Introduction To Python

Python is an easy to learn, powerful programming

language. It has efficient high-level data structures
and a simple but effective approach to object-
oriented programming. Python’s elegant syntax and
dynamic typing, together with its interpreted nature,
make it an ideal language for scripting and rapid
application development in many areas on most
platforms.
The Python interpreter and the extensive standard
library are freely available in source or binary form
for all major platforms from the Python web site, and
may be freely distributed. The same site also
contains distributions of and pointers to many free
third party Python modules, programs and tools,
and additional documentation.
The Python interpreter is easily extended with new
functions and data types implemented in C or C++
(or other languages callable from C). Python is also
suitable as an extension language for customizable
application.
Advantages of python
1. Free and Open Source
Python language is freely available at the official
website and you can download it from the given
download link below click on the Download
Python keyword. Since it is open-source, this
means that source code is also available to the
public. So you can download it, use it as well as
share it.

2. EASY TO CODE
Python basics in Python is a high-level
programming language. Python is very easy to
learn the language as compared to other
languages like C, C#, Javascript, Java, etc. It is
very easy to code in the Python language and
anybody can learn a few hours or days. It is also a
developer-friendly language.

3. EASY TO READ

As you will see, learning Python is quite simple. As

was already established, Python’s syntax is really
straightforward. The code block is defined by the
indentations rather than by semicolons or brackets.
4. OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE
One of the key features of Python is Object-
Oriented programming. Python supports object-
oriented language and concepts of classes, object
encapsulation, etc.

5. GUI PROGRAMMING SUPPORT

Graphical User interfaces can be made using a
module such as PyQt5, PyQt4, wxPython, or Tk in
Python. PyQt5 is the most popular option for
creating graphical apps with Python.

6. HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
Python is a high-level language. When we write
programs in Python, we do not need to remember
the system architecture, nor do we need to manage
the memory.

7. LARGE COMMUNITY SUPPORT

Python has gained popularity over the years. Our
questions are constantly answered by the
enormous Stack Overflow community. These
websites have already provided answers to many
questions about Python, so Python users can
consult them as needed.
 Features of python

Interpreted - an interpreter processes the

source file at runtime, it reads the lines of code one
by one and performs what is said. Similarly to Perl
and PHP, Python does not require that you compile
your program before executing it. So, you do not
have to invoke a compiler. Instead of running the
compiler that helps turn source files into compiled
class files, you simply run a .py file. Python byte
code compilation is automatic and entirely implicit.

High-level - Python relies on easy-to-read

structures that are later translated into a low-level
language, the original code that is run on a
computer’s central processing unit (CPU). A high-
level language is intended to be used by a
programmer and the written code is further
interpreted into a low-level language. Like C++ or
Java, before running, Python has to be processed.
This enables Python’s portability — it can run on
different kinds of computers with nearly no
modifications.

General-purpose - Python can be used for

nearly everything. It is applicable to almost every
field for a variety of tasks. Be it the execution of
such short-term tasks as software testing or long-
term product development that involves roadmap
planning, Python works well for them all, it is
applicable all over the map. Its roles are unlimited.
It is popular not only among software engineers, but
also among specialists in other fields: mathematics,
data analysis, science, accounting, and network
engineering. Likewise, Python cliques with young
people because it’s a very beginner-friendly
scripting language

Portability-Many other languages, including

C/C++, demand that user must change their code
to run on different platforms. Python, on the
contrary, is not equivalent to other programming
languages. It only needs to be written once, and
then it can be run anywhere. However, the user
should avoid involving any system-dependent
features.

Object-oriented – this programming paradigm

gives an overall orientation towards scripting and
powerful code structuring. This object-oriented approach
allows thinking of problems in terms of classes and
objects. Then, objects are composed in such a way to
make up complex computer programs. Beside the object-
oriented programming, Python also supports a
procedural paradigm. With OOP being only one of the
options, you can make Python programming more
advanced by going for an object-oriented programming
approach. Developers can create reusable patterns of
code thus curtailing redundancy in development projects.
 Introduction of csv

Despite this drawback, CSV remains widespread in data

applications and is widely supported by a variety of
software, including common spreadsheet applications
such as Microsoft excel. Benefits cited in favor of CSV
include
human readability and the simplicity of the format.
Comma-separated values (CSV) is a text file format that
uses commas to separate values. A CSV file
stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, where
each line of the file typically represents one data record.
Each record consists of the same number of fields,
and these are separated by commas in the CSV file. If
the field delimiter itself may appear within a field, fields
can be surrounded with quotation marks delimite .
The CSV file format is one type of r-separated file
format. Delimiters frequently used include the
comma, tab, space, and semicolon. Delimiter-separated
files are often given a ".csv" extension even when the
field separator is not a comma. Many applications or
libraries that consume or produce CSV files have options
to specify an alternative delimiter.
The lack of adherence to the CSV standard RFC 4180
necessitates the support for a variety of CSV formats in
data input software.
 Features of csv

• Easy to organize and edit - CSV files

are editable and the changes are not locked, unless of
course a user locks a certain set of cells from editing.
The good news is that unlike PDF downloads of
spreadsheet data, CSVs can be changed later.

• Utilized by many different

business software programs - Many
types of enterprise software programs rely on CSV
imports for on boarding user data. At the same time,
plenty of programs have CSVs as their main output for
reports.

• Used by major spreadsheet

applications - When you use CSV files, you can
edit and create them in Microsoft Excel or Google
Sheets
 Data Visualisation

"A picture is worth a thousand words". Most of us are

familiar with this expression. Data visualization plays an
essential role in the representation of both small and
large-scale data. It especially applies when trying to
explain the analysis of increasingly large datasets. Data
visualization is the discipline of trying to expose the data
to understand it by placing it in a visual context. Its main
goal is to distill large datasets into visual graphics to
allow for easy understanding of complex relationships
within the data. Several data visualization libraries are
available in Python, namely Matplotlib, Seaborn, and
Folium etc.
 Advantages of data
visualisation

Better agreement –
In business numerous a period it happens that we need
to look at the exhibitions of two components or two
situations. A conventional methodology is to experience
the massive information of both the circumstances and
afterward examine it. This clearly will kill a great deal of
time.

A superior method –
It can tackle the difficulty of placing the information of
both perspectives into the pictorial structure. This will
unquestionably give a superior comprehension of the
circumstances. For instance, Google patterns assist us
with understanding information identified with top
ventures or inquiries in pictorial or graphical
structures.

Simple sharing of data –

With the representation of the information,
organizations present another arrangement of the
correspondence. Rather than sharing the cumbersome
information, sharing the visual data will draw in and
pass on across the data which is more absorbable .

Adjustment of information –
The solid purpose of information perception is that the
information based on which the data is introduced in a
visual configuration can be changed or altered along
these lines giving a possibility for the business
personals to build up a better correspondence with the
crowd.

Deals investigation –
With the assistance of information representation, a
salesman can without much of a stretch comprehend
the business chart of items. With information perception
instruments like warmth maps, he will have the option
to comprehend the causes that are pushing the
business numbers up just as the reasons that are
debasing the business numbers. Information
representation helps in understanding the patterns and
furthermore different variables like sorts of clients keen
on purchasing, rehash clients, the impact of
topography, and so forth.
ADVANTAGES OF SQL

HIGH SPEED
Using the SQL queries, the user can quickly and efficiently
retrieve a large amount of records from a database.In the
standard SQL, it is very easy to manage the database
system. It doesn't require a substantial amount of code to
manage the database system

INTERACTIVE LANGUAGE
SQL is a domain language used to communicate with the
database. It is also used to receive answers to the complex
questions in seconds

MULTIPLE DATA VIEW

Using the SQL language, the users can make different
views of the database structure.
 Matplotlib Library

Matplotlib has a variety of graphical feature and is very

easy to understand. This article focuses on different
graphical features including syntax.
Matplotlib is one of the best visualisation libraries in
python for 2 Dimensional datasets. This library is built on
NumPy arrays. John Hunter invented this library in the
year 2002. It made the plotting simpler and more
effective, also made it very easy to generate
visualisations. This library supports both static as well as
dynamic plotting, and can save images in multiple formats
like jpg, png, pdf etc.,

Matplotlib has different types of plots like scatter plot,

histogram, bar plot, line plot, pie chart, and many more.
The beauty of this library is each part of the plot is
customisable including axes, size, titles, colours,
legends, markers, size, line etc.

The interface of this library is very similar to that of

MATLAB and includes most of the features that are
similar to MATLAB. This could be one of the reasons for
the name matplotlib as this is been considered as an
open-source replacement for MATLAB involves licenses
and added cost.
 Benefits of Matplotlib

WIDE RANGE OF PLOTS

We can create a line plot, a scatter plot, a bar plot, a histogram,
a 3D plot, and a polar plot through the matplotlib library. In the
code below, we use plt.tight_layout() to adjust the
layout of subplots to avoid overlapping. These plots help us
visualize data in two-dimension and three-dimension as well.

INTERACTIVE PLOTS
Matplotlib's animation module allows users to create
interactive and dynamic visualizations, perfect for showcasing
time-based data or data with changing characteristics. The
resulting interactive plot showcases the sine wave shifting
horizontally, and the title dynamically changes to indicate the
current iteration.

INTEGRATION WITH NUMPY AND PANDAS

We can integrate NumPy and Pandas, allowing users to create
plots directly from NumPy arrays or Pandas DataFrame. If
users are working with different libraries, they will prefer using
Matplotlib for feasibility. In the code below, we create the data
through NumPy and introduce Pandas DataFrame. From this,
we plotted the graph
 INTRODUCTION OF
SQL

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a language

to operate databases; it includes Database
Creation, Database Deletion, Fetching Data Rows,
Modifying & Deleting Data rows, etc.
SQL stands for Structured Query Language which is a
computer language for storing, manipulating and
retrieving data stored in a relational database.
SQL was developed in the 1970s by IBM Computer
Scientists and became a standard of the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and
the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) in 1987.
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a language
to operate databases; it includes Database
Creation, Database Deletion, Fetching Data Rows,
Modifying & Deleting Data rows, etc.
SQL stands for Structured Query Language which is a
computer language for storing, manipulating and
retrieving data stored in a relational database.
SQL was developed in the 1970s by IBM Computer
Scientists and became a standard of the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and
The International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) in 1987.
Business Management

The process of managing the overall functions of a

business is called business management. These
functions include planning, organizing, and directing a
company’s resources to improve efficiency and achieve
business goals. Business management is an umbrella
term that encompasses the management of various
business departments and activities. This includes
finance, human resources, sales and marketing, and
administration.In addition to this, effective business
management also requires adapting to changing
business trends and industry requirements. It furthermore
includes fostering strong relationships with customers
and service providers and promoting a positive workplace
culture. To sum up, business management is about
understanding and managing business activities to
improve business growth and revenue.
 Objectives

• Environmental friendly methods of production

• Giving employment opportunities to the
disadvantaged sections of society
• Providing basic amenities like schools and crèches to
employees

• Competitive salaries and perks

• Peer recognition
• personal growth and development

• Survival: The basic objective of any business is

survival. In order to survive, an organization must
earn enough revenues to cover costs.
• Profit: Management has to ensure that the
organization makes a profit. Profit provides a vital
incentive for the continued successful operation of
the enterprise.
• Growth: To remain in the industry, management
must exploit fully the growth potential of the
organization. There are many indicators of growth
such as sales volume, increase in the of employee
count, the number of products or the increase in
capital investment
CREATING TABLE IN
CSV
 IMPORTING FILE IN
CSV

import pandas as pd

df=pd.read_csv("D:\\pywork\\manager.csv")

print(df)
 CSV TO DATAFRAME
PRODUCTION TABLE

import pandas as pd

d1={"ITEM_NO":1221,"ITEM_NAME":"BUTTER","QUANTITY":1000}

d2={"ITEM_NO":1222,"ITEM_NAME":"SUGAR","QUANTITY":20000}

d3={"ITEM_NO":1223,"ITEM_NAME":"MILK","QUANTITY":50000}

d4={"ITEM_NO":1224,"ITEM_NAME":"NUTS","QUANTITY":200}

d5={"ITEM_NO":1225,"ITEM_NAME":"COCOA
POWDER","QUANTITY":10000}

df=[d1,d2,d3,d4,d5]

productiontable=pd.DataFrame(df)

print(productiontable)

productiontable.to_csv("D:\\pywork\\productiontable.csv")
 INSERTING NEW
COLUMN
MANAGER TABLE

import pandas as pd

df=pd.read_csv("D:\\pywork\\manager.csv")

df.insert(7,column="BONUS",value="10%")

print(df)
 DELETING A ROW
MANAGER TABLE

import pandas as pd

df=pd.read_csv("D:\\pywork\\manager.csv")

df=df.drop(df.index[5])

print(df)
 GRAPH
REPRESENTATION
MANAGER TABLE

Line graph ---

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

manager=pd.read_csv("D:\\pywork\\manager.csv",skiprows=1,names
=["MANAGER_ID","FIRST_NAME","LAST_NAME","HIRE_DATE","SALA
RY","DEPARTMENT"])

manager.plot(x="MANAGER_ID",y="SALARY",kind="line")

plt.show()
BAR GRAPH ---

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

manager=pd.read_csv("D:\\pywork\\manager.csv",skiprows=1,names
=["MANAGER_ID","FIRST_NAME","LAST_NAME","HIRE_DATE","SALA
RY","DEPARTMENT"])

manager.plot(x="MANAGER_ID",y="SALARY",kind="bar")

plt.show()
PIE CHART----

import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

manager=pd.read_csv("D:\\pywork\\manager.csv",skiprows=1,names
=["MANAGER_ID","FIRST_NAME","LAST_NAME","HIRE_DATE","SALA
RY","DEPARTMENT"])

manager.plot(x="MANAGER",y="SALARY",kind="pie")

plt.show()
 Conclusion

Business Management helps you to manage your

business in a way that allows you to understand what is
going on a daily basis, the direction it is taking, how well
it is following the path you set for it and, finally, how well
the risks and complexities of conducting business are
being managed. The Business Management concepts
help to highlight areas you can focus on to ensure you
understand how to minimize avoidable errors. For
Instance, by effectively managing your communications
you understand the true meaning of what you are trying
to communicate is being understood in the way you
intended. This then ensures you understand your clients’
needs more accurately. By understanding your client
base better allows you to grow your business more
sustainably.
By understanding the various concepts highlighted you
can ensure you know which management aspects are
your strengths and which are your weaknesses. This
helps you focus on the problems areas and over time
ensures your business is growing in a balanced way. By
understanding which management areas to focus on
helps to ensure when your company hits critical mass it
does not fail because you did not factor in a business
management area. For instance, your clients’ experience
with your company is the same as when you first set it up.
For example, Project Management allows you to
understand how to deliver your projects on time, on
budget and up to the quality standards expected on
regular basis. Marketing Management will ensure you
stay in touch with the evolving needs of your clients.
Financial management will ensure your company has a
secure financial base to grow from. Strategy will ensure
you understand what you trying to achieve, how
effectively it is being realized and why you are having any
problems, if you are having any.
 SYSTEM
IMPLEMENTATION

Software required:---
1.Operating system:
2.Platform:
3.Database:
4.Language:

Hardware required:---
1.Processor
2Hard Disk
3.RAM
4.PC