MICROPROJECT

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Representing:

OPERATING SYSTEM
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MENTOR-HJP
 CONTENT
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INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM

NEED OF OPERATING SYSTEM
FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
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 INTRODUCTION TO
OPERATING SYSTEM
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An operating system is the program that manages the

computer hardware .

It also provides a basis for application programs acts as an

intermediater between computers user and computer hardware

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NEED OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Controls memory: It helps in controlling the computer’s
main memory. Additionally, it allows and deallocates
memory to all tasks and applications.
OS as a platform for Application programs: The operating system
provides a platform, on top of which, other programs, called
application programs can run
Provides Security: It helps to maintain the system and
applications safe through the authorization process. Thus,
the OS provides security to the system.
Multitasking: The operating system manages memory and
allows multiple programs to run in their own space and
even communicate with each other
through shared memory.
 FUNCTIONS
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PROCESS MANAGMENT
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MEMORY MANAGMENT
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Process management is a critical function of the
operating system. By managing processes, the operating
system can ensure that resources are used efficiently and
that the system remains stable. In addition, process
management allows the operating system to control how
programs interact with each other.
The task of subdividing the memory among different
processes is called memory management. Memory
management is a method in the operating system to
manage operations between main memory and disk
during process execution.
 SECURITY
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To safeguard user data, the operating system employs
password protection and other related measures. It also
protects programs and user data from illegal access.

Device management in an operating system means

DEVICE MANAGMENT controlling the Input/Output devices like disk,
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microphone, keyboard, printer, magnetic tape, USB
ports, camcorder, scanner, other accessories, and
supporting units like supporting units control channels

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 TYPES OF OPERATING
______________________________________ SYSYTEM
BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM
TIME SHARING OPERATING SYSTEM
MULTI PROGRAMMING OPERATING SYSTEM
MULLTITHREADING OPERATING SYSTEM
MULTI-USER OPERATING SYSTEM
REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM
NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
MULTI PROCESSING OPERATING SYSTEM
 NETWORK OPERATING
______________________________________ SYSTEM
There are two basic types of network operating
systems, the peer-to-peer NOS and the client/server
NOS: Peer-to-peer network operating systems allow
users to share network resources saved in a common,
accessible network location. In this architecture, all
devices are treated equally in terms of functionality.

ADVANTAGES Upgradation of new technologies and hardware can

be easily integrated into the system.

DISADVANTAGES Dependency on a central location for most operations.

• Regular maintenance and updates are required.
 BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM
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• A batch operating system is a type of
operating system that allows multiple
users to use it at the same time, without
direct communication between them. This
is done by having the users submit their
jobs to the operating system, which then
processes them one at a time.
ADVANTAGES – There is no direct communication between users, meaning that there is no need for
a dedicated communication line.

DISADVANTAGES – It can be slow due to the fact that users need to wait for their turn to use the
resources.
 MULTIPROCESSING OPERATING
_________________________________ SYSTEM
• The multiprogramming system that allows
numerous applications to run simultaneously.
Multitasking in an OS enables a user to execute
multiple computer tasks at the same time.
Processes that hold common processing
resources, such as a CPU, are known as many
tasks.
ADVANTAGES - Multitasking operating systems have
the best virtual memory system. Any program does
not require a long wait time to perform its tasks
because of virtual memory; if this problem arises,
those applications are shifted to virtual memory.
DISADVANTAGES- Because of the poor speed of its processors, the system may run applications slowly, and their
reaction time may increase when processing many programs. More computing power is necessary to solve processing
boundation challenge.
 DISTRIBUTED OPERATING
___________________________________ SYSTEM
A distributed operating system is system software over
a collection of independent software, networked,
communicating, and physically separate
computational nodes. They handle jobs which are
serviced by multiple CPUs. Each individual node holds
a specific software subset of the global aggregate
operating system.
ADVANTAGES It may share all resources (CPU, disk, network interface, nodes, computers,
and so on) from one site to another, increasing data availability across the entire system.
DISADVANTAGES The system must decide which jobs must be executed when they
must be executed, and where they must be executed. A scheduler has limitations,
which can lead to underutilized hardware and unpredictable runtimes.
 MULTITASKING OPERATING
_________________________________ SYSTEM
• Multitasking in an OS enables a user to execute
multiple computer tasks at the same time. Processes
that hold common processing resources, such as a
CPU, are known as many tasks. The operating system
remembers where you are in these jobs and lets you
switch between them without data being lost.
ADVANTAGES - Multitasking operating systems have the best
virtual memory system. Any program does not require a long
wait time to perform its tasks because of virtual memory; if this
problem arises, those applications are shifted to virtual memory.
DISADVANTAGES - Because of the poor speed of its processors, the system may run applications
slowly, and their reaction time may increase when processing many programs. More computing
power is necessary to solve processing boundation challenge.
 REALTIME OPERATING
__________________________________ SYSTEM
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an OS that
guarantees real-time applications a certain capability
within a specified deadline. RTOSes are designed for
critical systems and for devices like microcontrollers that
are timing-specific. RTOS processing time requirements
are measured in milliseconds.
Advantages -Time assigned for shifting tasks in these
systems is very less. For example, in older systems, it takes
about 10 microseconds. Shifting one task to another and in
the latest systems, it takes 3 microseconds.
Disadvantages- Very few tasks run simultaneously, and their concentration is very less on
few applications to avoid errors.
 MULTI-USER OPERATING
_______________________________ SYSTEM
A multi-user operating system is an operating
system that permits several users to access a
single system running to a single operating
system .Users will usually sit at terminals or
computers connected to the system via a
network and other system machines like
printers.
ADVANTAGES It helps in the sharing of data and information among different users.
It also helps in the sharing of hardware resources such as printers.
DISADVANTAGES Virus attacks occur simultaneously on all of them as the computers are
shared. As a result, if one machine is affected, the others will be as well.
MULTIPROGRAMMING OPERATING SYSTEM
a multiprogramming operating system
provides the ability to run more than
one program concurrently. More than
one program (or job) can
simultaneously be loaded into main
memory. These programs can be
executed concurrently . memory is
shared between OS and such kind of
programs
ADVANTAGES - multiprogramming significantly improves system throughput and resource
utilization . this is because various resources, such as CPU ,can be utilized as much as possible
amoung various simultaniously
 TIME SHARING OPERATING
__________________________________ SYSTEM
A time-shared operating system uses CPU
scheduling and multi-programming to provide
each user with a small portion of a shared
computer at once. Each user has at least one
separate program in memory. A program is
loaded into memory and executes, it performs a
short period of time either before completion or to
complete I/O.
ADVANTAGES Each task gets an equal opportunity. Fewer chances of duplication of software.CPU idle
time can be reduced.

DISADVANTAGES Reliability problem. One must have to take of the security and integrity of user
programs and data. Data communication problem.
 MULTITHREADING OPERATING
__________________________________ SYSTEM

Multithreading is a process of executing multiple threads

simultaneously. A thread is a lightweight sub-process, the
smallest unit of processing. Multiprocessing and
multithreading, both are used to achieve multitasking.
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