Thiet-Ke-He-Thong-Nhung - Introduction - To - Rtos - m1 - (Cuuduongthancong - Com)

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Introduction to RTOS
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CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
About SwiftACT
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• A Technology services startup company
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o Under establishment
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• Areas of specialties:
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o Mobile telecommunication services development
Embedded systems development
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• Types of services:
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o Consultation
o Managed services
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o Sourcing
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o Training
Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

About Me
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• Graduated 2004
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o ECE, ASU: 5 yrs distinction
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• 5+ years in embedded systems development
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o SDLC, Apps, MW, DD, Porting, ...
• 3+ years in SW engineering
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PSP, CMMI, Systematic reuse, ...
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• 3+ years in SW testing ng
o IBM certified, ISTQB certified, ...
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Copyright
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• Materials in this course is the property of Amr Ali Abdel-Naby.
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• Reproduction or transmission of the materials in any manner
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without the copyright owner permission is a law violation.
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Outline
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•
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Introduction
• Tasks
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• Semaphores
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• Message Queues
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• Other Kernel Objects
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• Other Kernel Services o ng
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Outline
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•
.c
Introduction
• Tasks
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• Semaphores
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• Message Queues
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• Other Kernel Objects
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• Other Kernel Services o ng
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Brief History of Operating Systems
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• Programs of primitive times
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o Tight integration of SW + HW Low portability
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o Difficult and costly to maintain
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Modularity ng GPOS
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Abstraction Evolution of OS
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Interconnectivity RTOS

RTOS vs. GPOS
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• RTOS == GPOS • RTOS != GPOS
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o Multitasking o More reliable
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o SW + HW management o Scalable
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o HW abstraction o Faster
o Reduced memory needs
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o ROM or RAM bootable
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o Portable
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GPOS or RTOS for embedded
systems
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• GPOS can run on embedded systems with high memory and soft
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real-time requirements.
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• RTOS is more suitable for low memory and hard real-time
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requirements.
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• Many embedded systems run without RTOS!
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RTOS Definition
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• A program that schedules
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Application
execution in a timely manner,
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manages system resources,
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RTOS
and provides a consistent
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foundation for developing Network File
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Systems
application code. Protocols
ng Kernel
C/C++
• A kernel is the RTOS heart.
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Library Other
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Device Components
Drivers
• Kernel = Scheduler + Objects
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+ Services
Hardware

Scheduler
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• Which task will run next?
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o Scheduler has the answer.
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• Scheduler = Scheduling algorithm + Dispatcher
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Scheduling Algorithm
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• AKA scheduling policy
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• Most kernels support:
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o Preemptive priority based algorithm
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o Round-Robin algorithm
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Preemptive priority Round-Robin
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based algorithm algorithm
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T3
Priority Priority T4
T2 T2
T1 T1 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2
Time Time

Dispatcher
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• Performs context switch
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• Lets see an example of a context switch.
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o Click Here
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Objects
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• Building blocks for system development
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• Most common objects are:
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o Tasks
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o Semaphores
Message queues
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Services
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• They perform operations on objects.
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• Or provide other operations like:
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o Timer management
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o Interrupt handling
Device I/O
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o Memory management ng
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C/Cs of RTOS
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• Reliability
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• Predictability
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• Performance
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• Compactness
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• Scalability
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Reliability
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• How long systems can operate without human interaction?
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• Different reliability may be required.
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• Reliable system = Available and does not fail
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• Measured by downtime per year
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Predictability
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• Real-time System = Correct functionality + Correct timing
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• Predictable RTOS = Deterministic RTOS
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o Completion of OS calls occurs within known timeframes.
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o Variance in response times is very small.
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Performance
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• RTS must be fast enough.
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• CPU performance is measured in MIPS.
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• Throughput measures overall system performance.
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o SW + HW
o Rate of generating output by a system
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o Measured in bps
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• WCET of a RTS must be known.

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o RTOS per se does not specify performance.

Compactness
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• Embedded systems have constrained memory.
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• RTOS must be small and efficient.
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• Designers must understand both the static and dynamic memory
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consumption of the RTOS and the application that will run on it.
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Scalability
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• RTOS is used in a variety of systems.
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• They should scale up or down to meet different requirements.
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• Modular deign of RTOS aids scalability.
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Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

• WCET of a RTS must be known.

o RTOS per se does not specify performance.

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

Amr Ali Abdel-Naby@2010 Introduction to RTOS

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