See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/284889292

Force distribution on telescopic boom of crane

Article · July 2012

CITATIONS READS

8 28,581

2 authors, including:

Mohd Parvez
Al Falah University India
104 PUBLICATIONS 376 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Mohd Parvez on 16 February 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Navneet Kumar and Mohd. Parvez, 2012

ISSN 2278 – 0149 www.ijmerr.com

Vol. 1, No. 2, July 2012
© 2012 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved

Research Paper

FORCE DISTRIBUTION ON TELESCOPIC BOOM

OF CRANE

Navneet Kumar1* and Mohd. Parvez1

*Corresponding Author: Navneet Kumar,  er.navneetgoyal@gmail.com

This paper gives the introduction about the construction of telescopic boom and different forces
and moment acts on the different parts and area while picking up the load. The telescopic boom
is fitted on front end of the crane for lifting of load from different radius. More the distance of the
load from the front axle of crane, less would be the load taking capacity. Accordingly boom of
crane is designed. Here in this paper we shall consider one load case, i.e., when load lifted will
be taken on the Jib Head.

Keywords: Telescopic boom, Load, Radius, Capacity, Front axle, Jib head

INTRODUCTION extension, retraction system. Winch is

Boom is the main part in the crane, which is
used to lift the load. This is generally
connected to the front end of the crane. This
part consists of multisections, connected with
each other with cylinder and ropes. The number
of section depends on the specification
required for the crane. Here we will discuss
the force distribution in the telescopic boom,
while lifting the load.
Boom parts and mechanism can be seen
in the below given picture. The main parts of
the boom are:
Mother Boom: This is the outer most portion
of the system, consisting of other sections and
1
Al-Falah School of Engineering & Technology Dhauj, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
mounted on the left side of the boom.
Extension cylinder rear end is connected from
the inside.
Middle Boom: This is the second section of
booms comes inside the mother boom. The
other end of the extension cylinder is
connected with the Middle Boom.
Inner Boom: This is the third section of booms
comes inside the Middle boom. Inner Boom
and Middle booms are connected with each
other with rope mechanism. This rope
mechanism is known as boom extension and
retraction system.

This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijmerr.com/currentissue.php

96
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012
Extension Cylinder: Extension cylinder is
attached in between mother boom and first
extension. This is to extend the boom, to pick
up the load from long distance, i.e., from more
radius.
Winch: This is the part present on the mother
boom. This is the winch drum on which rope is
wounded. Winch motor is present inside the
housing. This is to rotate the winch drum for
winding and unwinding of rope. The other end
of the rope is connected with the snatch block
hanging from the boom.
Snatch Block: The hanging part from the Jib
area is used to pick up the load. Crane hook
is installed in the snatch block.
Below is the given picture (Figure 1) shows
the three section boom, used for lifting the load.
The Load lifting will be considered on the Jib
head, and correspondingly load distribution on
all the sections will be studied. Following are
the standard nomenclature used in this paper.
Figure 1: Construction Detail of Telescopic Boom
This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijmerr.com/currentissue.php
97
Navneet Kumar and Mohd. Parvez, 2012
P = Externally applied Load (i.e., load
lifted).
PX = Lateral/side load component.
PY = Vertical load component.
PZ = Axial load component.
PA = Axial load on section.
W = Total weight of component (i.e.,
individual booms).
T = Torsional moment.
M = Bending moment.
RX = Reaction load in the lateral direction.
RY = Reaction load in the vertical direction.
RZ = Reaction load in the axial direction.
g = Wind load, lb/in2.
A = Boom angle with horizontal plane.
D = Diameter of the various section.
N = No. of falls.
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Navneet Kumar and Mohd. Parvez, 2012

Consider P is the load Lifted from the Jib Axial Load

head (i.e., from snatch block). For this Axial load acting on the jib head RZ1 = PZ +
condition, here we will discuss the force P/N + W sin
distribution on all the sections from jib to the
rear most portion. For above mentioned Shear Load
condition free body diagram for Jib head Vertical load acting in Jib head Ry1 = Py +
(Figure 2) would be: W cos

Wind/Side Load Horizontal direction = Px

Side Load Px = 0.02 P (As Per SAEJ1078 Force transfer from jib head to Inner Boom
side load is taken 2% of actual working load). (Figure 3) and other acting force will be
explained below.
Moments
M1 = PY * L1 + PZ * L2 – P/N * L4 + W cos * L5 Hr = Ref. height at which the wind velocity is
measured (= 20 feet) = 6.096 meter
M2 = PX * L1
(This height is usually measured at the
Torsional Moment 60% of the total extended length of boom)
T = PX * L 2
Ho = Height of boom pivot point from the
Here Rx1 = P x ground level FBD OF JIBHEAD

Figure 2: FBD of Jib Head

This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijmerr.com/currentissue.php

98
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Navneet Kumar and Mohd. Parvez, 2012

Figure 3: FBD of Inner Boom

HP = Height of center point of wind pressure
to the boom pivot point
H = HO + HP = Height of center of wind
pressure from the ground level
p = Wind velocity exponent
V = Vr(H/Hr)p
Wind load g = 0.004 (mph)2/144
Par = Axial load on the right side of section
Z1 – Z1
This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijmerr.com/currentissue.php
99
Pal = Axial load on the left side of section
Z1 – Z1
W2 = Weight of second extension
Moments
MX = M3) = M1 + RY1 * L7 + (W2/L7 + L8) * L7 *
L7/2
= M1 + RY1 * L7 + 0.5 L72 * W2/L7 + L8
MY = (M4) = M2 + RX1 * L7 + g * d1 * L7 * L7/2
= M2 + RX1 * L7 + 0.5gd1L72
T = PX * L 2
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Navneet Kumar and Mohd. Parvez, 2012

Axial Load Moments

Axial Load acting on the pin Rz2 = Rz1 + W2 Moment about X-axis
sin (M4) = MXX = RY2 * L12 + W3 cos* L12 * L12/
Axial load on the right side Par = Rz1 + W2 2(L12 + L13) – RY3 * L17 – 2RZ2 * L18
sin * L7/(L7 + L8) = RY2 * L12 + 0.5W 3L122/(L12 + L13) – RY3
Axial load on the left side Pal = Rz1 + W2 sin * L17 – 2RZ2 * L18
* L8/(L7 + L8) Moment about Y-axis
Lateral Reactions (M5) = MYY = RX2 * L12 – RX3 * L17 + g * d2 * L12
* L12/2
Rx2 = RX1 + g * d1 * L7 + RX3
= RX2 * L12 – RX3 * L17 + 0.5gd2L122
Rx3 = MY/L8
Axial Load
Vertical Reactions
Axial load RZ3 = 2RZ2
RY2 = RY1 + RY3 + W2 cos
Axial load on the right hand side of section
Ry3 = MX/L8 –0.5 W2 cos * L8/(L7 + L8) Z2 – Z2

Shear Load (Par) = 2RZ2 + W3 sin* L12/L12 + L13

Load in x-direction PXR(Right side) = RX1 + Axial load on the Left hand side of section
g * d1 * L7 Z2 – Z2

Load in x-direction PXL(Left side) = RX3 (Pal) = RZ3 – W3 sin * L12/L12 + L13 – W4
sin
Vertical Shear Force
Vertical Reactions
VYR = RY1 + W 2cos * L7/(L7 + L8)
Ry5 = M4/L13 – 0.5W3 cos * L13/L12 + L13 –
VYL = RY3 + W 2cos * L8/(L7 + L8) RZ3 * L19/L13
Lateral Shear Force RY4 = RY5 + RY3 – RY2 + W3 cos + W4 cos
Vxr = RX1 + gd1L7 Lateral Reactions
Forces on middle Boom (Figure 4) (i.e., RX5 = M4/L13
forces transfer from inner boom to middle RX4 = g * d2 + RX5 + RX2 – RX3
boom
Vertical shear force right hand side of
The forces acting on the middle boom directly section
transfer from the inner boom thru nylon pads.
Vyr = RY2 – RY3 + W5 * cos() * L12/(L12 + L13)
Here on the middle boom wind load will act in
+ Pb * cos()
same way as in inner boom.
Vertical shear force left hand side of
g = Wind load = 0.004 (mph)2/144
section
W3 = Weight of the second extension VyL = Ry5 + W5 * cos() * L13/(L12 + L13) + W6
W4 = Mass of the extension cylinder rod end * cos()
This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijmerr.com/currentissue.php
100
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Navneet Kumar and Mohd. Parvez, 2012

Figure 4: FBD of Middle Boom

Lateral shear force right hand side of P ar = RZ3 – W 3 sin  * L 12/L 12 + L 13 – W 4

section sin 
Vxr = Rx2 – Rx3 + g * d2 * L12 + 0.02 * Pb Vertical Reactions
Lateral shear force left hand side of Ry5 = M4/L13 – 0.5W3 cos * L13/L12 + L13 –
section VxL = Rx5 RZ3 * L19/L13
Axial load on the Left hand side of section RY4 = RY5 + RY3 – RY2 + W 3 cos  + W 4
Z2 - Z2 cos 
This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijmerr.com/currentissue.php
101
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Navneet Kumar and Mohd. Parvez, 2012

Lateral Reactions RY8R = Reaction on the Right side of winch

RX5 = M4/L13 mtg. area on boom in Y-axis
Vertical Shear Force Free body diagram is shown below
Vertical shear force right hand side of
Moments
section
Moment about X – X “M6” = “Mx” = Ry6 * L21
VyR = Ry2 – Ry3 + W3 * cos() * L12/(L12 + L13) – Ry7 * L25 + 0.5 * W 5 * cos( ) * L21^2/(L21 +
Vertical shear force left hand side of L22) + RZ6 * L26 – RZ2 * L21 + W6 * cos() * (L21
section – L22)
VyL = Ry5 + W3 * cos() * L13/(L12 + L13) + W4 Moment about Y – Y “M7” = “My” = Rx6 * L21
* cos() – Rx7 * L24 + 0.5 * g * d4 * L21^2
Lateral shear force right hand side of Axial Loads
section Axial Load (Rz6) = Rz5 + W7 * sin()
Vxr = Rx2 – Rx3 + g * d2 * L12 Axial load, i.e., on right hand side of
Lateral Shear Force section
Lateral shear force left hand side of section Par = W5 * sin() * L21/(L21 + L22) + Rz2 + W6 *
VxL = Rx5 sin()
Forces on mother boom (Figure 5) (i.e., Axial load, i.e., on left hand side of section
forces transfer from middle boom, winch
and ropes to mother boom) PaL = RZ6 – W5 * sin() * L22/(L21 + L22) + Rz8R
+ Rz8L – W7 * sin()
Following are the terms shall be used during
the force calculation on mother boom: Vertical Reactions
RH = Hoist cylinder reaction Vertical shear force right hand side of
section
 = Angle at which Lift RAM is mounted
Vyr = Ry6 – Ry7 + W5 * cos() * L21/ (L21 + L22)
W5 = Weight of Base section
+ W6 * cos()
W6 = Weight of welding
Vertical shear force left hand side of
W7 = Weight of extension cylinder on head section
side
VyL = Ry8r + Ry8L + W7 * cos() + W5 cos() *
RZ8L = Reaction on the left side of winch mtg. L22/(L21 + L22)
area on boom in Z-axis
Lateral Reactions
RZ8R = Reaction on the Right side of winch
mtg. area on boom Z-axis Lateral shear force right hand side of
section
RY8L = Reaction on the left side of winch mtg.
area on boom in Y-axis Vxr = Rx6 – Rx7 + g * d4 * L21

This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijmerr.com/currentissue.php

102
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012 Navneet Kumar and Mohd. Parvez, 2012

Figure 5: FBD of Mother Boom

Cylindrical Reactions 2 * sin() – 0.5 * g * d 4 * (L 21 + L 22) ^2/L 28 +

Load on boom hoist cylinder “RH” = [Ry6 * (L21
+ L22) – Ry7 * (L22 + L25) + W5 * cos() * L23 – W5
* sin() * L27 – W7 * cos() * L24 – W7 * sin() *
(L27 – L26) + Rz6 * (L27 – L26) – Rz2 * (L27 + L29) +
W6 * cos() * L28 – W6 * sin() * L27/{L22 *
cos() – sin() * (L30 – L27)}
Reactions on Boom Pivot Point
Lateral direction
Boom pivot point lateral reaction Rx8 = Rx6 –
Rx7 + g * d4 * (L21 + L22)
Rz2/2
Boom pivot pin axial reactions
Rz8L = RH * sin()/2 + Rx6 * (L21 + L22)/L28 – Rx7 *
(L22 + L25)/L28 – Rz6/2 + (W7 + W5 + W6)/2 *
sin() + 0.5 * g * d4 * (L21 + L22) ^2/L28 + Rz2/2
Vertical Reactions
Boom pivot pin vertical reactions Ry8r = 0.5 *
[RH * cos() + Ry7 – Ry6 – {W7 + W5 + W6 + Pb}
* cos()] + g * d4 * (L21 + L22) * L27/L28

Axial Reactions RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Boom pivot pin axial reactions As we have obtained the various forces on
RZ8r = RH * sin()/2 – Rx6 * (L 21 + L 22)/L 28 + different section, this can be taken as the basis
Rx7 * (L22 + L25)/L28 – Rz6/2 + (W 7 + W 5 + W 6)/ for the designing of boom.
This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijmerr.com/currentissue.php
103
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2012
• The moment acting in the y-direction gives
the thickness value of the side plates of
boom.
• The moment acting in x - direction gives the
thickness value of top and bottom plates.
• The RH value calculated above is the basis
for designing of Lift cylinder. Although, this
is the value calculated for one load case
only. The worse load case can be taken as
the basis of the designing of Lift cylinder.
CONCLUSION
• The load lifted from the Jib head, gives the
loading on all the booms. Hence affects the
design of each boom.
• The load lifted from other variable hook,
gives the different force and moment on
middle boom and mother boom.
• The worse loading and moment is taken for
the basis of designing i.e. thickness
calculation for each section of different
locations.
• The load lifted on mother boom fixed hook,
affects the designing of mother boom only.
• The above discussion of Boom pivot point
gives the information of force criticality on
the said point. The various reactions
discussed is taken the basis for designing
of Boom pivot point.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. AISC, “Specification for the Design,
Fabrication and Erection of Structural
Steel for Buildings”, Adopted February 12,
1969, in Addition, Supplements Nos. 1,
This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijmerr.com/currentissue.php
104
Navneet Kumar and Mohd. Parvez, 2012
2, 3 and Commentary with Additions and
Revisions Where Applicable.
2. AISI, “Specification for the Design, of Cold
– Formed Steel Structural Members”,
1968 Edition, in Addition, Commentary on
the 1968 Edition, by George Winter and
Supplementary Information Part II.
3. Column Research Council, “Guide to
Design Criteria for Metal Compression
Members”, Second Printing, 1960.
4. Brockenbrough R L and Johnston B G
(1968), “USS Steel Design Manual”,
November, Printing.
5. Power Crane and Shovel Association
Standard Number Two, Mobile Hydraulic
Crane Standard and ANSI B30.15.
6. IS: 4573 1982, Edition 2.1 (1989-09)
Specification for Power Driven Mobile
Cranes.
7. North American Crane Bureau Group,
INC, Website, Why Certify? (http://
www.cranesafe.com) (1999).
8. IS: 807-1976 (Code of Practice for
Design Manufacture, Errection and
Testing of Cranes and Hoists.
9. IS: 5532-1969 Glossary of Terms for
Cranes.
10. IS: 6511-1972 Range of Preferred Safe
W orking Loads for Cranes, Lifting
Appliances and Related Excavators
Equipments.
11. BS:1757-1981 Specification for Power
Driven Mobile Crane Issued by British
Standards Institutions (Second Revision).
View publication stats