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Me contains aera — > emyuymtd > ee al.atg wie cowutals obe- ay a Aa cramine ak 0 Aeneas sate: —— it af ower Avot valetien hia denen a atk ‘Inert Suet Sake — one _la prnsuannptine Bark 2 accom? ctl os Ae a Lond sto pschiclea_yoston. weban abe, abou, ~avalyalh Rewngbiones , er 2st. an axpund HAL ‘soge: ath ab Bee A0_leh Yo. le ten ee— ; _ Suwbaht : yw who. tom Re oxsts_alnerd” lmsMEDICO-LEGAL SIGNIFICANCE They indicates site of impact and direction of force. They may be the only external science of serious internal injury. Pattern abrasions are helpful in connecting the crime with the object which produce them. The age of the injury can be known. In open wounds, dirt, dust, grease or grit are usually present which may connect the injuries to the scene of crime. Manner of injury may be known from its distribution In throttling, curved abrasion duc to finger-nails are found on the neck. In smothering, abrasions may be seen around the mouth and the nose. In sexual assaults, abrasions may be found on the breasts, genitals, inside of the thighs and around the anus. Abrasions on the face or body of the assailant indicate a struggle.Antemortem vs. postmortem bruise frait rime swelling Damage to epithelium Size Extravasations of blood Site Tissue underlying bruise Histological finding Solor changes hemical finding AM Bruise During life Present Present Proportion to force used More Anywhere Tissue stains are permanent Inflammatory reaction present Seen Enzymatic reactions PM Bruise Within 2-3 hrs after death Absent Absent Small Less Bony prominence Stains not permanent Absent Always dull bluish Absent& - 4 A % QS > & % ° Grievous hurt According to Section 320 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860, a "grievous hurt" refers to any injury that is severe enough to endanger the life of the victim or to cause him/her to suffer permanent disfigurement, the lass of a limb, or impairment of any of the senses, organs or body parts. The IPC further specifies several types of injuries that can be classified as grievous hurt, including: Emasculation - the removal of the male genitalia. Permanent privation of the sight of either eye. Permanent privation of the hearing of either ear. Privation of any member or joint. Destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or joint. Any hurt which endangers life or which causes the victim to bein severe bodily pain or unable to follow his ordinary pursuits for a period of twenty days or more. Ifa person causes grievous hurt to another person, he/she can be charged under Section 325 or Section 326 of the IPC, dependingon the severity of the injury caused. The punishment for causing grievous hurt can range from imprisonment for up to seven years to imprisonment for life, depending on the circumstances of the case.Injuries due to lightning * Injuries due to lightning occur when a person is struck by lightning, which is a discharge of electricity in the atmosphere that can occur during thunderstorms. Lightning injuries can range from mild to severe, and can be fatal in some cases. + Lightning can cause a range of injuries, including: * Burns:- lightning can cause burns to the skin, which can be severe and may require medical attention. * Neurological effects:- lightning can cause neurological effects such as loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, and seizures, Cardiac arrest:- lightning can cause cardiac arrest, which Is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment, Traumatic injuries:- lightning strikes can cause traumatic injuries such as fractures, blunt force injuries, and lacerations.Simple injury e¢ Asimple injury is a minor or non-serious injury that typically does not require extensive medical treatment or result in long-term disability or impairment. Examples of simple injuries may include minor cuts, bruises, strains, or sprains. These injuries usually heal on their own over time or may require simple first aid measures such as cleaning the wound, applying a bandage, or resting the affected body part.hypothermia Hypothermia is a condition that occu the body's temperature drops below to prolonged exposure to cold Irs when / normal nperatures. Symptoms Include shivering onfusion, and loss of consciousnessTrench foot e Trench foot, also known as immersion foot, is a condition that occurs when the feet are exposed to cold and wet conditions for a prolonged period of time. It was first recognized during World War |, where soldiers who spent long periods of time in trenches developed the condition. e Trench foot is caused by the prolonged exposure of the feet to damp, cold conditions, which can cause damage to the blood vessels and nerves in the feet. Symptoms of trench foot may include numbness, tingling, redness, swelling, blisters, and a prickly or burning sensation in the feet.Types of Burns e First-degree burns: affect only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis), causing redness, pain, and swelling. e Second-degree burns: affect the epidermis and the underlying layer of skin (dermis), causing blisters, severe pain, and swelling. Third-degree burns: affect all layers of the skin, as well as the underlying tissues and organs, causing a charred or white appearance, numbness, and shock.Medico Legal Importance e Insummary, there are many types of injuries that are of interest in medical jurisprudence, and each can provide valuable information in legal cases. Forensic medical professionals use their expertise in anatomy, physiology, and pathology to help determine the cause and manner of injuries, which can be used to help solve crimes, provide , evidencein civil cases, and inform public policy.