Project Report On “Net-Banking Integrated With E-Seva” Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the avvard of the degree of Bachelor in Technology Computer Seience And Engineering Submited by BSIVA KUMAR (07BEIA0S40) Under the Guidance of Mrs.CHOPPALA KALYANI DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER St IENCE AND ENGINEERING KRISHNAMURTHY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING (Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to JNTU+ 'YDERABAD) Edulabad (village), Ghatkesar (Mandal), RR DistCollege Code : BE EAMCET CODE : KITE al KRISHNA MURTHY WEE yy < INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING LY SY 5, No. 208 99, Edvlabad Vilage, Ghetkeoar Mandal, Ranga Reddy Dist. 601 901. Ph 03415-20030 CERTIFICATE Certified that this project entitled-Net-Banking Integrated with E-seva” is genuine work submitted byB.Siva Kumar bearing Hall Ticket No. 07BE1A0540, a student of TV Year TI Semester Branch, towards partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of B.Tech Degree in Computer Science & Engineering specialization. BOK Abe “lun Internal Guide Head of the Department CHOPPALA KALYANI NMS DESAI HEAD Department of CSE ‘Krishna Murthy Institute of Date: Wacb. & Eoge. City Office: # 1-7-973, Har Hara Estate, Opp. ISI, Steet No.8, Habsiguda, Hyderabad - 07 Tel. : O40-27170462, 32470044S10: 1887 4th Floor, Chandraick Complex, ‘Secunderabad - 500 003 INFORMATICS LIMITED ‘AP (INDIA) Kn 80 9004-2000 Genified Organization ww.emies@emtes.com, website : cmtes.con Phone :91 -40-27721610/ 27720586 MEMBER OF HYDERABAD SOFTWARE EXPORTERS ASSOCIATION Fax :91-40- 27811230 4480 9001 - 2000 Date: 17.07.2010 CERTIFICATE ‘This is to certify that Mr. B. Siva Kumar, has successfully completed the project titled “Net Banking Integrated with E-Seva” in this organization from 05" June 2010 to 0S" July 2010. ‘The project was completed to our satisfaction and he showed keen interest and was dedicated to the project during the above period. We place our appreciation on records for his best efforts. Further we would like to inform you that parting of source code is in violation of contract that we have entered with our client, as such we are not ina posil.on to part with source code. For CMTES Informatics Ltd., For CMTES Informatics Ltd., (eee G. Venu Gopal GM. Projects Project Guide Software Development - Export Unit Importer - Exporter Code No. 0900012650ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ‘The successful completion of the technical report though it was an arduous task it has been made by the help of many people we are placed to express my thanks to the people whose suggestions, comments, criticisms greatly encouraged us in the better of the project. extend my sincere thanks to Dr.S.F.KODAD, Principal, Krishna Murthy Institute of Technology and Engineering College, Ghatkesar, for support in completion of this project | extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr.NM.S DESAI, Head of the Dept, CSE, Krishna Murthy Institute of Technology and Engineering College, Ghatkesar, for support in completion of this project: | take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my project guideMrs.CHOPPALA KALYANI, Asst Professor for her efficient guidance, support and encouragement throughout the project. | take privilege expressing our gratitude to all the staif of CSE department, KITE, Ghatkesar, for their support and their suggestions. B.SIVA KUMARBSTRACT “Net Banking Integrated with E-seva " is « wed based application developed for the customers of a bank with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. This system provides all the banking ities to its customers when their authentications [user id and password] match, including Balance Enquiry, Funds Transfer to another account in the same bank, Request for cheque book. Mini statements (Viewing Moathly and annual statements), giving the customer an option of changing address, paying E- seva bills on-line and password retrieval.Content INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introduetion to project 1.2. Organization profile 1.3. Purpose of the project SYSTEM ANALYSIS |. Introduetion 2. Analysis mode! 3. Study of the system 2.4, Hardware and Software Specifications 2.5. Existing System 2.6, Proposed System FEASIBILITY REPORT 3.1, Technical Feasi lity 3.2, Operational Feasibility 3.3. Economic Feasibility SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS 4.1. Functional Requirements 4.2, Nonfunctional Requirements 43. Performance Requirements 1 1 a 07 “7 08 09 095, SYSTEM DEVELOPEMENT ENVIRONMENT 5.1, Overview of Java 5.2, Java Data Base Connectivity 53, HTML 54. Microsoft Access 55. Java Server Pages (Jsp) 6. SYSTEM DESIGN 6.1, Introduction 62. ER Diagrams 63. UML Diagrams 6.3.1. Class Diagram 633.2. Sequence Diagrams 6.3.3. Use Case Diagrams 63.4. Activity Diagram 7. IMPLEMENTATION AND CODING 7.1. Module Deseription 8 OUTPUT SCREENS 9, TESTING 9.1, Implementation and Maintenance 92. Test Cases 10, CONCLUSION 11, FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS 12, BIBLIOGRAPHY 39 40 4 2 44 45 45 46 55 63 641, INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT In today's world of emerging technologies, enterprises are moving towards the Intemet for businesses. People are rushing towards the e-commerce applications for their day-today needs, which in tum are making the Internet very popular, Online Banking has given both an opportunity and a challenge to traditional banking, In the fast growing world, banking is a necessity, which in turn takes a lot of time from our busy schedule. Going to a branch or ATM or paying bills by paper check and mailing them out, and balancing checkbooks are all time- consuming tasks. Banking online automates many of these processes, saving time and money. For all banks, online banking is a powerful tool to gain new customers while it helps to climinates costly paper handling and manual teller interactions in an increasingly competitive banking environment, Banks have spent generations gaining trust of their customers, and the goal for this project is to develop a user friendly, secure Online Banking Application. The application will be built using Java Server Pages (JSP), tomcat as the application server, and Microsoft Access / SQL Server as a database. 1.2 ORGANIZATION PROFILE, CMTES is a2 a Registered Software Exporters Association(HYSEA). year-old organization. CMTES is an [SO 9001:2000 Certified Organization, and Init of Software Technology Parks of India(STPI)., Member of Hyderabad With the state-of-the-art infrastructure and well qualified & experienced team of more than 250 skilled IT profes The company offers services such as application development, software maintenance, intemal jonals, CMTES can be trusted to deliver the right solutions to all its customers. consulting and establishing software centers for a wide range of clients. Its domain expertise lies in developing and maintaining machine critical systems particularly in financial and management systems.1.3 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ‘The Traditional way of maintaining details of a user in a bank was to enter the details and record them, Every time the user needs to perform some transactions he has to go to bank and perform the necessary actions, which may not be so feasible all the time, It may be a hard-hitting task for the users and the bankers too. The project gives real lift understanding of Internet banking and activities performed by various roles in the supply chain. Here, we provide an automation for banking system through Intemet. Intemet banking system project captures activities performed by different roles in real life banking which provides enhanced techniques for maintaining the required information up-to-date, which results in efficiency. The project gives real life understanding of Intemet banking and activities performed by various roles in the supply chain,2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2.1 INTRODUCTION After analyzing the requirements of the task to be performed, the next step is to analyze the problem and understand its context. The first activity in the phase is studying the existing system and other is to understand the requirements and domain of the new system. Both the activities are ‘equally impor‘ant, but the first activity serves as a basis of giving the functional specifications and then successfidl design of the proposed system. Understanding the properties and requirements of a new system is more difficult and requires creative thinking and understanding of existing running system is also difficult, improper understanding of present system can lead diversion from solution, 2.2. ANALYSIS MODEL Agile software development is a group of software develepment methodologies based on iterative and incremental development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between organizing, cross-functionel teams. Agile methods break tasks into small increments with minimal planning, and do not directly involve long-term planning, Iterations are short time frames. that typically last from one to four weeks. Each iteration involves a team working through a full software development cycle including planning, requirements analysis, design, coding, unit testing, and acceptance testing when « working produet is demonstrated to stakeholders, This minimizes overall risk and allows the project to adapt to changes quickly, Stakeholders produce documentation as required. ‘An iteration may not add enough functionality to warrant a market release, but the goal is to have an available release (with minimal bugs) at the end of each iteration. Multiple iterations may be required lo release a product or new Features. ‘Team composition in an agile project is usually cross-functional and self-organizing without consideration for any existing corporate hierarchy or the corporate roles of team members, Teammembers normally take responsibility for tasks that deliver the functionality an iteration requires. They decide individually how to meet an iteration’s requirements. [Agile methods emphasize face-to-face communication over written documents when the team is all in the same location. Most agile teams work in a single open office (called a bullpen), which facilitates such communication. Team size typically small (5- people) to simplify team communication and team collaboration. Larger development efforts may be delivered by multiple teams working toward a common goal or on different parts of an effort. This may require a co-ordination of priorities across teams. No matter what development disciplines are required, each 2 ile team will contain a customer representative. This person is appointed by stakeholders to act on their behalf and makes a personal commitment to being available for developers to answer mid-iteration problem-domain questions, At the end of each iteration, stakeholders and the customer representative review progress and re-evaluate priorities with a ‘view to optimizing the return on investment (ROI) and ensuring alignment with customer needs and company goals, Most agile implementations use a routine and formal daily face-to-face communication among team members. This specifically includes the customer representative and any interested stakeholders as observers. In @ brief session, team members report to each other what they did the previous day, what they intend to do today, and what their roadblocks are. This face-to-face communication exposes problems as they arise. Agile development emphasizes working software as the primary measure of progress. This, combined with the preference for face-to-face communication, produces less written documentation than other methods, The agile method encourages stakeholders to prioritize wants with other iteration outcomes based exclusively on business value perceived at the beginning of the iterationoa << ee Agil | Figure: 2.2.1 Agile Software process life eyele 2.3, STUDY OF THE SYSTEM Number Of Modules The system after careful analysis has been identified to be pres ented with the following modules: * Account Information + New Account Creations + Deposits © Withdraws © Cheque book issues * Stop payments © Transfer of accounts + Report Generations,Account Information ‘The account information service will provide customers a summary of their accounts. These accounts could be saving of current Deposit account. The customers can get details of each account, a snapshot of the balances, a record of payment and transfers made, whenever they require. In addition to displaying the azcount balance information, the clients would get a warning when the account Balance falls below the minimum limit, This limit is decided by the bank. ‘The customers will also be provided account statements and transaction reports based on any user-defined criteria. Moreover, this system will make tracking of transactions easy, the User would be able to get details of the various transactions based on the Account number, the transection date, the period of the transaction, and so on, New Account Creation Whenever a new customer comes, this system facilitates to create an account in his name: ‘The customer must provide information regarding the type of account he wants to open, amount of deposit, his address and optionally his photo copy and digital signature. Deposits {All sort of banking deposits need to be implemented in the system. The user needs to enter the information like account number, the mode of deposit and the amount, als Wi All sort of banking withdrawals need to be implemented in the system. The user needs to enter the information like account number and the amount. The system must maintain the minimum amount for each account, Cheque - Book Issues Cheque books should be issued to an account holder whenever he requests and it should be con the basis of the minimum balance. The Cheque book number generated by the system must be unique,‘Transfer of Amount from one Account to Other The system should transfer the amount transfers from one account to another. Here the user need to enter both the from account number and to account number. Both accounts should get updated during the transaction, 2.4 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Software Requirement Operating System + Win 2000 o higher Language Java Scripting Java script, Jsp Web server ‘Tomcat sever Network Intranet/Internet RDBMS/Back End Ms-Access / Sql-Server Hardware Requirement "Processor: P4 or higher + RAM s2Mb © Harddisk 10Gb 2.5 EXISTING SYSTEM Inthe existing system the transactions are done only manually but in proposed system we have to computerize all the banking transaction using the software Online Banking,2.5.1 Problems with Existing System © Lack of security of data © More man power + Time consaming. © Consumes large volume of pare work. ‘© Needs manual calculations. © No direct sole for the higher officials. # Damage of machines due to lack of attention, © To avoid all these limitations and make the working more accurately the system needs to 2.6 PROPOSED SYSTEM ‘The aim of proposed system is to develop a system of improved facilities. The Proposed system can overcome all the limitations of the existing system. The system provides proper security and reduces the manual work. 2. 6.1 Advantages of the Proposed System ‘The system is very simple in design and to implement, The system requires very low system resources and the system will work in almost al! configurations. it has got following features «Security of data © Ensure data accuracy's, ‘© Proper control of the higher officials. 4 Reduce the damages of the machines, + Minimize manual data entry. + Minimum time needed for the various processing, * Greater efficiency. + Better service User friendliness and interactive. © Minimum time required3. FEASIBILITY STUDY Feasibility study is made to see if the project on completion will serve the purpose of the “organization for the amount of work, effort and the time that spend on asibility study lets the developer foresee the future of the project and the usefulness. A feasibility study of a system proposal is according to its workability, which is the impact on the organization, ability to meet their user needs and effective use of resources. Thus when a new application is proposed it normally goes through a feasibility study before it is approved for development. The document provide the feasibility of the project that is being designed and lists various areas that were considered very carefully during the feasibility study of this project such as Technical, Economic and Operational feasibilities. The following are its features: 3.1, TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY ‘The system must be evaluated from the technical point of view first. The assessment of this feasibility must be based on an outline design of the system requirement in the terms of input, output, programs and procedures. Having identified an outline system, the investigation must go ‘on to suggest the type of equipment, required method developing the system, of running the system once it has been designed. Technical issues raised during the investigation are: Does the existing technology sufficient for the suggested one? © in the system expand if developed? The project should be developed such that the necessary functions and performance are achieved within the constraints. The project is developed within latest tecknology. Through the technology may become obsolete after some period of time, due to the fact that never version of sume software supports older versions, the system may still be used. So there are minimal constraints involved with this project. The system has been developed using Java the project is technically feasible for development,3.2, ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ‘The developing system must be justified by cost and benefit. Criteria to ensure that effort is ‘concentrated on project, which will give best, return at the earliest. One of the factors, which affect the development of a new system, is the cost it would require. ‘The following are some of the important financial questions asked during preliminary investigation: The costs conduct a full system investigation. © The cost of the hardware and software. «The benefits in the form of reduced costs or fewer costly errors. Since the system is developed as part of project work, there is no manual cost to spend for the proposed system, Also all the resources are already available, it give an indication of the system is economically possible for development, 33, BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY This includes the following questions: ¢ Isthere sufficient support for the users? + Will the proposed system cause han’? ‘The project would be beneficial because it satisfies the objectives when developed and installed. All behavioral aspects are considered carefully and conclude that the project is behaviorally feasible. 104, SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS Purpose ‘The Traditional way of maintaining details of a user in # bank was to enter the details and record them. Every time the user needs to perform some transactions he has to go to bank and perform the necessary actions, which may not be so feasible all the time. It may be a hard-hitting task for the users and the bankers too, The project gives real life understanding of Internet banking and activities performed by various roles in the supply chain. Here, we provide automation for banking system through Internet. Intemet banking system project captures activities performed by different roles in real life banking which provides enhanced techniques for maintaining the required information up-to-date, which results in efficiency. The project gives real life understanding of Intemet banking and activities performed by various roles in the supply ch: Scope ‘This Project investigates the entry threshold for providing a new transaction service channel via the real options approach, where the entry threshold is established by using an Intemet banking system designed for the use of normal users(individuals), Industrialists, Fntrepreneurs, Educational Institutions(Financial sections), Organizations and Academicians under transaction rate uncertainty, + Customer must have a valid User Id and password to login to the system ‘© If wrong password is given thrice in succession, that account will be locked and the customer will not be able to use it, When an invalid password is entered a warning is given to the user that his scouunt is going to get locked. ‘© After the valid user logs in he is shown the list of accounts he has with the bank ‘© On selecting the desired account he is taken to a page which shows the present balance in that particular account number. uUser can request for the details of the last ‘n? number of transactions that he has performed. A report can also be taken of this. User can make a funds transfer to another account in the same bank. User is provided with a transaction password which is different from the login password User can transfer funds from his account to any other account with this bank. If the transaction is successful a notificstion should appear to the customer, in case it is ‘unsuccessful, « proper message should be given to the customer as to why it foiled User can request for cheque book/change of address/stop payment of cheque’s User can view his monthly as well as annual statements, He can also take print out of the same. Generate reports at every section Administrator can take a backup of the database for every instance that is happening, periodically. All users are authenticated to avail the services 4.1 FUNCTIONAL NEEDS OF THE SYSTEM: Following are the functional needs of the system. More functionality can be added to enhance the application. 1 2. Customer must have a valid User Id and password to login to the system Ifa wrong password is given thrice in succession, that account will be locked and the customer will not be able to use it. When an invalid password is entered a waming is given to the user that his account is going to get locked. ‘After the valid user logs in he is shown the list of functions in the bank which he can access. Gn proper login to his account, he is taken to a page which shows the present balance in that particular account nuniber User ean request details of the last °n” number of transactions he has performed, User can make a funds transfer to another account in the same bank. User is provided with @ transaction password which is different fiom the login password. 2User can transfer funds from his account to any other account with this bank. If the transaction is successfil a notification should appear to the customer, in case it is unsuecessful, a preper message should be given to the customer as to why it failed, 8. User ean request for Cheque book/change of address/stop payment of cheques 9. User can view his monthly as well as annual statements, He can also take print out of the same. 10. Proper help to be provided as and when requested by the user. 11. Creating an e-seva server that allows transactions between the bank and e-seva. 4.2. NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS: The system should be web-based system. Users should use the system via intemet, Fach user should have a user account. The system should ask the usermame and password to users. It doesn’t permit to unregistered user to access for Social Network Group. The system should heve Role based System functions access. Approval Process hus to be defined. The system should have Modular customization components so that they can be reused across the implementation. These are the mainly following: + Secure access of confidential data (user's details). SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) can be used. © 24X7 availability + Betier component design to get better performance at peak time + Flexible service based architecture will be highly desirable for future extension Security: It provides more security by selting username and password. Safety: This application provides more safety to the users for accessing the databases and for performing the operations on the databases, BInterfaces: It provides the interface for accessing the database and also allows the user to do the ‘manipulations on the databases. Reliabil i The project is aimed at being available on demand. Since the underlying database is SQL Server which has proven to be more reliable database server, the application is expected to be dependable. Interoperability: This provides the import and export facilities for sending one database to another database. Testability: Testing is done in various ways such as testing the algorithm, programming code; sample data debugging is also one of following the above testing. 4 . PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS Performance is measured in terms of the output provided by the application, Requirement specification plays an important part in the analysis of a system. Only when the requirement specifications are properly given, itis possible to design a system, which will fit into required environment. It reats largely in the part of the users of the existing system to give the requirement specifications because they are the people who finally use the system. This is Decatise the requirements have to be known duri he initial stages so that the system can be Uesigned according to those requirements, It is very difficult to change the system once it has been designed and on the other hand designing a system, which does not cater to the requirements of the user, is of no use. 1a5. SYSTEM DEVELOPEMENT ENVIRONMED Jeva was conceived by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, ChrisWarth, Ed Frank and Mike Sheridan at SUN Micro Systems Incorporation in 1991, It took 18 months to develop the First tially called “OAK”, but was renamed “JAVA” in 1995, working version, This language was Before the initial implementation of OAK in 1992 and the public announcement of Java in 1995, many more contributed to the design and evolution of the language, 5.1 OVERVIEW OF JAVA: ‘An Object Oriented Programming Language (OOPL) developed at Sun Microsystems, A Virtual Machine Run Time Environment that can be embedded in web browser (IE, NN). Java is a powerful but lean object oriented programming language. It has generated a lot of excitement because it makes it possible to program for Intemet by creating applets, programs that can be embedded in web page. ‘The context of an applet is limited only by one’s imagination. For example, an applet can be an animation with sound, an interactive game or a ticker tape with constantly updated stock prices. Applets can be serious application like word processor or spreadsheet, But Java is more than a programming language for writing applets. Itis being used more and more for writing standalone applications as well, It is becoming so popular that many people believe it will become standard Language for both general purpose and Internet programming ‘There are many buzzwords associated with Java, but because of its spectacular growth in popularity, a new buzzword has appeared ubiquitous. Indeed, all indications are that it will soon be everywhere. 45ava is actually a platform consisting of three components: ‘© Jeva Programming Language. ‘© Java Library of Classes and Interfaces. © hava Virtual Machine, I also has a Standardized set of Packages (Class, Interfaces) ‘+ Creating Graphical User Interfaces + Controlling Multimedia Data ‘© Communicating over Network, 5.1.1 FEATURES OF JAVA: Sil. LoA Java Is Portable: One of the biggest advantages Java offers is that it is portable. An application writen in Java will nun on all the major platforms. Any computer with a Java based browser can run the applications or applets written in the Java Programming Language. A programmer no longer has to write one program fo run on @ Macintosh, another program to run on a windows machine, still another to run on a UNIX machine, and so on, In other words, with Java, developers write their programs only once. The virtual machine is what gives Java is cross platform capabilities. Rather than being compiled into machine language, which is different for each operating systems and computer architecture. Java code is compiled into byte codes, With other languages. the program can understand, The problem is that other computers with different machine instruction set cannot understand that language, Java code, on the other hand is compiled into byte codes rather than a machine language. These byte codes go to the Java virtual machine, which executes them directly or translate them into the language that is understond hy the machine running it. In Summary, these means that with the JDBC API extending Java, A programmer w 16ean access all the major relational databases on any platform that supports the Java virtual machine, .2 Java Is Object Oriented: The Java programming language is object oriented, which makes program design focus on what you are dealing with rather than on Low you are going to do something. This makes it more useful for programming in sophisticated projects because one can break the things down into understandable components. A big benefit is that these components can then be reused. Object oriented languages use the paradigm of classes. In simplest term, a class includes both the data and the functions to operate on the data, You can create an instance of a class, also called an object, which will have all the data members and functionality of its class. Because of this, you can think of @ class as being like template, with each object being a specific instance of a particular type of class. ‘The class paradigm allows one to encapsulate data so that specific data values are those using the data cannot see function implementation. Encapsulation makes it possible to make the changes in code without breaking other programs that use that code. If for example the implementation of a function is changed, the change is invisible to the programmer who invokes that function, and it does not affect his/her program, except hopefully to improve it. Java includes inheritance, or the ability to derive new classes fiom existing classes. The derived class, also called a subclass, inherits all the data and the functions of the existing class, referred to as the parent class. A subelass can add new data members to those inherited fiom the parent class, As far as methods are concemed, the subclass can reuse the inherited methods as itis, changed them, and/or add its own new methods. 5.1.1.3 Java Makes It Easy To Write Correct Code: In addition to being portable and object oriented, Java facilitates writing correct code. Programmers spend less time writing Java code and a lot Jess time debugging it. In fact, developers have reported slashing development time by as much as two thirds, vS.1.1.3.1 Garbage Collection: Automatically takes care of allocating and reallocating memory, a huge potential source of errors. If an object is no longer being used (has no references to it), then it is automatically removed from memory. Dynamic binding is possible and often very useful, but static binding with strict type checking is used when possible. 5.1.1.3.2 Simplicity: Makes Java easier to learn and use correctly. Java keep it simple by having just one way to do something instead of having several altematives, as in some languages. Java also stays lean by not including multiple inheritance, which eliminates the errors and ambiguity that arise when you create a subelass that inherits from two or more classes. Java lets you add functionality to a class throws by the use of interfaces, 5.1.14 Java Includes A Library Of Classes And Interfaces: ‘The Java platform includes an extensive class library so that programmers can use already existing classes, as it is, create subclasses to modify existing classes, or implement interfaces to ‘augment the capabilities of classes Both classes and interfaces contain data members (fields) and functions (methods), but there are major differences. In a class, fields may be either variable or constant, and methods are fully implemented. In an interface, fields must be constants, and methods are just prototypes with no implementations. The prototypes give the method signature (the retum type, the function name, and the number of parameters with the type for each parameter), but the programmer must supply implementations. 18‘A package is a collection of related Java classes and interfaces, The following list, though not complete, gives example of some Java packages and what they cover. ‘+ Javalang: The basic classes, This package is so basic that it automatically is included in any Java program, It includes classes dealing with numeric, strings, objects, runtime, security, and threads. + Javacio: Classes that manages reading data from input streams and writing data to the output streams. « Javautil: Miscellaneous utility classes, including generic data structures, bit sets, time, date, the string manipulation, random number generation, system properties, no and enumeration of data structures. + Javanet: Classes for network support ‘+ Java.awt: Classes that manage user interface components such as windows, dialog boxes, butions. and checkboxes, lists, menus, serollbars, and text fields, the “AWT" stands for Abstract Window Toolkit. © Javaawtimage: Classes for managing image data, including color models, dropping. color littering, setting pixel values, and grabbing snapshots. ‘+ Javaapplet: ‘The Applet class, which provides the ability to write applets, this package also includes several interfaces that, connects an applet to its documents and to its document and! to its document and to recourses for playing audio. + Javasql: The JDBC API, classes and interfaces that access databases and send SQL Statements, The first three packages listed, javalang, java.io and java.util form the foundation, they are basic classes and interfaces for general-purpose programming, Java development kit version1.1 added some new packages, with JDBC being one of them, Other new packages include such thing as Remote Method Invocation, Security. and Java Beans, the new API for creating reusable components. 19In Java, packages serve as the foundation for building other packages, as discussed in the following section. SuL-14.1 Java Is Extensible: A big plus for Java is the fact it can be extended. It was purposely written to be lean with the ‘emphasis on doing what it does very well, instead of trying to do everything from the beginning, it was return so that extending it is very easy. Programmers can modify existing classes or write their own new classes or they can write a whole new package. The IDBC API, the javasql package, is one example of a foundation upon which extensions are being built. Other extensions are being added or worked on in area such as multimedia, Internet Commerce, conferencing, and telephony. In addition to extensions there are also main tools being developed to make existing capabilities easier to use. For example, thete is already a tool that greatly Simplifies creating and laying out Graphical Uscr Interfaces such as menus, Dialog boxes and buttons. S1.1.4.2 Security: Itis important that a programmer not be able to write subversive code for Applications or applets. This is especially true with the Intemet being used more and more extensively for services such as electronic commerce and electronic distribution of software and multimedia content The Java platform builds in security in four ways. © The way memory is Allocated and laid out: In Java an object's location in memory is not determined until The runtime, as opposed to C and C++, where the compiler makes memory layout Decisions. As the result, a programmer cannot look at a class definition and figure out how it might he laid out in memory Also since, Java has no pointers, a programmer cannot forge pointers 10 memory ‘© The way incoming code is checked: The Java virtual machine doesn’t trust any incoming code and subjects it to what is called byte code verification, The byte code Verifier, part of the virtual machine, checks that the format of incoming code is correct Incoming code 20doesn't forge pointers, it doesn’t violate access restrictions, it access objects what they are, ‘© The way classes are loaded: The Java byte code loader, another part of the virtual machine, whether classes loaded during program execution are local or from across a network. Imported classes cannot be substituted for built in classes, and built in classe cannot accidentally reference classes brought! in overa network # The way access is restricted for untested code: The Java security manager allows user to restrict untested Java applets so that they cannot access the local network, files and other resources. SILLS Java Performs Well: Java performance is better than one might expect. Java has many advantages, such as having builtin security and being interpreted as well as compiled, do have a cost attached to them However, various optimizations have been builtin, and the byte code Interpreter can nun very fast the cost it doesnt have to do any checking, As 4 result, Java has done quite respectably in performance tests. Its performance numbers for interpreting byte codes are usually more than adequate to run interactive graphical end user applications. For situations that require unusually high performance, byte codes can be translated on the fly. generating the final machine code for the particular CPU on which the application is running at run time. High level interpreted scripting language generally offer great portability and fast prototyping but poor performance. Low level compiled language like C and C+ offer great performance but require large amounts of time for writing and debugging code because of problems with areas such as memory management, pointers and multiple inheritance, Jave offers good performance with the advantages of high level languages but without the disadvantages of Cand CH. $1.16 Java ts Robust: ‘The multi platformed environment of the WEB places extraordinary demiands on a program, because it must execute reliably ina variety of systems, Thus the ability to ereate robust programs was given a high priority in the design of Java. To gain reliability, Java restricts you in 2 few key areas to forve you to find your mistakes early in program developments. At the same 2time, Java frees you fiom having to worry about many of the most common cause of programming errors. Because Javais strictly typed language, it checks your cade at compi time. However, italso checks your code at run time. In fact, many hard to track down bugs that often turn up in hard to reproduce runtime situations are simply impossible to ereate in Java, Knowing that what you have written will behave in a predictable way under diverse conditions is, ‘akey feature of Java to understand how Java robust, Consider two main reasons for program failure: * Memory management mistakes and mishandled exceptional conditions (run time errors). © Memory management can be difficult, tedious task in traditional programming environments, For example in C1C-“+ the programmer must manually allocate and fiee all dynamic memory. This sometimes leads to problems. For example some programmers some times forget the free memory hat has been previously allocated. Or worse, they may free some memory that another part of their code is still using, Java virally eliminates these problems by managing memory allocations and reallocations. Java helps in this area by providing object oriented exception handling, In ¢ well-written Java a program should manage program all run time errors, 5.1.1.7 Java Seales Well Java platform is designed to scale well, from portable consumer electronic devices to powerful desktop and server machines. The virtual machine takes a small foot print and Java by'e code is optimized to be small and compact, As. result, Jave accommodates the need for low storage and for low bandwidth transmission over the Intemet. In addition the Java operating system offers & standalone Java platform that climinates host operating system overhead while still supporting the full Java platform. API makes Java ideal for low cost network computers whose sole purpose is to-aceess the Internet, 25.1.1.8 Java Is Multithreaded: Multithreading is simply the ability of a program to do more than one thing at a time. For example an application could be faxing a document at the same time itis printing another document. Or a program could process new inventory figures while it maintains a feed for current prices. Multithreading is particularly important in multimedia. A multimedia program might often be running a movie, running a audio track and displeying text all at the same time. 5.1.1.9 Java Is Important To The Internet: The Intemet helped catapult Java to the forefront of programming and Java in tum has a profound effect on the Internet. The reason is simple. Java expands the universe of objects that can move about freely in eyberspace. In a network, there are two broad categories of objects transmitted between the server, your personal computer, passive information and dynamic, active programs. For example, when you read your e-mail, you are viewing passive data, Even when you download a program, the program's code is still only passive data until you execute it. However, there is a second type of object that can he transmitted to your computer, a dynamic, self-exeauting program. Such a program would be an active agent on the client computer, yet it would be initiated by the server. As desirable as dynamic, networked programs are, they also present serious problems in the areas of security and portability. Prior to Java eyberspace was, effectively closed to half the entities that now live there, Java addresses these concems and doing so, has opened the door to an exciting a new form of program. 5.2, JAVA DATA BASE CONNECTIVITY 5.2.1 INTRODUCTION Jaya Database Connectivity (JDBC) is a front-end tool for connecting to a server to ODBC in that respect, However JDBC can connect only Java clients and it uses ODBC for the connectivity. IDBC is essentially a low-level application programming interface, It is called a low-level API since any data manipulation, storage and retrieval has to be done by the program itself. Some tools which provide a higher-level abstraction of expected shortly. The next question that needs to be answered is why we need JDBC, once we have ODBC on hand. We can use the same ODBC to connect the entire database and ODBC is a proven 23technology. Problem for doing this is ODBC gives a*C” language API, which uses pointers extensively. Since Java does not have any pointers and is object-oriented sun Microsystems, inventor of Java developed to suit its needs. 52.2 REQUIREMENTS TO USE JDBC: ‘To use JDBC you need a basic knowledge of database and SQL. Apart from this you need the jdk1.1 (Java Development Kit 1.1) or a version of Java since jdk.1 and above come bundled with JDBC software. ‘After that you need to have a back-end database engine for which a JDBC driver is available. When JDBC drivers are not available JDBC-ODBC bridge drivers are used to access the database through ODBC. Back-end is not need when JDBC river is capable of storing and retrieving the data itself, or if JDBC-ODBC Bridge and the ODBC driver can be store and retrieve the information. 5.2.3 DATABASE MODELS: JDBC and accessing the database through appleis, and JDBC AP! via an intermediate server resulted in a new type of database model which is different fiom the client-servers through which, the request should go itis named as single ter, two ter and multi-tier architecture, 5.2.4 JDBC DRIVER TYPE! The JDBC drivers that we are aware of at this time fit into one of four categories: > JDBC-ODBC Bridge plus ODBC driver: The Java Soft bridge product provides JDBC aceess via ODBC drivers. Note that ODBC binary code and in many cases database client code must be loaded on cach client machine that uses this ériver. As a result, this kind of driver is most appropriate on a corporate network where client installations are not a major problem, or for application server code written in Java in three-tier architecture.© Native-API partly-Java driver: This kind of driver converts JDBC calls into calls on the client API for Oracle, Sybase, Informix, DB2, or other DBMS. Note that, like the bridge driver, this style of driver requires that some binary code be loaded on cach client © JDBC-Net all-lava driver: This driver translates JDBC calls into a DBMS-independent ret protocol that is then translated to a DBMS protocol by server. This net server middle ware is able to connect its all-Java clients to many different databases, The specific protocol used depends on the vendor. In general, this ig the most flexible JDBC alternative. It is likely that all vendors of this solution will provide products suitable for Internet use. In order for these products to also support Internet access, they must handle the additional requirements for security, access through firewalls, etc., that the Web imposes, Several vendors are adding JDBC drivers to their existing database middle were products. © Native-protoco! all-Java driver: This kind of driver converts IDBC calls into the network protocol used by DBMS directly, This allows a direct call from the client machine to the DBMS server and is a practical solution for Intemet access. Since many of these protocols are proprietary, the database vendors themselves will be the primary source. ‘Several database vendors have these in progress. 5.3 HTML, 5.3.1 INTRODUCTION: ‘The Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is a simple markup language used to create hypertext documents that are portable from one platiorm to another, HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantic that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of applications. This specification defines HTML version 3.2, HTML 3.2 aims to capture recommended practice as of carly “96 and as such to be used as a replacement for HTML. 2.0(RF 1866)A set of i structions embedded in a document is called Markup Language. ‘These instructions describe what the document text means and how it should look like in a display. Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the language used to encode World Wide Web documents. It is a document layout and hyperlink specification language that defines the syntax and placement of special embedded directions that are not displayed by a web browser, but tells it how to display the conten's of the documents insluding text, images and other supported media, 53.2 USE OF HTML: Web site is a collection of pages, publications, and documents that reside on web server. While these page publications, and @ document as a formatted in any single format. You should use HTML for home page and all primary pages and the site, This will enable the millions of web users it easily access and to take advantage of your website, HTML is considered first for formatting any new material you plan to publish on the web. HTML documents are platform independent, meaning that they don’t confirm to any standard, If they are created properly you can move home to any server platform or you can access them with any complaint www browser. 53.3 BLOCK OF HTML: HTML clements perform a defined task. HTML uses two types of elements ‘+ Empty tags(open tags) © Container tags “These tags differ because of what they represent, Empty tags represent formatting constructs, such as line breaks and Horizontal rules. Container tags define a section of text and specify the formatting the container dots all of the selected text. A container tag has both a beginning and an ending, 265.3.4 HTML LAYOU' ‘An HTML document consists of text, which comprises the content of the document and tags which, defines the structure and appearance of the document, The structure of an HTML document is simple, This is where the actual HTML documents Text lies which is displayed in the browser 53.4.1 Program Deseriy ‘The first line ie, tag, HTML tag is beginning tag and sevond line is starting tag for head section is The third line i.e,