk° mifLFkr lHkh yksx Jhjke dh t;&t;dkj dj jgs gSaA ekaMoh] mfeZyk vkfn cgusa lhrk dks ysdj
Jhjke dh vksj vk jgh gSaA lhrkth gkFk esa ojekyk gSA jktk tud dh izfrKkuqlkj f'ko /kuq"k dks rksM+us okys
O;fDr lkFk lhrk dk fookg gksuk fuf'pr gqvk FkkA egf"kZ fo'okfe= jke vkSj y{e.k dks ysdj fefFkyk x,
Fks] tgk° vU; jktkvksa /kuq"k dh izR;apk p<+kus esa vlQy gksus ij egf"kZ vkns'k ij Jhjke /kuq"k dh izR;apk
p<+kus fy, rRij gq, FksA
mi;qZDr fp= dks ns[kdj vius 'kCnksa esa y?kqdFkk fy[kus dk iz;kl djsaµ
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y?kqdFkk ys[ku 49
jkgqy d{kk nl esa i<+us okyk ,d 'kjkjrh ckyd FkkA og cgqr fÊkn~nh Hkh FkkA og firk th ls dkj pykuk
lh[kus dh fÊkn djus yxk rks firk th us mls [kkyh lM+d ij FkksM+h nsj dkj pyok nhA bl ckn jkgqy firkth
dh vuqefr fcuk Hkh Mªkboj lkFk dkj pykus yxkA firk th us irk pyus ij mls euk fd;k vkSj le>k;k
fd og vHkh NksVk gSA ,d fnu og vius Ldw y nksLrksa lkFk dkj ysdj pyk x;k vkSj iqfyl okys us mls
jksddj idM+ fy;kA mlus jkgqy ekrk&firk dks iqfyl LVs'ku cqyk;k vkSj jkgqy dh f'kdk;r dhA
fdlh ?kVuk dk fooj.k nsrs gq, ml ij y?kqdFkk fy[kuk fy[kukµ
^pksj* ?kj esa ?kqlsA lc lks jgs FksA mUgksaus ?kj dk lc lkeku pknjksa esa ck°/k fy;kA lkeku mBkdj pyus dh
rS;kjh dj jgs FksA vpkud ,d yM+dk mBkA og ckFk:e esa x;kA pksj nk,°&ck,° fNi x,A ckyd f[kM+dh ls
dw nkA ckgj vkdj izos'k n~okj ckgj ls can dj fn;kA xyh esa 'kksj epk fn;kA yksx bdV~Bk gks x,A pksj j°xs gkFkksa
idM+s x,A os Hkkx Hkh ugha ik,A bl pksjh dh ?kVuk dks y?kqdFkk :i esa fyf[k,A
pksj vksj eSa
eSa lks;k gqvk FkkA dejs esa dq N vkokÊk gqbZA esjh vk°[k [kqy xbZA eSaus ns[kkµ ^pkj pksj*A pkjksa eq°g ij
^dkyk diM+kA* dej esa ^reaps c°/ks* FksA pksjh&MdSrh dh ?kVukvksa dks v¥kckjksa esa i<+dj oSls gh gkyr ¥kjkc
jgrh gSA eSaus lkspkµ pqi iM+k jgA lksus dk ukVd dj ojuk fcu ekSr ekjk tk,xkA ysfdu tc tx x, rks gekjk
lkgl Hkh tx x;kA uhan esa >wers gq, ckFk:e esa x,A ckFk:e vanj ls can fd;kA geus pkjksa vk°[kksa ls ns[kkA pksj
Hkh nk,°&ck,° fNi x,A rhu pknjksa esa caÍkk lkeku ogha iM+k FkkA ckFk:e dh f[kM+dh ckgj Hkh [kqyrh FkhA
bZ'oj&—ik ls FkksM+h dksf'k'k esa gh ge ?kj ckgjA igys izos'k&n~okj ckgj ls can fd;kA pksjksa us mls [kqyk NksM+
fn;k FkkA geus xyh esa 'kksj epk;kA ,d&nks edkuksa dh ?kaVh ctkbZA gks x, yksx bdV~BsA ?ksj fy, x, pksjA mu
reaps Hkh udyh fudysA lcdks idM+ fy;kA iqfyl gokys fd;kA lksrs jgrs rks fdruh cM+h nq?kZVuk gksrhA
vH;kl-iz'u
1- fuEufyf
fuEufyf[kr [kr lar ¯cnqvksa vk/kkj ij 'kh"kZd nsrs gq, y?kqdFkk fyf[k,%
(i) taxy esa 'ksj dk izfrfnu tkuoj [kkuk -------------- cw<+s [kjxks'k dk 'ksj ikl tkuk --------------------
dq° , esa 'ksj dk izfr¯cc fn[kkuk ---------------- 'ksj dk ejukA
(ii) ,d fdlku pkj iq= ---------------- iq=ksa dk vkil esa >xM+k ---------------- fdlku dk ydfM+;k°
eaxokuk ---------------- ca/kh ydfM+;k° u rksM+ ikukA
(iii) xjfM+;s dk HksM+ pjkus taxy tkuk -------------- 'ksj vkus dk >wBk 'kksj epkuk -------------- xk°o okyksa dk
enn dks vkuk ------------ xjfM+, dk fQj ls 'kksj epkuk ----------- xk°o okyksa dk mls Mk°Vuk -----------
lp esa 'ksj vkukA
(iv) f'kdkjh dk tky fcNkuk ---------------- dcwrjksa dk nkus fc[kjs ns[kuk ---------------- cw<+s dcwrj dk
lcdks le>kuk ---------------- dcwrjksa dk tky esa Q°luk ---------------- cw<+s dcwrj dh lykg ls
cpukA
(v) taxy esa 'ksj dk lksuk ---------------- 'kjkjrh pwgs dk ijs'kku djuk ---------------- 'ksj dk pwgs dks NksM+
nsuk ---------------- 'ksj dk tky esa Qluk ---------------- pwgs dk tky dkVukA
(vi) ,d dkSvk I;kl Fkk ---------------- ?kM+s esa ikuh FkksM+k Fkk ---------------- dkSvk yk;k dadM+ ----------------
?kM+s esa Mkyk dadM+ ---------------- dkS, us fi;k ikuhA
(vii) ------------ og tgk°&tgk° vkrk ------------ iSj fu'kku --------------- vthc ls diM+s --------------
vk°[kksa ls vaxkjs fudy jgs Fks ---------------- og /kjrh ij D;ksa vk;k ---------------- yksx ?kcjk x,A
bÍkj&mÍkj Hkkxus yxs ---------------- gkgkdkj ep x;k ---------------- A
(viii) lkSjHk taxy esa vyk -------------- lkFk NwV x;k -------------- taxy esa Hk;adj okrkoj.k ---------------
?kj tkus dh tYnh ---------------- vkfnoklh ls eqykdkr ---------------- vkfnoklh ls enn ---------------
fe= o ?kjokys ---------------- blls f'k{kkA
2- vki thou dh dksbZ ?kVuk ;k {k.k&fo'ks"k tks ;knxkj cu x;k gks] ij y?kqdFkk fyf[k,%
(i) tc eSus igyh ckj pk; cukbZ (iii) dksbZ Hkh viuk vuqHko
(ii) tc eSa igyh ckj 'rkCnh Vªsu ls vkxjk rkÊkegy ns[kus x;kA
3- ifjJe dk egRo 'kh"kZd dks vk/kkj cuk dj y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
4- thou esa ijksidkj dk egRo crkrs gq, ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
5- ijh{kk ikl dj ysuk gh ;ksX;rk dk vk/kkj cu x;k gS] fo"k; ij y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
6- ^cM+s HkkbZ lkgc* ikB dks vk/kkj cuk dj ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
7- ^foifRr dlkSVh ts dls rs gh l lkk °ps ehr*] ij ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
8- fon~;ky; dh fdlh ?kVuk dks vk/kkj cukdj ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
9- ykWdMkmu esa vius vuqHkoksa dks vk/kkj cukdj ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
10- vius thou dh fdlh jkspd ?kVuk ij ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
11- ?kj cqÊkqxks± n~okjk cpiu esa lquh fdlh dgkuh ij ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
12- jfgeu /kkxk izse dk er rksM+ks pVdk,] VwVs ls fQj u tqM+s] tqM+s xk°B ifj tk,AA dks vk/kkj cukdj
y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
13- ^vktdy lekt esa O;fDr dh igpku mldh iks'kkd ls gksrh gS* bl fo"k; ij vk/kkfjr ,d
y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
ew Y ;ka d u 1&2 51
ewY;kadu&1
¼O;kdj.k ij vk/kkfjr½ dq y vad % 16
1- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks mfpr fodYi pqudj fyf[k,µ ¼2 × 1 = 2½
(i) rrk°jk dk ;kpuk Hkjk psgjk mldh vk°[kksa esa rSj tkrkAµ js[kkafdr esa incaÌ dk Hksn gSµ
¼d½ loZuke inca/k ¼x½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k
¼[k½ fØ;k inca/k ¼?k½ laKk inca/k
(ii) vkHkk ifjJeh vkSj gksf'k;kj yM+dh gSA js[kkafdr esa inca/k dk Hksn gSµ
¼d½ laKk inca/k ¼x½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k
¼[k½ loZuke inca/k ¼?k½ fØ;k inca/k
(iii) lkeus edku esa jgus okyk yM+dk vPNk ugha gSA js[kkafdr esa incaÌ dk Hksn gSµ
¼d½ loZuke inca/k ¼x½ fØ;k inca/k
¼[k½ laKk inca/k ¼?k½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k
2- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu mfpr fodYi pqudj fyf[k,µ ¼3 × 1 = 3½
(i) ftu Nk=ksa us ifjJe fd;kA os mRrh.kZ gks x,A bu okD;ksa ls cuk ljy okD; gSµ
¼d½ ftu Nk=ksa us ifjJe fd;k os mRrh.kZ gks x, ¼x½ mRrh.kZ gksus okys Nk= ifjJeh Fks
¼[k½ ifjJe djus okys Nk= mRrh.kZ gks x, ¼?k½ ifjJeh Nk= mRrh.kZ gks x,
(ii) eSa T;ksa gh d{kk esa igq°ph] cPPks pqi gks x,A blls cuk la;qDr okD; gSµ
¼d½ esjs d{kk esa igq°prs gh cPps pqi gks x, ¼x½ eSa d{kk esa igq°ph vkSj cPps pqi gks x,
¼[k½ eSa T;ksa gh d{kk esa igq°ph] cPPks pqi gks x, ¼?k½ esjs d{kk esa igq°pus ij cPps pqi gks x,
(iii) ml ikl lc dq N Fkk vkSj lc [kks x;kA blls cuk feJ okD; gSµ
¼d½ ml ikl tks dq N Fkk [kks x;k ¼x½ ml ikl tks dq N Fkk] og [kks x;k
¼[k½ ml ikl tks dq N Fkk vkSj og [kks x;k ¼?k½ pw°fd ml ikl tks dq N Fkk og [kks pqdk gS
(iv) ^lw;Z fudyk vkSj izdk'k gks x;kA* jpuk vk/kkj ij okD; dk Hksn gSµ
¼d½ fo/kku okpd okD; ¼x½ ljy okD;
¼[k½ fefJr okD; ¼?k½ la;qDr okD;
3- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj mfpr fodYi pqudj fyf[k,µ ¼4 × 1 = 4½
(i) ^xq#nf{k.kk* leLr in dk mfpr foxzg vkSj lekl gSµ
¼d½ xq# dh nf{k.kk@ vO;;hHkko ¼x½ xq# vkSj nf{k.kk@ n~oan~o
¼[k½ xq# fy, nf{k.kk@ rRiq#"k ¼?k½ xq# dks nh xbZ nf{k.kk@ deZ/kkj;
(ii) îj v/khu* dk leLr in vkSj lekl gSµ
¼d½ ijv/khu@ vO;;hHkko ¼x½ ijk/khu@ rRiq#"k
¼[k½ ikjk/khu@ rRiq#"k ¼?k½ ijks/khu@ deZ/kkj;
(iii) ^dkyhfepZ* leLr in dk mfpr foxzg vkSj lekl gSµ
¼d½ dkyh gS tks fepZ@ deZ/kkj; ¼x½ dkyh vkSj fepZ@ n~oan~o
¼[k½ dkyh gS tks fepZ@ rRiq#"k ¼?k½ dkyh gS tks fepZ@ n~foxq
(iv) ^Lojfpr* leLrin dk mfpr foxzg vkSj lekl gSµ

¼d½ Loj ls jfpr@ rRiq#"k ¼x½ Loj ls fpr@ rRiq#"k
¼[k½ lq jfpr@ rRiq#"k ¼?k½ Lo ls jfpr@ rRiq#"k
(v) ^/keZ ls foeq[k* dk leLr in vkSj lekl gSµ
¼d½ /keZeq[k@ vO;;hHkko ¼x½ /keZfoeq[k@ rRiq#"k
¼[k½ /keksZ[k@ n~oan~o ¼?k½ /keZfoeq[k@ deZ/kkj;
4- fuEufyf[kr mfpr fodYi pqudj fyf[k, fyf[k,µ µ ¼4 × 1 = 4½
(i) tSls gh ehjk dks irk pyk fd mls cksMZ dh ijh{kk esa izFke LFkku izkIr gqvk gS tks mldh ----
mi;qDr eqgkojs n~okjk fjDr LFkku dh iw£r dhft,µ
¼d½ ftrus eq°g mruh ckrsa ¼x½ nw/k dk nw/k ikuh dk ikuh
¼[k½ [kq'kh dk fBdkuk u jgk ¼?k½ ru lq[kh eu lq[kh
(ii) Jh—".k izse esa jk/kk viuh ------------------------------- [kks cSBhA
mi;qDr eqgkojs ls fjDr LFkku dh iw£r dhft, dhft,µ µ
¼d½ gks'k [kksuk ¼x½ flj fQj tkuk
¼[k½ lq/k&cq/k [kksuk ¼?k½ ftxj VqdM+s gksuk
(iii) ^psgjk eqj>kuk* eqgkojs dk vFkZ gSµ
¼d½ mnklh Nk tkuk ¼x½ psgjk u fn[kkuk
¼[k½ psgjk fcxM+uk ¼?k½ psgjk lkeus vkuk
(iv) ^vkx ccwyk gksuk* eqgkojs dk vFkZ gSµ
¼d½ vR;f/kd Mj tkuk ¼x½ vR;f/kd vkx
¼[k½ vkx ls tyuk ¼?k½ vR;f/kd xqLlk gksuk
5- fuEufyf[kr mfpr fodYi pqudj fyf[k,A ¼3 × 1 = 3½
(i) ;ksa tyn&;ku esa fopj&fopjA ¼iafDr;ksa esa fufgr vyadkj gS½µ
¼d½ vuqizkl vyadkj ¼x½ miek vyadkj
¼[k½ :id vyadkj ¼?k½ ekuohdj.k vyadkj
(ii) ejrs & ejrs jgk ck° d iu lkfFk;ks A ¼ia f Dr;ks a es a fufgr vya d kj gS ½µ
¼[k½ vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj ¼?k½ iqu#fDr izdk'k vyadkj
(iii) fua n d us M + k jkf[k;s ] vk° x f.k dq Vh c° / kkbA ¼ia f Dr;ks a es a fufgr vya d kj gS ½µ
¼d½ vuqizkl ¼x½ miek
¼[k½ :id ¼?k½ ;ed
ew Y ;ka d u 1&2 53
ewY;kadu&2
¼O;kdj.k ij vk/kkfjr½ dq y vad % 16
1- fuEufyf[
fuEufyf[kr kr esa ls fdUgha nks fodYi pqudj fyf[k,µ ¼2 × 1 = 2½
(i) bykgkckn esa ifo= xaxk unh cgrh gSA js[kkafdr esa inca/k dk izdkj crkb,µ
¼d½ loZuke inca/k ¼x½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k
¼[k½ fØ;k inca/k ¼?k½ laKk inca/k
(ii) fujarj cgrk ty ifo= gksrk gSA js[kkafdr esa inca/k dk Hksn gSµ
¼d½ laKk inca/k ¼x½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k
¼[k½ loZuke inca/k ¼?k½ fØ;k inca/k
(iii) yky deht okyk O;fDr cgqr bZekunkj gSA js[kkafdr esa inca/k dk Hksn gSµ
¼d½ loZuke inca/k ¼x½ fØ;k inca/k
¼[k½ laKk inca/k ¼?k½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k
2- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu mfpr fodYi pqudj fyf[k,A ¼3 × 1 = 3½
(i) eSa fnYyh x;kA eSaus dq rqcehukj ns[khA bu okD;ksa ls cuk ljy okD; gSµ
¼d½ eSaus fnYyh tkdj dq rqcehukj ns[kk ¼x½ eSa fnYyh x;k vkSj dq rqcehukj ns[kh
¼[k½ eSa fnYyh esa dq rqcehukj ns[kus x;k ¼?k½ eSaus fnYyh esa dq rqcehukj ns[kk
(ii) eSa T;ksa gh d{kk esa igq°ph] cPPks pqi gks x,A blls cuk la;qDr okD; gSµ
¼d½ esjs d{kk esa igq°prs gh cPps pqi gks x, ¼x½ eSa d{kk esa igq°ph vkSj cPps pqi gks x,
¼[k½ eSa T;ksa gh d{kk esa igq°ph] cPPks pqi gks x, ¼?k½ esjs d{kk esa igq°pus ij cPps pqi gks x,
(iii) iapksa dks lkeku [kjhnuk Fkk blfy, iVuk x,A blls cuk feJ okD; gSµ
¼d½ iapksa dks lkeku [kjhnuk Fkk vkSj os iVuk x,
¼[k½ tc iapksa dks lkeku [kjhnuk Fkk rc os iVuk x,
¼x½ iap lkeku [kjhnus fy, iVuk x,
¼?k½ iapksa dks cgqr lkeku [kjhnuk Fkk blfy, og iVuk x,
(iv) ^vki pk; fi,°xs ;k dkWQh\*& jpuk vk/kkj ij okD; dk Hksn gSµ
¼d½ feJ okD; ¼x½ ljy okD;
¼[k½ la;qDr okD; ¼?k½ iz'uokpd okD;
3- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj fodYi pqudj fyf[k,µ ¼4 × 1 = 4½
(i) ^panzeq[kh* leLr in dk mfpr foxzg vkSj lekl gSµ
¼d½ panz leku eq[k@ vO;;hHkko ¼x½ panz vkSj eq[k@ n~oan~o
¼[k½ panz tSlk eq[k@ rRiq#"k ¼?k½ panz leku eq[k@ deZ/kkj;
(ii) ^va/kk gS tks dw i* dk leLr in vkSj lekl gSµ
¼d½ va/kdw i@ vO;;hHkko ¼x½ va/kdw i@ deZ/kkj;
¼[k½ va/kk&dw i@ rRiq#"k ¼?k½ dw iva/k@ deZ/kkj;
(iii) ^rqylhfyf[kr* leLrin dk mfpr foxzg vkSj lekl gSµ
¼d½ rqylh n~okjk fyf[kr@ deZ/kkj; ¼x½ rqylh vkSj fyf[kr@ n~oan~o
¼[k½ rqylh n~okjk fyf[kr@ rRiq#"k ¼?k½ rqylh ls fyf[kr@ n~foxq
(iv) ^xzkexr* leLrin dk mfpr foxzg vkSj lekl gSµ
¼d½ xzke dks tkus okyk@ rRiq#"k ¼x½ xzke dks xr@ rRiq#"k
¼[k½ xzke fy, x;k@ rRiq#"k ¼?k½ xzke ls xr@ rRiq#"k
(v) ^rhu jaxksa dk lekgkj* dk leLrin vkSj lekl gSµ
¼d½ frjaxk@ vO;;hHkko ¼x½ frjaxk@ n~foxq
¼[k½ frjaxk@ cgqozhfg ¼?k½ frjaxk@ deZ/kkj;
(i) dk;Z{ks= esa xyrh idM+s tkus ij firkth us lcdks ---------
-------------------------
------------------ fy;kA
mi;qDr eqgkojs ls fjDr LFkku dh iw£r djsAa
¼d½ vk°[ksa fn[kkuk ¼x½ vkM+s gkFkksa ysuk
¼[k½ Mk°Vuk&MiVuk ¼?k½ vkx ccwyk gksuk
(ii) izLrqr eqgkojs mfpr vFkZ dk p;u djsaµ vkVs nky dk Hkko ekywe gksukA
¼d½ dher irk pyuk ¼x½ eg°xkbZ dk Kku gksuk
¼[k½ vkVs nky dh t:jr iM+uk ¼?k½ vlfy;r irk pyuk
(iii) ;qn~/kHkwfe esa tkus okys lSfudksa fy, mudh ek° -------------------------------------- jgrh gSA
mi;qDr eqgkojs ls fjDr LFkku dh iw£r dhft,µ
¼d½ vk°[kksa dk rkjk ¼x½ ckV tksguk
¼[k½ bZn dk pk°n ¼?k½ vk°[k dk dk°Vk
(iv) rrk°jk leqnz fdukjs [kM+k okehjks dh -------------------------------------- jgk FkkA
¼d½ ckV tksguk ¼x½ izrh{kk djuk
¼[k½ [kwu&ilhuk ,d djuk ¼?k½ myVs ik°o ykSVuk
(i) crjl&ykyp yky dh eq j yh /kjh yq d kb µ ¼iafDr esa fufgr vyadkj gS½µ
kbµ
¼[k½ :id vyadkj ¼?k½ ekuohdj.k vyadkj
(ii) rhu cs j [kkrh Fkha os ] rhu cs j [kkrh gS a A ¼ia f Dr es a fufgr vya d kj gS ½µ
¼d½ ;ed vyadkj ¼x½ miek vyadkj
¼[k½ vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj ¼?k½ iqu#fDr izdk'k vyadkj
(iii) eks r h dh yfM+ ; ks a & ls lq a n jA ¼ia f Dr es a fufgr vya d kj gS ½µ
¼[k½ :id vyadkj ¼?k½ ;ed vyadkj
vifBr&xn~ ; ka ' k 55
vifBr xn~;ka'k
10 [UNSEEN PASSAGE]
vifBr xn~;ka'k dk vFkZ gS] ,sls xn~;ka'k dks i<+uk o le>uk tks igys dgha u i<+k gksA ijh{kk esa bu xn~;ka'kksa
ls lacaf/kr iz'u iwNs tkrs gSaA bl izdkj fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh tkuus&le>us dh ;ksX;rk dh ijh{kk yh tkrh gSA bl
izdkj dh ijh{kk dk eq[; mnn~s'; Nk=ksa dh nSfud thou esa fganh esa le>us&cksyus dh {kerk dk fodkl djuk
gS ftlls Nk= fganh ek/;e ls vius vuqHko dh lgt vfHkO;fDr dj ikus esa l{ke cusasA
;s xn~;ka'k dgha ls Hkh fy, tk ldrs gSa ,oa fdlh Hkh fo"k; ij vk/kkfjr gks ldrs gSaA fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a fdlh
fo"k; dks i<+dj fdruk vf/kd le> ldrs gSa rFkk mUgsa Hkk"kk ij dS lk vkSj fdruk vf/kdkj gS] ;gh vifBr
xn~;ka'k esa iwNs x, iz'uksa mRrjksa ls Kkr gksrk gSA bu xn~;ka'kksa esa 'kh"kZd dk pquko] fo"k;&oLrq dk cksÌ vkSj
Hkkf"kd fo'ks"krkvksa ls lacaf/kr iz'u iwNs tkrs gSaA
tkuus&le>us dh {kerk] Hkk"kkbZ Kku ,oa mRrj nsus dh in~Ìfr dh ekSfydrk dk ewY;kadu djus esa vifBr
xn~;ka'k dk egRRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA
vifBr xn~;ka'k iz'uksa dks gy djrs le; fdu&fdu ckrksa dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,] vkb, le>sa%
¹ fn, x, xn~;ka'k dks nks&rhu ckj /;kuiwodZ i<a+s rkfd le> eas vk tk, fd mldk anhz ; Hkko D;k gSA
¹ iwNs x, iz'uksa mRrj nsrs le; ;g /;ku vo'; j[kuk pkfg, fd mu mRrj xn~;ka'k esa ls gh gksAas
¹ mRrj dk fodYi pqurs le; /;ku j[ksa fd og lcls 'kqn/~ k ,oa lVhd gksA dbZ ckj ,d ls vf/kd fodYi
lgh izrhr gksrs gS]a ,sls esa xn~;ka'k lexz Hkko dks Hkyh izdkj i<+dj mfpr mRrj dk pquko djuk pkfg,A
vifBr xn~;ka'k dq N mnkgj.k
1. ekuo thou esa vkRelEeku dk vR;f/kd egRRo gSA vkRelEeku esa vius O;fDrRo dks vf/kdkf/kd
l'kDr ,oa izfrf"Br cukus dh Hkkouk fufgr gksrh gSA blls 'kfDr] lkgl] mRlkg vkfn xq.kksa dk tUe gksrk gS tks
thou dh mUufr dk ekxZ iz'kLr djrs gSAa vkRelEeku dh Hkkouk ls iw.kZ O;fDr la?k"kks± dh ijokg ugha djrk gS vkSj
gj fo"ke ifjfLFkfr ls VDdj ysrk gSA ,sls O;fDr thou esa ijkt; dk eqg° ugha ns[krs rFkk fujarj ;'k dh izkfIr djrs
gSAa vkRelEekuh O;fDr /keZ] lR;] U;k; vkSj uhfr iFk dk vuqxeu djrk gSA ml thou esa gh lPps lq[k vkSj
'kkafr dk fuokl gksrk gSA ijksidkj] tulsok tSls dk;ks± esa mldh #fp gksrh gSA yksdfiz;rk vkSj lkekftd izfr"Bk mls
lgt gh izkIr gksrh gSA ,sls O;fDr esa vius jk"Vª izfr lPph fu"Bk gksrh gS rFkk ekr`Hkwfe dh mUufr fy, og vius
izk.kksa dks mRlxZ djus esa Hkh lq[k dh vuqHkwfr djrk gSA pwf° d vkRelEekuh O;fDr viuh vFkok nwljksa dh vkRek dk
guu djuk ilan ugha djrk gS] blfy, og bZ";kZ&n~o"s k tSlh Hkkoukvksa ls eqDr gksdj ekuo ek= dks vius ifjokj dk
vax ekurk gSA ml ân; esa LokFkZ] yksHk vkSj vgadkj dk Hkko ugha gksrkA fu'Ny ân; gksus dkj.k og vklqjh
izof` Rr;ksa ls loZFkk eqDr gksrk gSA mlesa bZ'oj izfr lPph HkfDr ,oa fo'okl gksrk gS] ftlls mldh vk/;kfRed
'kfDr dk fodkl gksrk gSA thou dks ljl vkSj eÌqj cukus fy, vkRelEeku jlk;u&rqY; gSA vkRelEeku
izR;sd tkfr rFkk jk"Vª dh izjs .kk dk nSoh lzkrs gSA ekuo ek= ekSfyd xq.kksa dh ;g foHkwfr gSA izR;sd O;fDr dk
loZJ"s B drZO; gS fd vkRelEeku dh lqj{kk fy, lrr izLrqr jgsA bls [kksdj ge loZLo [kks nsxa As gekjh laL—fr]
gekjk /keZ] ;gk° rd fd gekjk vfLrRo gh bl vHkko esa yqIr gks tk,xkA ijra=rk ;qx esa gekjs lkoZtfud thou
esa vkRelEeku dks fujarj Bsl yxrh jgh gSA pwf° d fons'kh izHkqlRrk us mldk neu djus esa dksbZ dlj mBk ugha j[kh]
blfy, Hkkjrh;ksa us jk"Vªfirk usrR` o esa vkRelEeku dh izfr"Bk fy, Lora=rk dk laxkz e fd;k rFkk mlesa
lQyrk izkIr dhA vkt izR;sd Hkkjrh; dks mPp uSfrd ewY;ks]a jk"Vªh; ,drk RkFkk vkRelEEkku dh j{kk djuh gSA
(i) ekuo thou esa fdl phÊk dk vR;f/kd egRRo gS\
¼d½ vkRelEeku dk ¼[k½ iSlksa dk ¼x½ fe=ksa dk ¼?k½ ekrk&firk dk
(ii) vkRelEeku dh Hkkouk ls iw.kZ O;fDr fdldh ijokg ugha djrk\
¼d½ iSlksa dh ¼[k½ la?k"kks± dh ¼x½ lEeku dh ¼?k½ vieku dh
(iii) thou dks ljl vkSj e/kqj cukus fy, vkRelEeku fdl rqY; gS\
¼d½ fo"k&rqY; gS ¼[k½ ve`r&rqY; gS ¼x½ jlk;u&rqY; gS ¼?k½ lqjk&rqY; gS
(iv) izR;sd O;fDr dk loZJs"B drZO; gS fd ogµ
¼d½ iSlksa dh lqj{kk fy, lrr izLrqr jgs
¼[k½ cPPkksa dh lqj{kk fy, lrr izLrqr jgs
¼x½ Lo;a dh lqj{kk fy, lrr izLrqr jgs
¼?k½ vkRelEeku dh lqj{kk fy, lrr izLrqr jgs
(v) vkt izR;sd Hkkjrh; dks vkRelEeku vykok fdldh j{kk djuh gS\
¼d½ #i;ksa&iSlksa dh ¼x½ uSfrd ewY;ksa vkSj jk"Vªh; ,drk dh
¼[k½ Lora=rk dh ¼?k½ vius ifjokj dh
m0µ (i) ¼d½] (ii) ¼[k½] (iii) ¼x½] (iv) ¼?k½] (v) ¼x½
2. bl lalkj dks deZ{ks= dgk x;k gSA lkjh l`f"V deZjr gSA NksVs ls NksVk izk.kh Hkh deZ dk 'kk'or lan's k ns jgk
gSA iz—fr lkezkT; eas dgha Hkh vdeZ.;rk n'kZu ugha gks jgs gSAa lw;]Z pUnz] i`Foh] xzg&u{k=kfn fujarj xfr'khy
gaAS fu;ekuqdy w lw;ksnZ ; gksrk gS vkSj lw;kZLr rd fdj.ksa izdk'k fc[ksjrh jgrh gSAa jkf=dkyhu vkdk'k esa rkjkofy rFkk
u{k=kofy dk lkSna ;Z fog°l mBrk gSA Øe'k% c<+rh&?kVrh pand z yk n'kZu gksrs gSAa blh rjg fofHkUu _rqvksa dk pØ
viuh /kqjh ij pyrk jgrk gSaA ufn;k° vfojy xfr ls cgrh jgrh gaAS isM&+ ikS/ks] i'kq&i{kh lc thou esa lfØ;rk
gSA oLrqr% deZ ls ijs thou dk dksbZ mn~n's ; ugha gSA euq"; dk tUe ikdj gkFk&iSj rks fgykus gh gksxa As gekjs izkphu
_f"k;ksa us 'krk;q gksus dh fdUrq deZ djrs gq, thus dh bPNk izdV dh FkhA bfrgkl lk{kh gS fd fdrus gh Hkkjrh;
;qodksa us deZ'kfDr cy ij panxz Iq r dh Hkk°fr 'kfDr'kkyh lkezkT;ksa dh LFkkiuk dhA vkÌqfud ;qx esa Hkkjr tSls
fo'kky tura= dh LFkkiuk djus okys xka/kh] usg:] iVsy vkfn deZiFk ij n`<r+ k gh izfr:i FksA nwljh vksj bfrgkl
mu lezkVksa dks Hkh js[kkafdr djrk gS ftudh vdeZ.;rk dkj.k egku~ lkezkT; u"V gks x,A osn] mifu"kn~] dqjku]
ckbfcy vkfn lkjs /keZxFza k deZB euhf"k;ksa dh gh miyfCÌ;k° gSAa vkÌqfud Kku&foKku dh xkSjo&xfjek mu
oSKkfudksa dh nsu gS ftUgksua s lk/kuk dh cfy&osnh ij viuh gj lk°l le£ir dj nhA foKku deZ dk lk{kkr~ izrhd
gSA lq[k&le`n~f/k f'k[kj ij vklhu izR;sd O;fDRk vFkok tkfr deZ&'kfDr dk ifjp; nsrh gSA
(i) izLrqr xn~;ka'k esa bl lalkj dks D;k dgk x;k gS\
¼d½ j.k{ks= ¼[k½ deZ{ks= ¼x½ ;qn~/k{ks= ¼?k½ —f"k{ks=
(ii) lw;Z] panz] i`Foh] xzg&u{k=kfn fujarj gSaµ
¼d½ xfr'khy ¼[k½ deZ'khy ¼x½ Toyu'khy ¼?k½ ?kqyu'khy
(iii) is M + & ikS / ks vkS j i'kq & i{kh bu lc thou es a gS µ
¼d½ ijs'kkuh ¼[k½ [kq'kgkyh ¼x½ lfØ;rk ¼?k½ fuf"Ø;rk
(iv) Hkkjrh; ;qodksa us deZ'kfDr cy ij fdldh Hkk°fr 'kfDr'kkyh lkezkT;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh\
¼d½ panzxqIr dh Hkk°fr ¼x½ pk.kD; dh Hkk°fr
¼[k½ chjcy dh Hkk°fr ¼?k½ fldanj dh Hkk°fr
(v) lq[k&le`n~f/k f'k[kj ij vklhu izR;sd O;fDr vFkok tkfr fdldk ifjp; nsrh gS\
¼d½ vFkZ&'kfDr dk ¼x½ v/keZ&'kfDr dk
¼[k½ /keZ&'kfDr dk ¼?k½ deZ&'kfDr dk
m0 (i) ¼[k½] (ii) ¼d½] (iii) ¼x½] (iv) ¼d½] (v) ¼?k½
3. lalkj esa 'kkafr] O;oLFkk vkSj ln~Hkkouk izlkj fy, cqn~Ì] bZlk elhg] eqgEen] pSrU;] ukud
vkfn egkiq#"kksa us /keZ ekÍ;e ls euq"; dks ije dY;k.k iFk dk funZs'k fd;k] fdarq ckn esa ;gh /keZ euq";
gkFk esa ,d vL= cu x;kA ;g ,d loZfofnr rF; gS fd /keZ uke ij i`Foh ij ftruk jDrikr gqvk gS
mruk vkSj fdlh dkj.k ls ughaA euq"; tkfr foiUu gks xbZA ij Ìhjs&Ìhjs euq"; lgt 'kqHk cqn~fÌ ls /keksZUekn
rFkk /keZ u'ks ls gks pq vkSj gks ldus okys vuFkZ dks le>us yx x;k gSA ;g vk'kkizn ckr gSA HkkSxksfyd lhek
vkSj Ìk£ed fo'okltfur HksnHkko vc Ìjrh ls 'kuS%&'kuS% feVrs tk jgs gSaA foKku dh izxfr lkFk&lkFk
lapkj lk/kuksa eas vHkwriwoZ vfHko`n~fÌ gqbZ gS] ftlls ns'kksa chp nwfj;k° de gks xbZ gSaA vc ,d ns'k nwljs ns'k
dks vPNh rjg tkuus yxk gSA fQj] la;qDr jk"Vª la?k] tks lalkj 192 ns'kksa dk ,d feyktqyk eap gS]
varjkZ"Vªh;rk dh Hkkouk dks QSykus rFkk fofHkUu ns'kksa vkilh eueqVko dks nwj djus esa iz;Ru'khy gSA fQj Hkh
lalkj esa o.kZHksn dh leL;k vkt Hkh fon~;eku gSA ;g cM+s nq%[k dh ckr gS fd tc ge bDdhloha lnh dh vksj
vxzlj gks jgs gSa vkSj i`Foh lHkh izxfr'khy ns'k v[kaM fo'o dh dYiuk dk;kZUo;u esa yxs gSa] rc Hkh
o.kZHksn dk ;g dyad nqfu;k ls nwj ugha gqvkA tks Hkh gks] lalkj lc euq"; ,d gSaA leLr Hksn —f=e gSa vkSj
os feVk, tk ldrs gSaA ve`r larku gS ekuo! fo'o leLr thoksa esa Js"Bre gSA vlhe 'kfDr gS mlesaA viuh
cqn~fÌ vkSj eu ls og vlkÍ;&lkÍ; dj ldrk gSA vko';drk gS f'k{kk O;kid izlkj dh] tks ekuoh; ewY;ksa
egRRo izfr tkx:drk mRiUu djus dk ,dek= lk/ku gSA blh cks/k n~okjk og vius dks lc izdkj dh
ladh.kZrk dyq"k ls eqDr dj viuh n`f"V dks fueZy vkSj foLrh.kZ cuk ldrk gSA lalkj lHkh foosd'khy O;fDr
bl fn'kk esa lfØ; gSAa
(i) lalkj esa 'kkafr] O;oLFkk vkSj ln~Hkkouk izlkj fy, fofHkUu egkiq#"kksa us fdldk funsZ'k fd;k\
¼d½ vkilh ln~Hkkouk dk ¼x½ /keZ ekxZ dk
¼[k½ izse vkSj HkkbZpkjs dk ¼?k½ ije dY;k.k iFk dk
(ii) i`Foh ij lcls vf/kd jDrikr fdl dkj.k ls gqvk gS\
¼d½ bZ";kZ dkj.k ¼x½ /keZ dkj.k
¼[k½ yM+kbZ dkj.k ¼?k½ vkilh n~os"k dkj.k
(iii) la ; q D r jk"Vª la ? k fdl ckr fy, iz ; Ru'khy gS \
¼d½ varjkZ"Vªh;rk dh Hkkouk QS ykus fy, ¼x½ fofHkUu ns'kksa vkilh eueqVko nwj djus fy,
¼[k½ lalkj ls o.kZHksn nwj djus fy, ¼?k½ mijksDr lHkh
(iv) ekuoh; ewY;ksa izfr tkx:drk mRiUu djus dk ,dek= lk/ku D;k gS\
¼d½ f'k{kk dk izlkj ¼x½ ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa dh iw£r
¼[k½ /keZ dk izlkj ¼?k½ ,d nwljs dk lEeku
(v) xn~ ; ka ' k dk mi;q D r 'kh"kZ d gS µ
¼d½ f'k{kk vkSj ekuo dY;k.k ¼x½ f'k{kk dh vko';drk
¼[k½ /keZ vkSj ekuo ¼?k½ ekuo dk dY;k.k
m0µ (i) ¼?k½] (ii) ¼x½] (iii) ¼?k½] (iv) ¼d½] (v) ¼d½
4. Ldw yksa&dkWystksa esa ftl izdkj dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gS] og O;fDr dks dq N fo"k;ksa ukekfn djkus ;k lk{kj
cukus vykok dqN ugha dj ikrhA ifj.kkeLo:i lk{kjksa fy, DydhZ] ckcwfxjh vkfn tks FkksM+s ls /ka/ks]
ukSdfj;k° gSa] O;fDr ik tkrk gSA ;k fQj Vad.k ¼Vkbi½ vkSj vk'kqfyfi ¼'kkVZgSaM½ vkfn dk rduhdh Kku ikuk
vko';d gksrk gS] rc dgha tkdj ckcwfxjh dh ukSdjh ;k jksÊkxkj fey ikrk gSA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vkerkSj ij
Ldw y&dkWystksa dh orZeku f'k{kk jksÊkxkj ikus esa fo'ks"k lgk;d ugha gksrh ;k lc fy, rks lgk;d ugha gh gks
ikrhA Ldw y&dkWystksa esa dqN fo"k; vo'; jksÊkxkjksUeq[k i<+k, tkrs gSaA dkWelZ] daI;wVj vkfn ,sls gh fo"k; gSa]
ftu cy ij jksÊkxkj dqN volj miyC/k gks tkrs gSaA lkbal fon~;kFkhZ bathfu;fjax ;k esfMdy vkfn
dqN {ks=ksa esa viuh f'k{kk dks u;k :i nsdj jksÊkxkj i;kZIr volj ik tkrs gSaA vkSj dbZ rjg ls Hkh vkt
rduhdh f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA mls foLrkj Hkh fn;k tk jgk gSA ikWfyVsdfud] vkbZÿVhÿvkbZÿ tSlh
laLFkk,° bl fn'kk esa fo'ks"k lfØ; gSaA buesa fofHkUu VªsM~l ;k dke/ka/kksa] nLrdkfj;ksa ls lacaf/kr rduhdh f'k{kk nh
tkrh gSA mls izkIr dj O;fDr Lo&jksÊkxkj ;kstuk Hkh pyk ldrk gS vkSj fofHkUu izfr"Bkuksa esa vPNs jksÊkxkj
volj Hkh izkIr dj ldrk gSA leL;k rks mu fy, gqvk djrh gS] ftUgksaus f'k{kk uke ij oy lk{kjrk vkSj
ml izek.k&i= izkIr fd, gSaA fu'p; gh mu lc fy, mu cy ij jksÊkxkj volj bl ns'k esa rks D;k]
lkjs fo'o esa gh cgqr de gSa vFkok gSa gh ughaA
(i) L dw y&dkWysystksa esa fdl izdkj dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gS\
¼d½ oy lk{kj cukus fy, ¼x½ vPNk jksÊkxkj ikus fy,
¼[k½ fons'k tkus fy, ¼?k½ O;olk; djus fy,
(ii) ckcwfxjh dh ukSdjh dc feyrh gSaµ
¼d½ mPp f'k{kk izkIr djus ij ¼x½ rduhdh f'k{kk izkIr djus ij
¼[k½ fl¤kfj'k djus ij ¼?k½ pepkfxjh djus ij
(iii) jksÊkxkjksUeq[k fo"k; dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\
¼d½ lekt'kkL=] f'k{kk'kkL= ¼x½ fganh] vaxzsth
¼[k½ xf.kr] foKku ¼?k½ dkWelZ] daI;wVj
(iv) ns'k esas dkSu&lh rduhdh laLFkk,° lfØ; gSa\
¼d½ futh f'k{k.k laLFkku ¼x½ xSj&ljdkjh laLFkku
¼[k½ ikWfyVsdfud] vkbZ-Vh-vkbZ- ¼?k½ ljdkjh fon~;ky;
(v) leL;k fdu fy, gS \
¼d½ tks mPp f'kf{kr gSa ¼x½ ftUgksua s f'k{kk uke ij izek.k i= izkIr fd, gSa
¼[k½ tks LojksÊkxkj djrs gSa ¼?k½ ftUgksaus rduhdh f'k{kk izkIr dh gS
m0
m0µµ (i) ¼d½] (ii) ¼x½] (iii) ¼?k½] (iv) ¼[k½] (v) ¼x½
5. lk{kjrk gh lPph LOkra=rk dk vk/kkj gSA eqfDRk dk igyk dne gS lk{kjrkA f'k{kk gh xqykeh dh tathjksa
rFkk 'kks"k.k ls gekjh j{kk djrh gSA tc dksbZ eÊknwj lwn[kksj egktu dh fy[kr dks i<+us o le>us yxrk gS] tc
,d fdlku [kkyh o dksjs dkxÊk ij v°xwBk yxkus ls badkj dj nsrk gS] rc gksrk gS ,d foL¤ksV] ftldh xw°t
nwj&nwj rd eglwl dh tk ldrh gSA fQj tUe gksrk gS ,d u, ekuo dk] ,d lk{kj ekuo dk] ,d Lora= ,oa
vkRefuHkZj ekuo dkA bl lkFk gh lekt ysrk gSµubZ v°xM+kbZ] ,d ubZ fn'kk] ,d u;k eksM+A lk{kjrk fodkl
dh ubZ lh<+h gSA blls O;fDr gh ugha cfYd iwjs lekt dh izxfr gksrh gSA blh n~okjk eu] efLr"d dh 'kfDr;ksa
dks ,dtqV fd;k tk ldrk gSA f'k{kk n~okjk gh le; vkSj LFkku vuqlkj ?kVukvksa] fopkjksa ,oa vius
n`f"Vdks.k dks O;fDr vf/kd lgtrk ls izdV djus esa leFkZ gks tkrk gSA euq"; dks i`Foh dk Lokeh ekuk x;k gS
ijarq ;fn og fuj{kj gksxk rks og Lokeh dh Hkwfedk ugha fuHkk ik,xkA f'kf{kr O;fDr gh vius lkFk&lkFk nwljksa dks
Hkh izxfr volj iznku djrk gSA f'k{kk dh mi;ksfxrk dks le>rs gq, Hkkjr ljdkj us Lora=rk izkfIr ckn
bl vksj dk¤h /;ku fn;kA xk°o&xk°o esa fon~;ky; [kksyus dk y{; j[kk x;kA fQj Hkh okafNr izxfr ugha gks ldh
D;ksafd cgqr ls yksx ml mez nkSj ls fudy pq Fks tks i<+us dh mez gksrh gSA blfy, izkS<+&f'k{kk] lg&f'k{kk
,oa vukSipkfjd f'k{kk anz Hkh [kksys x, ysfdu vHkh Hkh fLFkfr mruh vPNh ugha gS] ftruh fd gksuh pkfg,A
blhfy, Hkkjr ljdkj us iwoZ iz/kkuea=h Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h usr`Ro esa f'k{kk dks ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa esa
'kkfey djrs gq, loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k gS] tks jk"Vªh; lk{kjrk vfHk;ku dk vxyk lksiku gSA
(i) lPph Lora=rk dk vk/kkj D;k gS\
¼d½ tula[;k o`n~f/k ¼[k½ yksdra= ¼x½ lk{kjrk ¼?k½ mn~;ksx dk fodkl
(ii) lk{kjrk ls lekt dks D;k izkIr gksrk gSa\
¼d½ fodkl vkSj izxfr ¼x½ mn~;ksxksa dk fodkl
¼[k½ 'kgjksa dk fodkl ¼?k½ [ksyksa dk fodkl
(iii) euq"; dks fdldk Lokeh ekuk x;k gS\
¼d½ czg~ekaM dk ¼[k½ ns'k dk ¼x½ lekt dk ¼?k½ i`Foh dk
(iv) Lora=rk izkfIr i'pkr~ ljdkj us f'k{kk fy, D;k fd;k\
¼d½ xk°oksa esa fon~;ky; [kksys ¼x½ fpfdRlky; [kksys
¼[k½ mn~;ksx [kksys ¼?k½ dkj[kkus [kksys
(v) f'k{kk dks ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa esa 'kkfey djrs gq, ljdkj us dkSu&lk vfHk;ku pyk;k gS\
¼d½ loZ jksÊkxkj vfHk;ku ¼x½ loZf'k{kk vfHk;ku
¼[k½ lk{kjrk vfHk;ku ¼?k½ gfjr Økafr
m0
m0µµ (i) ¼x½] (ii) ¼d½] (iii) ¼?k½] (iv) ¼d½] (v) ¼x½
6. ifjorZu iz—fr dk fu;e gS vkSj ifjorZu gh vVy lR; gSA vr% i;kZoj.k esa Hkh ifjorZu gks jgk gS
ysfdu orZeku le; esa fpark dh ckr ;g gS fd tks i;kZoj.kh; ifjorZu igys ,d 'krkCnh esa gksrs Fks] vc mrus
gh ifjorZu ,d n'kd esa gksus yxs gSaA i;kZoj.k ifjorZu dh bl rsth dk dkj.k gSµfoLQksVd <ax ls c<+h
vkcknh] oSKkfud ,oa rduhdh mUufr vkSj iz;ksx rFkk lH;rk dk fodklA vkb,] ge lHkh feydj ;gk° nks
izeq[k {ks=ksa dk fparu djsa ,oa fuokj.k fof/k lkspsaA
igyk gS vkstksu dh ijr esa deh vkSj fo'o rkieku esa o`n~f/kA ;s nksuksa fØ;k,° ijLij lacaf/kr gSaA
mUuhloha 'krkCnh vafre n'kdksa esa lqijlksfud ok;q;kuksa dk bZtkn gqvk vkSj os Åijh vkdk'k esa mM+k, tkus
yxsA mu ok;q;kuksa n~okjk fu"dkflr inkFkk±s ukbfVªd vkWDlkbM n~okjk vkstksu ijr dk {k; eglwl fd;k
x;kA ;g vkstksu ijr ok;qeaMy lerkieaMy ;k ckgjh ?ksjs esa gksrh gSA
vkxs 'kks/k n~okjk ;g Hkh irk pyk fd ok;qeaMy dh vkstksu ijr ij Dyksjks&¶yksjks dkcZu] iz'khrd inkFkZ]
ukfHkdh; foLQksVd bR;kfn dk Hkh nq"izHkko iM+rk gSA vkstksu ijr thoeaMy fy, j{kk&dop gS] tks lw;Z dh
ijkcSaxuh fdj.kksa fofdj.k dks jksdrh gS] tks thoeaMy fy, ?kkrd gSA
vr% bu jklk;fud xSlksa n~okjk vkstksu dh ijr dh gks jgh deh dks fczfV'k oSKkfudksa n~okjk 1978 esa xqCckjksa
vkSj jkWVksa dh enn ls v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA vr% uohure tkudkjh eqrkfcd vaVkdZfVdk {ks= Åij
vkstksu ijr esa ,d cM+k fNæ ik;k x;k gS ftlls gks ldrk gS fd lw;Z dh ?kkrd fofdj.k i`Foh dh lrg rd
igq°p jgh gks vkSj i`Foh dh lrg xeZ gks jgh gksA Hkkjr us Hkh vaVkdZfVdk fLFkr vius vM~Ms] nf{k.k xaxks=h ls xqCckjksa
}kjk vkstksu ekid ;a= yxkdj 'kks/k dk;Z esa Hkkx fy;kA
(i) ifjorZu D;k gS\
¼d½ iz—fr dk fu;e ¼[k½ vVy lR; ¼x½ ¼d½ vkSj ¼[k½ nksuksa ¼?k½ cnyko
(ii) ^'krkCnh* esa dkSu&lk lekl gS\
¼d½ n~oan~o lekl ¼[k½ deZ/kkj; lekl ¼x½ n~foxq lekl ¼?k½ cgqozhfg lekl
(iii) mUuhloha 'krkCnh ds vafre n'kdksa esa D;k gqvk\
¼d½ lqijlksfud ok;q;kuksa dk vkfo"dkj ¼x½ vkstksu dh ijr dk {k;
¼[k½ rkieku esa o`fn~/k ¼?k½ dq N fo'ks"k ugha
(iv) ok;qeaMy dh vkstksu ijr ij fdldk nq"izHkko iM+ jgk gS\
¼d½ Dyksjks&¶yksjks dkcZu dk ¼x½ iz'khrd inkFkks± dk
¼[k½ ukfHkdh; foLQksVdksa dk ¼?k½ mi;qZDr lHkh dk
(v) vkstksu dh ijr esa D;k gks x;k gS\
¼d½ ,d cM+k&lk fNæ ¼[k½ ?kkrd izHkko ¼x½ NksVk Nsn ¼?k½ dqN ugha
m0µ (i) ¼x½] (ii) ¼x½] (iii) ¼d½] (iv) ¼?k½] (v) ¼d½
7. vkRefo'oklh euq"; y{; afnzr gksrk gSA mldk /;ku vtquZ dh rjg] lk/kuk ,dyO; dh rjg vkSj
fuHkhZdrk d.kZ dh rjg gksrh gSA euq"; dks lnSo bl ea= dk tki djuk pkfg, fd eSa dq N Hkh dj ldrk gw° ;fn gesa
izxfr djuh gS rks ^vkRe nhiksHko* fln~/kkara dks Lohdkjuk gksxkA ^vtxj djs uk pkdjh] iaNh djs uk dkt* dh
Hkkouk j[kus okyksa dks tkuuk pkfg, fd HkkX;okfnrk vkSj vkyL; ,sls nqx.Zq k gSa tks O;fDr dks ^FkksFkk puk* cuk nsrs gSAa
;g rks Lo;a gesa lkspuk gS fd gesa dq ynhid cuuk gS ;k dq y diwr A tks yksx lnSo volj dh izrh{kk djrs jgrs gS]a
volj mu ikl vkdj fudy Hkh tkrk gS] fQj Hkh os mldh nLrd dks ugha igpkursA lkgl vkSj etcwr fopkj
&'kfDr euq"; dks lQyrk fnykrh gS vkSj dk;jrk rFkk fgpd euq"; dks vlQyrk dh vksj /ky nsrh gSA vr%
mBks] vius deZ esa jr gks tkvks] vdeZ.;rk dks R;kx nksA ge viuk Hkfo"; cuk ldrs gSAa vko';drk gS fd viuk
y{; r; dj iw.kZ la;e] fu"Bk] deZBrk vkSj n`<r+ k lkFk vkxs c<+Aas gesa n`<r+ k dk ladYi ysuk gksxkA mi;ksxh
y{; izkIr djus fy, vFkd ifjJe djuk gksxkA lq[k lqfoÌkvksa dk R;kx djuk gksxkA gesa lQyrk izkIr djus ls
igys ;qn/~ k ls xqtjuk iM+rk gSA lQyrk dHkh Hkh HkkX; vkSj ?kVukvksa dk fo"k; ugha gksrh] cfYd ;g l'kDr
fopkj'kfDr vkSj dfBu ifjJe ij fuHkZj djrh gSA blfy, gesa thou esa y{; izfr vk'kkfUor jguk pkfg, vkSj
lgh fu.kZ; djuk pkfg,A ;g O;fDr dh pkfjf=d n`<r+ k dks Hkh fn[kkrk gSA gekjh lkspus dh 'kfDr] vknr]
lgu'khyrk] dk;Z'kfDr rFkk lkgl lHkh dq N gekjh drZO;&ijk;.krk ls yf{kr gksrk gSA tks oDr dks thrs og euq";
gksrk gS tks viuh bafnz;ksa dks thrs og ftrsna hz ; gksrk gS vkSj tks lQyrk izkIr djs ogh fot;h gksrk gSA
(i) ys[kd us vtqZu] ,dyO; vkSj d.kZ mnkgj.k fdl lanHkZ esa fn, gSa\
mRrj ys[kd us vkRefo'oklh euq"; y{k.k crkrs gq, dgk gS fd] mldk /;ku vtqZu dh rjg] lk/kuk
,dyO; dh rjg vkSj fuHkhZdrk d.kZ dh rjg gksrh gSA
(ii) vkRefo'okl ;qDr O;fDr y{k.k Li"V dhft,A
mRrj vkRefo'okl ;qDr O;fDr fuHkhZd] lkglh] lk/kukjr vkSj ldkjkRed lksp okyk gksrk gSA
(iii) bl xn~;ka'k vuqlkj HkkX;okfn;ksa dh D;k igpku gS\
mRrj HkkX;oknh os gksrs gSa] tks lnSo volj dh izrh{kk djrs jgrs gSa] volj mu ikl vkdj fudy Hkh tkrk
gS] fQj Hkh os mldh nLrd dks ugha igpkursA
(iv) lQy vkSj vlQy O;fDr esa D;k varj gS\
mRrj lQy O;fDr deZB gksrk gS] viuk deZ djus esa fo'okl j[krk gS vkSj vlQy O;fDr vdeZ.; gksrk
gSA og HkkX; esa vfÌd fo'okl djrk gSA
(v) vius Hkfo"; dks laokjus fy, fdl izdkj dh ;kstuk cukuh pkfg,\
mRrj gesa viuk y{; lcls igys r; djuk pkfg, rnqijkar iw.kZ fu"Bk] n`<r+ k] deZBrk la;e ls vkxs c<+uk pkfg,A
(vi) ^vÊkxj djs u pkdjh] iaNh djs u dkt* dk vFkZ Li"V dhft,A
mRrj vÊkxj djs u pkdjh] iaNh djs u dkt dk iz;ksx ys[kd us HkX;okfnrk vkSj vkyL; tSls nqx.Zq kksa dks O;Dr djus
fy, fd;k gSA
(vii) mi;qZDr xn~;ka'k dk mi;qDr 'kh"kZd nhft,A
mRrj lkgl vkSj fopkj'kfDr dk peRdkjAk
8. ^pfj=* 'kCn euq"; lai.w kZ O;fDrRo dks n'kkZrk gSA ^pfj=oku* ge mu O;fDr;ksa dks dgrs gSa tks vius thou
esa drZO;ijk;.krk] lR;fu"Bk] ikfjokfjd thou esa ln~Hkko] Lusg] lkekftd thou esa f'k"Vrk] ukxfjdrk vkfn vkn'kks±
dks viukrs gS(a mudk n`<r+ k lkFk ikyu djrs gSAa fdlh Hkh ns'k] lekt ,oa leqnk; dks ,sls O;fDr;ksa ij xoZ gksrk gSA
ns'k ,oa lekt izfr isez pfj= dk vfuok;Z vax gksrk gSA izkphu dky esa egkRek n/khfp rFkk jktk f'kfo us tufgr
fy, gh vkReksRlxZ fd;k FkkA eg£"k n;kuan] foosdkuan] egkRek xka/kh] Økafrdkjh Hkxr ¯lg] pan'z ks[kj vkÊkkn] enj Vsjl
s k
vkfn us blh ekxZ dks viukdj lekt ,oa jk"Vª pfj= dks cy iznku fd;kA pfj=oku O;fDr fy, Lo;a dk ugha]
nwljksa dk vFkkZr lekt dk fgr iz/kku jgrk gSA os bls iwjk djus fy, vius LokFkZ dk gh ugha] vius lai.w kZ vfLrRo dk
Hkh R;kx dj nsrs gSAa egkRek cqn/~ k us tu&dY;k.k dks mfpr ekxZ ,oa fn'kk fn[kkus fy, jktikV dk gh R;kx ugha fd;k
oju~ vius lai.w kZ vfLrRo dk gh R;kx dj fn;kA egkRek xka/kh us viuk lai.w kZ thou ns'k&fgr fy, vfiZr dj fn;kA
lqHkk"k panz cksl] ykyk yktir jk;] ljnkj iVsy tSls vusd ,sls O;fDrRo gS]a ftu fy, gekjk 'kh'k Jn~/kk ls >qd tkrk
gSA vkn'kks± izfr fu"Bk euq"; esa lekt] ns'k ,oa tudY;k.k fgrksa fy, mRlxZ dh meax tkx`r djrh gSA ;g fu"Bk
O;fDr dks bruk vf/kd vkstLoh cuk nsrh gS fd yksd&Jn~/kk vuk;kl gh ml izfr ur gks tkrh gSA tc&tc lekt
vFkok jk"Vª ij ladV ckny xgjk, gS]a rc&rc ,sls gh pfj=oku ,oa lkglh O;fDr;ksa ekxZ&n'kZu us lekt ,oa jk"Vª
dh j{kk dh gSA vkt Hkh lekt dks ,sls gh drZO;fu"B ,oa pfj=oku lsod pkfg, tks lekt dks pfj= :ih n`<+ uhao iznku
dj l] vkSj ns'k dk Hkfo"; mTtoy cuk;s rkfd egkiq#"kksa deZ —rkFkZ gks lA
(i) dkSu ls O;fDr pfj=oku gksrs gSa\
mRrj tks O;fDr vius thou esa drZO;ijk;.krk] lR;fu"Bk] ikfjokfjd thou esa ln~Hkkouk] Lusg] lkekftd
thou esa f'k"Vrk] ukxfjdrk vkfn vkn'kks± dk ikyu djrs gSa] os pfj=oku dgykrs gSaA
(ii) xn~;ka'k esa fdu egkiq#"kksa mRre pfj= mnkgj.k fn, x, gSa\
mRrj xn~;ka'k eas egkRek n/khfp] jktk f'fo] eg£"k n;kuan] foosdkuan] egkRek xka/kh] Hkxr flag] panz'ks[kj
vkÊkkn] enj Vsjslk tSls yksxksa mRre&pfj= mnkgj.k fn, x, gSaA
(iii) vkn'kks± izfr fu"Bk gksus ls lekt ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS\
mRrj vkn'kks± izfr fu"Bk euq"; esa lekt] ns'k ,oa tu&dY;k.k fgrksa fy, mRlxZ dh meax tkx`r
djrh gSA
(iv) vkt lekt esa dS ls yksxksa dh vko';drk gS\
mRrj vkt lekt esa ,sls yksxkas dh vko';drk gS tks drZO;fu"B rFkk bZekunkj gksaA ,sls yksx lekt dks ,d
n`<+ uhao iznku djrs gSa vkSj ns'k dk Hkfo"; mTtoy cukrs gSaA
(v) fdl egkRek us tu dY;k.k dks mfpr ekxZ n'kkZus fy, viuk loZLo R;kx fn;k\
mRrj egkRek cqn~/k usA
(vi) mi;qZDr xn~;ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd nhft,A
mRrj pfj= dk egRo
9- lekt esa jgus okys lHkh O;fDr lq[k vkSj laiUurk dh pkg j[krs gSaA bl pkg esa ck/kd Lo;a O;fDr dk
vga curk gSA laiUu cuus dh pkg esa ge bZ'oj dk Hktu&dhrZu Hkh djrs gSa vkSj vius drZO; esa th&tku ls yxs
Hkh jgrs gSaA HkfDr ekxZ ls vkÍ;kfRed lq[k rks izkIr gksrk gh gS] ekuo ykSfdd thou esa ;'k vkSj dhfrZ dk Hkkxh
Hkh curk gSA dgk Hkh x;k gS ^lq[k esa tks lqfeju djs rks nq[k dkgs dks gks;A* vius vga dk R;kx dj izHkq izfr
bls lefiZr dj O;fDr d#.kk] n;k] izse] lgkuqHkwfr tSls ekuoh; ,oa mnkRr xq.kksa ls vksr&izksr gksrk gSA ;fn
bZ'oj uke dk ,d ckj Hkh Lej.k dj fy;k tk,] rks ijekRek vkSj euq"; e/; esa dksbZ nhokj [kM+h uÊkj
ugha vk,xhA ;g gekjk vga gh gS] tks Hkze reke tkyksa esa vVdrk gS& êk;k egkBfxuh ge tkuh] frjxqu Qk°l
fy, dj Mksys cksys e/kqdj ckuh*A ek;k dks egkBfxuh dgus okys lar dk uke dchjnkl gSA ;g vga gh gS] tks
ek;k dks lR; vkSj txr dks feF;k eku ysrk gSA izd`fr gesa okrkoj.k dk banztky vfHkjke nsrh gSA ufn;k° dHkh
viuk ty ugha ihrha] o`{k dHkh viuk Qy ugha [kkrs] ok;q lnk lHkh dks 'khryrk iznku djus fy, gh
lapfjr gksrh gSA lw;Z] panzek] rkjs vius izdk'k dks lhekvksa esa ugha ck°/krsA ;g rks euq"; gh gS tks Lo;a dks ßeSaÞ
ca/kuksa esa ck°Ìs j[krk gSA euq"; dh fQrjr gS fd og vdlj vkx yxus ij oqQvk° [kksnrk gSA bZ'oj dk Lej.k]
vga dk R;kx fdlh o; fo'ks"k dh vis{kk ugha j[krsA mls tkfr ca/kuksa esa ugha ck°/kk tk ldrkA og Å°p&uhp]
cM+k&NksVk ugha ns[krkA
(i) euq"; dh vfHkyk"kkvksa dh iwfrZ esa ck/kd rRo crkb,A
mRrj euq"; dh vfHkyk"kkvksa dh iwfrZ esa ck/kd RkRo Lo;a euq"; dk vga gSA
(ii) ^vkx yxus ij dq vk° [kksnuk* eqgkojs dk vFkZ Li"V dhft,A
mRrj foifRr vkus ij mldk gy <°w<+ukA
(iii) ekuoh; vkSj mnkRr xq.kksa fo"k; esa la{ksi esa crk,°A
mRrj d#.kk] n;k] izse vkSj lgkuqHkwfr] ekuoh; vkSj mnkRr xq.k gSaA buls euq"; {kqnz Hkkoukvksa ls Åij
mBrk gS vkSj ykSfdd thou esa ;'k vkSj dh£r dk Hkkxh curk gSA
(iv) 'oj dh vuqHkwfr djus esa dkSu&lk euq"; lQy gks ldrk gS\
bZ
mRrj og O;fDr] tks viuk vga R;kx nsrk gS vkSj lekt esa lHkh ls izseiwoZd O;ogkj djrk gSA og vius
ân; esa bZ'oj dh vuqHkwfr djus esa leFkZ gksrk gSA
(v) xn~;ka'k esa HkfDr vkSj deZ esa ls fdls Js"B crk;k x;k gS\
mRrj HkfDr vkSj deZ esa ls deZ Js"B gSA vga dk ifjR;kx dj gh ge ekuq"k&/keZ dk fuokZg djrs gSaA
ckg~;kpkjksa ca/ku dks rksM+ dj bZ'oj dk uke Lej.k djuk Hkh deZ gSA
(vi) mi;qZDr xn~;ka'k dk lans'k Li"V dhft,A
mRrj vius ân; esa izse dh Hkkouk j[kdj euq"; lekt esa d#.kk vkSj n;k dh Hkkouk dk lapkj djsA
(vii) bl xn~;ka'k fy, dksbZ mfpr 'kh"kZd nhft,A
mRrj bZ'oj vuqjfDr esa vga gh ck/kd vFkok losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku%A
10- Hkkjr —f"k iz/kku ns'k gSA ;gk° dh 65 izfr'kr vkcknh fdlkuksa dh gSA gekjh vFkZO;oLFkk dh /kqjh
fdlku gSaA ;s fdlku lkjs ns'k esa QSys gq, gSaA buds [ksrksa esa vUu mxrk gSA fdlku gh Hkkjr HkkX; fo/kkrk gSaA
;gh lPps 'kkld gSaA dfo;ksa us budh egRrk dk cgqr xq.kxku fd;k gSA
vkt ns'k dks vkÊkkn gq, lRrj o"kZ gks x, gSa ij fdlkuksa dh n'kk esa fo'ks"k lq/kkj ugha gqvk gSA vkt Hkh
mudh n'kk n;uh; cuh gqbZ gSA os vkt Hkh vf'k{kk] nfjnzrk ,oa fiNM+siu esa th jgs gSaA mu cPpksa fy, vHkh
rd f'k{kk dh i;kZIr O;oLFkk ugha gks ikbZ gSA xk°oksa esa Ldw yksa dh la[;k ux.; gS vkSj f'k{kdksa dh deh cuh jgrh
gSA nfjnzrk us vHkh rd mudks cqjh rjg tdM+ j[kk gSA vHkh Hkh ns'k fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa fdlku vk£Fkd cks>
rys ncs gq, gSa vkSj vkRegR;k djus dks foo'k gSa] ;g lc mudh vk£Fkd foo'krk dkj.k gks jgk gSA igys
fdlku tehankjksa ls _.k ysrs Fks] vkt dk fdlku cSadksa _.k rys nck gqvk gSA ljdkj us dbZ gÊkkj djksM+ #i,
fdlku _.k dks ek¤ fd;k gS] ij og vi;kZIr gSA fdlku vHkh Hkh fiNM+siu dk f'kdkj cuk gqvk gSA nqfu;k
us Hkys gh fdruh Hkh rjDdh D;ksa u dj yh gks] ij fdlku fy, ;g fujFkZd gSA fdlku xk°o vHkh Hkh
rjDdh dh nkSM+ esa cgqr ihNs gSaA xk°oksa esa vkt Hkh tu&lqfo/kkvksa dh deh gS] vkt Hkh muds ?kj dk okrkoj.k
xanxh ls ifjiw.kZ gSA mUgsa 'kqn~/k is;ty rd miyC/k ugha gks ikrkA
(i) fdlku dk D;k egRRo crk;k x;k gS\
mRrj š vUunkrk š vFkZO;oLFkk dh /kqjh š HkkX; fo/kkrk š lPps 'kkld
(ii) fdlku dh n'kk ij fVIi.kh dhft,\
mRrj š n;uh; n'kk š vf'k{kk] nfjnzrk fiNM+kiu š cPpksa fy, vi;kZIr f'k{kk&O;oLFkk
š vkfFkZd foo'krk š _.k dk cks> š vkRegR;k djus dks foo'k
(iii) xk°oksa dh n'kk fdl izdkj lq/kkjh tk ldrh gS\
mRrj š mu fy, cuh ;kstukvksa dks vey esa ykdj LoPNrk viukdj @ ykdj š f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk esa
lq/kkj ykdj š tu lqfo/kkvksa dks miyC/k djokdj ¼'kqn~/k is;ty miyC/k djkuk½ š vkfFkZd
fLFkfr esa lq/kkj dj
(iv) fdlkuksa dh vk£Fkd fLFkfr lq/kkj fy, ljdkj us dkSu&dkSu ls dne mBk, gSa\
mRrj š _.k ekQh š cSadksa ls _.k&izkfIr dh lqfo/kk š fdlkuksa ds fgr esa ;kstukvksa dks ykxw djuk
(v) ^—f"k iz/kku ns'k* dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
mRrj š vf/kd la[;k esa fdlkuksa n~okjk [ksrh djuk @ vFkZO;oLFkk —f"k ij vk/kkfjr
(vi) xn~;ka'k fy, ,d mi;qDr 'kh"kZd nhft,A
mRrj š Hkkjrh; fdlku dh n'kk ¼vU; mi;qDr 'kh"kZd Hkh Lohdk;Z½
11- thou izfr oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k D;k gS\ esjs fopkj ls bldk vk'k; gS gj pht+ dh tk°p&ij[k djuk]
xyfr;k° djrs gq, vkSj muls lh[kdj vkSj ijh{k.k dj lR; dh ryk'k djukA ;g dHkh ugha dguk fd ,slk gh
gksuk pkfg,] cfYd bl ckr dks le>uk fd ,slk D;ksa gSA iwjh rjg vk'oLr gksdj mls Lohdkj djuk] vius fopkjksa
dks cnyus dh {kerk j[kukA bl izdkj dk [kqyk fnekx j[kuk] tks tgk° ls Hkh feys lPpkbZ xzg.k djus dk bPNqd
jgsA vxj ;gh laL—fr gS rks cgqr&lh jk"Vªh;] varjjk"Vªh; leL;kvksa dks gy djuk vklku gks tk,xkA
izk;% nqfu;k dk gj ns'koklh ;g fo'okl djrk gS fd l`"Vk us mls dqN fo'ks"k xq.k nsdj Hkstk gS] fd ogh
nwljksa dh vis{kk Js"B tkfr ;k leqnk; dk gSA nwljs pkgs vPNs ;k cqjs] ysfdu mlls dqN ?kfV;k izk.kh gSaA viuh
bl /kkj.kk ckotwn fd ge dbZ phtksa esa nwljksa ls Js"B gSa] bfrgkl bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd ,sls ns'kksa dks dqN
fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa etcwj gksdj ;g ekuuk iM+k fd mUgsa Hkh gjk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mudk 'kks"k.k fd;k tk
ldrk gSA ge Hkh HkkSfrd vkSj rduhdh pht+ksa esa cgqr vkxs c<+s gq, ugha Fks] ysfdu ;s cM+h Åijh phts+sa gSa] fQj Hkh
ge t:jh pht+ksa esa vk/;kfRedrk vkSj uSfrdrk esa] nwljksa ls Å°psa gSa fdUrq lR; ;g Hkh gS fd ,d gh ckr dks idM+
dj cSBs jguk tM+rk dks tUe nsrk gSA gesa [kqys eu&efLr"d ls vius ikjaifjd fopkjksa dks oSKkfud fparu dh
dlkSVh ij dlus&ij[kus fy, rRij jguk pkfg, vkSj ;fn dksbZ ckr] dksbZ ekU;rk vkt voSKkfud fln~/k gks
rks mls R;kxus ;k mlesa ifjektZu djus esa ladksp ugha djuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;gh oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k dk izeq[k
y{k.k gSA
(i) oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k dks ys[kd us dSls le>k;k gS\
mRrj š gj pht dh tk°p&ij[k djuk š xyfr;k° dj muls lh[kuk š ijh{k.k dj lR; dh ryk'k
djuk š rkfdZd vk/kkj ij fopkjksa dks cnyus dh {kerk j[kuk
(ii) gesa thou dh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk dSls djuk pkfg, vkSj D;ksa\
mRrj š [kqys fnekx ls oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k viukdj š leL;kvksa funku fy, š D;ksafd ,d gh ckr
dks idM+dj cSBs jgus ls thou esa tM+rk vk tkrh gSA
(iii) izk;% yksx vius ckjs esa D;k /kkj.kk j[krs gSa vkSj mu mu ckjs esa bfrgkl D;k fln~/k djrk gS\
mRrj š l`"Vk us mUgsa fo'ks"k xq.kksa lkFk Hkstk gS š Lo;a dks nwljksa ls Js"B le>uk š muls Hkh Js"B tkfr@
leqnk; yksx gSa š mUgsa Hkh gjk;k tk ldrk gS rFkk mudk Hkh 'kks"k.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(iv) ys[kd vuqlkj ge fdu ckrksa esa vU; yksxksa ls Js"B gSa\ muesa cnyko dh vko';drk D;ksa
iM+ ldrh gS\
mRrj š ge vÍ;kfRedrk vkSj uSfrdrk {ks= esa nwljksa ls Js"B gSa š cnyko u gksus ij tM+rk dh fLFkfr vk
ldrh gS š oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k fy, cnyko vfuok;Z gS
(v) jk"Vªh; varjjk"Vªh; leL;kvksa dk lek/kku dc laHko gS\
mRrj š [kqys fnekx ls oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k viukuk š lPpkbZ tgk° ls Hkh feys mls xzg.k djus fy,
bPNqd jguk
(vi) mi;qZDr xn~;ka'k fy, mi;qDr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A
mRrj š oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k ¼vU; mi;qDr 'kh"kZd Hkh Lohdk;Z½
vH;kl&iz'u
fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'kksa dks /;kuiwoZd if<+, vkSj ml ij vk/kkfjr iz'uksa ds mRrj nhft,µ
1. pk°nuh dh rktxh vkSj 'khryrk dk vkuan og euq"; ysrk gS tks fnuHkj /kwi esa Fkddj ykSVk gS] ftl
'kjhj dks vc rjykbZ dh t:jr eglwl gksrh gS vkSj ftldk eu ;g tkudj larq"V gS fd fnu Hkj dk le; mlus
fdlh vPNs dke esa yxk;k gSA
bl foijhr og vkneh Hkh gS tks fnu Hkj f[kM+fd;k° can dj ia[ks uhps fNik gqvk Fkk vkSj vc jkr esa
ftldh lst ckgj pk°nuh esa yxkbZ xbZ gSA Hkze rks 'kk;n gksrk gksxk fd og pk°nuh ets ys jgk gS] ysfdu lp iwfN,
rks og [kq'kcwnkj Qwyksa jl esa fnu&jkr lM+ jgk gSA
Hkkstu dk vlyh Lokn mlh dks feyrk gS tks dqN fnu fcuk [kk, Hkh jg ldrk gSA ^R;Drsu HkaqthFkk* vFkkZr~
thou dk Hkksx R;kx lkFk djks] ;g oy ijekFkZ dk gh mins'k ugha gS] D;ksafd la;e ls Hkksx djus ij thou
ls tks vkuan izkIr gksrk gS] og fujk Hkksxh cudj Hkksxus ls ugha fey ikrkA
cM+h phtsa cM+s ladVksa esa fodkl ikrh gSa] cM+h gfLr;k° cM+h eqlhcrksa eas iydj nqfu;k ij dCtk djrh gSaA
vdcj us rsjg lky dh mez esa vius cki nq'eu dks ijkLr dj fn;k Fkk ftldk ,dek= dkj.k Fkk fd vdcj
dk tUe jsfxLRkku esa gqvk FkkA
lkgl dh ftanxh lcls cM+h ftanxh gksrh gSA ,slh ftanxh dh lcls cM+h igpku ;g gS fd og fcydqy
fuMj] fcydqy cs[kkSQ gksrh gSA lkglh euq"; dh igyh igpku ;g gS fd og bl ckr dh fpark ugha djrk fd
rek'kk ns[kus okys yksx ml ckjs esa D;k lksp jgs gSaA tuer dh mis{kk dj thus okyk vkneh nqfu;k dh
vlyh rkdr gksrk vkSj euq";rk dks izdk'k Hkh mlh vkneh ls feyrk gSA vM+ksl&iM+ksl dks ns[kdj pyuk] ;g
lk/kkj.k tho dk dke gSA Økafr djus okys yksx vius mn~ns'; dh rqyuk u rks iM+kslh ds mn~ns'; ls djrs gSa vkSj
u viuh pky dks gh iM+kslh dh pky ns[kdj efn~/ke cukrs gSaA
(i) pk°nuh dh 'khryrk dk vkuan fdls feyrk gS\
¼d½ tks pk°nuh esa lksrk gS ¼x½ ftlus fnuHkj /kwi esa ifjJe fd;k gS
¼[k½ tks vkjke pkgrk gS ¼?k½ ftl 'kjhj dks 'khryrk pkfg,
(ii) dkSu&lk O;fDr [kq'kcwnkj Qyksa jl esa lM+rk gS\
¼d½ tks izdk'k ns[krk gS ¼x½ tks jkr dks pk°nuh esa fcLrj yxkrk gS
¼[k½ ftls pk°nuh ets dk Hkze gksrk gS ¼?k½ tks fnuHkj f[kM+dh can dj ia[ks uhps lksrk gS
(iii) thou dk Hkksx fdl izdkj djuk pkfg,\
¼d½ [kwc ets ysdj ¼[k½ Hkw[kk jgdj ¼x½ R;kx lkFk ¼?k½ ijekFkZ dj
(iv) yksx cM+s dc curs gSa\
¼d½ ladVksa dks >sydj ¼x½ eqlhcrksa ls cpdj
¼[k½ nq'eu dks ijkLr dj ¼?k½ nqfu;k ij dCtk dj
(v) lkgl dh ftanxh dh igpku gS fd og&
¼d½ fcYdqy fuMj ,oa cs[kkSQ gksrh gS ¼x½ tuer dks ns[kdj pyrh gS
¼[k½ vius mn~ns'; dh rqyuk iM+kslh ls djrh gS ¼?k½ viuh pky rst j[krh gS
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. i`Foh leLr euq";ksa dh tkfr ,d gh gSµ euq"; tkfrA ekuo dk ekuo ls u dksbZ Hksn gksrk gS] u gks
ldrk gSA lalkj fdlh Hkh Hkkx dk jgus okyk D;ksa u gks og] mldk ,d ek= ifjp; ;g gS fd og ekuo gS]
balku gSA izkjaHk esa ekuo esa fdlh izdkj dh HksnHkkouk ugha FkhA Lo;a ekuo us ikjLifjd Hksn dh jpuk dh gSA
vfÍkdkj&cks/k ls mlesa LokFkZ dh Hkkouk dk tUe gqvk] fQj blls vU; vusd Hksnksa dh nhokjsa mB [kM+h gks xb±A
nqfu;k reke >xM+ksa dh tM+ esa ;gh LokFkZ Hkkouk gS] ftlls vius ijk, cu tkrs gSaA
xkSre cqn~/k] bZlk elhg] eqgEen] pSrU;] ukud vkfn egkiq#"kksa us lalkj esa 'kkafr O;oLFkk ,oa ln~Hkkouk
izlkj fy, /keZ ekÍ;e ls euq"; dks ijedY;k.k iFk dk funZs'k fd;k] fdarq ckn esa ;gh /keZ euq";
gkFk esa ,d vL= cu x;kA /keZ uke ij jDrikr gqvkA euq"; tkfr foiUu gks xbZA ij Ìhjs&Ìhjs euq";
'kqHkcqn~f/k ls /keksZUekn u'ks ls gq, vkSj gks ldus okys vuFkZ dks le>us yx x;k gSA
/kk£ed fo'okltfur HksnHkkouk vc /kjrh ls /khjs&/khjs feVrh tk jgh gSA foKku dh izxfr lkFk&lkFk
lapkj lk/kuksa eas vHkwriwoZ o`n~f/k gqbZ gSA Qyr% ns'kksa eas nwfj;k° de gks xbZ gSaA vc ,d ns'k nwljs ns'k dks vPNh
rjg tkuus yx x;k gS vkSj fofHkUu ns'kksa vkilh eueqVko nwj gksus yxs gSaA fQj Hkh lalkj esa o.kZHksn dh leL;k
vkt Hkh fdlh u fdlh :i esa orZeku gSA dHkh uLy] dHkh jax] dHkh o.kZ] dHkh tkfr uke ij dq N yksx
ccZjrkiw.kZ O;ogkj djrs jgs gSaA HksnHkko bl dyad dks Hkh feVkuk gksxkA
tks Hkh gks] lalkj lc euq"; ,d gSaA leLr Hksn —f=e gSa vkSj feV ldrs gSaA ve`r larku gS ekuoA euq";
fo'o leLr thoksa esa Js"Bre gS vkSj mlesa vlhe 'kfDr gSA vis{kk gS] f'k{kk O;kid izlkj dhA f'k{kk
ekuoh; ewY;ksa egRRo izfr tkx:drk mRiUu djus dk ,d ek= lkÌu gSA blls ge vius dks lc izdkj
dh ladh.kZrk dyq"k ls eqDr dj viuh n`f"V dks fueZy vkSj foLrh.kZ cuk ldrs gSaA
(i) ekuo esa ikjLifjd Hksn dh jpuk fdlus dh\
¼d½ iz—fr us ¼[k½ tho&tarqvksa us ¼x½ Lo;a ekuo us ¼?k½ bZ'oj us
(ii) nq f u;k reke >xM+ k s a dh tM+ D;k gS \
¼d½ vf/kd lq[k&lqfo/kk,° ¼x½ ykyph izo`fRr
¼[k½ euq"; esa LokFkZ Hkkouk ¼?k½ vf/kd /ku&nkSyr
(iii) egkiq#"kksa us euq"; dks dY;k.k iFk dk funsZ'k D;ksa fn;k\
¼d½ yksxksa dh vk; c<+kus fy, ¼x½ lalkj esa lq[k&lqfo/kk,° c<+kus fy,
¼[k½ f'k{kk dk Lrj c<+kus fy, ¼?k½ lalkj esa 'kkafr ,oa ln~Hkkouk izlkj fy,
(iv) ns'kksa esa nwfj;k° dSls de gqb±\
¼d½ lapkj lk/kuksa fodkl ls ¼x½ f'k{kk izlkj ls
¼[k½ foKku vkSj lapkj lk/kuksa fodkl ls ¼?k½ /keZ izlkj ls
(v) vkt fdl ckr dh vis { kk gS \
¼d½ foKku {ks= esa mUufr djus dh ¼x½ /keZ izpkj dh
¼[k½ f'k{kk izlkj dh ¼?k½ /ku v£tr djus dh
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. ßesjh varjkRek ls vkokÊk mBh fd eq>s lc dq N R;kx nsuk pkfg, vkSj viuk thou bZ'oj rFkk
nfjnzukjk;.k dh lsok esa le£ir dj nsuk pkfg,AÞ enj Vsjslk dks lsok dh izsj.kk ls feyh] bl flyflys esa dgs
mu ;s 'kCn gSaA HkkSxksfyd lhek lc ca/kuksa dks rksM+dj enj Vsjslk bl fo'kky fo'o ,d lqnwj vapy ls
Hkkjr dksydkrk uxj esa pyh vkb±A bl egh;lh efgyk dk vkfoHkkZo ,d uSl£xd d#.kk/kkjk :i esa gqvkA
ek° us Hkw[ks dks Hkkstu fn;k] oL=ghu dks oL=] vkJ;ghu dks vkJ;] jksxh dks vkS"kf/k] vk'kkghu dks vk'kk vkSj
eqeq"kqZ dks thou dk vk'okluA vkrZ] ihfM+r vkSj fu%lgk; euq";ksa dh eerke;h ek° cu xb± osA
enj Vsjslk vV~Bkjg o"kZ dh vk;q esa vk;jySaM ykWjsVks /keZla?k ls v/;kiu dk;Z fy, Hkkjr vkb±A
dksydkRkk esa ykWjsVks lsUV esjhÊk gkbZ Ldw y esa os Hkwxksy i<+kus yxhaA ckn esa os fon~;ky; dh iz/kkukpk;kZ cu xb±A
v/;kiu djrs oDr mu thou esa ,d ifjorZu 'kq: gks x;k FkkA Ldw y dh nhokj ml ikj eksrh >hy cLrh
esa tkdj tc os cM+h lgkuqHkwfr lkFk ogk° §jhc vkSj cslgkjk yksxksa dh nq[kHkjh ckrsa lqurh Fkha rks mudk eu
fo"kkn ls Hkj tkrk FkkA
os laU;kfluh cu xb± vkSj uke cnydj ^Vsjslk* j[kkA ,d fnu mUgsa yxk fd tSls mUgksaus bZlk elhg dh ok.kh
lquhA mu fy, tSls ;g ije firk dk vkg~oku FkkA vc mUgksaus nhu&nfjnz yksxksa dh lsok esa vius dks iwjh rjg
yxk fn;kA os ,d Hkkjrh; ukjh dh iks'kkd iguus yxhaA Hkkjr dks gh mUgksaus viuk ns'k eku fy;kA mUgksaus vusd
vkJe LFkkfir fd,A vkt iwjs ns'k esa vusd Ldw y] /kekZFkZ fpfdRlky;] dq "B fpfdRlk anz vkSj mn~/kkjkJe
mudh nsu gSaA /khjs&/khjs lewpk fo'o gh mudk deZ{ks= cu x;k FkkA
bl efgeke;h ek° n'kZu dj lalkj yksx vfHkHkwr gks x,A lewps fo'o us enj Vsjslk dks vusd
iqjLdkjksa] mikf/k;ksa ls lEekfur dj mudh nfjnz ,oa vkRrZ euq";ksa dh lsok dks Loh—fr iznku dhA enj Vsjslk
vkt lcdh Lusge;h ek° :i esa vej gSaA
(i) enj Vsjslk dh varjkRek us mUgsa viuk thou fdl fy, le£ir djus dh izsj.kk nh\
¼d½ /keZ izpkj fy, ¼x½ bZ'oj rFkk nfjnzksa dh lsok fy,
¼[k½ f'k{kknku fy, ¼?k½ fon~;ky; rFkk fpfdRlky; [kqyokus fy,
(ii) enj Vsjslk us viuh deZHkwfe fdls cuk;k\
¼d½ Hkkjr dksydkrk uxj dks ¼x½ laiw.kZ fo'o dks
¼[k½ vk;jySaM dks ¼?k½ mijksDr lHkh dks
(iii) enj Vs j s l k fdl fo"k; dh v/;kfidk Fkha \
¼d½ n'kZu'kkL= ¼[k½ vaxzsth ¼x½ bfrgkl ¼?k½ Hkwxksy
(iv) Hkkjr ns'k dks enj Vsjslk dh nsu gSµ
¼d½ vusd Ldw y vkSj /kekZFkZ fpfdRlky; ¼x½ dq N fpfdRlk anz
¼[k½ mn~/kkjkJe ¼?k½ mijksDr lHkh
(v) xn~ ; ka ' k dk mi;q D r 'kh"kZ d gks x kµ
¼d½ enj Vsjslk ¼x½ v/;kfidk Vsjslk
¼[k½ eerke;h enj Vsjslk ¼?k½ lekt lsfodk Vsjslk
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- fon~;kFkhZ jk"Vª dh lcls cM+h laifRr gksrs gSAa fon~;kFkhZ thou euq"; dk Lo£.ke dky gksrk gSA thou bl
Lo£.ke dky esa og viuh 'kfDr;ksa dk fodkl djrk gS rFkk ifjokj] lekt vkSj jk"Vª fy, vius drZO;ksa ,oa
vfÍkdkjksa dk Kku izkIr djrk gSA tUe ls ysdj iPphl o"kZ rd dh vk;q dks fon~;kFkhZ thou ;k czg~ep;Z vkJe dg
ldrs gSAa bl dky esa fon~;kFkhZ dk eq[; y{; fon~;k izkfIr gksuk pkfg,A fon~;kFkhZ thou ekuo thou dk Lo£.ke
dky gS D;ksfa d blh dky esas Kku izkIr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk Hkkoh thou dh uhao Hkh blh dky eas j[kh tkrh gSA ;gh og
vkJe gS ftlesa vPNs laLdkj viuk, tk ldrs gSa rFkk LoLFk 'kjhj] eu ,oa efLr"d dh uhao j[kh tk ldrh gSA
ftl izdkj fdlh Hkou dh eÊkcwrh mldh uhao ij gksrh gS] mlh izdkj thou dh vk/kkjf'kyk fon~;kFkhZ thou gSA
;fn ;g vk/kkjf'kyk iDdh gksxh rks thou Hkh vkuane; rFkk lQy gksxk] vU;Fkk ughaA izkphu dky esa blh vOkLFkk
esa fon~;k£Fk;ksa dks xq#vksas vkJeksa rFkk xq#dq yksa esa i<+us Hkstk tkrk Fkk] tks uxjksa dh HkhM+&HkkM+ ls nwj fLFkr gksrs FksA
xq# vius f'k";ksa dks bl vofÌ esa rik&rik dj dapu&lk cuk nsrs FksA ijarq vktdy dh f'k{kk in~/kfr cny xbZ gS
vkSj vktdy fon~;kFkhZ vuq'kklughu] y{;ghu rFkk laLdkjghu gksrs tk jgs gSAa vkpk;Z pk.kD; vuqlkjµ ßdkS,
leku ps"Vk'khy] cxqys leku /;kujr vkSj dq Rrs leku de lksus okyk rFkk lkoÌku] de [kkus okyk rFkk
?kj dks R;kxdj fon~;k xzg.k djus okyk& ;s gh vkn'kZ fon~;kFkhZ ik°p y{k.k gSAa ** vkn'kZ fon~;kFkhZ vius xq#
izfr Jn~/kk j[krk gS] i<+u&s fy[kus ls vuqjkx j[krk gS rFkk ifjJeh] Lokoyach rFkk deZB gksrk gSA fon~;kFkhZ esa
fou;'khyrk] la;e] vkKkdkfjrk ,oa lknxh xq.kksa dk gksuk Hkh ijeko';d gSA fon~;kFkhZ thou esa fon~;kFkhZ dks
vR;ar lko/kkuh ls fon~;k/;;u djuk pkfg, rFkk le; dk lnqi;ksx djrs gq, vPNs LOkkLF; dh izkfIr Hkh djuh
pkfg,A mls dq laxfr ls dkslksa nwj jguk pkfg, D;ksfa d dq lax dk Toj vR;ar Hk;kud gksrk gSA fon~;kFkhZ dks Hkk"kk] /keZ]
tkfr] izn's k rFkk lainz k; vkfn dh ladh.kZrk dks R;kx lPpk ukxfjd cuus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A mls ladq fpr
fopkjks]a va/kfo'oklksa ,oa dq jhfr;ksa dk Hkh R;kx dj nsuk pkfg,A
(i) fon~;k£Fk;ksa iz;Ru vkSj ,dkxzrk fdl&fdl leku gksus pkfg,\
¼d½ iz;Ru fcYyh leku] ,dkxzrk cxqys leku
¼[k½ iz;Ru dkS, leku] ,dkxzrk cxqys leku
¼x½ iz;Ru cxqys leku] ,dkxzrk dkS, leku
¼?k½ iz;Ru ykseM+h leku] ,dkxzrk fcYyh leku
(ii) fon~;kFkhZ esa dkSu ls xq.kksa dk gksuk ijeko';d gS\
¼d½ fou;'khyrk ¼[k½ la;e ¼x½ vkKkdkfjrk ,oa lknxh ¼?k½ mijksDr lHkh
(iii) czg~ep;Z vkJe fdrus o"kZ dh vk;q rd gksrk gS\
¼d½ tUe ls ysdj iPphl o"kZ dh vk;q rd ¼x½ tUe ls ysdj rhl o"kZ dh vk;q rd
¼[k½ tUe ls ysdj chl o"kZ dh vk;q rd ¼?k½ tUe ls ysdj bDdhl o"kZ dh vk;q rd
(iv) izkphu dky esa fon~;kFkhZ dgk° i<+rs Fks\
¼d½ vkJeksa esa ¼[k½ xq#dq yksa esa ¼x½ vkJeksa rFkk xq#dq yksa esa ¼?k½ fon~;ky;ksa easa
(v) vktdy fon~;kFkhZ dSls gSa\
¼d½ vuq'kklughu ¼[k½ y{;ghu ¼x½ laLdkjghu ¼?k½ mijksDr lHkh
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- vkÊkknh ls iwoZ lHkh /keZ] tkfr rFkk laiznk; yksxksa us HksnHkko ls ijs gVdj vaxzsÊkksa ls la?k"kZ fd;k FkkA
ifj.kkeLo:i vaxzstksa dks bl ns'k dh /kjrh dks NksM+dj tkuk iM+kA ;fn tkfr rFkk laiznk; chp esa [kM+s gks tkrs
rks Hkkjr dk vkt tks ekufp= gS] cnyk gksrkA vkt ca/kqRo] izse rFkk ln~Hkkouk dk LFkku ?k`.kk rFkk fgalk us ys
fy;k gSA vkt jafrnso] d.kZ rFkk jktk gfj'panz tSls nkuh rFkk R;kxh egkiq#"k dgk° gSa ftUgksaus viuh ckr rFkk nku
dh [kkfrj vius izk.kksa dks v£ir djus esa Hkh rfud ladksp ugha fd;kA igys gekjs ns'k tuekul esa ;g Hkko
fon~;eku Fkk fd nku rFkk R;kx dk izHkq mRre Qy nsrk gS RkFkk Hkfo"; Hkh mTToy curk gSA ijarq vkt dk ekuo
Hkfo"; dh fpark u dj ek= orZeku ij gh viuh n`f"V afnzr fd, gq, gSA ;su&u&izdkjs.k orZeku thou
dks lq[ke; cuk fy;k tk, vkxs dh D;k lkspukA ;s Hkkouk uSfrdrk dk àkl djus okyh gSA ekuo thou dh
lkFkZdrk blh esa gS fd og nwljksa lq[k&nq[k dk /;ku j[ksA blls vkRek izlUu jgrh gS rFkk euq"; nwljksa dh
lgkuqHkwfr dk ik= curk gSA lekt izR;sd oxZ esa lEeku dk ik= curk gS] vkSj ekuork dk lPpk iqtkjh
dgykrk gSA vkt euq"; dks ;g le>us dh vko';drk gS fd ijksidkj ls tks vkuan dh izkfIr gksrh gS og fnO;
rFkk vykSfdd gSA gekjh /keZ ls vksr&izkrs laL—fr ij lnSo Hkkjr dks xoZ rFkk vfHkeku jgk gSA gekjs ns'k dk ÌeZ
^loZtu fgrk;* dh Hkkouk ls vksr&izksr jgk gSA ;gk° dk ekuo Lo;a fy, ugha vfirq lnk ls nwljksa fgr
fy, thus dk vH;Lr jgk gSA
(i) vkÊkknh ls iw o Z lcus fdlls la ? k"kZ fd;k\
¼d½ iqrZxkfy;ksa ls ¼[k½ Ýkalhfl;ksa ls ¼x½ Mp ls ¼?k½ vaxzsÊkksa ls
(ii) vkt ca / kq R o] iz s e rFkk ln~ H kkouk dk LFkku fdlus ys fy;k gS \
¼d½ ?k`.kk rFkk izse ¼[k½ ln~Hkko rFkk fgalk ¼x½ ?k`.kk rFkk fgalk ¼?k½ >wB rFkk n~os"k
(iii) vkt dk ekuo fdl ij n` f "V a f nz r fd, gq , gS \
¼d½ orZeku ¼[k½ Hkwr ¼x½ Hkfo"; ¼?k½ dy
(iv) nwljksa lq[k&nq[k dk /;ku j[kus okyk fdldk iqtkjh dgykrk gS\
¼d½ Hkxoku ¼[k½ ekuork ¼x½ eafnj ¼?k½ ca/kqRo
(v) gekjs ns ' k dk /keZ fdl Hkkouk ls vks r &iz k s r jgk gS \
¼d½ loZtu ijksidkj ¼[k½ lR;eso t;rs ¼x½ loZtu fgrk; ¼?k½ loZ/keZ leHkko
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6- thou esa lQyrk dk ,dek= vk/kkj iq#"kkFkZ gh gSA bl vHkko esa euq"; u rks lq[k&le`n~fÌ izkIr dj
ldrk gS] u gh ;'k dk Hkkxh cu ldrk gSA tc&tc euq"; us iq#"kkFkZ dk oj.k fd;k] rc&rc og lQyrk dh
lhf<+;k° p<+rk pyk x;kA fujarj iq#"kkFkZ djus okys uj¯lgksa us lalkj esa foy{k.k izfrHkk,° vftZr dh gSaA blh
cy ij mUgksaus ,ojsLV tSls loksZPp f'k[kjksa ij fot; ikbZ] varfj{k esa Nyk°x yxkbZ vkSj ns'k&lsok] lekt&lsok]
f'k{kk&izlkj vkfn vusd ljkguh; dk;ks± n~okjk ekuork dk iFk iz'kLr fd;kA gekjk bfrgkl iq#"kkFkhZ O;fDr;ksa
dk xkSjo&xku gh rks gS] ftUgksaus vius y{; dks ikus fy, viuh lHkh 'kfDr;ksa dks fu;ksftr fd;k vkSj iq#"kkFkZ
dks loksZPp egRRo fn;kA muesa izeq[k gSaµegkeuk enu eksgu ekyoh;] HkkjrjRu MkWÿ fo'os'ojS;k] eqa'kh
izsepan] enj Vsjslk] egkRek xka/kh] osadV jkeu vkfnA vf/kdka'k yksx thou dh fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa dkj.k
¯pfrr jgrs gSaA la?k"kZ FkisM+ksa ls mudh thou&ukSdk Mxexkus yxrh gS] ijarq tks O;fDr bu fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa
rw¤ku ls iq#"kkFkZ cy ij viuh ukSdk fudky ys tkrs gSa] os thou esa lQyrk dk oj.k dj nwljksa
fy, vkn'kZ cu tkrs gSaA egkRek xka/kh fujarj fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls tw>rs jgs] vusd ckj tsy Hkh x, ¯drq vius
y{; dks ugha Hkwys] fujarj iq#"kkFkZ djrs jgs vkSj ns'k dks vkÊkknh fnykbZA vius cy ij gh enj Vsjslk us fnO;
LFkku izkIr dj fy;kA fcuk fdlh LokFkZ fujarj iq#"kkFkZ vkSj R;kx ls os lalkj fy, iwT;k cu xb±A Bkdqj
johanuz kFk VSxksj] lj lhÿ ohÿ jkeu] MkWÿ gkseh tgk°xhj HkkHkk] MkWÿ veR;Z lsu vius iq#"kkFkZ cy ij ;'kLoh
cus vkSj ukscsy iqjLdkj izkIr fd;kA okLro esa tks O;fDr iq#"kkFkhZ gksrs gSa os fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls tw>rs gq,
dksbZ&u&dksbZ ,slk ekxZ [kkst fudkyrs gSa fd lQyrk mudh vuqxkfeuh cu tk,A Lokeh foosdkuan f'k";
MkWÿ gsMxsokj iq#"kkFkZ fo"k; esa dgk djrs Fksµßu rdks± ls] u fln~Ìkarksa ls] u foospu ls] u okn&fookn ls
vkSj u 'kkL=kFkZ ls] cfYd ,dek= iq#"kkFkZ ls gh y{; dh izkfIr laHko gSAÞ vius iq#"kkFkZ cy ij gh os
ijkÍkhu Hkkjr esa lkaL—frd psruk yk lA vkt rd fdlh Hkh HkkX;oknh O;fDr us lekt dks D;k iznku fd;k
gS\µ dq N ughaA ;g euq"; dk iq#"kkFkZ gh rks gS fd vkt ge fofHkUu lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ls ;qDr thou th jgs gSaA
iq#"kkFkhZ ,oa drZO;ijk;.k O;fDr;ksa dks fdlh vkMacj dh vko';drk ugha gksrhA mu fy, rks iq#"kkFkZ gh
mikluk gS] lk/kuk gS] riL;k gSA
(i) thou es a lQyrk dk ,dek= vk/kkj D;k gS \
¼d½ cqn~f/k&cy ¼[k½ 'kfDr ¼x½ vkRe&cy ¼?k½ iq#"kkFkZ
(ii) fdl oj.k ls euq " ; us lQyrk dh lhf<+ ; k° p<+ h a \
¼d½ ohjrk ¼[k½ iq#"kkFkZ ¼x½ lkSgknZ ¼?k½ lR;
(iii) HkkX;oknh O;fDr us lekt dks D;k iznku fd;k gS\
¼d½ cgqr dq N ¼[k½ lc dq N ¼x½ dq N ugha ¼?k½ dq N&dq N
(iv) iq # "kkFkhZ ,oa drZ O ;ijk;.k O;fDr;ks a dks fdldh vko';drk ugha gS \
¼d½ vkMacj dh ¼[k½ lkSgknZ dh ¼x½ >wB dh ¼?k½ lgk;rk dh
(v) vkt euq"; fdl cy ij fofHkUu lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa ;qDr thou th jgk gS\
¼d½ foKku cy ij ¼x½ lR; cy ij
¼[k½ T;ksfr"k cy ij ¼?k½ iq#"kkFkZ cy ij
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7- ^xq#* 'kCn nks 'kCnksa esy ls cuk gS& xq$#A ^xq* dk vFkZ gS& va/kdkj vkSj ^#* dk vFkZ gS&çdk'k vFkkZr
tks vKku va/kdkj dk uk'k dj Kku çdk'k dh vksj ys tkrk gS] og xq# gSA egf"kZ osn O;kl us ekuork
dks vuar Kku fn;kA vr% mu tUefnu dks xq# iwf.kZek ;k O;kl iwf.kZek :i esa euk;k tkrk gSA osn O;kl us
êgkHkkjr* dh jpuk dh FkhA Hkkjrh; laL—fr esa xq# dks fo'ks"k LFkku çkIr gSA ^lrxq#* dh efgek dk vk[;ku
lar&lkfgR; esa fd;k x;k gSA lrxq# og gS tks lR;:ih ije&rRRo dk Kkrk gSA xq# vKku:ih va/kdkj dk uk'k
djrk gS vkSj /keZ dk mins'k nsrk gSA egkRek xka/kh us viuh iqLrd ^lR; ç;ksx* esa fy[kk gS& ßfganw /keZ esa
xq# in dks tks egRRo fn;k x;k gS] mls eSa ekurk gw°A xq# fcu gksr u ^Kku* ;g cgqrka'k esa lp gSAÞ Hkkjrh;
laL—fr esa ç—fr fofo/k miknkuksa dks Hkh xq# :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA ,d ckj egkjkt ;nq dh nRrk=s; ls HksaV
gqbZA okrkZyki nkSjku nRRkk=s; us pkSchl xq#vksa fo"k; esa tkudkjh nh] ftuesa i`Foh] vkdk'k] vfXu] ty]
ok;q :ih iaprRo] lw;Z] paæek :ih [kxksyh; fiaM vkSj typj rFkk uHkpj lfEefyr FksA ckyd fur&çfr
vkuaneXu jgrk gSA og O;fDr dks bldh f'k{kk nsrk gSA vr% ckyd Hkh gekjk xq# gh gqvkA larksa us rks xq# fy,
vusd 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx fd;k gS( tSls& ln~xq#] lrxq#] ijexq#] xq#nso vkfnA dchjnkl us xq# dks xksfoan ls Hkh
cM+k crk;k gSA ;n~;fi dchjnkl vui<+ Fks fQj Hkh mu xq# jkekuan Fks vkSj xq# lalxZ esa jgdj gh dchj
dh cqn~fÌ rhoz gqbZ vkSj os Kkuh dgyk,A ,dyO; Hkhy tkfr dk FkkA mlus æks.kkpk;Z dks viuk xq# ekudj
Íkuq£on~;k lh[kuk vkjaHk fd;k rFkk vtqZu ls Hkh Js"B /kuq/kZj cu x;kA mlus æks.kkpk;Z dks viuk v°xwBk
g°lrs&g°lrs xq# nf{k.kk esa ns fn;kA d.kZ xq# ij'kqjke FksA Jhjke us Hkh viuk ckY;dky xq# lalxZ esa gh
O;rhr fd;kA vr% fuf'pr tkuks fd xq# fcu gksbZ u KkuA
(i) ^xq # * 'kCn dkS u ls nks 'kCnks a es y ls cuk gS \
¼d½ x$j ¼[k½ xq$# ¼x½ x$: ¼?k½ x$#
(ii) fdl tUefnu dks xq # iw £ .kek dgk tkrk gS \
¼d½ eg£"k n;kuan ¼[k½ eg£"k okYehfd ¼x½ eg£"k foosdkuan ¼?k½ eg£"k osn O;kl
(iii) fdlus xq # dks xks f oa n ls cM+ k crk;k gS \
¼d½ rqylhnkl ¼[k½ lwjnkl ¼x½ dchjnkl ¼?k½ dkfynkl
(iv) d.kZ xq # dkS u Fks \
¼d½ vtqZu ¼[k½ ij'kqjke ¼x½ Hkh"e firkeg ¼?k½ Jh —".k
(v) ckyd gekjs xq # tS l k D;ks a gS \
¼d½ og lR; cksyrk gS ¼x½ mldk eu dyqf"kr ugha gS
¼[k½ og ges'kk jksrk gS ¼?k½ og fur&izfr vkuaneXu jgrk gS
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8- Nk=koLFkk esa fe=rk dh /kqu lokj jgrh gSA fe=rk ân; ls meM+h iM+rh gSA ihNs tks Lusg ca/ku gksrs gS]a
muesa u rks bruh meax gksrh gS] u mruh f[kUurkA cky eS=h esa tks eXu djus okyk vkuan gksrk gS] tks ân; dks cs/kus
okyh bZ";kZ vkSj f[kUurk gksrh gS] og vkSj dgk°\ dSlh e/kqjrk vkSj dSlh vuqjfDr gksrh gS] dSlk vikj fo'okl gksrk
gS\ ân; ls dSls&dSls mn~xkj fudyrs gSaA orZeku dSls vkuane; fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS vkSj Hkfo"; lac/a k esa lh
yqHkkusokyh dYiuk,° eu esa jgrh gSAa fdruh tYnh ckrsa yxrh gSa vkSj fdruh tYnh ekuuk&eukuk gksrk gSA
^lgikBh dh fe=rk*µ bl mfDr esa ân; dh fdruh Hkkjh mFky&iqFky dk Hkko Hkjk gqvk gSA fdarq ftl
izdkj ;qok iq#"k dh fe=rk LowQy ckyd dh fe=rk ls n`<+] 'kkar vkSj xaHkhj gksrh gS] mlh izdkj gekjh
;qokoLFkk fe= ckY;koLFkk fe=ksa ls dbZ ckrksa esa fHkUu gksrs gSaA
eSa le>rk gw° fd fe= pkgrs gq, cgqr&ls yksx fe= vkn'kZ dh dYiuk eu esa djrs gksaxsA ij bl dfYir
vkn'kZ ls rks gekjk dke thou >a>Vksa esa pyrk ughaA thou laxzke esa lkFk nsus okys fe=ksa esa oqQN [kkl ckrsa
gksuh pkfg,A fe= oy mls ugha dgrs] ftl xq.kksa dh rks ge iz'kalk djsa] ij ftlls ge Lusg u dj la]
ftlls vius NksVs&NksVs dke rks ge fudkyrs tk,°] ij Hkhrj gh Hkhrj ge ?k`.kk djrs jgsaA fe= lPps iFk&izn'kZd
leku gksuk pkfg, ftl ij ge iwjk fo'okl dj laA
(i) ckY;koLFkk dh fe=rk lh gks r h gS \
¼d½ eu dks vkuan nsus okyh ¼x½ e/kqjrk vkSj vuqjfDr ls Hkjh
¼[k½ ân; dks cs/kus okyh ¼?k½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(ii) thou la x z k e es a lkFk ns u s okys fe= dSl s gks u s pkfg,\
¼d½ lPps iFk&izn'kZd ¼x½ vius esa eXu jgus okys
¼[k½ gekjh iz'kalk djus okys ¼?k½ ekSt eLrh djus okys
(iii) vFkZ fyf[k, µ vuq j fDr] lgikBhA
¼d½ izse] lkFk i<+us okyk ¼x½ izse] ifjokjtu
¼[k½ fe=rk] lkFk jgus okyk ¼?k½ izse ls fjDr] lkFk i<+us okyk
(iv) ;q o koLFkk fe= dSl s gks u s pkfg,\
¼d½ n`<+ ¼[k½ 'kkar ¼x½ xaHkhj ¼?k½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(v) xn~ ; ka ' k dk 'kh"kZ d gks x kµ
¼d½ ;qokoLFkk ¼[k½ ckY;koLFkk ¼x½ fo'oluh; fe= ¼?k½ fe= % lPps iFk&izn'kZd
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9- Hkkjr dh iz/kku unhµxaxkA lqjlfj] nsounh] fo".kqinh] tkg~uoh] eankfduh ,oa HkkxhjFkh vusd ukeksa
dh xfjek dks Ìkj.k fd, gq, xaxks=h ls fudydj dbZ ehy pDdj yxkrh gqbZ /kjk ij vorfjr gksdj mls
'kL;&';keyk cukrh gSA _f"k'k] gfjn~okj lery eSnkuksa dks ¯lfpr djrh] ikourk iznku djrh gqbZ mRrj
ls iwoZ dks c<+rh pyh tkrh gSA xaxk dh yxHkx mUuhl lgk;d ufn;k° blh esa vkRelkr gks tkrh gSaA xaxk
MsYVk leqnzkar Nksj ij lqanjou fLFkr gS tgk° vusd ty&Fkypj izkf.k;ksa dks vkJ; nsdj var esa xaxk caxky
dh [kkM+h esa fpj foJke djrh gSA Hkkjr izkphu fuoklh dchyksa us xaxk vkl&ikl taxyksa dks lk¤ dj
lcls igys viuh cfLr;k° cukb±A rHkh ls lH;rk vkSj laL—fr dk mRFkku gqvk vkSj xaxk dh dy&dy /ofu;ksa
ls xw°trs xzke] uxj ,oa egkuxj clrs pys x,A bu xzkeksa&uxjksa dh yksd&laL—fr us Hkkjrh; tu&thou dks
fof'k"Vrk iznku dh gS rFkk ;gk° iuis vusd ioZ&R;ksgkjksa] esyksa&rek'kksa us Hkkjrh; thou&'kSyh dks fof'k"V
ykfyR; iznku fd;k gSA xaxk dh ikou&iquhr /kkjk esa Mqcdh yxkus dk cM+k gh egkRE; ekuk x;k gSA dq aHk]
egkdq aHk tSls cM+s esys rks ikou xaxk rV ij gh yxrs gSaA yk[kksa&djksM+ksa ;k=h] HkDr] v[kkM+s yach ;k=k,° dj
;gk° vkrs gSa vkSj ek° xaxk ikou ty dk Li'kZ dj vR;fÌd vkuan dk vuqHko djrs gSaA xaxk ,sfrgkfld unh
gSA Hkkjr lSdM+kas&gÊkkjksa o"kks± bfrgkl dh ;g lk{kh jgh gSA lH;rk m"kkdky ls ysdj Lora=rk&iwoZ rd
bl rVksa ij vusd jktoa'kksa dk mn; gqvk] vusd jkT; iuis vkSj /kwy esa fey x,A tSls vusd ufn;k° xaxk esa
lekfgr gks tkrh gSa oSls gh Hkkjrh; laL—fr us vU; laL—fr;ksa dh /kkjkvksa dks vius esa lekfgr dj fy;kA gekjh
lH;rk vkSj laL—fr mn~xe ls tqM+h gksus dkj.k Hkkjrokfl;ksa dh /kk£ed Hkkouk,° bl unh ls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA
êgkHkkjr* dFkk esa rks xaxk dks ekuoh :i esa fpf=r fd;k x;k gSA egkuxjhdj.k vkSj mlls mRiUu iznw"k.k vkfn
us xaxk dh ifo=rk dks Bsl igq°pkbZ gSA c<+rh vkcknh] dVrs ou] ufn;ksa dh mFkyh gksrh rygfV;k°] —f"k ,oa
?kjsyw mi;ksxksa fy, c<+rh ty dh ek°x ls laiw.kZ ns'k dh ufn;ksa ,oa vU; ty&lzksrksa ij izfrdw y izHkko iM+us
yxk gSA vkt vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd ge Lo;a tkx`r gksa] ufn;ksa esa eSyk u cgk,°] jklk;fud inkFkks± dks
mu ty esa u feyus nsa rFkk ml ty dks 'kqn~/k djus dh ;kstukvksa esa rsÊkh yk,°A
(i) xa x k dgk° ls fudyrh gS \
¼d½ gfjn~okj ¼[k½ lqanjou ¼x½ _f"k'k ¼?k½ xaxks=h
(ii) lq a n jou dgk° fLFkr gS \
¼d½ xaxk leqnzkar Nksj ij ¼x½ gfjn~okj vkl&ikl
¼[k½ _f"k'k igkM+ksa esa ¼?k½ xaxks=h vkl&ikl
(iii) xaxk fdldh lk{kh gS \
¼d½ izkphu lH;rk dh ¼x½ Hkkjr bfrgkl dh
¼[k½ egkHkkjr ;qn~/k dh ¼?k½ Hkkjr jktoa'kksa dh
(iv) xa x k dh ifo=rk dks Bs l fdlls igq ° p h gS \
¼d½ jktoa'kksa lekIr gksus ls ¼x½ dqa Hk&egkdqa Hk esyksa vk;kstu ls
¼[k½ dchyksa n~okjk cfLr;k° clkus ls ¼?k½ egkuxjhdj.k vkSj iznw"k.k ls
(v) ufn;ksa esa iznw"k.k dk c<+uk ls jksdk tk ldrk gS\
¼d½ ufn;ksa esa eSyk u cgk,° ¼x½ jklk;fud inkFkks± dks muesa u feyus nsa
¼[k½ 'kqn~f/kdj.k ;kstukvksa esa rsÊkh yk,° ¼?k½ mijksDr lHkh
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10- ,d ckj Lokeh foosdkuan dk ,d f'k"; mu ikl vk;k vkSj mlus dgk] ^Lokeh th] eSa vki dh rjg
Hkkjr dh laL—fr] n'kZu vkSj jhfr&fjokt dk izpkj&izlkj djus fy, vesfjdk tkuk pkgrk gw°A ;g esjh igyh
;k=k gSA vki eq>s fons'k tkus dh vuqefr vkSj viuk vk'khokZn nsa rkfd eSa vius edln esa l¤y gksÅ°A Lokeh
th us mls Åij ls uhps rd ns[k] f¤j dgk] ^lksp dj crkÅ°xkA* f'k"; gSjr esa iM+ x;kA mlus foosdkuan th ls
bl mRrj dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dh FkhA mlus f¤j dgk] ^Lokeh th] eSa vki dh rjg lknxh ls vius ns'k dh laL—
fr dk izpkj d:°xkA esjk Í;ku vkSj fdlh phÊk ij ugha tk,xkA* foosdkuan us f¤j dgk] ^lksp dj crkÅ°xkA*
f'k"; us le> fy;k fd Lokeh th mls fons'k ugha Hkstuk pkgrs blfy, ,slk dg jgs gSaA og mu ikl gh #d
x;kA nks fnuksa ckn Lokeh th us mls cqyk;k vkSj dgk] ^rqe vesfjdk tkuk pkgrs gks rks tkvksA esjk vk'khokZn
rqEgkjs lkFk gSA* f'k"; us lkspk fd Lokeh th us bruh NksVh lh ckr fy, nks fnu lkspus esa D;ksa yxk,A mlus
viuh ;g nqfoÌk Lokeh th dks crkbZA Lokeh th us dgk] êSa nks fnuksa esa ;g le>uk pkgrk Fkk fd rqEgkjs vanj
fdruh lgu'kfDr gSA dgha rqEgkjk vkRefo'okl Mxexk rks ugha jgk gSA ysfdu rqe nks fnuksa rd ;gk° jg dj
fufoZdkj Hkko ls esjs vkns'k dh izrh{kk djrs jgsA u ØksÌ fd;k] u tYnckÊkh dh vkSj u gh ÌS;Z [kks;kA ftlesa bruh
lgu'kfDr vkSj xq# izfr izes dk Hkko gksxk] og f'k"; dHkh HkVxk ughaA esjs vÌwjs dke dks ogh vkxs c<+k ldrk
gSA fdlh nwljs ns'k ukxfjdksa eu esa vius ns'k dh laL—fr dks vanj rd igqp° kus fy, Kku lkFk&lkFk ÌS;]Z
foosd vkSj la;e dh vko';drk gksrh gSA eSa blh ckr dh ijh{kk ys jgk FkkA* f'k"; Lokeh th dh bl vuks[kh ijh{kk
ls vfHkHkwr gks x;kA
(i) Lokeh th f'k"; dk vesfjdk tkus dk mn~ns'; Fkkµ
¼d½ vesfjdk dh laL—fr dk Kku izkIr djuk
¼[k½ Hkkjrh; laL—fr vkSj fganw ÌeZ dk izpkj djuk
¼x½ Hkkjrh; Ìeks± dk izpkj&izlkj djuk
¼?k½ Hkkjr dh laL—fr] n'kZu vkSj jhfr&fjokÊk dk izpkj djuk
(ii) foosdkuan th us f'k"; dks vesfjdk tkus dh vuqefr ugha nh D;ksafdµ
¼d½ f'k"; dks Hkkjrh; jhfr&fjokÊkksa dk Kku ugha Fkk
¼[k½ f'k"; ÌS;Z] foosd vkSj la;e dh ijh{kk ysuk pkgrs Fks
¼x½ f'k"; dks Kku nsuk pkgrs Fks
¼?k½ f'k"; ikl i;kZIr Ìu ugha Fkk
(iii) foosdkuan th mRrj u nsus ij f'k"; dh izfrfØ;k Fkhµ
¼d½ ØksÌ ls Hkj x;k ¼x½ Lokeh th ls fourh djus yxk
¼[k½ fufoZdkj Hkko ls izrh{kk djrk jgk ¼?k½ ÌS;Z [kksdj fopfyr gks x;k
(iv) f'k"; Lokeh th ikl D;ksa x;k Fkkµ
¼d½ vesfjdk tkus dh vuqefr ek°xus ¼x½ Lokeh th dh lsok djus
¼[k½ Kku&izkIr djus ¼?k½ Lokeh th dk vk'khokZn izkIr djus
(v) xn~;ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd gksxkµ
¼d½ LokfHkeku dh j{kk ¼x½ vuks[kh ijh{kk
¼[k½ ÌS;Z&ijh{kk ¼?k½ igyh ijh{kk
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. tgk° ,d vksj ou izk—frd larqyu cuk, j[kus esa egRRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa ogha ;s ekuo-thou dk
laj{k.k djus esa Hkh lgk;d gksrs gSaA o"kkZ le; ij gks] feV~Vh dk dVko ;kfu Hkw-{kj.k jksdk tk l] i;kZoj.k esa
iznw"k.k dh ek=k ?kVs] ck<+sa u vk,°] vdky u iM+sa] bu lHkh izk—frd foinkvksa ls cpkus esa Hkh ou egRRoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa] gekjh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djrs gSaA dkxÊk] ydM+h] xksan] vkS"kf/k;k° lHkh fy, ge ouksa
ij fuHkZj gSaA vkt euq"; us iz—fr bl gjs vk°py dks rkj-rkj dj Mkyk gSA Hkkjr esa oy vV~Bkjg izfr'kr
Hkwfe ij ou jg x, gSaA vuqlaÌkudrkZvksa dk dguk gS fd ;g fLFkfr oy Hkkjr esa gh ugha gS] laiw.kZ fo'o dks
fofHkUu izk—frd-izdksiksa dk Hkktu cuuk iM+sxkA ftl rhoz xfr ls ouksa dk lQk;k fd;k tk jgk gS] yxHkx mlh
xfr ls rFkkdfFkr ekuo-lH;rk fodkl dk naHk Hkjus okys ekuo-leqnk; dk ne ?kqVus yxk gSA ouksa u"V
gks tkus ls ekSle esa vfu;ferrk vk xbZ gSA ou-jkf'k Hkwfe dks catj gksus ls jksdrh gS ,oa iznw"k.k de djus esa
lgk;d gksrh gSA vr% ouksa fodkl fy, ljdkj us 1950 esa ou-egksRlo dk dk;ZØe vkjaHk fd;k] ¯drq
iszj.kk vHkko esa ;g ean iM+ x;kA ljdkj us ouksa dh dVkbZ ij izfrca/k yxk fn;k gS] ¯drq fgeky; {ks= esa ouksa
dh dVkbZ vHkh Hkh tkjh gSA iz—fr dk nksgu dj euq"; vkt vusd leL;kvksa ls f?kj x;k gSA bu lek/kku
fy, gesa cM+h ek=k esa ou yxkus gksaxs vkSj oukapyksa esa jgus okys yksxksa dks mudh ns[kjs[k djus fy,
izksRlkfgr djuk gksxkA bl fy, mUgsa fo'ks"k izf'k{k.k ,oa ikfjJfed nsdj gh ouksa dk fodkl fd;k tk lxkA
(i) ouksa dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk D;k gS\
¼d½ Qy&Qw y nsuk ¼x½ izk—frd larqyu cuk, j[kuk
¼[k½ gekjh vko';drkvksa dh iw£r djuk ¼?k½ gekjk fodkl djuk
(ii) ou ges a dkS u lh iz k —frd foinkvks a ls cpkrs gS a \
¼d½ le; ij o"kkZ u gksuk ¼x½ i;kZoj.k esa iznw"k.k c<+uk
¼[k½ vkdky] ck<+] Hkw&{kj.k ¼?k½ mi;qZDr lHkh
(iii) Hkkjr es a fdrus iz f r'kr Hkw f e ij ou gS a \
¼d½ ianzg izfr'kr ¼x½ chl izfr'kr
¼[k½ lksyg izfr'kr ¼?k½ vV~Bkjg izfr'kr
(iv) ou egks R lo dk vkja H k dc gq v k\
¼d½ lu~ 1950 ¼x½ lu~ 1947
¼[k½ lu~ 1850 ¼?k½ lu~ 1957
(v) iz k —frd es a mRiUu leL;kvks a lekiu fy, D;k djuk gksxk\
¼d½ vkil esa izse ls jguk gksxk ¼x½ ou dkVus gksaxs
¼[k½ ou yxkus gksaxs ¼?k½ tula[;k o`n~f/k dks jksduk gksxk
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12- thou rhu rjg dk gksrk gSA igyk ijksidkjh thou] nwljk lkekU; thou vkSj rhljk vidkjh thouA
bls mRRke] eÍ;e vkSj v/ke thou Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA mRRke thou mudk gksrk gS] ftUgsa nwljksa dk midkj
djus esa lq[k dk vuqHko gksrk gSA bls ;Kh; thou Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;gh nSoRoiw.kZ thou gSA bl thou dk
vk/kkj ;K gksrk gSA 'kkL= esa ;K mls dgk x;k gS ftlls izkf.kek= dk fgr gksrk gSA ;kuh ftu deks± ls lekt esa
lq[k] ,s'o;Z vkSj izxfr esa c<+ksRrjh gksrh gSA pkjksa osnksa esa dgk x;k gS fd lr~deks± ij gh /kjrh fVdh gqbZ gSA vr%
;fn i`Foh dks cpkuk gS rks Js"B deks± dh rjQ lekt dks yxkrkj izsfjr djus fy, dk;Z djuk pkfg,A
lkekU; thou og gksrk gS tks ijaijk eqrkfcd pyrk gS] dksbZ cgqr Å°ph lektksRFkku dh Hkkouk ugha gksrh gSA vidkjh
thou dks jk{klh thou dgk tkrk gSA bl rjg thou ls gh lekt esa lHkh rjg dh leL;k,° iSnk gksrh gSAa
;fn bl /kjrh dks leL;kvksa vkSj fgalk ls eqDr djkuk gS rks nsoRoiw.kZ thou dh rjQ fo'o vkSj lekt dks
pyuk iM+sxkA lRdeZ rHkh fd, tk ldrs gSa tc ge lksp&fopkj dj deZ djsaxsA ftruk ge izk.kh fgr fy,
ladfYir gksaxs] mruk gekjk ckSn~f/kd vkSj vkfRed mRFkku gksxkA gekjs vanj euq";rk Hkko yxkrkj c<+rs
tk,°xsA izse] n;k] d#.kk] vfgalk] lR; vkSj ln~Hkkouk dh izxfr yxkrkj c<+rh tk,xhA ;s lkjs ln~xq.k gh thou
;K dks lQy cukus fy, t:jh ekus tk,°xsA
(i) ;Kh; thou fdls dgk x;k gS \
¼d½ T;knk le; ;K djus esa chrs ¼x½ T;knk le; deZ djus esa chrs
¼[k½ T;knk le; midkj djus esa chrs ¼?k½ T;knk le; lekt dh izxfr esa chrs
(ii) iz k f.kek= dk fgr rHkh gks x k tc tcµ µ
¼d½ izR;sd vius deZ ij fo'ks"k Í;ku ns ¼x½ O;fDrxr fodkl djs
¼[k½ T;knk ls T;knk /kkfeZd dk;Z djs ¼?k½ ifjokj fy, lq[k lk/ku tqVk,
(iii) lkekU; O;fDr dS lk thou thrs gS a \
¼d½ T;knk le; /ku dekus esa yxs jgrs gSa ¼x½ lektksRFkku dh Hkkouk ugha gksrh
¼[k½ T;knk le; nwljksa ls bZ";kZ djrs gSa ¼?k½ T;knk le; LokFkZ&fln~f/k esa yxs jgrs gSa
(iv) /kjrh dks lHkh leL;kvks a ls eq D r djkus fy, ges aµ
¼d½ /kjrh dks ifjokj ekuuk gksxk ¼x½ vkradokn [kRe djuk gksxk
¼[k½ fgalk [kRe djuh gksxh ¼?k½ nSoRoiw.kZ thou thuk iM+sxk
(v) thou ;K dks lQy cukus fy, t:jh gSµ
¼d½ izse ¼[k½ n;k ¼x½ vfgalk ¼?k½ lHkh
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13- e/;e Js.kh dk lkgl izk;% 'kwjohjksa esa ik;k tkrk gSA og mu mPp fopkj vkSj fuHkhZdrk dks Hkyh&Hkk°fr
izdV djrk gSA bl izdkj lkgl okys euq";ksa esa csijokgh vkSj LokFkZghurk dh deh ugha gksrh] ijarq muesa Kku
dh deh vo'; ikbZ tkrh gSA vdcj ckn'kkg ikl nks jktiwr ukSdjh fy, vk,A vdcj us muls iwNk fd
rqe D;k dke dj ldrs gks\ os cksysµ ßtgk°iukg] dj fn[kyk,° ;k oy dgdj\Þ ckn'kkg us dj
fn[kykus dh vkKk nhA jktiwrksa us ?kksM+ksa ij lokj gksdj vius&vius cjNs l°Hkkys vkSj vdcj lkeus gh
,d&nwljs ij okj djus yxsA FkksM+h nsj ckn os ,d&nwljs ij csrjg VwV iM+sA ckn'kkg ns[krs&ns[krs nksuksa ?kksM+ksa
ls uhps vk fxjs vkSj ejdj BaMs gks x,A bl izdkj dk lkgl fu%lansg iz'kaluh; gS ijarq Kku dh vkHkk dh deh
dkj.k fuLrst&lk izrhr gksrk gSA
loksZPp Js.kh lkgl fy, gkFk&iSj dh cfy"Brk vko';d ugha( /ku bR;kfn dk gksuk Hkh vko';d
ughaA ftu xq.kksa dk gksuk vko';d gS] os gSa& ân; dh ifo=rk] mnkjrk vkSj pfj= dh n`<+rkA ,sls xq.kksa dh izsj.kk
ls mRiUu gqvk lkgl rc rd iw.kZr;k iz'kaluh; ugha dgk tk ldrk tc rd mlesa ,d vkSj xq.k lfEefyr u
gksA bl xq.k dk uke gSµ ^drZO;ijk;.krk*A
(i) xn~;ka'k ls Kku gksrk gS fd lkgl izdkj gksrs gSa %
¼d½ e/;e] loksZPp ¼x½ oy loksZPp
¼[k½ oy e/;e ¼?k½ fuEu] e/;e] loksZPp
(ii) nksuksa jktiwrksa esa deh Fkh %
¼d½ lkgl dh ¼x½ Kku dh
¼[k½ fuHkhZdrk dh ¼?k½ LokFkZghurk dh
(iii) nksuksa jktiwrksa dks dke vkrk Fkk %
¼d½ ,d nwljs dks ekjus dk ¼x½ ryokj pykus dk
¼[k½ xk°o ywVus dk ¼?k½ jkT; dh j{kk djus dk
(iv) loks Z P p Js . kh dk lkgl ek° x rk gS %
¼d½ /ku] 'kL=] fgEer ¼x½ ykijokgh] n`<+rk] ?kksM+k
¼[k½ ?kksM+s] ryokj] /ku ¼?k½ ifo=rk] mnkjrk] n`<+rk
(v) xn~;ka'k dk 'kh"kZd gksxk %
¼d½ lezkV vdcj ¼x½ lRlkgl
¼[k½ nks jktiwr ¼?k½ iz'kaluh; dk;Z
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14- ;g ml le; dh ckr gS tc yky cgknqj 'kkL=h ns'k iz/kkuea=h FksA ,d ckj og dgha tk jgs FksA
mudh xkM+h pus [ksr fudV ls gksdj xqtjhA [ksr esa ygygkrs gjs&gjs pus ns[kdj 'kkL=hth jksekafpr gks x,A
mudk eu rkts pus [kkus fy, ykykf;r gks mBkA mudh ;g bPNk tkudj mu lkFk py jgs dq N yksx rqjar
pus rksM+us fy, py iM+sA mUgsa tkrs ns[k 'kkL=hth cksys] ^vki yksx dgk° py fn,\* ;g lqudj os cksys] ^lj]
ge vki fy, pus ysus tk jgs gSaA* mudh ckr lqudj 'kkL=h th us iwNk] ^D;k vkius pus rksM+us fy, [ksr
ekfyd ls vkKk ys yh gS\* os cksys] ûgha lj] [ksr ekfyd ls geus vkKk ughas yh gS vkSj fQj Hkyk vki
fy, vkKk ysus dh D;k vko';drk\* ;g lqudj 'kkL=hth xqLls ls cksys] ûgha] fcuk ekfyd vkns'k dksbZ
Hkh esjs fy, pus rksM+dj ugha yk,xkA fcuk iwNs fdlh dh oLrq ysuk vijk/k gSA fcuk [ksr ekfyd dh vkKk
eSa pus ugha [kk ldrkA* 'kkL=hth ;g dgus ij ,d O;fDr [ksr ekfyd dks <w°<dj ml ikl igq°pkA
mlus [ksr ekfyd ls dgk] ^Hkb;k] ogk° xkM+h eas iz/kkuea=h th cSBs gq, gSaA og [kkus fy, dqN gjs pus ek°x
jgs gSaA ;fn vkidh vkKk gks] rks eSa FkksM+s ls pus mu fy, ys tkÅ°A* ;g lqudj fdlku gSjku gksrs gq, cksyk]
îz/kkuea=h th esjs [ksr pus ek°x jgs gSaA ;g rks esjs fy, cM+s lkSHkkX; dh ckr gSA* bruk dgdj ml fdlku us
pus dbZ ikS/ks m[kkM+s vkSj rqjar mu ikl igq°pdj Hkko&foHkksj gksrs gq, cksyk] ^vki tSls nsork n'kZu ikdj
vkt esjk thou lQy gks x;kA* 'kkL=hth fdlku dh bl ckr ij eqLdq jk,A fQj mlls pus ysdj mldh ihB
FkiFkikbZZA og fdlku Bxk&lk iz/kkuea=h dh lknxh vkSj uezrk ns[krk jg x;kA
(i) pus [ks r fudV ls xq t jrs gq , 'kkL=hth eu es a dkS u &lh bPNk tkx mBh\
¼d½ ygygkrs [ksr ns[krs jgus dh ¼x½ gjs&gjs rkÊks pus [kkus dh
¼[k½ fdlku ls fcuk iwNs ikS/ks m[kkM+us dh ¼?k½ 'kh?kzrk ls [ksr ikj djus dh
(ii) 'kkL=hth vuqlkj [ksr ekfyd ls vkKk ysuk D;ksa vko';d Fkk\
'kkL=hth
¼d½ [ksr ekfyd xqLls dh vk'kadk ls ¼x½ pus dh dher pqdkus fy,
¼[k½ iz/kkuea=h gksus ukrs drZO; cks/k ¼?k½ fdlh dh oLrq fcuk iwNs ysuk vijk/k gS
(iii) fdlku foLe; dk dkj.k Fkk %
¼d½ iz/kkuea=h dh pus [kkus dh bPNk ¼x½ fcuk iwNs [ksr esa iz/kkuea=h dk izos'k
¼[k½ pus rksMu+ s fy, fdlku dh vkKk ysuk ¼?k½ iz/kkuea=h n~okjk /kedh nsuk
(iv) pus rks M + u s dh vkKk ek° x us ij fdlku ij D;k iz H kko iM+ k \
¼d½ fofLer jg x;k ¼x½ vius thou dks lQy le>us yxk
¼[k½ 'kkL=hth dks nsork ekuus yxk ¼?k½ mijksDr lHkh
(v) xn~ ; ka ' k dk mi;q D r 'kh"kZ d gS %
¼d½ lknxh dk ikB ¼[k½ fdlku dh ihM+k
¼x½ vgadkj dk ifj.kke ¼?k½ [ksr dk ekfyd
mRr
mRrjj % (i) ¼x½ (ii) ¼?k½ (iii) ¼[k½ (iv) ¼?k½ (v) ¼d½
15- lalkj dh fofHkUu 'kklu&ç.kkfy;ksa esa yksdra= loZJs"B 'kklu&ç.kkyh :i esa ekU; gSA bl
ç.kkyh esa 'kklu dh ckxMksj fdlh O;fDr fo'ks"k ;k fdlh oxZ fo'ks"k gkFkksa esa lhfer ugha gksrh] cfYd
'kklu dh leLr 'kfDr dk lapkyu çtk dh lkewfgd 'kfDr djrh gSA vczkge fyadu 'kCnksa esa ;g ^turk
fy,] turk n~okjk lapkfyr ljdkj gSA* çfrfuf/k pquus esa turk dh lfØ;rk ,oa lrdZ rk tura= Hkfo";
dk fu/kkZj.k djrh gSA turk çfrfuf/k fo/kkf;dkvksa esa igq°pdj tufgr dk /;ku j[krs gq, 'kklu dk lapkyu
djrs gSaA vk/kqfud dky eas gh bl çdkj dk yksdra= çpfyr gqvk gSA blls iwoZ çk;% laiw.kZ fo'o esa jktraa= gh
FkkA oy LFkkuh; o dk;kZRed {ks=ksa esa gh ukxfjd lfØ; Hkkx ysrs FksA LFkkuh; 'kklu rks gksrk gh turk gkFkksa
esa FkkA anz esa Hkh jktflagklu ij rks vkuqoaf'kd jktk vk:<+ gksrk Fkk] fdarq 'kklu dk lapkyu tuHkkouk dk
lEeku djrs gq, tufgr eas gksrk FkkA dkykarj eas jktk o ckn'kkg vkfn Hkz"V gq,] fujadq'k gq,A mu ckn Hkkjr
esa fons'kh 'kkldksa dk vfÌuk;dokn jgkA bl Li"V vfÌuk;dokn fojksÌ esa yksdra= dk vH;qn; gqvkA
yksdra= esa ;g ekudj pyuk iM+rk gS fd yksder eas varfoZjks/k gks ldrs gSaA fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa o lewgksa ,sls
mn~ns'; gks ldrs gSa tks lkekU; fgr fo#n~/k gkasA foxr dq N o"kks± esa vkfFkZd lerk dks Hkh fo'ks"k egRRo fn;k
tkus yxk gSA ;g Hkh ek°x dh xbZ gS fd gesa oy jktuSfrd {ks= esa gh ugha] vkSn~;ksfxd {ks= esa Hkh Lo'kklu dk
vf/kdkj gksuk pkfg,A vc ^dY;k.kdkjh jkT;* dh Hkkouk cy idM+us yxh gS vkSj jktuSfrd yksdra= dk LFkku
vc lkekftd yksdra= ysus yxk gSA yksdra= nks çdkj dk gks ldrk gS&çR;{k yksdra= rFkk vçR;{k yksdra=A
çR;{k yksdra= çkphu ;qx esa ;wuku]jkse vkSj Hkkjr esa çpfyr FkkA ,slk 'kklu NksVs tuleqnk;ksa esa gh laHko gSA vr%
vk/kqfud ns'kksa esa bl çdkj dk 'kklu çk;% vO;kogkfjd gSA buesa ls çfrfuf/k laLFkk,° vc Hkh fLoV~tjyS.M esa çpfyr
gSAa bleas ^tuer x.kuk*] ^lkoZt Z fud miØe* rFkk ôkilh dh ek°x* çeq[k gSaA
(i) dkSu&lh 'kklu&iz.kkyh lalkj esa ekU; gS\
¼d½ jktra= ¼[k½ iztkra= ¼x½ yksdra= ¼?k½ ra=&ea=
(ii) ßyksdra= turk fy, turk n~okjk lapkfyr ljdkj gSAÞ fdlus dgk\
¼d½ vczkge fyadu ¼[k½ egkRek xka/kh ¼x½ tktZ cq'k ¼?k½ tokgj yky usg:
(iii) jktuSfrd yksdra= dk LFkku vc dkSu&lk yksdra= ysus yxk gS\
¼d½ lkekftd ¼[k½ vk£Fkd ¼x½ LFkkuh; ¼?k½ vU; dksbZ
(iv) fujadq 'k jktra= ckn Hkkjr esa fdldk 'kklu jgk jgk\ \
¼d½ eaf=;ksa dk ¼[k½ fonsf'k;ksa dk ¼x½ jkfu;ksa dk ¼?k½ turk dk
(v) yksdra= dks fdu nks izdkjksa esa ck°V ldrs gSa\
¼d½ vk£Fkd&lkekftd ¼x½ izR;{k&vizR;{k
¼[k½ vk£Fkd&jktuhfrd ¼?k½ jktuhfrd&lkekftd
mRr
mRrjj % ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15- lPpkbZ ;gh gS fd fujarj iz;Ru vkSj ifjJe ftudk ewy ea= gksrk gS mu fy, dq N Hkh vlaHko ugha
gksrk] ;fn ge thou esa viuk y{; izkIr djuk pkgrs gSa vkSj viuh eafÊky ikuk pkgrs gSa rks ladYi'khy gksuk
vko';d gSA lQyrk dh igyh lh<+h gS n`<+ ladYiA vkt dh ;qok ih<+h rFkk fon~;k£Fk;ksa esa blh ckr dk
vHkko gS] ifj.kkeLo:i os lnSo viuh foQyrkvksa dk jksuk jksrs jgrs gSaA ladYijfgr bPNkvksa esa dq N dj
xqÊkjus dk u rks mRlkg gksrk gS vkSj u lkglA n`<+ ladYi euq"; vkRefo'okl dks tkx`r djrk gS] vkus okyh
eqf'dyksa ls tw>us dh izsj.kk nsrk gS] fujk'kk va/kdkj ls eqDr dj mls vk'kkoknh cukrk gSA bfrgkl izfln~Ì
fdlh Hkh egku O;fDr thou dks vki ns[k ysa] mldh miyfC/k;ksa ihNs ml lkfRod vkSj 'kqHk ladYi gh
gSaA 'ksjik rsuflag] fgysjh ladYi us fgeky; dks ijkftr fd;k FkkA dksyEcl ladYi us vejhdk [kkst
fudkykA tSifyu cznlZ ladYi us ok;q;ku cuk Mkys Fks vkSj ,Mhlu ladYi us Vsyh¤ksu] Vsyhxzke rFkk
fon~;qr dk vuqlaÌku dj Mkyk FkkA ^tgk° pkg ogk° jkg* dh mfDr mu ij gh ykxw gksrh gS] tks gkFk ij gkFk /kjs
cSBs ugha jgrs] vfirq viuh 'kfDRk;ksa dk lnqi;ksx djrs gSaA fdarq /;ku jgs] oy ladYi Hkj dj ysus ls
lQyrk ugha feyrhA lQyrk fy, yxkrkj iz;Ruksa lkFk le; dk mi;ksx Hkh de egRRoiw.kZ ughaA tks
O;fDr dke dks ges'kk dy ij Vkyrk gS] mldk vf/kdka'k le; vkt] dy djus esa gh fudy tkrk gS rFkk og
dk;Z dk mfpr volj [kks nsrk gSSA lj okYVj jsys ls ,d O;fDr us iwNk fd vki bruk vf/kd dk;Z de le;
esa dS ls dj Mkyrs gSa\ mRrj feyk&eq>s tks dq N djuk gksrk gS] mls eSa mlh le; dj Mkyrk gw°A rks fQj nsj fdl
ckr dh\ vkt ls 'kq: dj nhft, vius y{; dks ikus iz;klA fQj nsf[k,] og fnu nwj ugha tc lQyrk
vki dne pwesxhA
(i) lQyrk dh igyh lh<+h D;k gS\
¼d½ Kku ¼[k½ ifjJe ¼x½ y{; ¼?k½ n`<+ ladYi
(ii) tSifyu cznlZ us dkSu&lk vkfo"dkj fd;k Fkk \
Fkk\
¼d½ ok;q;ku ¼[k½ Vsyh¤ksu ¼x½ fon~;qr ¼?k½ VsyhxzkQ
(iii) ^gkFk ij gkFk /kj dj cSBuk* eqgkojs dk lgh vFkZ pqfu,µ
¼d½ iNrkuk ¼[k½ pqipki jguk ¼x½ esgur u djuk ¼?k½ fuBYys cSBs jguk
(iv) egku O;fDr;ksa dh lQyrk dk jgL; D;k gS\
¼d½ n`<+ ladYi ¼[k½ vk'kkoknh n`f"Vdks.k ¼x½ le; dk lnqi;ksx ¼?k½ mijksDr lHkh
(v) n`<+ ladYi vHkko dk ;qok ih<+h ij D;k izHkko gksrk gS\
¼d½ viuk fu'p; cnyrs jgrs gSa ¼x½ foQyrkvksa dk jksuk jksrs jgrs gSa
¼[k½ y{; izkIr ugha dj ikrs ¼?k½ lnk nwljksa ij fuHkZj jgrs gSa
mRr
mRrjj % ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16- thou ;FkkFkZiw.kZ vuqHkoksa dh otg ls o`n~/ktuksa dk lekt esa fo'ks"k egRRo gSA cqÊkqxZ vius
?kj&ifjokj] iM+ksl&lekt eas vR;ar larqfyr ,oa e;kZnkiw.kZ thou th pq gSaA mudk LoHkko leqnz dh rjg /
khj&xaHkhj gks tkrk gSA Åij ls Hkys gh ygjsa mBrh jgsa] fdarq Hkhrjh ry ij ,dne fLFkj ,oa 'kkar jgrs gSa ftlls
/kS;ZiwoZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk vkadyu djus esa og l{ke gksrs gSaA ,d vkSj Hkh dkj.k gS fd cqÊkqxks± us cgqr f'kn~nr ls
fÊkanxh dks ft;k gS] la?k"kZ Hkh >syk gS] lQyrk dk eÊkk Hkh p[kk gS] daVhys jkLrksa ij Hkh pys rks Qw yksa Hkjh jkg
ij Hkh dne fFkjA thou dh vkik&/kkih ls nks&pkj gks pq gksrs gSa rFkk fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa mUgkasus dHkh
iyk;u ugha fd;k gksrkA vius nkf;Roksa dk HkyhHkkafr fuoZgu dj pq gksrs gSaA bl rjg ls os fÊkanxh dh
lPpkb;ksa ls :&c: gksdj vius vuqHko dk [kÊkkuk le`n~/k dj ysrs gSaA mu thou Hkj la?k"kZ dk] lQyrk
dk] lq[k&nq[k dk vuqHko bl voLFkk rd igq°prs&igq°prs fln~/k ,oa ifjek£tr gks pqdk gksrk gSA mudk
ifjek£tr vuqHko ,d izTTofyr nh;s dh rjg ls T;ksfreZ; gks tkrk gS ftlls ge viuh jkgas jks'ku dj ldrs
gSaA mu vuqHko dk nh;k rks ty gh jgk gS] geaas gh viuh vk°[ksa [kksyuh gksaxh] vxj vk°[ksa can j[ksaxs rks Bksdj [kkus
dk vans'kk jgsxkA mudh vogsyuk ,oa mis{kk fd, cxSj le;≤ ij muls lykg&e'kojk djrs jguk pkfg,A
viuh leL;kvksa ls mUgsa voxr djkdj mudh jk; ek°xus esa fgpfdpkgV ugha gksuh pkfg,A cqÊkqxZ vkidk
ekxZn'kZu dj izlUu gh gksxa As ;g dguk izklafxd gS fd fdlh Hkh fLFkfr&ifjfLFkfr ls fuiVus esa l{ke cqÊkqxZ vuqHkoh
,oa toku gksrs gSAa
(i) cq Ê kq x ks ± dk vuqHko fdl izdkj fln~/k ,oa ifjek£tr gks tkrk gS\
¼d½ la?k"kZ vuqHko ls ¼x½ nwljkas thou dks ns[kdj
¼[k½ vlQyrk vuqHko ls ¼?k½ nkf;Roksa dks u fuckg dj
(ii) ges a cq Ê kq x ks ± ls fdl iz d kj dk O;ogkj ugha djuk pkfg,\
¼d½ izse&I;kj dk ¼[k½ vogsyuk dk ¼x½ eÊkkd dk ¼?k½ vknj&lEeku dk
(iii) ^nks pkj gksuk* eqgkojs dk lgh vFkZ pqfu, u,µ µ
¼d½ nks vkSj nks tksM+uk ¼[k½ izrh{kk djuk ¼x½ lkeuk djuk ¼?k½ csbZekuh djuk
(iv) fdlls :c: gksdj cq Ê kq x Z vuqHkoh gksrs gSa\
¼d½ lq[kksa ls ¼[k½ nq[kksa ls ¼x½ dfBukb;ksa ls ¼?k½ 'k=qvksa ls
(v) cq Ê kq x Z vuqHkoh vkSj toku dS ls gS a\
¼d½ izR;sd ifjfLFkfr ls fucVus esa l{ke gksrs gSa ¼x½ nks vkSj nks pkj dj ldrs gSa
¼[k½ cPPkksa lkeus mudh rjg gh O;ogkj djrs gSa ¼?k½ viuh vk;q fdlh dks ugha crkrs
mRrjj % ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mRr
17- fon~;kFkhZ dk vuqHko lalkj vU; yksxksa vuqHko&txr ls fHkUu izdkj dk gksrk gSA pw°fd fon~;kFkhZ
dk eq[; dk;Z fon~;kÍ;;u gh gksrk gS( vr% mldk vuqHko Hkh fdlh lhek rd fon~;k ls gh lacaf/kr gksrk gSA
izkphudky esa xq#dq yksa esa f'k{kk izkIr djus okys Nk=ksa vuqHko&txr esa vkSj orZeku Nk=ksa vuqHko&txr
esa cM+k varj gSA izkphu dky esa xq#&f'k"; dk tks vkn'kZ lacaÌ Fkk og vc dgha fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA vc f'k{kd
f'k{kk csprk gS vkSj f'k"; f'k{kk [kjhnrk gSA vc muesa foØs rk vkSj z rk dk laca/k gSA vc f'k{kk&nku dksbZ
/kk£ed vuq"Bku ugh jg x;k gSA f'k{kk&nku ,d O;olk; cu x;k gSA fon~;ky; rFkk egkfon~;ky; esa izos'k
ysus ckn fon~;k£Fk;ksa dks fuR; u, vuqHko gksrs gaSA fon~;kFkhZ pkgs fdlh oxZ dk D;ksa u gks] mldk
vuqHko&txr ,d e/kqj LoIu dh Hkk°fr gksrk gSA fon~;kFkhZ thou esa og vusd izdkj e/kqj LoIu cqurk jgrk
gSA viuh dYiukvksa esa og dHkh vkbZ-,-,l- vf/kdkjh cu tkrk gS rks dHkh fpfdRld vFkok bathfu;jA ysfdu
tc bl LofIuy txr ls ckgj vkrk gS rks mls ;FkkFkZ dVq vuqHkoksa ls xqtjuk iM+rk gS tgk° mls feyrk gS ,d
y{;ghu HkVdkoA fQj ml thou esa vkjaHk gks tkrk gS f'kdk;rksa dk varghu flyflykA og dHkh f'k{kk&O;oLFkk
dks nks"k nsrk gS rks dHkh lekt vkSj ljdkj dksA vkt Nk=ksa dk vuqHko&txr vR;ar lhfer gSA og Lokeh
foosdkuan] Hkxr flag] panz'ks[kj vkÊkkn ;k lqHkk"kpanz cksl cuus dk LoIu ugha l°tksrkA mldk LoIu vfEkrkHk
cPpu] f'k;'k Dys] czwl yh vkfn cuuk gksrk gSA ml fparu eas u xgjkbZ gS vkSj u vuqHko esa izkS<+rkA og ftl
ifjos'k eas th jgk gS mlh vuqdw y ml vuqHko gSa vkSj oSlh gh mldh ekufldrk Hkh gSA izkphu ;qx esa dgk
tkrk Fkk fd ßfon~;k£Fku% dq rks lq[ka] lq[kk£Fku% dq rks fon~;kÞ ysfdu vkt ekunaM cny x, gSaA vc Nk= v/
;;u dh ek°x ugha djrs] lqfo/kkvksa dh ek°x djrs gSaA le; dh /kkjk fujarj izokgeku gSA og vkxs c<+rh tkrh gS]
eqM+dj ugha ns[krhA tks ihNs NwV x;k lks NwV x;kA fon~;kFkhZ thou Hkh ckj&ckj ugha vkrkA vr% fon~;k£Fk;ksa dks
pkfg, fd y{; ls u HkVaA vius fparu dks xaHkhj o vuqHko&txr dks foLrkj nsuk lh[ksaA
(i) vktdy f'k"; vkSj f'k{kd dk D;k laca/k gS\
¼d½ firk&iq= dk ¼[k½ xq#&f'k"; dk ¼x½ Øs rk&foØs rk dk ¼?k½ LoIu&okLrfodrk dk
(ii) dks b Z euq " ; e/kq j LoIu dc cq u rk gS \
¼d½ ckY;&voLFkk esa ¼[k½ Nk=&thou esa ¼x½ ;qokoLFkk esa ¼?k½ o`n~/kkoLFkk esa
(iii) LofIuy txr ls ckgj Nk= dks D;k feyrk gS\
¼d½ y{;ghu HkVdko ¼[k½ vU; LoIu ¼x½ csjkstxkjh ¼?k½ HkkSfrd lqfo/kk,°
(iv) vc Nk= fdl ph phsÊk
Ê k dh ek°x djrs gSa\
¼d½ v/;;u dh ek°x djrs gSa ¼x½ ukSdfj;ksa dh ek°x djrs gSa
¼[k½ lqfo/kkvksa dh ek°x djrs gSa ¼?k½ fdlh Hkh oLrq dh ugha
(v) xn~;ka'k n~okjk ys[kd fon~;k£Fk;ksa dks D;k lans'k nsuk pkgrk gS\
¼d½ f'k{kk dh vksj /;ku nsa ¼x½ y{; ls u HkVa
¼[k½ vuqHkoksa dks latksdj j[ksa ¼?k½ f'k{kdksa dks vknj nsa
mRr
mRrjj % ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18- ukjh esa O;fDrRo dks izkIr djus dh bPNk iq#"k izHkqRoiw.kZ lekt esa viuh fLFkfr cukus fy, rhoz
:i ls tkx`r gqbZ gSA ikfjokfjd thou esa ruko&dq aBk dk ,d dkj.k ifjokj esa vuojr iRuh] ek° vkSj cgu :i
esa ukjh dh tM+ fLFkfr gSA f'kf{kr L=h bl tM+Ro dks rksM+uk pkgrh gSA vis{kk—r ,dkdhiu vkSj ?kj mck nsus
okys ,d ls dk;Z L=h ekufld rukoksa vkSj Luk;q jksxksa dk dkj.k cuus yxs gSa ftlls u rks og ek° dk drZO;
fuHkk ikrh gS vkSj u iRuh dk nkf;Ro gh iwjk dj ik jgh gSA L=h fookg&laLFkk i{k esa gksrs gq, Hkh mls viuh
Lora= ekU;rkvksa vuqdw y pykus ,oa ifr lkFk fe=rk dk laca/k Lohdkj djokus fy, la?k"kZ'khy gSA og
iq#"k dks igys tSlh NwV nsus i{k esa ugha gSA tUe&tUekarj laca/kksa dh dYiuk vc ml ekul esa varn~o±n~o
dh fLFkfr iSnk ugha djrhA L=h us viuk O;fDrRo izkIr dj fy;k gSA og blh thou dh vof/k esa lEekutud
'krks± ?ksjs esa thuk pkgrh gSA ukjh bl ifjofrZr Lo:i vkSj pfj= dks iq#"k iqjkru laLdkjksa izHkko dkj.k
vHkh rd Lohdkj ugha dj ik,A
(i) Hkkjrh; lekt esa fdldk izHkqRo gS\
¼d½ L=h ¼[k½ iq#"k ¼x½ ekrk&firk ¼?k½ cqtqxZ
(ii) vkt ukjh fdlfy, la ? k"kZ ' khy gS \
¼d½ ca/kuksa dks rksM+us fy, ¼x½ viuh Lora= igpku fy,
¼[k½ iq#"k dks >qdkus fy, ¼?k½ laLdkj esa ca/kus fy,
(iii) dkSu&lh dYiuk ukjh fopkjksa esa varn~o±n~o mRiUu ugha djrh djrh\ \
¼d½ ,dkdhiu dh ¼[k½ iq#"k izHkqRo dh ¼x½ Lora= thou thus dh ¼?k½ oSokfgd lac/a kksa dh
(iv) L=h tM+Ro dh fLFkfr dks D;ksa rksM+uk pkgrh gS\
¼d½ drZO; fuHkkus fy, ¼x½ ekU;rkvksa dks viukus fy,
¼[k½ {kerk mfpr mi;ksx fy, ¼?k½ izHkqRo LFkkfir djus fy,
(v) xn~;ka'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd pqfu,µ
¼d½ iq#"k iz/kku lekt ¼[k½ ukjh dk cnyrk Lo:i ¼x½ Lora= ekU;rk,° ¼?k½ ukjh dk egRRo
m0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iz f rn'kZ iz ' ui= 2020&21
ikB~;Øe 2021&22 ij vk/kkfjr
le; % 3 ?kaVs iw.kk±d % 80
lkekU; funsZ'k % fuEu fyf[kr funsZ'kksa dks cgqr lko/kkuh ls if<+, vkSj mudk ikyu dhft,%
fuEufyf[kr
(i) bl iz'ui= esa nks [kaM gSaµ^v* vkSj ^c*A
(ii) [akM ^v* esa dq y 10 oLrqijd iz'u iwNs x, gSaA lHkh iz'uksa esa miiz'u fn, x, gSaA fn,
x, funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djrs gq, iz'uksa mRrj nhft,A
(iii) [kaM ^c* esa dq y 8 o.kZukRed iz'u iwNs x, gSaA iz'uksa esa vkarfjd fodYi fn, x, gSaA
fn, x, funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djrs gq, iz'uksa mRrj nhft,A
[kaM ^v* ¼oLrqijd iz'u½ ¹40 vadº
vifBr xn~;ka'k ¹10 vadº
1- uhps nks xn~;ka'k fn, x, gSaA fn, x, xn~;ka'k dks Í;kuiwoZd if<+, vkSj ml ij vk/kkfjr fdlh
,d xn~;ka'k iz'uksa mRrj nhft,µ ¹5º
vifBr xn~;ka'k&1
;fn vki bl xn~;ka'k dk p;u djrs gSa rks —i;k mRrj&iqfLrdk esa fy[ksa fd vki iz'u la[;k 1 esa
fn, x, xn~;ka'k& 1 ij vk/kkfjr iz'uksa mRrj fy[k jgs gSaA
orZeku ;qx daI;wVj ;qx gSA ;fn Hkkjro"kZ ij ut+j nkSM+kdj ns[ksa rks ge ik,°xs fd thou yxHkx lHkh {ks=ksa
esa daI;wVj dk izos'k gks x;k gSA cSad] jsyos&LVs'ku] gokbZ&vM~Ms] Mkd [kkus] cM+s&cM+s mn~;ksx&dkj[kkus
O;olk;] fglkc&fdrkc] #i;s fxuus rd dh e'khusa daI;wVjhd`r gks xbZ gSaA vc Hkh ;g daI;wVj dk izkjafHkd
iz;ksx gSA vkus okyk le; bl foLr`r QSyko dk lar ns jgk gSA iz'u mBrk gS fd D;k daI;wVj vkt dh
t+:jr gSS\ bldk mRrj gS & daI;wVj thou dh ewyHkwr vfuok;Z oLrq rks ugha gS] fdarq bl fcuk vkt dh
nqfu;k v/kwjh tku iM+rh gSA lkalkfjd xfrfof/k;ksa] ifjogu vkSj lapkj midj.kksa vkfn dk ,slk foLrkj gks
x;k gS fd mUgsa lqpk# :i ls pykuk vR;ar dfBu gksrk tk jgk gSA
igys euq"; thou&Hkj esa vxj lkS yksxksa laidZ esa vkrk Fkk rks vkt og nks gt+kj yksxksa laidZ esa vkrk
gSA igys fnu esa ik°p&nl yksxksa ls feyrk Fkk rks vkt ipkl&lkS yksxksa ls feyrk gSA igys og fnu esa dke
djrk Fkk rks vkt jkrsa Hkh O;Lr jgrh gSAa vkt O;fDr laidZ c<+ jgs gS]a O;kikj c<+ jgs gS]a xfrfof/k;k° c<+ jgh
gS]a vkdka{kk,° c<+ jgh gS]a lk/ku c<+ jgs gSAa bl vfu;af=r xfr dks lqO;oLFkk nsus dh leL;k vkt dh ize[q k
leL;k gSA dgrs gSa vko';drk vkfo"dkj dh tuuh gSA bl vko';drk us vius vuqlkj funku <w<° + fy;k gSA
daI;wVj ,d ,slh Lopkfyr iz.kkyh gS tks dSlh Hkh vO;oLFkk dks O;oLFkk esa cny ldrh gSA gM+cM+h esa gksus
okyh ekuoh; Hkwyksa fy, daI;wVj jke ck.k vkS"kf/k gSA fdØs V eSnku esa vaik;j dh fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk gks
;k yk[kksa&djksM+ksa dh yach&yach x.kuk,° daI;wVj iyd >idrs gh vkidh leL;k gy dj ldrk gSA igys
bu dkeksa dks djus okys deZpkjh gM+cM+kdj dke djrs Fks] ,d Hkwy ls ?kcjkdj vkSj vf/kd xM+cM+h djrs
FksA ifj.kkeLo:i dke de ruko vf/kd gksrk FkkA vc daI;wVj dh lgk;rk ls dkQh lqfo/kk gks xbZ gSA
fuEufyf[kr esa ls funsZ'kkuqlkj lokZf/kd mi;qDr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,%
1- orZeku ;qx daI;wVj dk ;qx D;ksa gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ daI;wVj fcuk thou dh dYiuk vlaHko lh gks x;h gSA
¼[k½ daI;wVj us iwjs fo'o yksxksa dks tksM+ fn;k gSA

¼x½ daI;wVj thou dh vfuok;Z ewyHkwr oLrq cu x;k gSA
¼?k½ daI;wVj ekuo lH;rk lHkh vaxksa dk vfHkUu vo;o cu pqdk gSA
2- xn~;ka'k vuqlkj daI;wVj egRo fo"k; esa dkSu&lk fodYi lgh gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ daI;wVj dke ruko dks lekIr djus dk mik; gSA
¼[k½ daI;wVj dbZ ekuoh; Hkwyksa dks fu.kkZ;d :i ls lq/kkj nsrk gSA
¼x½ daI;wVj vkus ls lkjh gM+cM+kgV nwj gks xbZ gSA
¼?k½ ekuo dh lkjh leL;kvksa dk gy daI;wVj ls laHko gSA
3- xn~;ka'k vuqlkj fdl vko';drk us daI;wVj esa viuk funku <w°<+ fy;k gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ vfu;af=r deZpkfj;ksa dks vuq'kkflr djus dhA
¼[k½ vfu;af=r xfr dks lqO;oLFkk nsus dhA
¼x½ vf/kd ls vf/kd yksxksa ls tqM+ tu&tkxj.k ykus dhA
¼?k½ vf/kd ls vf/kd dk;Z dHkh Hkh o dgha Hkh djus dhA
4- daI;wVj iz;ksx ls igys vf/kd ruko D;ksa gksrk Fkk\ ¹1º
¼d½ yach&yach x.kuk,° djuh iM+rh FkhaA ¼x½ fØdsV eSpksa esa xyr fu.kZ; dk [k+rjk jgrk FkkA
¼[k½ x+yfr;ksa Mj ls deZpkjh ?kcjk, jgrs FksA¼?k½ ekuoh; Hkwyksa dkj.k cM+h nq?kZVuk;sa gksrh FkhaA
5- daI;wVj fcuk vkt dh nqfu;k v/kwjh gS D;ksafd & ¹1º
¼d½ lkjh O;oLFkk] midj.k vkSj e'khusa daI;wVjhd`r gSaA
¼[k½ daI;wVj gh ekuo ,dhdj.k dk vk/kkj gSSA
¼x½ daI;wVj us lkjh izfØ;k;sa vklku cuk nh gSaA
¼?k½ daI;wVj n~okjk ekuo lH;rk vf/kd leFkZ gks x;h gSA
vFkok vifBr xn~;ka'k&2
;fn vki bl xn~;ka'k dk p;u djrs gSa rks dì;k mRrj&iqfLrdk esa fy[ksa fd vki iz'u la[;k 1 esa
fn, x, xn~;ka'k&2 ij vk/kkfjr iz'uksa mRrj fy[k jgs gSaA
ikBd vkerkSj ij :f<+oknh gksrs gSa] os lkekU;r% lkfgR; esa viuh LFkkfir e;kZnkvksa dh Lohd`fr ;k ,d
LoIu&txr esa iyk;u pkgrs gSaA lkfgR; ,d >Vds esa mUgsa vius vkl&ikl ml thou izfr lpsr
djrk gS] ftlls mUgksaus vk°[ksa ew°n j[kh FkhaA 'kqrqjeqx+Z vÝhdk jsfxLrkuksa esa ugha feyrs] os gj txg cgqrk;r
esa miyCÍk gSaA izkSn~;ksfxdh bl nkSj dk urhtk thou gj xks'ks esa ud+n Q+ly fy, c<+rk gqvk
ikxyiu gS] vkSj gekjs jktuhfrK] lRrk nyky] O;kikjh] ukSdj'kkg&lHkh yksxksa dks bl HkxnM+ esa ugha
igq°pus] tSlk nwljs djrs gSa oSlk djus] pwgknkSM+ esa 'kkfey gksus vkSj dq N&u&dq N gkfly dj ysus dks fd, tk
jgs gSaA ge Fkddj lk°l ysuk vkSj vius pkjksa vksj fugkjuk] gok isM+ esa ls xqt+jrs oD+r ifRr;ksa dh eugj
y;&xfr;ksa dks vkSj Qwyksa tknqbZ jaxksa dks] ljlksa Qwy pednkj ihysiu dks] f[kys eSnkuksa dh ?kuh
gjhfrek dks] eeZj Íofu lkSUn;Z] fgekPNkfnr f'k[kjksa dh HkO;rk] leqnz rV ij iNkM+ [kkdj fc[kjrh gqbZ
ygjksa ?kks"k dks ns[kuk&lquuk Hkwy x, gSaA
dq N yksx lksprs gSa fd if'pe dk vk/kqfudrkokn vkSj Hkkjr rFkk vf/kdka'k rhljh nqfu;k uo&vkSifuosf'kd
fparu lkFk viuh tM+ksa ls vyxko] O;fDroknh vtufc;r esa gekjk vfuok;Z cs&yxke /k°lko] vpsru
fcac] ckSn~f/kdrk ls fonzksg] ;g ?kks"k.kk fd fnekx+ viuh jLlh vafre fljs ij gS] ;FkkFkZokn dk foÍoal]
dke dk ,sfUnzd lq[k ek= jg tkuk vkSj ekuoh; Hkkoukvksa dk O;kolk;hdj.k rFkk fuEuLrjh;dj.k bl vaÍkh
izfrn'kZ iz'ui= 2020&21 81
?kkVh esa vk Q°lus dh otg gSA ysfdu os Hkwy tkrs gSa fd vkÍkqfudhdj.k bfrgkl dh ,d lPpkbZ gS] fd ubZ
leL;kvksa dks tUe nsus vkSj foKku dks vf/kd tfVy cukus ckotwn vkÍkqfudhdj.k] ,d rjg ls] ekuo
tkfr dh fu;fr gSA
esjk lq>ko gS fd foosdghu vk/kqfudrk ckotwn vk/kqfudrk dh fn'kk esa /kS;ZiwoZd lq;ksftr iz;kl gksus
pkfg,A ,d vkykspd fdlh ukyh esa Hkh >k°d ldrk gS] ij og ukyh&fujh{kd ugha gksrkA ys[kd dk dk;Z
nqfu;k dks cnyuk ugha] le>uk gSA lkfgR; Økafr ugha djrk] og euq";ksa dk fnekx cnyrk gS vkSj mUgsa Økafr
dh vko';drk izfr tkx:d cukrk gSA
1- xn~;ka'k esa ^'kqrqjeqx+Z* dh laKk fdls nh xbZ gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ ys[kd] tks lalkj dks le>uk pkgrk gSA
¼[k½ jktuhfrK] tks vius LokFkZ lk/kuk pkgrk gSA
¼x½ ikBd] tks liuksa dh nqfu;k esa jguk pkgrk gSA
¼?k½ ukSdj'kkg] tks nwljksa tSlk cuus dh gksM+ esa 'kkfey gSA
2- vk/kqfudrk dh fn'kk esa lq;ksftr iz;kl D;ksa gksus pkfg,°\ ¹1º
¼d½ blls thou lqxe gks tk,xk rFkk ekuo izd`fr dk vkuan ys ldsxkA
¼[k½ ubZ leL;kvksa dks tUe ysus igys gh jksdk tk ldsxkA
¼x½ vk/kqfud gksus dh izfØ;k lnk ls ekuo lH;rk dk vax jgh gSA
¼?k½ blls foKku ljy gks vf/kd ekuo dY;k.kh gks lxkA
3- û¦n ¤ly fy, c<+rk gqvk ikxyiu* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ yksx rqjar o vf/kd ls vf/kd ykHk dekuk pkgrs gSaA
¼[k½ yksx izd`fr dks le; ugha nsuk pkgrs gSaA
¼x½ yksx Fk gq, gSa ij foJke ugha djuk pkgrsA
¼?k½ yksx HkkSfrdrkoknh rFkk vehj yksxksa dh udy djuk pkgrs gSaA
4- ikBd lkfgR; ls vkerkSj ij D;k vis{kk j[krs gSa\ ¹1º
¼d½ lkfgR; dks gekjs eu dh ckr dguh pkfg,A
¼[k½ lkfgR; dks lalkj dks ;Fkkor le>uk pkfg,A
¼x½ lkfgR; ruko de djus okyk gksuk pkfg,A
¼?k½ lkfgR; dks thou dkS'kyksa o ewY;ksa dh f'k{kk nsuh pkfg,A
5- ys[kd vuqlkj lkfgR; D;k dk;Z djus fy, izsfjr djrk gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ yksxksa dks ;FkkFkZ ls voxr djk cnyko fy,A
¼[k½ yksxksa dks thou dh leL;kvksa dks Hkqyk vkxs c<+rs tkus fy,A
¼x½ yksxksa dks ;FkkFkZokn dk foÍoal djus fy,A
¼?k½ yksxksa dks Hkkoukvksa o ,sfUnzd lq[k ls Åij mB dk;Z djus fy,A
2- uhps nks xn~;ka'k fn, x, gSaA fn, x, xn~;ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+, vkSj ml ij vk/kkfjr fdlh
,d xn~;ka'k iz'uksa mRrj nhft,µ
vifBr xn~;ka'k&1
i'kq dks ck°/kdj j[kuk iM+rk gS] D;ksafd og fujadq'k gSA pkgs tgk°&rgk° pyk tkrk gS] b/kj&m/kj eq°g ekj nsrk
gSA D;k euq"; dks Hkh blh izdkj nwljksa dk ca/ku Lohdkj djuk pkfg,\ D;k blls mlesa euq";Ro jg
ik,xkA i'kq xys dh jLlh dks ,d gkFk esa idM+ dj vkSj nwljs gkFk esa ,d ydM+h ysdj tgk° pkgks gk°ddj
ys tkvksA ftu yksxksa dks blh izdkj gk°ds tkus dk LoHkko iM+ x;k gS] ftUgsa dksbZ Hkh ft/kj pkgs ys tk ldrk
gS] dke esa yxk ldrk gS] mUgsa Hkh i'kq gh dgk tk,xkA i'kq dks pkgs fdruk ekjks] pkgs fdruk mldk vieku
djks] ckn esa [kkus dks ns nks] og iw°N vkSj dku fgykus yxsxkA ,sls uj i'kq Hkh cgqr ls feysaxs tks dq pys tkus
vkSj viekfur gksus ij Hkh tjk&lh oLrq feyus ij pV larq"V vkSj izlUu gks tkrs gSaA dq Rrs dks fdruk gh
rkM+uk nsus ckn ml lkeus ,d VqdM+k Mky nks] og >V ls ekj&ihV dks Hkwy dj mls [kkus yxsxkA ;fn
ge Hkh ,sls gh gSa rks ge dkSu gS]a bls Li"V dgus dh vko';drk ughaA i'kqvksa esa Hkh dbZ i'kq ekj&ihV vkSj vieku
dks ugha lgrsA os dbZ fnu rd fujkgkj jgrs gS]a dbZ i'kqvksa us rks izk.k R;kx fn,] ,slk lquk tkrk gSA ij bl izdkj ds
i'kq euq";&dksfV gS]a muesa euq";Ro dk lekos'k gS] ;fn ,slk dgk tk, rks dksbZ vR;qfDr u gksxhA
1- dbZ i'kqvksa us izk.k R;kx fn, D;ksafd µ ¹1º
¼d½ mUgsa fonzksg djus dh vis{kk izk.k R;kxuk mfpr yxkA
¼[k½ mUgsa frjLd`r gks thou thuk mfpr ugha yxkA
¼x½ og ;g f'k{kk nsuk pkgrs Fks fd I;kj] ekjihV ls vf/kd dkjxj gSA
¼?k½ og ;g fn[kkuk pkgrs Fks fd yksxksa dks mudh vko';drk vf/kd gS u fd mUgsa yksxksa dhA
2- ca/ku Lohdkj djus ls euq"; ij D;k izHkko iM+saxs \ ¹1º
¼d½ euq"; lkekftd vkSj O;fDrxr :i ls de Lora= gks tk,xkA
¼[k½ euq";Ro esa O;fDrxr bPNk o fu.kZ; dk rRo lekIr gks tk,xkA
¼x½ euq"; c°/ks gq, i'kq leku gks tk,xkA
¼?k½ euq"; dh fujadq 'krk esa ifjorZu gks tk,xkA
3- euq";Ro dks ifjHkkf"kr djus gsrq dkSu&lk ewY; vf/kd egRRoiw.kZ gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ Lora=rkA ¼[k½ U;k;A ¼x½ 'kkafrA ¼?k½ izseA
4- xn~;ka'k vuqlkj dkSu&lh mn~?kks"k.kk dh tk ldrh gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ lHkh i'kqvksa esa euq";Ro gSA ¼x½ ekuo fy, ca/ku vko';d ugha gSA
¼[k½ lHkh euq";ksa esa i'kqRo gSA ¼?k½ eku&vieku dh Hkkouk oy ekuo gh le>rk gSA
5- xn~;ka'k esa uj vkSj i'kq dh rqyuk fdu ckrksa dks ysdj dh xbZ gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ fiVus dh {kerkA ¼x½ ca/ku Lohdkj djukA
¼[k½ iw°N&dku vkfn dk fgyukA ¼?k½ ydM+h n~okjk gk° tkukA
O;fDr&fpRr lc le; vkn'kks± n~okjk pkfyr ugha gksrkA ftrus cM+s iSekus ij euq"; dh mUufr fo/kku
cuk, x,] mruh gh ek=k esa yksHk] eksg tSls fodkj Hkh foLr`r gksrs x,] y{; dh ckr Hkwy x,] vkn'kks± dks
eT+kkd dk fo"k; cuk;k x;k vkSj la;e dks nfd;kuwlh eku fy;k x;kA ifj.kke tks gksuk Fkk] og gks jgk gSA
;g dq N FkksM+s&ls yksxksa c<+rs gq, yksHk dk urhtk gS] ijarq blls Hkkjro"kZ iqjkus vkn'kZ vkSj Hkh vf/kd
Li"V :i ls egku vkSj mi;ksxh fn[kkbZ nsus yxs gSaA
Hkkjro"kZ lnk dkuwu dks /keZ :i esa ns[krk vk jgk gSA vkt ,dk,d dkuwu vkSj /keZ esa varj dj fn;k x;k gSA
/keZ dks /kks[kk ugha fn;k tk ldrk] dkuwu dks fn;k tk ldrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd tks /keZHkh: gS]a os Hkh =qfV;ksa
ls ykHk mBkus esa ladksp ugha djrsA
bl ckr i;kZIr izek.k [kksts tk ldrs gSa fd lekt Åijh oxZ esa pkgs tks Hkh gksrk jgk gks] Hkhrj&ckgj
Hkkjro"kZ vc Hkh ;g vuqHko dj jgk gS fd /keZ dkuwu ls cM+h pht+ gSA vc Hkh lsok] bZekunkjh] lPpkbZ vkSj
vk/;kfRedrk ewY; cus gq, gSaA os nc vo'; x, gSa] ysfdu u"V ugha gq, gSaA vkt Hkh og euq"; ls izse
djrk gS] efgykvksa dk lEeku djrk gS] >wB vkSj pksjh dks xyr le>rk gS] nwljksa dks ihM+k igq°pkus dks iki
le>rk gSA
1- euq"; us vkn'kks± dks eT+kkd dk fo"k; fdl dkj.k cuk fy;k\ ¹1º
¼d½ dkuwuA ¼[k½ yksHkA ¼x½ mUufrA ¼?k½ /keZHkh#rkA
2- /keZ ,oa dkuwu lanHkZ esa Hkkjr fo"k; esa dkSu&lk dFku lcls vf/kd lgh gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ efgyvksa dk lEeku /keZ rks gS] ij dkuwu ugha gSA
¼[k½ /keZ vkSj dkuwu nksuksa dks /kks[kk fn;k tk ldrk gSA
¼x½ Hkys yksxksa fy;s dkuwu ugha pkfg;s vkSj cqjs bldh ijokg ugha djrs gSaA
¼?k½ Hkkjr dk fupyk oxZ dnkfpr vHkh Hkh dkuwu dks /keZ :i esa ns[krk gSA
3- Hkkjro"kZ esa lsok vkSj lPpkbZ ewY; ----------- js[kkafdr fy, fodYi Nk°fV, V,µµ ¹1º
¼d½ euq"; dh lekt ij fuHkZjrk esa deh gksus dkj.k buesa ßkl gqvk gSA
¼[k½ thou esa mUufr cM+s iSekus dkj.k dgha fNi ls x, gSaA
¼x½ U;k;ky;ksa esa dkuwu dh lR;kHkklh /kkjkvksa esa my> dj jg x, gSaA
¼?k½ ijekFkZ fy, thou dh ckth yxkus okys ;g fln~/k djrs gSa fd ;g O;fDr eu dks vHkh Hkh
fu;af=r dj jgs gSaA
4- Hkkjro"kZ dk cM+k oxZ ckgj&Hkhrj dnkfpr D;k vuqHko dj jgk gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ /keZ] dkuwu ls cM+h phT+k gSA ¼x½ la;e v'kDr vkSj vdeZ.; yksxksa fy;s gSA
¼[k½ dkuwu] /keZ ls cM+h phT+k gSA ¼?k½ vkn'kZ vkSj mlwyksa ls ;FkkFkZ thou vlaHko gSA
5- fuEufyf[kr esa ls lokZf/kd mi;qDr 'kh"kZd dk p;u dhft, dhft,µ µ ¹1º
¼d½ mUufr lUnHkZ esa thou ewY;ksa dh izklafxdrkA
¼[k½ ekuo fpRr vkd"kZ.k fuokj.k esa vkn'kks± dh HkwfedkA
¼x½ lekt dY;k.k gsrq /keZ vkSj dkuwu dk lgvfLrRoA
¼?k½ /kkfeZd o lkoZHkkSfed ewY;ksa dk ,dhdj.kA
O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ¹16 vadº
3- fuEufyf[kr rhu Hkkxksa esa ls fdUgha nks Hkkxksa mRrj nhft,µ
1- ^rrk°jk cgq r cy'kkyh Hkh FkkA* js[kkafdr esa inca/k gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ laKk inca/k ¼[k½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k ¼x½ loZuke inca/k ¼?k½ fØ;k inca/k
2- c°xys ihNs yxk isM+ fxj x;kA & okD; esa js[kkafdr inca/k gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ laKk inca/k ¼[k½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k ¼x½ fØ;k inca/k ¼?k½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k inca/k
3- eS a rsT+kh ls nkSM+rk gqvk ?kj igq°pkA& js[kkafdr esa dkSu&lk inca/k gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k ¼[k½ fo'ks"k.k ¼x½ laKk ¼?k½ fØ;k
4- fuEufyf[kr pkj Hkkxksa esa ls fdUgha rhu Hkkxksa mRrj nhf nhft,µt,µ
1- ^cPps vk, gSa vkSj [ksy jgs gSaA* & okD; jpuk dh n`f"V ls gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ feJ okD; ¼[k½ ljy okD; ¼x½ la;qDr okD; ¼?k½ lkekU; okD;
2- fuEufyf[kr esa feJ okD; gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ pksj dks ns[kdj flikgh mls idM+us nkSM+kA ¼x½ lsB tkurk gS fd ukSdj bZekunkj gSA
¼[k½ usrkth Hkk"k.k nsdj pys x,A ¼?k½ mlus [kkuk [kk;k vkSj lks x;kA
3- fuEufyf[kr esa la;qDr okD; gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ og ckT+kkj iqLrd [+kjhnus x;kA ¼x½ tc og ckT+kkj x;k rc iqLrd [kjhn yk;kA
¼[k½ og ckT+kkj ls iqLrd [+kjhn yk;kA ¼?k½ og ckT+kkj x;k vkSj iqLrd [+kjhn yk;kA
4- feJ okD; dks la;qDr okD; esa vFkok la;qDr dks ljy okD; esa cnyus dks dgrs gSaµ ¹1º
¼d½ okD;&fuekZ.k ¼[k½ okD;&:ikarj.k ¼x½ okD;&izfØ;k ¼?k½ okD;&la'ys"k.k
5- fuEufyf[kr ik°p Hkkxksa esa ls fdUgha pkj Hkkxksa mRrj nhft,µ
1- êgkohj* 'kCn esa dkSu&lk lekl gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ deZ/kkj; ¼[k½ n~foxq ¼x½ rRiq#"k ¼?k½ vO;;hHkko
2- ^ ouxeu* leLrin dk foxzg gksxk µ ¹1º
¼d½ ou dk xeu ¼[k½ ou ls xeu ¼x½ ou dks xeu ¼?k½ ou vkSj xeu
ihr gS tks vEcj* dk leLrin gSµ
3- îhr ¹1º
¼d½ firkacj ¼[k½ ihrEcj ¼x½ ihrkEcj ¼?k½ ihyk vacj
xq#nf{k.kk* 'kCn lgh lekl&foxzg dk p;u dhft, µ
4- ^xq ¹1º
¼d½ xq# ls nf{k.kk & rRiq#"k lekl ¼x½ xq# dh nf{k.kk & rRiq#"k lekl
¼[k½ xq# dk nf{k.kk & rRiq#"k lekl ¼?k½ xq# fy, nf{k.kk & rRiq#"k lekl
fnup;kZ* leLrin dk foxzg gksxk µ
5- ^fnup;kZ ¹1º
¼d½ fnu dh p;kZ ¼[k½ fnu esa vkjke ¼x½ fnu esa pyuk ¼?k½ fnu Hkj [kkuk
6- fuEufyf[kr pkjksa Hkkxksa mRrj nhft,µ
1- i<+kbZ esa esgur dj eSa ------gks ldrk gw°A eqgkojs ls fjDr LFkku dh iw£r dhft,µ ¹1º
¼d½ va/ksa esa dkuk jktk ¼x½ viuk gkFk txUukFk
¼[k½ ,d iaFk nks dkt ¼?k½ iSjksa ij [kM+k gksuk
2- foifRr esa mldh vDy -------- mi;qDr eqgkojs ls fjDr LFkku dh iw£r dhft,µ ¹1º
¼d½ [kks tkuk ¼x½ pdjk tkuk
¼[k½ Bud tkuk ¼?k½ vkxccwyk gks tkuk
3- lPps 'kwjohj ns'k dh j{kk esa izk.kksa dh-------- gSaA fjDr LFkku dh iw£r lVhd eqgkojs ls dhft,µ
dhft,µ¹1º
¼d½ ckth yxk nsrs gSaA ¼x½ rkdr yxk nsrs gSaA
¼[k½ tku yxk nsrs gSaA ¼?k½ vkgqfr yxk nsrs gSaA
4- xjhc ek°&cki viuk -------- dj cPpksa dks i<+krs gSa vkSj os fpark ugha djrsA ¹1º
fjDr LFkku dh iw£r lVhd eqgkojs ls dhft, µ
¼d½ xyk dkV ¼[k½ isV dkV ¼x½ [kwu cgk ¼?k½ eu yxk
7- fuEufyf[kr rhuksa Hkkxksa mRrj nhft,µ

1- dk;k :ih oL= cgkdjA ^dk;k&:ih oL=* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ miek vyadkj [k½ :id vyadkj ¼x½ vuqizkl vyadkj ¼?k½ 'ys"k vyadkj
2- foKku&;ku ij p<+h gqbZ] lH;rk Mwcus tkrh gSA ^foKku&;ku* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ vuqizkl vyadkj ¼[k½ miek vyadkj ¼x½ :id vyadkj ¼?k½ vU;ksfDr vyadkj
3- ^,d ?kjkSans tSlk vkf¥kj fdruk vkSj <gsxk ns'k esa* dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ mRizs{kk vyadkj ¼[k½ miek vyadkj ¼x½ vuqikz l vyadkj ¼?k½ ;ed vyadkj
ikB~;&iqLrd ¹14 vadº
8- fuEufyf[kr in~;ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa lokZf/kd mi;qDr fodY iksa dk p;u dhft,µ ¹4º
fodYiks
dj pys ge ff¤ ¤nk tkuks&ru lkfFk;ks
vc rqEgkjs gokys oru lkfFk;ks]
lk°l Fkerh xbZ] uCt+ terh xbZ
fQj Hkh c<+rs dne dks u #dus fn;k]
dV x, lj gekjs rks dq N xe ughsa
lj fgeky; dk geus u >qdus fn;k]
ejrs&ejrs jgk ck°diu lkfFk;ks
vc rqEgkjs gokys oru lkfFk;ks-----1
fÊkank jgus ekSle cgqr gSa exj
tku nsus dh #r jksÊk vkrh ugha]
gqLu vkSj b'd nksuksa dks #Lok djs
oks tokuh tks [kw° esa ugkrh ugha]
vkt /kjrh cuh gS nqYgu lkfFk;ks
vc rqEgkjs gokys oru lkfFk;ks------ 2
1- ^lj fgeky; dk geus u >qdus fn;k* & iafDr esa ^lj* fdldk izrhd gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ LokfHkeku ¼[k½ flj ¼x½ ?keaM ¼?k½ ijkØe
2- in~;ka'k esa ^ck°diu* 'kCn izrhd gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ oØrk ¼[k½ vn~Hkqr ¼x½ Nfo ¼?k½ csfelkyiu
3- /kjrh nqYgu cuus ls rkRi;Z gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ nqYgu dh Hkkafr 'kekZ jgh gSA ¼x½ cfynku ls xkSjokfUor gqbZ gSA
¼[k½ lSfudksa [kwu ls ugk xbZ gSA ¼?k½ nqYgu dh Hkkafr vius fiz;re dh vkl ns[k jgh gSA
4- ^lj ij d¤u ck°/kus* dk vFkZ gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ cfynku fy, rS;kj gksuk ¼x½ vius fy, tku dh ckth yxkuk
¼[k½ ejus dh dksf'k'k djuk ¼?k½ yksxksa dks fn[kkuk fd ge ejus ls ugha Mjrs
9- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa lokZf/kd mi;qDr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,µ ¹5º
gekjs thou dh j»rkj c<+ xbZ gSA ;gk° dksbZ pyrk ugha] cfYd nkSM+rk gSA dksbZ cksyrk ugha] cdrk gSA ge
tc vys iM+rs gSa] rc vius vki ls yxkrkj cM+cM+krs jgrs gSaA vesfjdk ls ge izfrLi/kkZ djus yxsA ,d
eghus esa iwjk gksus okyk dke ,d fnu esa iwjk djus dh dksf'k'k djus yxsA oSls Hkh fnekx dh j»rkj ges'kk
rsÊk jgrh gSA mls ^LihM* dk batu yxkus ij og gtkj xquk vf/kd j»rkj ls nkSM+us yxrk gSA fQj ,d {k.k
,slk vkrk gS tc fnekx dk ruko c<+ tkrk gS vkSj iwjk batu VwV tkrk gSA ;gh dkj.k gS ftlls ekufld jksx
;gk° c<+ x, gSaA
vdlj ge ;k rks xqÊkjs gq, fnuksa dh [kV~Vh&ehBh ;knksa esa my>s jgrs gSaA ge ;k rks Hkwrdky esa jgrs gSa ;k
Hkfo"; dky esaA vly esa nksuksa gh dky feF;k gSaA ,d pyk x;k gS] nwljk vk;k gh ugha gSA gekjs lkeus tks
orZeku {k.k gS] ogh lR; gSA mlh esa thuk pkfg,A pk; ihrs&ihrs ml fnu fnekx ls Hkwr vkSj Hkfo"; nksuksa
gh dky mM+ x, FksA oy orZeku {k.k lkeus Fkk vkSj og vuardky ftruk foLr`r FkkA
1- xn~;ka'k esa ekufld jksxksa c<+us dk dkj.k D;k crk;k x;k gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ vesfjdk ls izfrLi/kkZ djuk ¼x½ lkeF;Z ls vf/kd dk;Z djus dk ncko
¼[k½ rsÊk j»rkj ls nkSM+rs fnekx dk ruko ¼?k½ [kV~Vh&ehBh ;knksa esa my>s jguk
2- ^thou dh j»rkj c<+us* dk vFkZ gS µ ¹1º
¼d½ izfr;ksxh gksuk ¼x½ rhoz xfr ls dk;Z dk fu"iknu djuk
¼[k½ nwljksa dks gjkuk ¼?k½ tYnh cw<+k gksuk
3- ^nksuksa gh dky feF;k gSa* bldk rkRi;Z gS µ ¹1º
¼d½ le; lnk lR; ugha jgrk ¼x½ O;fDr dk fu;a=.k oy orZeku ij jgrk gS
¼[k½ nksuksa gh dky >wBs gSa ¼?k½ O;fDr dks [kV~Vh&ehBh ;knksa esa ugha jguk pkfg,
4- fnekx ij LihM dk batu D;ksa yxk;k tkrk gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ vesfjdk ls izfrLi/kkZ fy, ¼x½ fnekx dh LihM c<+kus fy,
¼[k½ nkSM+us dh xfr c<+kus fy, ¼?k½ fnekx dks rukoeqDr j[k vf/kd dk;Z djus fy,
5- vuardky foLr`r gksus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ ¹1º
¼d½ le; O;rhr ugha gks ikus dkj.k ¼x½ ys[kd oy orZeku ckjs esa gh lksp ik jgk Fkk
¼[k½ ys[kd cksj gksus dkj.k ¼?k½ D;ksafd vkdk'k dk nwljk uke vuar gSA
10- fuEufyf[kr xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj iz'uksa lokZf/kd mi;qDr fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,µ ¹5º
okehjks #nu Lojksa dks lqudj mldh ek° ogk° igq°ph vkSj nksuksa dks ns[kdj vkx ccwyk gks mBhA lkjs xk°ookyksa
dh mifLFkfr esa ;g n`'; mls viekutud yxkA bl chp xk°o dq N yksx Hkh ogk° igq°p x,A okehjks dh
ek° Øks/k esa m¤u mBhA mlus rrk°jk dks rjg&rjg ls viekfur fd;kA xk°o yksx Hkh rrk°jk fojks/k esa vkokÊksa
mBkus yxsA ;g rrk°jk fy, vlguh; FkkA okehjks vc Hkh jks, tk jgh FkhA rrk°jk Hkh xqLls ls Hkj mBkA mls
tgk° fookg dh fu"ks/k ijaijk ij {kksHk Fkk ogha viuh vlgk;rk ij [kh>A okehjks dk nq[k mls vkSj xgjk dj
jgk FkkA mls ekywe u Fkk fd D;k dne mBkuk pkfg,\ vuk;kl mldk gkFk ryokj dh ewB ij tk fVdkA
Øks/k esa mlus ryokj fudkyh vkSj dq N fopkj djrk jgkA Øks/k yxkrkj vfXu dh rjg c<+ jgk FkkA
1- xn~;ka'k esa Øks/k vkSj vfXu dh rqyuk D;ksa dh xbZ gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ Øks/k vkSj vfXu nksuksa gh cM+s xeZ gksrs gSaA ¼x½ rrk°jk dk LoHkko cgqr xqLls okyk FkkA
¼[k½ Øks/k vkSj vfXu nksuksa gh ij fu;a=.k dfBu gSA ¼?k½ okehjks dh ek° vkSj rrk°jk nksuksa gh xqLls esa FksA
2 - rrk° j k dks xq L lk D;ks a vk;k\ ¹1º
¼d½ okehjks dh ek° us rrk°jk ls >xM+k fd;kA ¼x½ okehjks vc fookg fy, rS;kj u FkhA
¼[k½ mls fookg dh fu"ks/k ijaijk ij {kksHk FkkA ¼?k½ okehjks us rrk°jk dh lgk;rk ugha dhA
3- okehjks dh ek° dks n`'; viekutud D;ksa yxk\ ¹1º
¼d½ ek° dks xk°o le{k vieku eglwl gqvkA ¼x½ ek° xk°o dh ijaijk ls ca/kh FkhA
¼[k½ ek° dks okehjks fy, rrk°jk ilan ugha FkkA ¼?k½ ek° okehjks ls cgqr I;kj djrh FkhA
4- ^rrk°jk&okehjks dFkk* lekt dh fdl leL;k dh vksj /;ku bafxr djkrh gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ tkfr&izFkk ¼x½ fookg ijaijkxr fu;e
¼[k½ csesy&fookg ¼?k½ cky&fookg
5- ^vkx ccwyk gks mBus* dk D;k vFkZ gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ vR;f/kd Øks/k vkuk ¼x½ cPpksa dh ¯prk djuk
¼[k½ vkx dh izpaM yiVksa dh rjg ygjkuk ¼?k½ cgqr ijs'kku gks mBuk
[kaM&^c* ¼o.kZukRed iz'u½ 14 + 26 = 40 va d
[ikB~;&iqLrd ,oa iwjd ikB~;&iqLrd] [14 va d]
11- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa dks i<+dj fdUgha nks iz'uksa mRrj yxHkx 25&30 'kCnksa esa nhft, nhft,µµ ¹22‰ 2¾4
¾4º
¼d½ ,dkadh ^dkjrwl* vuqlkj oÊkhj vyh ,d tk°ckt flikgh dSls Fkk\ ¹2º
¼[k½ dgkuh ^cM+s HkkbZ lkgc* vuqlkj thou dh le> dSls vkrh gS\ ¹2º
¼x½ dchj vuqlkj O;fDr vius LoHkko dks fueZy dSls j[k ldrk gS\ ¹2º
12- fuEufyf[kr iz'u dk mRrj yxHkx 60&70 'kCnksa esa nhft, & ¹11‰4¾4¾4º
êuq";rk* dfork vkSj ^vc dgk° nwljs nq[k ls nq[kh gksus okys* ikB dk dsna hz ; Hkko ,d gh gSA fln~Ík
dhft,A
13- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa esa ls fdUgha nks iz'uksa mRrj yxHkx 40&50 'kCnksa esa nhft,
nhft,µ µ ¹22‰ 3¾6
¾6º
¼d½ ^liuksa ls fnu* ikB ys[kd vkSj ^Vksih 'kqDyk* uked ik= dk cpiu ,d tSlk&lk gSA vki
cpiu ls budh dFkk dSlh feyrh&tqyrh gS\ ¹3º
¼[k½ jkenqykjh dh ekj ls Vksih ij D;k izHkko iM+k\ ^Vksih 'kqDyk* ikB vk/kkj ij Li"V djsaA ¹3º
¼x½ egar vkSj vius HkkbZ gfjgj dkdk dks ,d tSls D;ksa yxus yxrs gSa\ ^gfjgj dkdk* dgkuh vk/kkj
ij Li"V dhft,A ¹3º
ys [ ku [26 vad]
14- fn, x, lar&fcanqvksa vkÌkj ij yxHkx 80& 100 'kCnksa esa ,d vuqPNsn ffyf[k,µ
80&100 yf[k,µ ¹6º
1- tc ge pkj juksa ls fiNM+ jgs Fks
¼d½ f[kykfM+;ksa dh euksn'kk ¼[k½ n'kZdksa dh euksn'kk ¼x½ iz;kl vkSj ifj.kke
2- ns'k ij iM+rk fons'kh izHkko
¼d½ gekjk ns'k vkSj laL—fr ¼[k½ fons'kh izHkko ¼x½ ifj.kke vkSj lq>ko
3- fe=rk
¼d½ vko';drk ¼[k½ dkSu gks ldrk gS fe= ¼x½ ykHk
15- vkils vius cpr [kkrs dh psd&cqd [kks xbZ gSA bl laca/k esa cSad izca/kd dks mfpr dk;Zokgh djus
fy, i= fyf[k,A ¹5º
vFkok
uxj fuxe dks ,d i= fyf[k, ftlesa ukfy;ksa dh l¤kbZ ,oa dhVuk'kd nokvksa fNM+dko dk
lq>ko gksA
16- fon~;ky; ok£"kdksRlo lekjksg vk;kstu fy, vkidks la;kstd cuk;k x;k gSA fon~;ky;
dh vksj ls lHkh fon~;k£Fk;ksa fy, yxHkx 30&40 'kCnksa esa ,d lwpuk rS;kj dhft,A ¹5º
vFkok
fon~;ky; esa NqV~Vh mijkar QqVckWy [ksyuk lh[kus dh fo'ks"k d{kk,° vk;ksftr dh tk,°xhA bPNqd
fo
fon~n~ ; kk£Fk;ks
£Fk;ksa n~okjk viuk uke nsus gsrq lwpuk&iV~V fy, yxHkx 30&40 'kCnksa esa ,d lwpuk rS;kj
dhft,A
17- fon~;ky; ^vgax lewg* n~okjk izLrqr rktegy ukVd ckjs esa uke] ik=] fnu] le;] fVdV
vkfn dh lwpuk nsrs gq, yxHkx 25&50 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A ¹5º
vFkok
viuh nqdku dks fdjk, ij mBkus fy, yxHkx 25&50 'kCnksa esa ,d foKkiu rS;kj dhft,A
18- ^;fn eSa lekpkj&i= gksrk* & fo"k; ij yxHkx 100&120 'kCnksa esa ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A ¹5º
vFkok
^xaxk vkSj eSa* fo"k; ij yxHkx 100&120 'kCnksas esa ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A
[ [kaM&v oLrqijd iz'uksa mRrj ]
iz ' u 1- 1- ¼d½ vkSj ¼x½] 2- ¼[k½] 3 ¼[k½] 4- ¼[k½ 5- ¼d½
iz ' u 1- 1- ¼x½] 2- ¼x½] 3 ¼d½] 4- ¼[k½ 5- ¼d½
iz ' u 2- 1- ¼[k½] 2- ¼[k½] 3 ¼d½] 4- ¼x½ 5- ¼x½
iz ' u 2- 1- ¼x½] 2- ¼x½] 3 ¼[k½] 4- ¼d½ 5- ¼d½
iz ' u 3- 1- ¼x½] 2- ¼x½] 3 ¼x½] 4- ¼x½ 5- ¼?k½
iz ' u 4- 1- ¼x½] 2- ¼x½] 3 ¼x½] 4- ¼?k½ 5- ¼[k½
iz ' u 5- 1- ¼d½] 2- ¼x½] 3 ¼x½] 4- ¼?k½ 5- ¼d½
iz ' u 6- 1- ¼?k½] 2- ¼x½] 3 ¼d½] 4- ¼[k½
iz ' u 7- 1- ¼d½] 2- ¼x½] 3 ¼[k½]
iz ' u 8- 1- ¼d½] 2- ¼?k½] 3 ¼x½] 4- ¼d½
iz ' u 9- 1- ¼[k½] 2- ¼x½] 3 ¼x½] 4- ¼d½ 5- ¼x½
iz ' u 10- 1- ¼[k½] 2- ¼[k½] 3 ¼x½] 4- ¼x½ 5- ¼d½
[ [kaM&c o.kZukRed iz'u ]
iz'u la[;k 11 ls 13 ds fy, ns[ksa îzHkkr fganh iznhfidk*A

iz'u la[;k 14 ls 18 ds fy, ns[ksa îzHkkr O;kdj.k v;u*A
izHkkr vkn'kZ iz'ui= 2021&22

le; % 2 ?kaVs iw.kk±d % 52
lkekU; funsZ'k % fuEufyf[kr funsZ'kksa dks cgqr lko/kkuh ls if<+, vkSj mudk ikyu dhft,%
(i) bl iz'ui= esa nks [kaM gSaµ^v*] ^c*A
(ii) [akM ^v* esa dq y 7 oLrqijd iz'u O;kdj.k ij vk/kkfjr iz'u iwNs x, gSaA lHkh iz'uksa
esa miiz'u fn, x, gSaA fn, x, funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djrs gq, iz'uksa mRrj nhft,A
(iii) [kaM ^c* esa dq y 8 o.kZukRed iz'u gSaA bl iz'u i= esa oy 5 iz'u jpuk[kaM gSaA
fn, x, funsZ'kksa dk ikyu djrs gq, iz'uksa mRrj nhft,A
[kaM ^v* ¼oLrqijd iz'u½ ¹26 vadº
vifBr xn~;ka'k ¹10 vadº
1- uhps nks xn~;ka'k fn, x, gSaA fn, x, xn~;ka'k dks Í;kuiwoZd if<+, vkSj ml ij vk/kkfjr fdlh
,d xn~;ka'k iz'uksa mRrj nhft,µ ¹5º
vifBr xn~;ka'k&1
fn, x, xn~;ka'k& 1 ij vk/kkfjr iz'uksa mRrj fy[k jgs gSaA
lR;uxj dk jktk lR;izrkiflag vR;ar U;k;fiz; 'kkld FkkA ,d ckj mls irk pyk fd lkSE;nso uked ,d
_f"k vusd o"kks± ls yksgs dk ,d MaMk tehu esa xkM+dj riL;k dj jgs gSa vkSj mu ri izHkko ls MaMs esa dq N
vadqj Qw V dj Qw y&iRrs fudy jgs gSa vkSj tc og viuh riL;k eas iw.kZ lQyrk izkIr dj ysxa s rks mudk MaMk
Qw y&iRrksa ls Hkj tk,xkA lR;izrki us lkspk fd ;fn mu ri esa bruk cy gS fd yksgs MaMs esa vadq j Qw Vdj
Qw y&iRrs fudy ldrs gSa rks fQj eSa Hkh D;kas u ri dj viuk thou lkFkZd cukÅ°A ;g lkspdj og Hkh _f"k
lehi yksgs dk MaMk xkM+dj riL;k djus yxkA la;ksxo'k mlh jkr tksj dk rwQku vk;kA ewlyk/kkj ckfj'k
gksus yxhA jktk vkSj _f"k nksuksa gh ekSle dh ijokg u dj riL;k esa exu jgsA dq N nsj ckn ,d O;fDr cqjh
rjg Hkhaxk gqvk BaM ls dk°irk vk;kA mlus _f"k ls dgha Bgjus dh txg ckjs esa iwNk ij _f"k us vk°[k [kksydj
Hkh ugha ns[kkA fujk'k gksdj og jktk lR;izrki ikl igqp ° k vkSj fxj iM+kA jktk us mldh bruh cqjh gkyr
ns[kdj mls xksn esa mBk;kA mls utnhd gh ,d dq fV;k uÊkj vkbZA mlus ml O;fDr dks dq fV;k esa fyVk;k vkSj
ml lehi vkx tykdj xekZgV iSnk dhA xekZgV feyus ls O;fDr gks'k esa vk x;kA bl ckn jktk us mls
dq N tM+h&cwVh ihldj fiykbZA dq N gh nsj ckn og O;fDr fcYdq y Bhd gks x;kA lqcg gksus ij jktk tc mls
O;fDr lkFk dq fV;k ls ckgj vk;k rks ;g ns[kdj gSjku jg x;k fd tks yksgs dk MaMk mlus xkM+k Fkk og rkts
Qw y&iRrksa ls Hkjdj >qd x;k FkkA bl ckn jktk us _f"k MaMs dh vksj ns[kkA ogk° FkksMs+ cgqr fudys
Qw y&iRrs Hkh eqj>k x, FksA jktk le> x;k fd ekuo lsok ls cM+h riL;k dksbZ vkSj ugha gSA og vius jkT;
okil vkdj iztk dh leqfpr ns[kHkky djus yxkA
mi;qZDr xn~;ka'k vkÌkj ij iz'uksa lgh fodYiksa dks pqu dj fy[ksaµ
¼d½ jktk us riL;k djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kµ [1]
(i) _f"k ckjs esa tkudj (iii) thou dh lkFkZdrk gsrq
(ii) _f"k dh ri'kfDr ls izHkkfor gksdj (iv) mijksDr lHkh
¼[k½ _f"k ri izHkko lsµ [1]
(i) chekj O;fDr Bhd gks x, (iii) jktk Hkh riLoh cu x;k
(ii) yksgs dk MaMk Qw y&iRrksa ls Hkj x;k (iv) ewlyk/kkj o"kkZ gksus yxh
¼x½ jktk n~okjk xkM+k x;k yksgs dk MaMk Qw y&iRrksa ls Hkj x;k D;ksafdµ [1]
(i) jkrHkj rst o"kkZ gqbZ Fkh (iii) chekj O;fDr dh lsok dkj.k
(ii) chekj O;fDr dh mis{kk dkj.k (iv) iztk dh lsok dkj.k
¼?k½ dgkuh n~okjk f'k{kk izkIr gksrh gSµ [1]
(i) jktk dk U;k;fiz; gksuk vko';d gS (iv) riL;k le{k ekuo rqPN gS
(ii)ekuo lsok gh lcls cM+h riL;k gS
(iii) riL;k djrs gq, ekSle dh ijokg ugha djuh pkfg,
¼ ³ ½ xn~;ak'k dk loZFkk mi;qDr 'kh"kZd gSµ [1]
(i) yksgs dk MaMk (iii) BaM ls Hkhxk O;fDr
(ii) lcls cM+h riL;k (iv) jktk vkSj iztk[k½
;fn vki bl xn~;ka'k dk p;u djrs gSa rks dì;k mRrj&iqfLrdk esa fy[ksa fd vki iz'u la[;k 1 esa
ns'k izFke jk"Vªifr jktsanz izlkn lknxh vkSj bZekunkjh fy, 'kq: ls fo[;kr FksA Lora=rk vkanksyu
nkSjku xk°/khth us mUgas ehfM;k izHkkjh cuk;kA dkaxzsl dh xfrfof/k;ksa dh dkSu&lh [kcj izdkf'kr gksuh gS]
dkSu&lh ugha bldk fu.kZ; jktsanz ckcw dks djuk gksrk FkkA og v[kckj esa [kcjsa Hkh [kqn gh igq°pkrs FksA ,d
ckj og bykgkckn yhMj izsl x,A ml le; yhMj izsl laiknd lh-okbZ-fparkef.k FksA mudh jktsanz
ckcw ls xgjh nksLrh FkhA tc jktsanz ckcw iszl igq°ps rks xsV ij cSBs pijklh us dgk] ^bl le; vki muls ugha
fey ldrsA mu ikl dbZ usrk cSBs gq, gSaA vkidks barÊkkj djuk iM+sxkA* jktsanz ckcw us viuk dkMZ mls nsrs
gq, dgk] ^Bhd gS] ;g mUgas ns nksA tc og [kkyh gks tk,°xs rks eq>s cqyk ysaxsA* pijklh us dkMZ fparkef.k dh
esÊk ij j[k fn;kA ml le; BaM T;knk Fkh vkSj gYdh cw°nkck°nh Hkh gks jghA jktsanz ckcw Hkhx x, FksA dk;kZy;
ckgj dq N etnwj vaxhBh tykdj vkx rki jgs FksA jktsanz ckcw Hkh ogha cSB x,A dk¤h nsj ckn fparkef.k
dh uÊkj ml dkMZ ij iM+hA og uaxs ik°o nkSM+rs gq, ckgj vk, vkSj mUgksaus pijklh ls iwNk] ^;g dkMZ nsus
okys lTtu dgk° gSa\* pijklh us dgk] ôgk° cSBdj vkx rki jgs gSaA eSaus mUgsa jksd fy;k FkkA* fparkef.k dks
ns[kdj jktsanz ckcw Hkh vk x,A nksuksa xys feysA fparkef.k us dgk] ^vkt bldh xyrh ls vkidks cgqr
rdyh¤ gqbZA* fQj og pijklh dks Mk°Vrs gq, cksys] ^rqeus jktsanz ckcw dks jksdk D;ksa\* jktsanz ckcw dk uke
lqurs gh pijklh dk°ius yxk vkSj ekQh ek°xrs gq, cksyk] êSaus vkidks igpkuk ugha lkgcA eq>s ek¤ dj nsaA*
jktsanz ckcw cksys] ^rqeus dksbZ xyrh dh gh ugha rks ek¤h D;ksa ek°xrs gksA rqeus viuh M~;wVh bZekunkjh ls
fuHkkbZ gS vkSj vkxs Hkh blh rjg fuHkkrs jgukA
mi
mi;q;qZDr xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k, %
¼d½ jktsanz ckcw dh fdu nks fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k dgkuh esa fd;k x;k gS\ [1]
(i) lPpkbZ o bZekunkjh (iii) bZekunkjh o lknxh
(ii) lknxh o lPpkbZ (iv) lknxh o drZO;fu"Bk
¼[k½ ^yhMj izsl* pijklh us jktsanz ckcw dks vanj ugha tkus fn;k D;ksafd [1]
(i) laiknd iszl esa ugh Fkk (iii) feyus dk le; [kRe gks x;k Fkk
(ii) laiknd us euk fd;k Fkk (iv) laiknd ikl vU; yksx cSBs Fks
¼x½ pijklh n~okjk jksdus ij jktsanz ckcw ij D;k izHkko iM+k\ [1]
(i) os pqipki okil ykSV x, (iii) tcjnLrh izsl esa nkf[ky gks x,
(ii) pijklh dh drZO;fu"Bk ls izHkkfor gq, (iv) pijklh O;ogkj ls Øksf/kr gks x,
¼?k½ BaM esa Hkhx tkus ij jktsanz ckcw n~okjk eÊknwjksa lkFk vkx rkiuk crkrk gSµ [1]
(i) jktsanz ckcw dh d"V lfg".kqrk (iii) jktsanz ckcw dh lknxh
(ii) jktsanz ckcw dk Øks/k (iv) jktsanz ckcw dk cM+Iiu
¼ ³ ½ xn~;ka'k dk mi;qDr 'kh"kZd gSµ [1]
(i) bZekunkjh dk ikB (ii) lR; dh thr (iii) le; pØ (iv) nqfu;knkjh
2- uhps nks xn~;ka'k fn, x, gSaA fn, x, xn~;ka'k dks /;kuiwoZd if<+, vkSj ml ij vk/kkfjr fdlh
,d xn~;ka'k iz'uksa mRrj nhft,µ
vifBr xn~;ka'k&1
ge vDlj f'kdk;r fd;k djrs gSaµ le; vHkko dh] le; u feyus dhA i= dk mRrj u ns ldkµ
le;kHkko dkj.k] dljr ugha dj ldrk] le; u feyus dkj.k vkSj i<+&fy[k ugha ikrk] le; dh
deh dkj.kA fdarq ;fn ge lgh <ax ls vkRe&fo'ys"k.k djsa rks ge ik,°xs fd gekjh ;s f'kdk;rsa vDlj
xyr gksrh gSaA ge vius dks le> ugha ikrs vkSj rHkh ,slh f'kdk;rsa djrs gSaA ;g gekjk vkyL; gS] tks lnSo
le; vHkko dh nqgkbZ fn;k djrk gSA oLrqr% dksbZ Hkh ,slk O;fDr ugha] tks O;Lrrkvksa chp Hkh mu
dkeksa dks u dj l] ftls og djus ij mrk: gS] ftls djuk og vfuok;Z ekurk gSA fdlh us Bhd gh dgk
gS fd le; Ìu leku gSA vr% lko/kkuh vkSj lrdZrk ls ge vius Ìu dk fglkc rks j[ksa ij le;
fglkc esa FkksM+h T+;knk gh lkoÍkkuh cjrsaA dkj.k] Ìu rks vkrk&tkrk jgrk gS fdarq x;k le; fQj okil ugha
vkrkA le; dk ctV cukuk ftlus lh[k fy;k mlus thus dh dyk lh[k yh] lq[k vkSj le`n~fÌ HkaMkj
dh dq ath izkIr dj yhA
mi;qZDr xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj uhps fn, x, iz'uksa lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k,µ
(i) ge vDlj fdldh f'kdk;r fd;k djrs gSa \
¼d½ csjkÊkxkjh dh ¼[k½ vO;oLFkk dh ¼x½ yksxksa dh ¼?k½ le; vHkko dh
(ii) thus dh dyk lh[kus fy, lcls vko';d D;k gS \
¼d½ lR; cksyuk ¼[k½ esgur djuk ¼x½ iSlksa dk ctV cukuk ¼?k½ le; dk ctV cukuk
(iii) D;k djus ij le; vHkko dh f'kdk;r vDlj xyr gksrh gS\
¼d½ esgur djuk ¼[k½ fglkc&fdrkc ¼x½ vkRe&fo'ys"k.k ¼?k½ lko/kkuh vkSj lrdZ rk
(iv) le; fdl leku gS \
¼d½ dyk ¼[k½ /ku ¼x½ lQyrk ¼?k½ le`n~f/k
(v) mi;q Z D r xn~ ; ka ' k dk mfpr 'kh"kZ d crkb,µ
¼d½ vPNk le; ¼[k½ le; vkSj ekuo ¼x½ le; dk lnqi;ksx ¼?k½ le; vkSj Hkfo";
orZeku lekt esa uSfrd ewY;ksa dk fo?kVu pgq° vksj fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA foykl vkSj HkkSfrdrk en esa Hkzkar
yksx csrgk'kk ÌuksiktZu dh va/kh nkSM+ esa 'kkfey gks x, gSaA vkt dk ekuo LokFkZijrk esa bl rjg vkdaB Mwc
pqdk gS fd mls mfpr&vuqfpr] uhfr&vuhfr dk Hkku ugha gks jgk gSA O;fDr fo'ks"k dh futh LokFkZ iw`£r ls
lekt dk fdruk vfgr gks jgk gS bldk 'kk;n fdlh dks vkHkkl ugha gSA vkt vfHkHkkod Hkh /kuksiktZu
,oa HkkSfrdrk lk/ku tqVkus esa brus yhu gSa fd mu okRlY; dk lzksr gh mu ykMyksa fy, lw[k x;k
gSA mudh bl mnklhurk us eklwe fnyksa dks xgjs rd phj fn;k gSA vkt dk ckyd vius ,dkdhiu dh
HkjikbZ ;k rks ?kj esa nwjn'kZu fcy ls izlkfjr v'yhy Qw gM+ dk;ZØeksa ls djrk gS vFkok dq laxfr esa
iM+dj thou dk uk'k djrk gSA lekt bl Økafr dky esa Nk= fdu thou ewY;ksa dks lh[k ik,xk ;g
dguk furkar dfBu gSA
tc&tc lekt iFkHkz"V gqvk gS] rc&rc ;qx ltZd dh Hkwfedk dk fuokZg f'k{kdksa us c[kwch fd;k gSA vkt dh
n'kk esa Hkh thou ewY;ksa dh j{kk dk xq#rj nkf;Ro f'k{kd ij gh vk tkrk gSA orZeku fLFkfr esa thou ewY;ksa
laLFkkiu dk Hkkj f'k{kdksa Åij gS] D;ksfa d vkt dk ifjokj ckyd fy, ln~x.q kksa dh ikB'kkyk tSlh laLFkk
ugha jg x;k gS tgk° ls ckyd ,d larfq yr O;fDrRo dh f'k{kk ik lA f'k{kd fon~;ky; ifjlj esa Nk=
fy, vkn'kZ gksrk gSA
mi;qZDr xn~;ka'k dks i<+dj lgh fodYi dks pqudj fyf[k, %
¼d½ orZeku lekt esa D;k fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS\ [1]
(i) ewY;ksa dk fo?kVu (ii) uSfrd ewY; (iii) uSfrdrk (iv) ;s lHkh
¼[k½ yksx fdl nkSM+ esa 'kkfey gks x, gSa\ [1]
(i) /kuksiktZu (ii) foykflrk (iii) HkkSfrdrk (iv) ;s lHkh
¼x½ LokFkZiw£r ls D;k gks jgk gS\ [1]
(i) ewY;ksa dk mRFkku (iii) lekt dk fgr
(ii) lekt dk vfgr (iv) uhfr&vuhfr
¼?k½ laØkfUr dky D;k gksrk gS\ [1]
(i) dfBurk dk dky (ii) laØe.k dky (iii) e/;dky (iv) ifjorZu dk nkSj
¼³ ½ thou ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk dk Hkkj fdl ij vk x;k gS\ [1]
(i) ge ij (ii) lekt ij (iii) f'k{kdksa ij (iv) vfHkHkkodksa ij
O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k ¹16 vadº
3- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha nks fodYi pqudj fyf[k,&
(i) bZ'oj dk fn;k gqvk loZJs"B migkj ekuo tkfr ggSS A
js[kkafdr 'kCnksa esa incaÌ dk Hksn gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ fØ;k inca/k ¼[k½ loZuke inca/k ¼x½ laKk inca/k ¼?k½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k inca/k
(iii) ?kj esa yxs isM+ gjs&Hkjs gSaA js[kkafdr esa incaÌ dk Hksn gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k ¼[k½ laKk inca/k ¼x½ loZuke inca/k ¼?k½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k inca/k
(iv) cPps rsÊk nkSM+rs&nkSM+rs Fkd x, FksA js[kkafdr esa incaÌ dk Hksn gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ fo'ks"k.k inca/k ¼[k½ laKk inca/k ¼x½ fØ;k inca/k ¼?k½ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k inca/k
4- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha rhu fodYi pqudj fyf[k,&
(i) lqjs'k lqcg mBkA mlus pk; ihA bu okD;ksa ls cuk ljy okD; gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ lqjs'k us lqcg mBdj pk; ih ¼x½ lqjs'k lqcg mBk vkSj mlus pk; ih
¼[k½ tc lqjs'k lqcg mBk rc mlus pk; ih ¼?k½ lqjs'k us lqcg mBrs gh pk; ih
(ii) ifjJe dj djusus okys dks lQyrk feyrh gSA bldk feJ okD; gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ tks ifjJe djrk gS mls lQyrk feyrh gS ¼x½ lQyrk rHkh feysxh tc ifjJe djksxs
¼[k½ ifjJeh O;fDr lQy gksrk gS ¼?k½ ifjJe djksxs rks lQyrk feysxh
(iii) xkMZ gjh >aMh fn[kkrs gh Vªsu py iM+hA bldk la;qDr okD; gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ xkMZ us gjh >aMh fn[kkbZ vkSj Vªsu py iM+h ¼x½ tc xkMZ us gjh >aMh fn[kkbZ rc Vªsu py iM+h
¼[k½ xkMZ gjh >aMh fn[kkrs gh Vªsu py iM+h ¼?k½ xkMZ us gjh >aMh fn[kkbZ rks Vªsu py iM+h
(iv) Hkwdai vkus ls dbZ edku fxj x,A bldk la;qDr okD; gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ tc Hkwdai vk;k dbZ edku fxj x, ¼x½ dbZ edku fxj x, Hkwdai ls
¼[k½ Hkwdai vk;k vkSj dbZ edku fxj x, ¼?k½ Hkwdai vkrs gh dbZ edku fxj x,
5- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgha pkj fodYi pqudj fyf[k,&
(i) ^Hko:ih lkxj* dk leLrin gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ lalkj tSlk lkxj ¼[k½ Hkolkxj ¼x½ Hko gh lkxj ¼?k½ Hko:i lkxj
(ii) fuEufyf[kr es a ls fdles a deZ / kkj; lekl gS \ ¹1º
¼d½ jlksbZ?kj ¼[k½ vkthou ¼x½ ;K'kkyk ¼?k½ e`xu;u
(iii) ^dk;j gS tks iq#"k* dk leLrin gSµ ¹1º
¼d½ dk;j&iq#"k ¼[k½ deÊkksj iq#"k ¼x½ dkiq#"k ¼?k½ dk;j vkSj iq#"k
(iv) ^MkdxkM+ h * leLrin dk foxz g gS µ ¹1º
¼d½ Mkd vkSj xkM+h ¼[k½ Mkd dh xkM+h ¼x½ Mkd fy, xkM+h ¼?k½ xkM+h ij j[kk gqvk Mkd
(v) fdl leLr in esa rRiq#"k lekl gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ 'krkCnh ¼[k½ vukFk ¼x½ vUu&ty ¼?k½ vdkyihfM+r
6- fuEufyf[kr fod fodYi Yi pqudj fyf[k,&
(i) vuqHko u gksus ckotwn eksgu dks vPNh ukSdjh fey xbZ] bls dgrs gSa --- -----------
-------------A
--------------
mi;qDr eqgkojs ls fjDr LFkku dh iw£r dhft,µ ¹1º
¼d½ v°/ks gkFk cVsj yxuk ¼x½ NksVk eq°g cM+h ckr
¼[k½ vk°[ksa QksM+uk ¼?k½ gD&cD jg tkuk
(ii) vius ?kj okyksa dk O;ogkj ns[kdj gfjgj dkdk -- -----------
-------------A mi;qDr eqgkojs ls fjDr LFkku
-------------
dh iw£r dhft,µ ¹1º
¼d½ fctyh dh rjg QSyuk ¼x½ vkleku ls tehu ij fxjuk
¼[k½ dke reke djuk ¼?k½ QwVh vk°[k u lqgkuk
(iii) Nk=o`fRr dh ijh{kk esa izFke vkus ij fnus'k eu ij Nk, --- -------------
--------------------- x,
------------------ x,AA
mi;qDr eqgkojs ls fjDr LFkku dh iw£r dhft,µ ¹1º
¼d½ Qwys u lekuk ¼[k½ ?kh nh, tykuk ¼x½ fujk'kk ckny N°Vuk ¼?k½ gD&cD jg tkuk
(iv) lksgu dh cM+h&cM+h ckrsa lqudj ml lHkh nksLr --- --------------
--------------------------A mi;qDr eqgkojs
-----------------------
ls fjDr LFkku dh iw£r dhft,µ ¹1º
¼d½ NksVk eqg° cM+h ckr ¼[k½ th yypkuk ¼x½ pDdj [kk tkuk ¼?k½ [kwu tykuk
7- fuEufyf[kr rhuksa Hkkxksa mRrj nhft,µ
1- dkyh ?kVk dk ?keaM ?kVkA iafDr esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ miek vyadkj [k½ ;ed vyadkj ¼x½ vuqizkl vyadkj ¼?k½ 'ys"k vyadkj
2- ukFk ldy lq[k lkFk rqEgkjsA ^ldy lq[k lkFk* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ vuqizkl vyadkj ¼[k½ miek vyadkj ¼x½ :id vyadkj ¼?k½ vU;ksfDr vyadkj
3- ^fueZy rsjk uhj ve`r le mRre gS* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\ ¹1º
¼d½ mRizs{kk vyadkj ¼[k½ miek vyadkj ¼x½ vuqikz l vyadkj ¼?k½ ;ed vyadkj
[kaM ^c* ys[ku ¹26 vad º
8- fn, x, lar&fcanqvksa vkÌkj ij yxHkx 80 ls 100 'kCnksa esa ,d vuqPNsn fy[ksaµ ¹6º
¼d½ vkdk'k dh Å°pkb;ksa dks Nwrk ekuoµ
'kh"kZd dk vfHkizk; ekuo dk vnE; lkgl fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa fodkl fofHkUu miyfC/k;k°
¼[k½ feV~Vh gSa vusd :iµ
vke /kkj.kk fofHkUu mi;ksx f'k'kq fy, feV~Vh lSfud fy, feV~Vh vkÍ;kfRed n`f"Vdks.k
¼x½ lPps ekuo dk ;s y{k.k] laosnuk,° cuk,° mls foy{k.kµ
bZ'oj dh loZJs"B —fr ân; o cqn~f/k dk vn~Hkqr esy uSfrd xq.kksa dh egRrk i'kqvksa ls
fHkUurk ekuo thou dh lkFkZdrk ekuo dgykus dk vfÌdkj
9- fon~;ky; esa iqLrd izn'kZuh vk;kstu dk vkxzg djrs gq, Nk= la?k lfpo dh vksj ls iz/kkukpk;Z dks
i= fy[ksaA ¹5º
vFkok
{ks= esa c<+rs gq, vijk/kksa dh lwpuk nsrs gq, {ks= Fkkuk/;{k dks ii= = fyf[k,A
10- vki fon~;ky; dh Nk= lHkk lfpo gSa vkSj fon~;ky; esa nhokyh esyk vk;ksftr djokuk pkgrs
gSaA mlls lacafÍkr] ,d lwpuk 30 ls 40 'kCnksa fyf[k,A ¹5º
vFkok
êkuo thou eas foKku dh mi;ksfxrk* fo"k; ij ,d fp=dyk izfr;ksfxrk dk vk;kstu jk"Vªh;
dyk laxBu n~okjk fd;k tk jgk gSA vU; fon~;ky;kas lkFk&lkFk vki fon~;ky; dks Hkh bleas
Hkkx ysus dk fuea=.k feyk gSA fon~;ky; dyk izHkkjh dh vksj ls 30 ls 40 'kCnksa esa ,d lwpuk
fy[kdj dyk oxZ fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks bldh tkudkjh nhft,A ¹5º
11- fnYyh fganh vdkneh n~Okkjk vk;ksftr fd, tkus okys okf"kZd izfrHkk lEeku lekjksg dks izpkfjr
djus fy, fdlh izfrf"Br lekpkj&i= esa 25 ls 50 'kCnksa esa foKkiu nhft,A
vFkok
dksfpax laLFkku dks c<+kok nsus fy, fdlh izfrf"BRk lekpkj i= fy, ,d foKkiu 25 ls
50 'kCnksa esa rS;kj dhft,A ¹5º
12- êSa vkSj esjk eksckby* fo"k; ij yxHkx 100&120 'kCnksa esa ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A ¹5º
vFkok
vius vkl&iM+ksl dh fdlh ?kVuk vk/kkj ij yxHk yxHkxx 100&120 'kCnksas esa ,d y?kqdFkk fyf[k,A

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Anuprak-Khandh-10th-B-2021-22-Prabhat-Vyakran Ayan

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n~forh; Hkk"kk  :i esa fganh ¼dksM la[;k&085½

¼ikB~;Øe 2021&22½ d{kk nloha fganhµch

d{kk nloha] fganh ^c* ijh{kkvksa gsrq ikB~;Øe fofunsZ'ku 2021&22

II. fuEufyf[kr okD;ks a es a ls inca / k Nk° V dj fyf[k, %

2- og /kks[ksckÊk lcdks /kks[kk nsrk gSA ---------------------------------------------------------

VI. fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fØ;k inca/k Nk°Vdj fyf[k, %

2- fnu&jkr ifjJe djus okys l¤y gks tkrs gSaA --------------------------------------------

3- esjh cM+h cgu chekj gSA --------------------------------------------

4- rqEgkjh lkM+h cgqr laqnj gSA --------------------------------------------

5- tujy lkgc dk ckophZ vk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------

6- og yikrh dh leqnzh pV~Vku ij igq°p x;kA --------------------------------------------

7- xkM+h ikuh esa Mwcrh pyh xbZA --------------------------------------------

8- xaxk&;equk okyk ns'k Hkkjr gh gSA --------------------------------------------

9- og cgqr Êkksj ls cksyrk gSA --------------------------------------------

10- ikSus nks ?kaVs ckn iqfyl vkbZA --------------------------------------------

11- os LoHkko ls cM+s v/;;u'khy FksA --------------------------------------------

12- ty ls Hkjh jgus okyh unh lw[k xbZA --------------------------------------------

13- nqdkuksa ls Å°?krs gq, psgjs ckgj >k°A --------------------------------------------

14- yky ckyksa okyk ,d flikgh pyk vk jgk FkkA --------------------------------------------

15- ,d dq Rrk rhu Vk°xksa  cy jsxa rk pyk vk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------

16- ;g lqjthr ges'kk dksbZ&u&dksbZ 'kjkjr djrk jgrk gSA --------------------------------------------

17- ?kksalys esa jgus okyh fpfM+;k mM+ xbZA --------------------------------------------

18- jkr esa HkkSadus okyk dq Rrk ej x;kA --------------------------------------------

19- og nkSM+rs&nkSM+rs Fkd x;kA --------------------------------------------

20- nf{k.k ls mRrj rd Hkkjr ,d gSA --------------------------------------------

21- ges'kk 'kksj djus okyk og vkt 'kkar FkkA --------------------------------------------

22- esjs cukjl okys fe= us ;g iqLrd Hksth gSA --------------------------------------------

23- fon~;ky; ikdZ  ikl gSA --------------------------------------------

3- jksÊk ;ksxkH;kl djus okys rqe chekj dS ls gks x,\ --------------------------------------------

4- 'kjkc&flxjsV dk mi;ksx djus okys dh laxfr ls cpksA --------------------------------------------

5- tks vkSjr dy ?kj ij vkbZ Fkh og mldh cqvk FkhA --------------------------------------------

6- lHkh iz'uksa dk mRrj nsus okys pqu fy, x, gSaA --------------------------------------------

7- cPps us f[kykSuk rksM+ fn;k gSA --------------------------------------------

8- ml 'kgj  ikl gh vke dk cxhpk gSA --------------------------------------------

9- xaxk  fdukjs cSBuk vPNk yxrk gSA --------------------------------------------

11- og i<+rs&i<+rs lks x;kA --------------------------------------------

13- vki NksVs cPps us esjk 'kh'kk rksM+ fn;kA --------------------------------------------

14- og xkrk gqvk pyk tk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------

16- fgeky; ls dU;kdq ekjh rd fganh dk izpkj gSA --------------------------------------------

19- js[kk tYnh ?kj vk xbZ FkhA --------------------------------------------

20- nknkth jkek;.k i<+ jgs gSaA --------------------------------------------

21- usoys us lk°i dks ekj MkykA --------------------------------------------

22- dksbZ yM+dk cqyk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------

23- ges'kk g°lus okyh xhrk vkt 'kkar gSA --------------------------------------------

24- og cspkjh chekj fxj iM+hA --------------------------------------------

25- yksgs dh vyekjh esa lkeku j[k nksA --------------------------------------------

cksMZ dh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x, ikB~;iqLrd ij vk/kkfjr okD; %

11- yksx Vksfy;k° cukdj eSnku dh vksj py iM+sA -----------------

4- og lkbfdy ls Vdjk;kA og fxj x;kA ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- (i) xaxkty (ii) cs[kcj (iii) uhydaB (iv) nq[k&lq[k ----------------------------

3- (i) x`gizos'k (ii) egknso (iii) eq[kpanz (iv) uhyxxu ----------------------------

4- (i) Hkjiwj (ii) euekuk (iii) egkRek (iv) fiukdh ----------------------------

5- (i) izfrekl (ii) lsukuk;d (iii) lqykspuk (iv) pkjikbZ ----------------------------

xr ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x, eqgkojs ls lacaf/kr iz'u

19- og LoHkko ls bruk mxz gS fd ckr&ckr ij ryokj [khaprk gSA

3- iq= dks cpkus  fy, firk us jkr&fnu ,d dj fn;kA

8- xq# th  mins'k ls HkDr dh vk°[kas [kqy xb±A

9- esjh nyhy lqudj lHkh lHkklnksa dh cksyrh can gks xbZA

4- lc izkf.k;ksa  eRr eukse;wj vgk ukp jgkA

14- vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj dk mnkgj.k gS µ

II. fuEufyf[kr ia fDr;ks a es a vya d kj crkb, %

2- eqfnr eghifr eafnj vk,A ---------------------------------------------------------

3- gfjin dksey dey lsA ---------------------------------------------------------

n~forh; Hkk"kk :i esa fganh ¼dksM la[;k&085½

13- nqdkuksa ls Å°?krs gq, psgjs ckgj >k°A --------------------------------------------

15- ,d dq Rrk rhu Vk°xksa cy jsxa rk pyk vk jgk gSA --------------------------------------------

23- fon~;ky; ikdZ ikl gSA --------------------------------------------

8- ml 'kgj ikl gh vke dk cxhpk gSA --------------------------------------------

9- xaxk fdukjs cSBuk vPNk yxrk gSA --------------------------------------------

13- vki NksVs cPps us esjk 'kh'kk rksM+ fn;kA --------------------------------------------

3- iq= dks cpkus fy, firk us jkr&fnu ,d dj fn;kA

8- xq# th mins'k ls HkDr dh vk°[kas [kqy xb±A

4- lc izkf.k;ksa eRr eukse;wj vgk ukp jgkA

6- rsjh cjNh us cj Nhus gSa [kyu A ---------------------------------------------------------

18- f[kys gtkjksa pk°n rqEgkjs u;uksa vkdk'k esaA ---------------------------------------------------------

20- fueZy rsjk uhj ve`r le mRre gSA ---------------------------------------------------------

23- og vaxkjksa lk e/kq&jl ih] 'kj&fdj.kksa&lk >we jgkA ---------------------------------------------------------

¼2½ czkg~e.k vkSj dM+k

¼[k½ daI;wVj us iwjs fo'o yksxksa dks tksM+ fn;k gSA

7- fuEufyf[kr rhuksa Hkkxksa mRrj nhft,µ