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Square Root
Square Root
The square root of a number is a value, which on multiplication by itself, gives the
original number. The square root is an inverse method of squaring a number.
Hence, squares and square roots are related concepts.
Table of Contents:
Definition
Symbol
Formula
Properties
Finding Square Root
By Prime Factorisation
By Repeated Subtraction Method
By Long Division Method
By Estimation Method
Perfect Squares
Square Root Table
Square root of decimal
Square root of negative number
Square Root of Complex Numbers
Square Root Equation
Square of a Number
Applications
List of Square roots
Solved Problems
Worksheet
FAQs
f(x) = √x
For example, if x=4, then the function returns the output value as 2.
where x is the number. The number under the radical symbol is called
the radicand. For example, the square root of 6 is also represented as radical of 6.
Both represent the same value.
y = √a
If a number is a perfect square number, then there exists a perfect square root.
If a number ends with an even number of zeros (0’s), then it can have a square root.
The two square root values can be multiplied. For example, √3 can be multiplied by √2,
then the result should be √6.
When two same square roots are multiplied, then the result should be a radical number.
It means that the result is a non-square root number. For instance, when √7 is multiplied
by √7, the result obtained is 7.
The square root of any negative numbers is not defined because the perfect square
cannot be negative.
If a number ends with 2, 3, 7 or 8 (in the unit digit), then the perfect square root does not
exist.
If a number ends with 1, 4, 5, 6 or 9 in the unit digit, then the number may have a perfect
square root.
25 – 1 = 24
24 – 3 = 21
21 – 5 = 16
16 – 7 = 9
9–9=0
Since, the subtraction is done for 5 times, hence the square root of 25 is 5.
For example, the square root of 4 is 2 and the square root of 9 is 3, thus, we can
guess the square root of 5 will lie between 2 and 3.
But, we need to check the value of √5 is nearer to 2 or 3. Let us find the square of
2.2 and 2.8.
2.22 = 4.84
2.82 = 7.84
Since the square of 2.2 gives an approximate value of 5, thus we can estimate the
square root of 5 is equal to 2.2 approximately.
12 = 1 ⇔ √1 = 1
22 = 4 ⇔ √4 = 2
32 = 9 ⇔ √9 = 3
42 = 16 ⇔ √16 = 4
52 = 25 ⇔ √25 = 5
62 = 36 ⇔ √36 = 6
72 = 49 ⇔ √49 = 7
82 = 64 ⇔ √64 = 8
92 = 81 ⇔ √81 = 9
102 = 100 ⇔ √100 = 10
Hence, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 and 100 are the perfect squares here. Check
square roots of some numbers here:
N = ±√0.09
As we know,
Therefore,
N = ±√(0.3)2
N = ±(0.3)
�+��=±(�2+�2+�2+��2+�2−�2)
Isolate the square root term first. Then the equation becomes,
√(4a+9) = 5
4a = 16
a = 16/4
a=4
Example: Solve √(2x−5) − √(x−1) = 1Let us isolate one of the square root.
√(2x−5) = 1 + √(x−1)
2x – 5 = (1 + √(x−1))2
2x−5 = 2√(x−1) + x
x−5 = 2√(x−1)
√(x−1) = (x−5)/2
x−1 = ((x−5)/2)2
4x−4 = x2 − 10x + 25
4x − 4 − x2 + 10x − 25 = 0
−x2 + 14x − 29 = 0
x2 − 14x + 29 = 0
Squaring a Number
To find the square of a number, we need to multiply the number by itself.
1 2
3 4
Similarly,
Square of 9 = 92 = 9 x 9 = 81
Quadratic equations
Algebra
Geometry
Calculus
Solution:
Step 1: Select any two perfect square roots that you feel your number may fall in
between.
Now, choose 3 and 4 (as √10 lies between these two numbers)
Step 2: Divide the given number by one of those selected square roots.
Divide 10 by 3.
=> 10/3 = 3.33 (round off answer at 2 places)
Step 3: Find the average of root and the result from the above step i.e.
(3 + 3.33)/2 = 3.1667
(3.1667+3.1579)/2 = 3.1623
Example 2: Find the square roots of whole numbers which are perfect squares
from 1 to 100.
Solution: The perfect squares from 1 to 100: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100
√1 1
√4 2
√9 3
√16 4
√25 5
√36 6
√49 7
√64 8
√81 9
√100 10
Solution: No, As per the square root definition, negative numbers shouldn’t have a
square root. This is because if we
multiply two negative numbers, the result will always be a positive number. Square
roots of negative numbers expressed
Solution: Given,
√(x+2) = 4
x+2 = √4
x+2 = ±4
x = ±4 – 2
Therefore,
x = 2 or x = -6
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