OBJECTIVE PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE Principal Value of an Invers Trigonometric Function _ To find the principal value of the function sin“! x using 1a unit circle. * Unit circle: A unit circle is a circle with unit radius. List of the domain and range of inverse trigonometric functions. Function Domain ‘Range (Principal values) sin x Gu [-w2, w2} cost x ta, 0 (0, m) tant x R (m2, 2 cot x R (0, x) sect x R-(1,0 (0, m] - (2) cosec! x R-(41,0 (we, w2} - (0) @ MATERIALS REQUIRED * Cardboard + White chart paper © Ruler © Steel wires PROCEDURE. 1, Take a cardboard o tx, tan"! x, cosec"! x lie in (1/2, 0), (i) cos x, cot" x, sec"! x lie in (w2, n), 2. Draw a unit circle with centre O on it, the inverse trigonometric function exists, Values of sin? x, cost x, tan-l x, cot x, see! x, cosee! x will lie in (0, 2. If is negative and the inverse trigonometric function Practical workbook Rails Adhesive Needle ete. fa convenient size and paste a white chart Paper on it. Scanned with CamScanner then the principal we). exists, then the principal values of:"PRINCIPAL VALUE OF AN INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION 2 8. Through the centre of the circle, draw two mutually perpendicular lines XOX and YOY’ representing x-axis and y-axis, respectively ref. Fig. 4.1. Y 20,1) Fig. 4.1 4, Mark the points P, Q, R and S, where the circle cuts the x-axis and y-axis, respectively ref. Fig. 4.1. 5. Fix two rails on opposite sides of the cardboard which are parallel to the y-axis. Fix one steel wire between the rails such that the wire can be moved parallel to the x-axis ref. Fig. 4.2. Fig. 4.2 6. Take a needle of unit length. Fix one end of it at the centre of the circle and the other end to move freely along the circle ref. Fig. 4. DEMONSTRATION, 1. Keep the needle at an arbitrary angle, say 0, with the positive direction of x-axis. Measure of the angle in radian is equal to the length of intercepted arc of the unit circl 2, Slide the steel wire between the rails, parallel to the x-axis such that the wire meets with free end of the needle Tr, (ref. Fig. 4.2). Scanned with CamScanner8. Denote the y-coordinate of the point T, as y,, where y, is the perpendicular distance of steel wire from the x-axis of the unit circle giving y, = sin x,. 4, Rotate the needle further anticlockwise and keep it at the angle n — x,. Find the value of y-coordinate of intersecting point T, with the help of sliding steel wire. Value of y-coordinate for the points P, and P, ¥ = sin x, and y, = sin (n ~ x,) 5. are same for the different value of angles, ‘This demonstrates that sine function is not one-to-one for angles considered in the first and second quadrants. 6. Keep the needle at angles to the x-axis, demonstrate function is not one-to-one =, and (Cn +x), respectively. By sliding down the steel wire parallel that y-coordinate for the points T,, and T, are the same and thus sine for points considered in Srd and 4th quadrants as shown in Fig, 4.2. 1. the y-coordinate of the points T and T, However, 1, are different. Move the needle in anticlockwise direction starting from ca to 5 and look at the behaviour of y-coordinates of points Ty, Ty 7, and T, by sliding the steel wire parallel to the x-axis accordingly. The y-coordinate of points Ty, Ty T; and Ty are different (ref. Fig. 4.3) Henee, sine function is one-to-one in the domain [ ‘| and its range lies between —1 and 1, Fig. 4.3 x . Keep the needle at any arbitrary angle a (say) lying in the interval [3.3] and denote the 2°2 ycoordinate of the intersecting point P, as y (ref, Fig. 4.4), Then y = sin @ or 0 = are sin) as sine function is one-one and onto in the domain [- 3| and range [-1, 1]. So, its inverse 2°2. vee are sine function exist. The domain of arc sine funetion is [-1, 1) and Tange is [ Scanned with CamScannerOBSERVATIONS 1. Sine function is non-negative in wand 2. For the quadrants 3rd and 4th, sine function is... one quadrants. 3. = are siny => y= 4, The other domains of sine function on which it is one-one and onto provides are sine function. PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE. ‘This activity can be used for finding the principal value of are cosine function (cos y). RESULT. We have found the principal value of the function sin! x using a unit circle. N N STUDENT ACTIVITY. To find the principal value of the function tan x, Wh Scanned with CamScannerpenViva Voce . Find the principal value of cos”! (- 4) Ca 31 because “F ¢ 10, n) and cos” 5% = _ eng % = 1 27 gE , because —Te(=*, 4) 3 2 and tan( =) -vB. |. Find the principal value of xB dein 2-3 and sin 5=75 ee 3° b2'2. Q. 6. Write the principal value of ~(o(®) (03) -m og Ans. cos #] (0, eo €[0, land cost =>) Scanned with CamScanner