Human Health

And Disease

By:Rajit krishna
 Learning objectives

• To Identify what is a disease and how it can be affected

• To learn and classify disease

• To Analyze and List common diseases in human

 What is health ?

• Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It is a dynamic concept that
involves various dimensions. Physical health refers to the condition of the body and its ability to carry
out daily activities. Mental health includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Emotional
health pertains to a person's ability to manage stress, maintain healthy relationships, and cope with life's
challenges. Social health encompasses a person's ability to interact and form meaningful relationships
with others.
❖ Health can be affected by
• genetic disorders – deficiencies with which a child is born and deficiencies/defects which the child
inherits from parents from birth;
• (ii) infections
• (iii) life style including food and water we take, rest and exercise we give to our bodies, habits that we
have or lack etc.
 What is Disease?
• Disease is a condition that impairs the normal functioning of
the body. It is caused by various factors such as pathogens,
genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors. Diseases
can manifest in different ways and can affect any part of the
body.
❖ TYPES OF DISEASES
• Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as
viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. They can spread from
one person to another and can cause a wide range of
symptoms, from mild to severe.
• Example: Common cold, Influenza, aids, malaria are some
examples
• Non-infectious diseases are not caused by microorganisms but
by various factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, and
environmental factors.
• Examples: include chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes,
and cancer.
 • Pathogens are microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and
parasites, that can cause disease in humans and other living organisms.
They can be transmitted through various means, including direct
contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated food or water.
• Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium
Common Salmonella typhi. It is characterized by symptoms such as high fever,
headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.( we could

diseases in confirm typhoid through widal test )

• Common cold is a viral infection that affects the upper respiratory
system, causing symptoms such as runny nose, cough, and sore throat. It
human is typically a mild illness that resolves on its own within a week or two.
• Pneumonia is a bacterial or viral infection that inflames the air sacs in
one or both lungs, causing symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty
breathing. Pneumonia can be spread through the air by coughing,
sneezing, or talking, as well as by touching contaminated surfaces and
then touching the mouth or nose.
 Common diseases in
human

• Malaria is a parasitic infection that is

transmitted by mosquitos. It causes flu-
like symptoms such as fever, headache,
and chills. In severe cases, it can lead to
complications such as anemia, cerebral
malaria, and organ failure.
 • Amoebiasis is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba
histolytica. It can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach cramps, and abdominal pain.
In severe cases, it can lead to liver abscesses and other complications. It is spread through
the ingestion of contaminated food or water.
• Ascariasis is a type of parasitic infection caused by the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. It
can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malnutrition, and in severe
cases. The infection occurs when a person ingests the eggs of the roundworm, which are
Common present in soil contaminated with human feces. It is prevalent in areas with poor sanitation
and hygiene practices.

diseases • Elephantiasis or filariasis, is a parasitic disease caused by filarial worms transmitted by

mosquitoes. It results in the abnormal enlargement and thickening of the limbs and other
body parts, causing pain and disfigurement. It can also cause secondary infections and

in human
disability. The disease is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions, and preventative
measures such as mosquito control and mass drug administration can help reduce the risk
of infection.
• Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin that can affect various parts of the body,
including the scalp, feet, and groin. It is characterized by a ring-shaped rash that is red,
itchy, and scaly. It is spread through direct contact with an infected person, animal, or
object. Treatment usually involves antifungal medication and good hygiene practices to
prevent the spread of infection.