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MUSSI
MUSSI
Submitted To Submitted By
Mrs. Supriya Ma’am Mohd. Mustafa Ansari
Certificate
It is to certify that Mohd. Mustafa Ansari of Class
XII ‘A’ of Maria Assumpta Convent Sr. Sec School
Kashipur. Roll no. 24 has prepared the project on
the topic Check the ions present in a
toothpaste under guidance and supervision of
Mrs. Supriya.
Date:
Acknowledgment
I Mohd. Mustafa Ansari student of Class XII ‘A’ , Roll
no. 24 ,selected this project titled To check the ions
present in a toothpaste as a part of chemistry
studies . I whole heartedly thank to my chemistry
teacher Mrs. Supriya (p.g.t. Chemistry) for their
incomparable effects, support and cooperation
towards me in the completion of this project . They
have also been the vital source of encouragement for
me throughout this project.
Objective
The goal of the project is to determine the quality of the
toothpaste by detecting the ions present in the toothpaste by
qualitative analysis.
Introduction
There's a wide variety of toothpastes and related products
available today in the market for oral hygiene. However, for a
common man, differentiation on the basis of quality is really
difficult with all the fancy advertisements and offers. A
toothpaste contains a mildly abrasive substance such as
calcium carbonate and a detergent or soap, some sweetening
agent other than sugar and flavoring oils to make it pleasant to
taste and smell. Some toothpastes contain fluorides which
make the enamel surface of the tooth more resistant to
bacterial activity and act against microorganisms as a metabolic
poison. Generally, any standard toothpaste contains calcium
carbonate, sodium monofluoro phosphate, sodium lauryl
sulphate, zinc sulphate, alum, some flavoring oils are also
added. This project basically deals with the detection of various
ions in toothpaste that determine its quality, and thus, a
comparison between the prominent toothpaste brands.
Requirements
Toothpaste: Colgate, close-up.
Chemicals: Hydrochloric acid, dilute sulphuric acid,
concentrated sulphuric acid, barium chloride, ammonium
chloride, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, acetic
acid, nitric acid, silver nitrate, calcium chloride, potassium
ferrocyanide, H2s gas.
Theory :-
Every toothpaste contains the following
ingredients:Binders,abrasives,humectants, flavours, sweeteners,
fluorides, tooth whiteners, a preservative and water. Binders
thicken toothpaste- they prevent separation of the solid and
liquid component, especially storage. They also effect the speed
and volume of foam production, rate of flavour release and
product dispersal, the appearance of toothpaste ribbon on the
toothbrush. Some binders are gum solid alignat methyl cellulose,
carrageen and magnesium aluminium silicate.
Identification of anions and
Cations present in the toothpaste:
• HClO4
• HBr
• HI
• H2SO4
• HClO3
• HCl
• HNO3
Ingredients-
In addition to 20%-42% water, toothpastes are
derived from a variety of components, the three
main ones being abrasives, fluoride, and
detergents.
Abrasives:-
Abrasives constite at least 50% of typical
toothpaste. These insoluble particles help remove
plaque from the teeth. The removal of plaque and
calculus helps minimize cavities and peridontal
disease. Represent abrasives include particles of
aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)], calcium
carbonate(CaCo), various calcium hydrogen
phosphates, various silicas and zeolites, and
hydroxyapatite [Ca(po); OH].
Abrasives, like the dental polishing agents used
in dentists' offices, also cause a small of enamel
erosion which is termed “polishing” Action,
some brands contain powdered while mica,
which acts as a mild abrasive, and also addsa
cosmetically plesing glittery shimmer to the
paste. The polishing of teeth removes
stains from tooth surfaces, but has not been
shown to improve dental health over and above
the effects of the removal of plaque.
Fluorides :-
Fluoride in various forms is the most popular
active ingredients in toothpaste to prevent
cavities. Fluorides occur in small amount in
plants, animals and some natural water sources.
The additional fluorides in toothpaste has
beneficial effects on the formation of dental
enamel and bones. Sodium fluoride (NaF) is the
most common source of fluoride, but stannous
fluoride (SnF), olaflurs (an organic salt of
fluoride), and sodium monoflurophosphate (Na.
Po3 F) are also used. Stannous fluroide has been
shown to be more effective than sodium
fluroide in reducing the incidence of dental
careiesand controlling gingivitis. Much of the
toothpaste sold in the united states has 1000 to
1100 parts per millon fluroide. In european
countries, such as the uk or greece, the fluoride
content is often higher; a naf of 0.312% w/w
(1,450 ppm fluoride) is not uncommon.
Surfacants:-
Antibacterial agents:-
Triclosan, an antibacterial agent, is a common
toothpaste ingredient in the united kingdom.
Triclosan or zinc chloride prevent gingivitis and,
according to the american dental association,
helps reduce tartar and bad breadth. A 2006
review of clinical research concluded there was
evidence for plaque and gignivitis.
Flavorants:-
Remineralizer-
Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and calcium
phosphate are included in some forulations for
remineralization, i.e. The reformation of enamel.
Agents are added to suppress the tendency of
toothpaste to dry into a powder. Included are
various sugar alcohols, such as glycerol, sorbitol,
or xylitol, or related derivatives,such as 1,2-
propylene glycol and polyethyleneglycol
strontium chloride or potassium nitrate is
included in some toothpastes to reduces
sensitivity. Sodium polyphosphate is added to
minimize the formation of tartar.
Colouroof the toothpaste:-
White
Chemical reaction-
Co+MgSO→MgCo3+So42 (white ppt)
Co3+2Ch3COOH→ (CH3COO)2Ca+H₂o
(CHCOO)2Ca +(MgCl4)2c2o4+2CHCOONa+Ca2o2
NaHPO4+MgCl2+NH4OH→Mg(NH4)PO4+2Na
Cl+H2o
• I+AgNO3→NO3 + Agl (yellow ppt).
(COOH)2+2CH3COONa→ no reaction
Pb+2KI→ no reaction
MgCl2+ NH4OH(NH3HPO44 Mg(NH4)PO4+ 2NH4
+h₂o
Test on colgate colour of paste
White :-
Chemical reaction
CO3+2CH3COOH→ (CH3COO)2Ca+H₂O
(CH3COO)2 Ca+(NH4)2C2O4→ 2CHCOONH+CaCO
NaHPO4+MgCl+NH4OH→ Mg(NH4)PO4+2NaCl+
H2O
I+AgNO3→NO3 + AgL (YELLOW PPT).
(COOH)2+2CH3COONa→ NO REACTION
Pb+2KI→ NO REACTION
MgCl2+ NH4OH(NH3)2HPO4 Mg(NH4)PO4+ 2NH4
+H₂O
Test on close up.
Colour of the paste:- red gel
Chemical reactions
Conclusion-
Hence after testing different samples of toothpaste, we
find that colgate has all necessary for stronger and whiter
teeth.
Anions:- Cations:-
OH- H-
So42- Ca2+
Co32- Cu2+
Cl- Fe3+
Br- Fe2+
I- Nh4-