PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, Osun UNIT 3 and > lupereclSownon OF Tuportant Guestons OF UNIT 3 PaTHoPHysioway | © Define Diabetes, Explain_short_term 2 long tem _comphinlins of ____|diabetes _ mellitus . - a __|Diabetes Melitus is defined as a. “condition ‘nh ody_ doer = _ ____[produce__enough Insvlin_on _clidn't respond _4o_insulin _Normall [that leads to _tncrense in __bload - glucose. C Blo. Soge). evel = abnormally highthecsinlceest Etiology L Guses t ao © Family histony af type 2 Diabetes Metis :Hohitval Ph That! ee © Rare & mt " pt @ Hypertension = Soe © (Distipidaemiq at ‘Polycyshe Quary Disease History Of Vascular Disease —— _ ‘Glucase fromthe blood into _mast_cells_-of body especially iver, ‘Thsulin__is_used_by abot hua thirds af! bod sGlucnse fiom the. blood: for use as. fue} esl © {TF the amount of insulin _auallable is nat oF pe ~Poaty_to_the_effeck_of insu, then _alucase _w : oR in ie ge ——Syhesis» melabalicacidosis eteAbnormal} Thastin / | Sensitivity . \ : ~ Gant Gein) [ Hyperinsulinemigy | : | esa Vv \ [Genkol Obesity | *” t Cap Ge | Fiogressive Los of | Cont L "B- @is Vv Tinpaited Glucose t Tolerance : v Diabetes reltitus | | “Tneteasect Urination Tiredness 2 weakness: == eee {Bluned Vision | DComplications __ TDinntes Imalitis- may develop epi at_ a brn — een a : ~@ [Swomr ten GrevermsJ ___These_are_the_metabolic complizaionS. pita dap a a_abapad of _Hime_€_indude a +0 is_defined as high concentration - of tne in Bedi Ais. Conditions _charactertzed_by. nausea, varnitig fst | mental confusion € coma _fnot is - ____ however _recovermble 7 eo Hupememalar Non ketohic ma . plicahon of __ es gas ae ion_resulks _ PN ik nae" deyaaton che ten of ——Crtiuova toss of glucase in using = i “Tk may develop _in_potients of type 4_om - | esa eels oP —— + itsulln__missing _a_meo| on _due:-to. stress — @ [Lowa Tex Grevomnons} ———These_are_the_compications clevelop over long peticd_of Hime: |Alhernsclemsis + boln ‘jype 14 type 20M aelemes the. oe = etsrsis__ - ——— a -——# Diabet Newopatny ?—Dieicnewopatny may affect ‘oll_ paris oP - © Thfeshine : bl ifetins uch_Os tuberculosis, pyelanephnitis _, ohhs _,dliabetic __ Ulers_ele — Treatment ioe eo flintby Alois Alzheimer in_Igq% ___ iT is -n_inseversible , progressive, neutadegenerahive _clisease that _is ® Define Alzheimer's Disease _@ Alzheimer disease first _introducec} i imer_1n _____|chatacetized _by_impaitment of ae eae Tt _commi {tn feasaning _, planning. «ngage <—perepten— only accuts in Coverage © [Alzheimer's cliseake results from _an_jnhancmen} in the production or + Accumulation _af _ specific _protein_Caltecl_beta- myli_in_the pin ___ hat lends to _netue cal deat ____© Patients _sI i il Stow icy éreadion— oe ‘ © {Difficulty —in foutine tasks _ « © Avoiding people Mew plas __ ooStage -T Tt i Se : - “es = =e — rorn_fo ota — = it time Difficulty _in_speerh , feuding 2 _uriting[DHT [rene | ESE ees ee ee) as Ove to Vanous Eliological Factors | © i Scene ree |__| Granges occur tn the protein of the nerve . — Cells_oF the cerebral cortex - a | = Accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles fod and plaque _ v LGranuto Voscular__ Degeneration ] * v / | Loss -of Cholinergic _nerve_cells l A s s _ Loss of memory, function _and_ cognition : v -_ Alzheimer's Disease _| CT - -© Forgetfulness or _Albsent minckseb ~~ © Confusion with Time -@ locaton ————__________——~ © Memory lose ________ — © Tiritobitity 2. Depescion © (Anxiety OO _ . OO ©, Oiuty with tie ~~ © Unnecessary Arguing — Aspiration Pneumonia Falls Fractures Bedsores. Malnutrition= ee ~® Define Parlnsan's Disease (Tn Iett,— > Tn_tert, British Physician Dr- james Porkingon_publishe a case ___series_desetbing _d__pragressive_ewnlogic_cisarcer_calteal_Patkinsonism _ | Class of contoi_of _mavemnent ) _@ | Parkinson's. oacus eaten nop fbn —_| Environmental Factors | [Genetic Factors ae yp _ [eetivior “changes |_| Formation of Lewy bodies b | In_fesidval_ nevron&y, ‘ : [ Progressive degeneration of : L dopaminergic neurons « | a v a | Parkinson's “Disense | I | t® Explain tre pohapnysilagy of Rep Utero ——— © Peptic uler is defined ox a Ee pe aes oul ——fe_deueopes in the inside lining of esophagus ,stamach_os __* ——.duodenum due to increased amount _of ps Hep eR fei n_buring stomach pain — a =e saya ree ype ——— ane les: - _ _ Esophageal Ulcer i . Ulees 7 7 — eth Pues affect ‘the ecg betes—~T — Biology : —— peices ee el \iiamadio = eee _e|NsaiDs like Aspisin_. ibuprofen ef, o| @ ‘Radiotherapy a a © {Alcoholism 7 : © Comes of stomach st Decrease_in defensive factors like ‘ Bicarbonate , Mucoug Loyer ; s Frostaglandin_, Mucosa! blood fiow Y Therease_in aggresive factors like He Pyles, NSAIDs , Bile ciel : fepsins, Srnoking etc. _é v . : 7 | Excecsive Secretion of HCI a —— [Datease_mucue serion | 3 = t ‘[Breakclown of _mucug_membrane. Acid_enters into gastric mocosa_| Gastric Ulers_| ese on = _ © Heartbu: — : 3 __ : | O— = | Dark _| Black _stoa!_ © Deserve the pathophysiology cf’ diferent be. ____tton_deficienay Anemia, _megoloblastic_anaemia, sickle _cell_anaemia_« © Angemia is defined 0% _feduced haemogtabin Concentration _in_blood below the lower limit of normal _ —— © Haemoglobin value plays the _mojar stl. c_ determining whelnexr — _—the_anaemia_is_present_os_not-. -Sign & Symptoms —__©|Shoriness_af breath Tae Henrthent | Chest Poin Headaches Pole_ckin {Cold hands 2 fee}ciate a __@ Heart Problema a a __© Tcteased tisk_of infection —= © Developmental delay in children ee —_ nee © Pregnancy complicoong __¢ Depression aS - “Treatment : a [ # Cral_farmuation_ of iron o Lil Biology 7 os © luiomin Bn Defiieny. Tt ocua due te _distubance fo the i tsorbticn of vitamin Bin 4 leads to __ ee gt “OF pam aadeiaPathogenesis _ - L Gastric Atrophy i - - 2 a | a - = _ ‘ —_ _ a Reducecl_Thtrinsic_Factos Secretion | - | a 7 = y 7 — _ : Failure of absorbtion of dietary a Vitamin Bia ® ' _ e [Deficiency of Vitamin Bn_| 7 | v [ Megalablastic:Anaemia. |... =. Sign & ‘Symptoms ~ © | Weakness a © |Shortness of breath a © {Pale skin _ © {Trrequiar _Heartbent @'Diorhoes © !Nouseq — eeo [beta-globin chain_, the aminoacid -glutamic_acid Is replace — _ aaee Yer Pathogenesis |Sickle cell disease is_eauseel_by ctv inte _lencodes_the beta-globin chain Of haemoglobin matewle. The_mutoion tesults inthe farmation of side haemagin_ (Becouse OF a single base-pair pointmutahon_In_ tes |b -voline at positon 6 of bela globin molecule, _fesviting in — the Sonmation of Hbs bs_puynatzaion auses_anfyle siting leaiing fo — Sign € Symptoms, _ aaa HETHANK IE ORICHOOSING|IMPEREECT/PHARMACY/ASY OURISTUDYIPARTNER, A> lupenrecl CETTE Ina? © TERT | > JRIMPERFEC T2PHARMACY,