Innocent Bystanders
Implications of an EU-India Free
Trade Agreement for Excluded
Countries
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Preface
"hs pulton cones ot of eqs othe Commons Saari none.
nie he Commend Fund ret Cooperation. The tro relent he
une wero rt ane the gts etl irl rae del
‘noth deepiog cones partir rth Aan, Cena and Pae (ACP)
‘doth nr ineae derlepng coun that a obi peo
“he mace ther eet eee
‘The spectator wee a lw ist we were kl 1 fv the
‘ng erate on eional ding ramet tie psions ee ed
‘lsat teow Berl tg Eada PA ini ond cote
trade and conc plses at lye tee pater ed ens th, 0
‘death metorin wich rd ows ec the Bandini seit expan
fd aero th pean of sy PTA dea There el wi
Tenet so tasted nhl coi tl the mt rd ae det
vethinPr The tas ero ampare ACP cone ra 04 te ih
‘hetDaor tet Ind soar asthenia ACP cote
competent asa ly adept Seth sien counter sihes
napa na, Nepal Set ankn an Palisa ht he ih Ware ee
srangnents (Indo Lan, IndoNepa ad tan eral TRS) oF
‘nal estrada wh nda (the Sth Asan Fe Trade re tll be
‘ouniresnabd bore) anl ove at asa ef etl denpestons
lear rdaty advancing cones uh eB ia nd eer East
‘Ata ety ining count,
Pt I ovis le essen! af snr ingens ar owas dels
Pt dest tbe rennin pet tks, sd cof acento
‘Aan cou) 0 mitt any Il aces conseqnes a an H-n eeral
FTA ad oars tht the litera tec ert op he oe os
ter wt the lng of te deter otha pete man ot
marx! by the E-tnde TA
he am the prc hier hs ath Cnte rthsAnaa of Hen
Inpatient Sus, athe Unters of Sie, cons of Michel Gas
Ine apes Gee Pte tes, Manian Mc er, Roe, en Aah be aber sone ad ot esc th of he
Uncrate Sse anther ope wih ear meat othe
16ee208
Teather ext sonra,
tal tense neater singe tohone en an
moa Bw apse ha sry the Hatin ea
RGR FT port thst aoe tie oi he bse
Seiten nr dal marca tna acter ee
Uaneistlsitcucatthe Asn, Cate and Pate sneneee eg et
te Meakin dene ets eee
‘= pnd de tm tn pte emer mccoy,
‘egnateonchin cart th eto nA en td outs as
sto oles npc oncetatetcc eure um he point of eof thes cori: hoe the et ss he
‘Sey inan ihc sear ows eo conser he wo together the
eeleoutar wll The teu sone thse depicts a aft be
aan eeetued unused expr Tle ay bee alia than » dine 1
rae ctcescbcsaetbngeseainglsson vey nt exe arth so
(biplane wich my deacon very ees nihopradue as
th ath on the at.
hed nano the aretha beac out oxat
‘Rhee dette tos ds instar otto nde unas
‘Stance tte gre ore concent a comic whch ue wl B ee
‘Sings neil dine Indian tania the BU and whee, hin thos mar
tua wo ertes tate ped cance face expr occ oe nd bce
i Serncng cade cote exports Fel as, with ht ttf ats
‘Thott an nab ge aber each a ware poe
Tgvtaret Epon plane remover aro enimportsot Xa
Int, we tgpaese tat he (eco ecules exporting X wil fel «tore
Toe cpt enc wi bore kalo eet psn ode
thy pratt ha mare acs,
estos
4 sissy compastin eee stratus thar exp
‘River nd cacadl count? expats thom og he the sone
{heeft fang i te Eee resent related
f heSAARC coun roy long wy test uel ge pao
{Dura caporerto the ae moreso nasa hey armored
(Sen tenn re than ee ter eau, Ang the, Bande the
‘Teno nche ane aly 58 pe et os weve exports arenes
(othe Be predator wich Ina wl anv erential ws) ime
‘udstan and Stank Hojene thet theta etl nl rue
le tbe compee ed as ti FTA~avrge onl 310 ec
isa wl pray be ed
tn the (an st the mest exo re H's oo andl iho
tan an Nepel teat fhe varies export pods carpe det wit
the Bs aig ines tg, Hore te eer huge bee da
taper tn tent win he FTA of sou 20perert, otecange0
tre pater couldbe autre
the BRICS(exatog a of cous) weil gece xperoce tae erson
Jat thane eorentton nthe ark eal in maruituig Sie
{hea erence adn eal a the Biot a prodomiait at
{extort howeee te ells wilt manage Ine indian mck ey
‘nr conse somptie pests nthe prod ccs fr he EL bot
“why mt wih od ot ren sigenerin agen
A count mil may sl foes nde reoento s n e e
neste i hp tr ay sl iro sme a
Smet bec et tf ty ce OS arte Clon
ts esse ey eno st hf eat te ate ga wh he
esi bar cl tr sh ates Wi ay
ther tds oly cose rs fr which Ida ey
‘esse tft and slaw eso chang nn os
‘tert aodbecne epoca tara athena
{bth head tnd the mao fe ta ett cbc by ace
‘earenaton or deron arn te manus shou nthe the
estat ef rons hy toe laren elas bec ot
ames . bother
bel het eta dl exalt
1 ttc snr Sede ee nee tsb
this «a Rn an kes
Utne ote rsdn ander ees AnFTA tt
servi ise of nh eer a aati har hain
Satna ear nin se ra
ese ad ete et on ae quire wea so canes een te
‘atta we nda pts Wed mere ey umf wo
‘isan i andra mig tte ta cs
Senin ie tn conarl one fect ery te We fe
Deny dhe yt Bvt nn erste eet
‘tater pst pn reps tt i rc ener a che We
{otto tht reales avi cat nn 1h ado ca
at hog ew exo counter ea te chore bey ey a
tomentor ty sts ave gps re
iat eto oe te ld
he finlpr of hook ls rity wt poly reps by indexed
cis tay te teal Wh ay asin hat i Ph
“ei nena tit
‘othe etna 7A wh plete woul ee ns hens bene poten
serail an, hey shod knot fon te pre on he
Ih pic rt pc mai pt
‘col wih eprint. a
ego they ol 0 concer tmnt ss or eg eng
lon tbr bar ers nd andor gman lp wre
‘onl rare ey gh ain nent wie ln eh howe er leat sl poor xh eunican do at
[nd PA acting: hey hol ao hin ten rene
“Thisporera are lon. On hoe and thy may coe hy sly
{he FEA pn’ he thalesnepining seu dap and ean FTA ih
the pres wl pene cha wp tht rene he darn thy ae lp
ert ro ls porns Tis wired to mk concent ad wil
‘espns icy ntalanon lint dordns the worden andre
(nthe ter han hay nye dat netting FTA ert tented tct
‘em th alltel yam td asthe dag ht ee el arse ft il be
‘psd any tines ner rag pm gree Ot hy a et
‘apps the poss of ceating FTAs erate oa oon wa ramen we
Ielontrae enone srt wee prs er oer ei
‘eand arasysenic se which col eventny vermin betta rae
‘Sn which wecurrrty ad oat gant, OF course nang Sic aps
on they would nl show al soso coneency and Bm the exe
eich they psu FAS toms. hy cance ht is sh ae a prs,
‘Fouringrech sth Coemonment ny bce pera lpn eft
woukl eet conse wh inte eaten the ques of he ca
‘lace ran ard pone enti FAs tnd elapse Homer
‘seaboard abi id
‘ote pity cman ehh conus rofesio redo he son hor
ugh dbcsin t eprpoed to aather xcsn,
Note
Contents
Uf als and ges “
foetus mency 1
iat Bak 3
hptrt Teetct frend te rangement (PTA) on xed
Teepe slo PTA 0
Mayas B
etre 5
hase’? e'TedeAneonets What can we eect nH Agree
Att iy 1"
hla 20
Setar as
‘Tepes arenes lent dp neon as
Rete 28
(tr3 Thefts of pte Bnd the Ban nda 0
rrtaton x»
Stilo integrin x0
Dp inteeson u opt?
agers
Gayer2
Gopers
aera
agers
‘eral ais mdeing eke 3s
"lad Connon ad the Nar Go ©
“Tadedveson nd rade e-necton: Agept aolas 46
Tre drsion and rade te-nain: Strl ana 8
List of tables and figures
Tables
Table, Wyn whieh Replay cis oud dh wh aaa REA
Toe. Inder port alt ete an pats eB
Tae 4. Vu and prantage esto he rpc ion
totaly afd by BU pected he Ini FTA,
‘tel sed by EU preferences oa rls
Ina'share ofthe BU spares els 025% prt 3003,
tetodanporences tothe BU fr eng niche EU sae of Tab. Ind ttt Sr pie tal sree ttn, 2004
‘le 1.13. Aran tion nd cout ‘flan, 2008
"etn of eens 2008) pera)
Tee 15. adn este mart yee sare at
Tae 2008)
‘ele 16. thin pay expats to the Br clad (200
Tae 7. ace thon meh by marketshare and el
"aw (2008)
Tae IL. alee eunrie apc tno cla share
‘ddan tris 2008)
“De 1.20The Compete Pressurade fr exe cotter
Tale LL. Smarts onthe ritiance of wv
“De 2. Compton nds exports 19978, 2006/7
“le 3. Compmstion of BU erie expr 196, 2008,
Tale ILA. BUSRCA Inder n Servs i he OECD)
“Tle LS nd RCA Inde Serio he QD na
Figues
gurl Tp 15 svc exporters and poten 2003
List of abbreviations
a ea at
oe (expel Geral ule
cas ‘anptereate Servo
eprtnent frerotiel Delos
De tational negation
Di Ostor negrtion
Beryhing Bat Arms
an Sotern Aen”
‘Bras Krnin nde
re Trade Agreeext
(Geral Agree op Trae a Sx
‘loa Sysco Trade Preferences
(lta Tae Ania je
Hamstead ten Iolo Proper Rs
Let Dood Contes
Nor Amara re ade Azone
(hr Boer Save
‘nnn er zone Coping
Palle et Unraing
eel Coarse antag
ere the wha
Rena ede Agreaent
Sash aan Ameen Regier Comeaton
‘Stu sen roe rae eet
‘alan Median Eerpeses
‘ec Barreto Tae
‘eee egaaoy Auer of nde
TRAINS Trade Anasand infrmaten Sytem
‘nur ‘earner Rigs
usa Ute Str of Area
0 Unheral Sars Obitone
ro (Wor ade Ogedon
a South Aton
Notes
(Gen apr nts oma Mone Kes Ne Se ac Sine
44 SSL bend Como te BO Kee, als Mout, Mace,
in tah tana Mesa Sel Seana
Introduction and summary
nOsiaher 2006 aarp Unio ean gh Lv Tend Geo gr he pane
‘ef ator Foe ade Agen bts th and Ini pr a ie
[Hx Gltl Eugene which smelting up esas wh sod pl
"ygrowng meres ron te wort Ose pt nara th poet ree
alesse mae mat tho Ewch aeody tock mee than que
‘exports The ml mercantile tractn fhe wo present ra at
‘horeisseapetowerey about wah an ete ight aga whe A tat
‘cal ees willbe aoopeitetotechalenge a pati thle se
‘ost erat ths pen, wth an TN wl haem the any cones
whch x etude Thi polio de wth the poe pce lo Ba Pee
‘Trade Agresnent ent aca ouno.
‘Attu ty es pert eee tas wen nh nthe Be nt
‘nacre ors ei so weer an tee FTA
‘ive yn tity at
{We posed to ws nthe cute eso isp - aly Prt Fo he
bechgrnd and ar on he sve ctr ~we sth peso he a
fxn hart bls tn re wl fe iit pores dpa
telomeres ts sh ad Tn.
Serato roe sunt erie roto awd oe
th ence act We ae ntl uel exinater h agh a
telebarerinervn tlintv ls mnning an -prlteca he sa
so oor bu wes ae to ey unbranched
Country wh omen sonar tha we Ba nde po
‘x Of cour thedicusion ral elton, tree pcan, ac
‘st theron ten net ie Gs, 207 ker tng
{poems bth sf te ble se aera abt eer oy anes
Imbahpaos
‘nPucl whih zor land quanti sons eNom ir
‘podsmarns, we atomal sme stead caners waking aetnsins in oer
{oe let ela he ple ensues of an FTA cm eld ae, These
‘hac curent sare aly efrel wd cbc:
# that. op mt Eda trad are! nately ose ad ‘The acumpion af nets ni wiin he FA allows sto wo the
‘prof ngthoght toa therenrtth our etna tone delim
the car undersnding tnt our extiaer ac wper bunds of ha le tht the FEA
‘elactuly ve Wert soabsedta forth pret 2003-05 ado ply we
‘resevig th stuation ht we ara he hha any benim execs
‘ythen Gren niece pra ol conic grow tewartheeaing tht he
Ite impreance and te the nd conan wil elncresng hough nes
hatha FTA actly beso opr, secs nay bene ge
‘scbneindeael Gena the ther nstines omeer we ee tenp ola
torso arth ino oreaelations.
(nest tn slo gba te taf rset ras gre
‘tonmoteting Thisprace highly consent theoretic view he rede een
‘coe whieh esa ignores ty posible dimensions anda empl dea
‘nny denon Wed ot elo ation apport sn
tying umber fey dts ote yt o he FA a caltg cen
nee histor The nls sal conta avery gol a
rpton~ eg he Gg le ofthe armenian Sytem (HS) of tae icon,
bh regs oe he howd roc er dgregaon Hees ie we
srenotaic ocr the appre pec prado welae gsr fses ox
‘coals tat ase snlaton adi we are eter po eal
‘nel dota International ade ata which enn heed og alee
rods such CSE modeling
hsp coe a essa prt Pat eet a er deal ak
roundtothedscuntnof tw eet ofa )-ini FTA onc counties Rats
ty dtcug the evoretn! bss on wichene sould one he welfare cone
nso trade dest wher. res fern In pera cto
tytoinpotng em alse) nd an ar ond sees tothe
‘hawt paying theme bit coy othe eens ne a
Ing oe fers pars het ha pcises peel te xin! ctey
source we paid the ane tea Ind, rong ett sa moe een
sear. Trade dren i el o Be bait the eel county ease
sala oooe that devine next scope rfl ae og a
‘heat stexprscommendel risia eo te ite Ur producti apd ole
‘Thinks outlet captive races singe eds sar em eva
We alo argu ae petal alent ws dele in expert edie the
rcs tht exclalcouseies cn bn fr heaps at eat FT ae
vroronn xli oune tr fe, We tht thistle eet su
Ty moles FIs rl or eed oun al weer ew elec em
art the pes ono dus wha -aa FTA might coe We at wth eet
sch ofthe ister of barepesn reel trading cats ta show hw te
Global Baap kate nee the H's ropes dinar eee
‘i ae donloig count One fart the bal furepe aie se
sive scaled ‘ep ingratin’ ~ the baron of replat the edton 9
‘ae ein he bere’ rer tread te rst oe ves We
lcs ight tal an coc tht prin hg anda he
rope ote BU ad Ind orang omc dep nero ar et in,
aly, we examin extents the ella fa E-oda FTA th tiers hen
ses Tis nat our ochre hat we dam on abr sl sft nd ter
‘hetncentestrthe agement pred and alo think att elas a ser
Part of hs ook anass he marks far eit nt pio vw of
cde countries tarts ating wheter hey expats to pr the
fartnadotoosch ter hy ths reson tt they wl bere uel
‘oth uae og dvr eth parietal ae snccan y he ereess
they afer ech ets Te news hat ot Jv cote ave oy moet
orp wh ad's agro ie EU ape B's,
Next eso wt ene he PTA elders on arto exprso eth the
‘cada cout crt est tothe FTA mab, Tose ie umory dc
Stonconcree we rss le vrei coe the ED ew
‘sain he cormorant nan ht ee Aste le ee
that the ti aed by Ini tbe BU reall se tos Ue FTA Tl i 0
cto emis a whic bat India an he xl county enced
ed esr th FTA. bens rir ent err bc
Tn and th exc country arth sey emt ar ap MEN eA
Ings ube fees lint clan tA sod est tha tbe
cds cout prevoy abot ~ co pf rose Tying
‘ems (HA) petro ai spt lf ch he FTA wl
surf adn werecticntnticornindy hail relation we low ors
‘ea markt tht hd revousy ban rad the ea county = wou ono
Sone trade deren. phenenen which we cl trade cretion Such eve
‘ould te pd rth whch ow nes upg ar fie su a
axa dectin in theerperzf velo county The pees acl th
‘rough hla export eee dst nthe seaque| troson tetas
of te Recent of ths ind puter "at othe ACP a eat et
‘pa cout bene heyy be ery hw ces te ale
"chp sade verso prope he xa county eda bth ced the sme pie lif nally the FEA wou ana heaf r da Bt e 10
ple the ec counts. ports ae pte ewe om toe enced
‘wl Th ela coery may sk lo though we tae jt te ing,
‘ports co nt scaly hrm. The counter wich Us et af oncom
ute nor ca tot fol he FA 0 estate cutie ight at
feline exports on te rode Dee byte tle dtd tat ee
‘denon or resentation gy excel county fens ny chase 1 ee tet
fear rns th in rate he tf spt tht yf
‘he impertinent ocr tt the eg rae ta bs
torn tha th pees lth wits thy la he are ete Tat
‘largertheargeristhe ene corty trae withthe. Te compte ret
‘cd countries sue on thos expat se the ree th eat a
‘isin he Un ly bn ets the rer tes of he BU are
‘hatin comma ease his ais moe ht nda sons the pce
Sa We if elt ey om tn 5
le 1 unmarss someof th eyrenlts om thcleuns. lock Adsl wis
“et pre The abe comer thee rope nur a's eights Seth
‘Aaa, wich are lt beeen a toms exprts te BRIS (xl
ag lf use) wc lrg pagers the weld se apd pel ong
loping cours ond group ACP evar, mich ate eral Yous al ad
uavlyspedsaton the Baht The dt eeunton ae enn Pe
bu rl they cane he pentagon al eps or
‘whch tbe PA erento compte then an errs he eee cet
‘he ants cote o teh reeves he ode pert
iy hat coer and the hae of ae exports ot mune tote of tle
‘hocks Thin th pcotgr ft nets scot by exer ote
fain is etn ar hc Ine mre share TO per cen e vr nd ac
rent tcf on nd o Scent or ne The re threw weeps fo
‘ethan soccer
‘Tenet ftare Tbe tediernce cron, Tsay S7percetf
"ange export cum A fae nosed compen ead sg po
+e pone nan escola 2 Patan aS Takao se
ntentealines ed Nepali ne alana sae of wre ngrt o
“hecwuntnsof taser apd Soutbeen Aca a SADC ao ra theta
MT shxks sr These mate at dato thy te teal mo
‘an Oi thse groups tear Hen he esr sal neh oe
‘Seraeshocks ef Ser per eet of expert el wa onal boul
‘lt he ems of rade cl A). the sc ok eat nea ad
‘ron pendence rth Sth flan xd cenit iy Mpa which
hs over a tenth of ber ports In the vulnerable atin, OF ours al
Table. Summary measures ef eget erat othe nn FTA
Bleck ae are ek (edn mat
ey Indoor iinty | Sey Wengen rctly
aed ger” dle | honed erly ee
carom tmaty, ane | Grin Seow hse
igwen 02 as |
seguoh eat | oa an
me ayn |e
One wow) ako
Gmmiates 119g | ate
soclsssatia 1s 27am | ag
‘amt e48 oepecnap nun am SA,
(aun sels cepa akan nn S10
‘sume se
noe ain ef to erage aarp tn hr the weap ow.
crac or ve ay mie cs,
‘Wenow cor asso th nan mkt nd prs pene 1 BU gprs
“The amass srs bt the story ate dent nam an ls re ee tng that UY expr of cman to Ina ae geist fo an exe
aly bal bu ating, the ttt conan expert ol laa
rahe sl corn BI) Terman erento otha aad view ar thn ck
Ind Sout Aon nits that rencontre ait They
fafa mnjtshocktosrshae ah tra, Nepal ea hata ae ended ad
hve rade green with ado iat tha itertona tae He wl sos
‘tll ore sel otent athe B-aPT, Lanka fae ie ol
‘calergs vn brought bout or exacerbated by evs FTA which cto
‘eas hwy onthe nda mrt Aron thr coun ny Soth Asa a
nfleant eros.
al the suo that innate btn ore markt wiley aon Sth
‘et our slr a material negate sho rom the dra or roast of
toda under an -Indn FTA, Pel etrsand the tr a ade e peiie
aa Homer slau ay wo neta en
succes in alvance, bt hey shoul nt Deca unly wor bt ta geez
‘vt pst The uate rad’ eens tere er Tey ee
‘oestarero esate! none ret of two markt sad ae
‘Sree nc edn oa ua
Shocker ad Nepalese tthe FTA al eae wy ey
Prt Il hie stents to service Bath nda ad the a aor pers and
cronctarsolmervicnAD FA that gored avis wld ithe buk achecrnory
‘on aot th arr sree tnd dee the dt ed quae re
oak Ths we cannot res thst af ip tht we andra go We do
shes he nate a ees ae the pers nd awe ham. abd enti
ume of scr were eres Urals nthe Hane Inn mond be te
"eat ar tht he in raion mers ofr seth rods
ects, epecalynscors wi network enous estrogen arpa
Iocumbeat h ret aan: Tf nd ors BU epee
acon mare an the ten estend ht a ot supe ew yrs he
ght tft der tbe ahah fr ery ong pei of tne
‘ere smn el rac, ts coal be har nda aa tot elude
‘ountes that wuld hve coped te tat nth ben of he prec. Nl,
twee tn ermn nd series aecuenty ct at cbse ew na
‘unter ae large amount exstingede tas hss at wh
oaldharebon nettle we iy een
‘hare erat penetration when the market is Iberalsed. mae
‘nal pfs pbatn dese wpe repos badd ec
dab botnet ft raven de eves set
"cy spe secs ue Ut Moree nen oe cov susie
Intervent pre them, Hens the mbes eee but at
‘a forth xh counted ct the Bld PA th peat
‘oan dense bot growth an connie. aon hey
tty wont topo te parier shay tho ne ou sepons p eseel.
tests dts ok rsa tr oul Sth Aho nt expe
Whole oma of were ata elf the FTA, but win he aks re ter
These eons wih Oo pepretoengge thresh iis hey
fora sck scoot the FA oe nit competing ence
Trewern comp ai th prs a nen the i peers tes ea
ano ls of eine id pn das desta nw mares
"ay might a ete tnt thy wok to emi th the WTO uo FTA an
cafe othe xan that ay patted oer ee,
nh nd, awe ae te ht al por econ an dsb m9
{inda tv acing ny shy shud ia sou ose rep
a ic dia het a a
the partners and anyooe else in ways that reduce the disrimination th ace ed ap
perth neon progression owe ncn an
Ceeapastc hy ots coe dirt ewe andteal
‘On the ber had hey ay rata egg PT rt ttn a efit
loth maltreated hat een ral ae ll wl De
replete any ines oer athe ring em ge Otto: thy wh
‘clon tad casulatons of thesr wee errr a mtr of i
osname imae which cul eel nine the bn eater
tho they wou eal show mall arnt af eeaetecy an th ext
hic the pane FTA homes Unrate al allel eee to
‘eoethe dora comity. Notes Part
Background Chapter 1
The effects of preferential trading
arrangements (PTA) on excluded
countries: Welfare not quantities
‘cht trent the concept emowork we us or thinking boa the
tts of preity ernst (PTA) ot ede eu ich
‘noe exit than met treinens sot whit ely deine esac were =
ese poms ah ris ater han st ceca ota al por
‘2 hea nt og irene thtraorl clans thet of FING
‘mca connte war, butt ace upplementing he,
‘he vst mor of te rte en PTA rps the pie a epte ets
aang om "racecar cers epectinely nhe eet a the
‘erat theater the PTA doo tb bent This ao pert
newer partner blob carn ea anny apt avemae
ery popula lat erally ot ery ied. Bt wey pc
eit fr uns ine th PTA Ks inppropin frh counies tit area
emit Resch counter rde ron rag lew ero
rina teen os.
The price effects of a PTA
Theme commen argument abut the wy which PT sts ned ty
"ogh ee deren st citalig fe expt othe PTA relative tte pon
‘ht wou oe ben sed ater of the PTA Here he ee tela.
‘parton er magna at of redo an se ating eal ri a
tholos of exports ae very la then, apart em eats easier eens
"oer one att apae he xl cy ds ot ler ry ese
‘eres The esos essed es ibe aig te expr sg
‘mort ined I the ahr hae expr pies ened arpa ae oe
‘ch into emperor core ls by the difeenebtmee eval epee
ines ot inerts bought ad th ae te emacs looper else
ne way awh expert pracy xe ol ot i xpi ea ger
ol pots eens expert ras re npr carpet. Soh eis atte
Toten ay ae tt sere anc eee ty erie sls he ene
ce Sirs th case wth nds having ont fle I he reson
17 case ty the eto th weld lel eno the hat ol
‘hs Hale and Nan 1992) tne peta TFTA le the een
sf he Sage Nk the en expat, bt the ec fr dase penal
Another tnpatant ure of rence betwen ep vals ad mal cos
‘partes fa PTA cts etched cout seq he rks aware on ie
fo of producton, ute the a ggept nae al ee hs = ad
pteay rote ingrtant pcteal the socal Lee sant hee wih
Sts tht npr tere outa impr te Tiga tat coy
‘suelo hartarly-canloe Fo sng PTAs story etl
Arete th neler the optima ee and ea tht ano pets
‘eld conrrer at we than carte cute Cnr wl at
{0+ 0th pe pth two know ths bone thats wht hey ee wing So
frit bt cart th cut ely the ax a ing ey er a
mers nth rea taappers If for exraneoe res a PA. eget
"pers etl flo Snes gate woth nar tha thy Sw
fen a they
Theses ayn wich sl exports can a ead county ei the pce
tw expres ean all hod This dee pry oe athe PTA In
‘uesen ormoe piel on he prance he trae on whi rele
Sand Whi soa PAS wivary ter sth neal tafe th res
‘hich rade osc lege reenter FAA ean poop ale.
‘old oes The teavou as npn everyone te mat ~ poste be
Dyes pete il tepals eter rat hy eal withthe PTA el
Thesiicance fee angst thy ft ott or rade but te we
vole of exsting te
mehr erect pri or ental ade ry awe a. rl
tsa ath cing that superstore ar When me
er courty ra oe en rere el cana ce or ce
Sein thePTA ari andes country frnsiay have torn yrlacig ke
Pct congenston, Thi assem of trl change fe ep
Falvey tht tok tt rete cold ema eh
‘ere the volume of experts and phen chang in ri ptr Be
ble To ao some ef he las redctig export Tooter markt stchng
‘euro rising ther se Wt ethene cal aceon err the
same reve esther hare wl be os. Tese es ar oe ee
‘dole of slater styling ng. the ade wef
(li ths re rly large hs PTA could apr as of weit fre
‘sist onnires for sane, ad Sl (1997) prove esc Sh
Tare re eft een rl counts ins ween Sth Aer. uokiog atthe ag oar ca: Robert Nand (1968) cal the af te
slesref/TAinatieecouney oer aan del wir i es
‘ete and pce change aeurng to tre une a py eli
‘pont antl rtrnal a shc Hesbowetint rangle ptrentltr
1 cnng by on member the pled exprtig priest of fe prone.
hth of de exclaalcauney terre Since a PTA smmlcenal f e
tho partir swaping such eons the nl oar pal lms
ete the pate of psf athe tat arto rd
grnt much empl work was doe th tre wae fle of PTA wt ast
Stem, Wit (1997) col nt ae ep mp ayo he eae
fc ft PTA. Tato of work tare wth Wiers ad Chong (2000) wich
‘mi ihe pce ett Spanish assess tothe Bin 98 eo heer ear
‘eed OBC eunes Ts war els cond dk eat Spin ole re
‘cent acceso rpean Community supers US retanifepet esto Spal
‘niet thf helt bt reg hati aed at nds proen ne
set faling US pee rater than rng Hones or arf reson heme
thre seo mot ly oot ean eet of ill US ps he ars
leableto sgt hat tbe PTA ha bod ade ton tec count Ye
Ing he prtalprcetUSexpatratbe oho ber cu experts ye
Iv of nya alien
Ampretheouh exer wescendcly Chang ap Wines (2002) whiter’
{hcretnof MNCOSU They postu ted coe Ee ext rs
{otal waldbeintoenas oe oly bythe ri ny cb alo ye le
‘atte alsin member surest theft the aero cal ree
‘Thus inthe eve of MERCOSUR, ex oi ule dene nk ters of
‘radonsthy eel sin een th pods se ht th pes
sal erpettrs rec! within the iting nr te stad. Chad
‘Winer were able lock US export pe tora rata US expr rst thar
mats wel rat tho of Artin exports oa The copes
‘eae ile US ext martha tt US ms aden es 0
wa on etl ow of $600 alone anum nthe of de
oma 2007) abd Haszague (2008) oth invest the tof tae et of
for Bangladesh Neneo pee eet Rani se it aren ad,
tat ahah rf tee els are eit, eam ha Chang ait
‘Wit He prises tat hss Becsae the USA war aad a Hg compte
nat so chat args cul abe gum mc ft Re aad pty
‘ss where mors fo elie counts spre epubiy an ete
‘esol neta,
neo therareing argues! helt Fhson ecu un concerns
the socal Kemp Wn then ob of the mela sof erm tay
2 ‘Tatler ig
or Ken nt Wa (1975) owen meres pgs cos unin fA
‘abil tif tetenmemters rrr aol mers chs there aio
teing welaroimorving or meer Tey some tht he son un cult «
con xerael ta hat would age Ips fey gaa the ee he
‘ord unctanpslthaesring tad pat at alone walle of tf
‘he wold Papaya ad esis (2002| exe he Ka a thera stad
sro (Fh) ante that a cme testi tr ed th he
‘dete eevee ers enter comnts wich ur. i ata
TIA eroppont ion CU} arpa en seston geal al sgn eat
on errs. Howse hy showed th men outs hi Ube FTA a
‘ulm ast thepe PTA earn te the FTA culls be dg abe na
‘Sout ken and Wan wre tt ga lac wha woud bo pod obo
foc ex oan, mary how ede the newt f «CU oF FTA. Seen
Many markets
etn lon tro ous PAS opel anaes whole ana wk. Th base
‘nacre ae whe end Ut aA sepia let
comany tats esl oat he agree bans he coy sch
te daar cpa aed he oa apt alc of eo Hs la
‘rts eas dea ror a thet wage be wl be eli ach
te eey oo othe individ cratie, Tewe ce eral prea age
ta the paral oben wl ae be a que sen a fo ein
‘x: acoebyaeesing op nallowing rh stn tty th PTA tho
pvt the ccncy woe eo dere rec eae f Uneeal wal-
leet te pal
Feed sorts of snp the fra tal siting the pat of PTA na
and ede outs Compute Gurl Buber (OGD medline
‘gens eeryhing ee ‘De orwyeo ed epnds n theps al eee
fds aed once: Fae inn depen om ws. pa rents Which
‘epee, wich degen sls is and Pres ered om wae
drat sp vo rere saad deme eeu ia all maven
‘ae mart 8 ngetsmst paory enperslragnRrrowis Sb
‘nd Wes 2003, p45) Bute couse nang Be The pelo esse al st
lk nts CG ne enorme and dete a thr wey Ths eal the mas ar st why bal on prt ees sout he sony ae
‘els deed on pres vest ee no wer ni They Fe
ton comple wero rough etl gun aleve in fat an ing
sat cua outcomes ra Alle een ie Vlcmel el (2005),
‘onc dr En CGE ols thefts PTA se eno ane
‘cnr tif NPB th tone cero ad ation eprint Mer,
esas thy eel tina teeta pod ar lett ae
tt pedacton, chy grad ne tae ri redone to emp ta ce
tne des, (Te sing ton af ene ere fr nate ated the
last that ener goodie dents tha heise sped rom abe source
ether} Given hiss oma how fen dee mare get nt PIAS wil be
rato members Bt ving unig gods alse tat ai seks wl ways
‘lat pst mete neo lent sv gat nope es
‘desks or lel utes nd hs red! ssf he,
Apne the hckpround, ne now ree swe ress om the Cel Hear
‘ing C5 moc he lst» Fee Trae Agrenent ofthe Amer
roel an Stra (2005 ound ta the eminence
{he FTAA wo lower wen all ut wo fhe 16 na-zraipg ous en
‘esther lien etm, Tey ound he FINA to be rae det oe
‘nol ROW, wha walle eso $9.3 in pra
Frans Maoson and Wgpa (2005) cmc an analy dho U'SPTAS Whe
string ptr Mexo, Sots A, eg ol MEROOSUR) ata at
the entire ar ete oe a therange i 891 ilo annua bse 0
1997 GOR, Mt FTA partners exept Boel onthe ect ete gr
at, Hower fe OW nesta counts sch 8 Botsnena Noth
‘Anand he Mii Bas Te rol or stevane th la of tou $377 elon
‘onal pit oles fr Shara Ae in genera Weare lone Botrwe od
Southern Aan fn the South Ace TA ae coed ty the TAP tl
Mcdosl ndWally (2003) wh Rd tha he sn Btwn a the et
SADC amount in $715 lon wd $14.2 len, pect
Tosuaciamaningthat the lind egrennt uly schleves sn e
‘atin bcm thr thf at et x rng probly hat wel areca
‘unt Fraeral ress Howe shar yt epic eget
‘se ec oun rte omplaey erent pa wits he Hand na st
‘how porters de ten thane ners U-indan trade tent sa
that thimpactof ning eral xe cone ares
Sct Nena to se he ess recedes wt the arto etal
aac oer pups. wea jt aes Hy hae sft at
peruano eal leg nee sash secs He nan aes, The
‘romsindr of tink esa dota 1 esting abd quanta pa ese
lies sek to ak where tae ono it a nga BIndas ade
owes rier sa ne 1 belo bow ey exclu couts wl be
‘Mlenoope thor acormot ayoeptve hk ha ner ro the ala
“ ‘afer is sng
Notes
oat wd Namba ortho ree [At see at
‘bt re mtr he SI pn Common Rene a re
‘decueoarcanpnetcneing acon teva eld Aer te
‘a tino SCUnprto rat ell South Als estou eer a
‘deere te laf wig ch alt in oir wh
tone A Gg SADC) cry hl Sr rece noth Aone 100
"Waly pana ry th mr rn Mond War 05,
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EU Trade Agreements: What can we
expect an EU-India Agreement to
cover?
‘Tischer bey tees his of thing aout eae arenes showing,
theta ane el eget re sybian eae
‘ete seen th EU move ous is ea ad meres to bese re dee
Spinco apd energie Lda it ann po ts ropa
Inthe aeenents, end ee more son agers wt be ACP sates he Has
cecersed conten rm oe he depres ad ing of Merlin, We
‘xpos ons thisin gods ts wth nda bt prob oar exten han re
try Esha a te tars eal deepen - regulary her
fend, Tore a he pte guns om dap iseprion fr he prose
inane cos ow cman col at btn ober excl contr bene
orth rer ence tral preement arne gen teers
‘hetwoprtna, ws donatsctaly erecta hap anion of day negate
A beet history
Asasocal cto the IC ad othe ar wel eth aso
tern the Bogen Un sales bea ambalent ebve ba ent a prey
‘muna aproac oade poly ely ir years the Eta see te
[GATTIWO a reorexating ns ito wan exension onto te pba lane os
Inara rales rete us rendu lesa ot see. Bat
‘mutagen th 190s te Hl har construc a pier we of Wt rd
Puri ede greene. oxy wit deopng ons ht means tat i
‘end he sal ounber of pane flog MN al lag te US Cana,
‘tea jpe olan aod Chine ie oll Ber perenn a
‘highheels tough tenet pt
sone the an penal agreements were with the Aan. Casiboun ad
‘ric (ACD) purine countir the cntoaef the Meeranen ah 1963
‘ound comention nich ore pretend malt ces prnelly nsta
Solste oer rch else was rnd a 1975 nos mune of a oe
‘oto wht rien pret emo UK cole nA, Bt tA
Tam also povided spe como pee sabisaon. The Lam sso was
replaced in 2000 bythe Caton omen See of he hy carats af he
‘hao eine ako erty aed apremens were. Hones ncmotbe
‘eth the pcp ofthe GT ann the pst 1994 the WTO rote tat hese
ues seep (Crt Sten nd ane ena 2002).
‘pre: the agents eros ecracaland cones: Tet pedis ma
at AC country gods ut they thet here hampers i he se
we Th lat Atle XXIV af the GATT. a the cv ofthe ety tert |
ironed nema an atengé wr mn 10 suse the ce by lng ta he
grees Were le rede rs ut tht the ait opening he tern pr
‘nero be partpood ors nits
Intec of the rere eh the Moderns prt the beg ess
‘hs problems the 1990s nb oan eraser with Ep
Moc Tani which were nde’ to cose il ee tde emer
en though stl sigh esymmetc i ge ng as asl agri
fovea Frthe ACP partner throne re ade eal wih The WTO sa
bers gre 9 2000 ose the nonce Coto spreatent water unt
ty wihtheWTD ex orebe torre onnnninatoyarangnent git
thsease acdsee means wrannnt we do aa heist Benen
Seay placed deetoping sone te dsp an rseactng tytn Bu Are
(tn) eres endo est roped counts whan se
faucet oe peers
‘he ental did propos ostesly GATTompan enone Pacer
‘rem tothe AC prtars The plans with ne do a at earn ere
Satie met tig tht he caren pnt oases alae by he
‘ene Apeemenon Tela Services GATS Arle Vey che ny severe
‘mets Th prvion bony smn alo mer pec werd he the on
sonia the GATT Arle XXIV toque uta lta tener
‘Awa nthe ACP and Nodesrasen countries he Ba sete sgh
Ie oy fre nt asters Braye cating unre mach a Ure no
erinere Those ars etal otal agreament rater then payee oe
‘erent ons Ath sas tie, omer: tb EU cece nthe bat 10 ere
Ses of agement tht ca arly declan wale agement wk
perners mich ar en Chea South Als, nw ce ths cd pia
res: atic Martin (2001) hare ht ching aly edt rig py
ramet he fr flr trade coger the on em alae wal
Ale to nensnenbes. Thee were econae mes bei the FA betwee EU
Mac i 1997 bt re lo cert leider Mec ola
‘yonder Unfors The, aye stalled Meco als were rote spe Or
Siler mods. A the se ise ame cote sta Ce ware ie Ey Wt
Baldi (1995) hcl the doin els tsk th ne are cert ea
"temo inure purer ee gating ss uta partes wo te
‘eerste thn the otal MPN tl prod, Many ecm rept thee mou Hey to cae det conn dtr
"tro tae ron, aod apni danage tthe malar sy ol Or
‘awit ring partners to wow it thks tart ace portant fer the Eel,
athe Inn oft int th ein peor hat he ae
eo Ne Dt
“Global Europe’
2006 ser Mando inchs the Cb rp’ che Unig eis wa the
tlw sry wt to ae te WTO. The ancora le
‘nets:e cbc ofr owing ark as pares gg endure
tn th seas ht roagses that ‘allo iatraton i the fr ofthe reel
sich agrcmens as iportan fo Europe's ‘erpetitece? (ada pcb frit
"he 2006 cron opr on ‘tbs ip’ rps Comin (2006) cae
slo thtthe BU wold cnet the 70 with eral rade dels
omicaise and roth andthe lel poten aan expert ert a
"he at ae ha th now eration FAS task ad repr
‘New ompeteenes even FTAs won eats be congress
scones sing othe het pombe degree ote Kerala ang
‘st tonsa the ew peo FT
Future FTAS woul as nel et Ways of adesg no nl bres. The
‘tackle non aif barriers Our abit tackle NES wil dif depndiog on our
‘eth nigourtn partners thon ther But thes es bo the
‘bw all ou prog orto atl regain apes shoal fe
smo he Indian alge in approaching te EL The EU pape ine an
“Gur oti prince och adn, Korea and ASEAN eka ey bh ee
ages wel beyond te rosa of te
‘equator barersoreeo re ie male harder dobnec eset
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