مبادئ التأمين شعبة لغة

Faculty of Commerce Department of Quantitative Methods
Lectures in
Risk and Insurance
Prepared By
Prof. Dr.
Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed Atta
Professor of insurance and Vice Dean for
Graduate Studies and Research
Faculty of Commerce
Sohag University
2016
IN THE NAME OF Allah
Introduction
First of all, I am thankful to Allah Almighty, Who

strengthens me with his abundant blessings through innumerable
means, helping me in all my life and in accomplishment of this
work.
It has become a modern trend in Social Science (accounting,

management, economics and insurance) depends on the use of
quantitative methods (mathematical and statistical).
The book offers some important and simple topics in

insurance principles for commercial persons , That is why the
focus was on the preparation of economic applications that
serve business operation .
And the praise of Allah the book in its new image may be
more realistic, where teaching is started with Risk theory in the
first part, then insurance principles in the second part after the
student has been able to find out Risk theory .
With my best wishes
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Atta

Index
Chapter 1: Concept of Risk P.5
Chapter 2: Risk Management P.11
Chapter 3: Risk measurement P.14
Chapter 4 : Insurance and its Principles P.36
Chapter 5: Types of insurance contract P.55
Chapter 6: Actuarial mathematics of life insurance P.62
Chapter 7: Fire insurance P.131
Insurance Dictionary P.167
End of term Exam 2015-2016 P.208

Chapter one
Concept of Risk
 Concept of Risk.
 Definition of Risk.
 Classification of Risk.
Chapter one ; Concept of Risk
The concept of risk:

To understand the concept of risk , we will take these examples:
 The person does not his car will expose to accident in the
morning during his traveling to his work.
 The person does not know the time of his death.
 Also the person does not know he will have an accident or
illness requiring hospital care.
Definition of risk :
These are a lot of authors who have concerned with risk.
for example :
1- Maher & Hedges have defined risk as " the possibility that
losses will be greated than normal, expected as usual.
2- Williams , Head and others defined risk as " The possibility
of loss "
3- Vaughan has defined risk as " A condition in which there is
a possibility of an adverse deviation from the desired
outcome that is expected as hoped for "
6
4- Maher & Commack have defined risk as "Risk equals
uncertainty"
5- Green and others defined risk as " Uncertainty as to loss "
These are two limits to put a definition of risk:
1- Probability or Uncertainty:
That means the accident may be happen or may not be
happen, the probability measured from over zero to under
one.
2- The result of an accident must be economic loss.
Classification of risk
Classification " 1 "
Economic risk Non-economic risk
The result of the loss is financial loss as: The result of the loss is
- Accident to car moral risk as:
- Fire in a factory - The death of person
7
Speculative risks Pure risks
This contain two possibilities: This contain one possibility
loss and Profit only : Loss
General risk Special risk
The reason is general Such The reason is special reasons such as
as earthquake and inundation - Stealing
- Fire
8
Calmness risk Activity risk
When the accident is happened, When the accident is happened it
It affection one unit only affection many units
Such as stealing Such as Fire
Personal risk: Property risk: Liability risk:
- Old age risk . Any person owns property When the accident
- Sickness risk . (car–house ship–air plane) happened , it affect
- Unemployment risk . another person out of
- Death . the contract
9
Important Question :
 What is the useful from the classification of risk ??
The classification of risk explain for us which of risk can
insurance companies cover it by insurance policy , also it
explain to us the exclusion in insurance policy .
Notice
The student can explain from the classification whom is
covering by the insurance policy.
10
Chapter two
Risk Management
- The concept of risk management
- Functions of risk management
- Methods of risk management

Chapter Two : Risk Management
Risk management
The concept of risk management:
Discovery of the risk in the facility, tabulation, analysis,
measuring and finding the suitable method to treat it.
Risk manager:
The person or entity that holds the discovery of the risks,
tabulation , analysis , measuring and finding the suitable method
to treat process.
Functions of risk manager:

1- Discovery of the risks in the units.
2- Tabulation and analysis of these risks.
3- Measuring these risks by using one of the statistical methods.
4- Find the suitable method to treat this risk.
Methods of risk management:

1- Avoid risk:
Stay away from any activity cause the accident , this is not a
positive way because this leading to the disappearing of some
of the activities in community .
12
Chapter Two : Risk Management
2- Risk incuring:
The Person has alulity to withstand the results of the check
and the occurrence of the accident.
3- Retention risk:
It equal retention, but this is planned For example: reserves,
provisions and depreciation.
4- Loss prevention:
These are material means which aim to reduce the possibility
risk checking or output of the accident.
5- Risk transfer:
Shifting of the burden of the accident from someone who is
not specialist to someone who is specialist
For example: transport contracts, construction contract and
insurance contracts.
13
Chapter three
Risk measurement
Chapter three : Risk measurement
The third function of risk manager is risk measurement by using
one of the statistical methods, we will measure the risks by
using coefficient of variation.
C.V =  =

µ *100 ¯x *100
Example 1
The following data giveing the losses result fire to one factory in
the period five years:
Years 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
The value of loss ( L. E) 20 21 0 22 17
 From this table find:
1. The average loss ¯x.
2. Standard deviation .
3. The coefficient of deviation C.v.
15
Solution
- Symbolize the average loss ¯x
- We can build the following table:
x 20 21 0 22 17 80 ( total )
X2 400 441 0 484 289 1614 ( total )
¯x = ∑x 80 16
= =
n 5
1
= (∑x2 – (∑x\n)2)
n
√
1
= (1614 – (80\5)2)
5
√
=
66.8
√
 = 8.17
16
 *100
C.V. =
x¯
8.17
C.V. = *100
16
C.V. = 51.06%
Example 2
The following data giveing the losses result fire to one factory in
Years 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
 From this table find:
1- The average loss ¯x.
2- Standard deviation .
3- The coefficient of deviation C.v.
17
Solution
We can build the following table :
x 40 42 25 44 34 185 ( total )
X2 1600 1764 625 1936 1156 7081 ( total )
¯x = ∑x 185 37
= =
n 5
1
= (∑x2 – (∑x\n)2)
n
√
1
= (7081 – (185\5)2)
5
√
=
1142.4
√
 = 33.8
18
 *100
C.V. =
x¯
33.8
C.V. = *100
37
C.V. = 91.35%
Example 3
The following data give the losses result fire to one factory in
Years 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
 From this table find :

3- The coefficient of deviation C.v.
19
Solution
- We can build the following table:
x 12 36 20 30 21 119(total)
X2 144 1296 400 900 441 3181(total)
¯x = ∑x 111
= =23.8
n 5
1
= (∑x2 – (∑x\n)2)
n
√
1
= (3181 – (119\5)2)
5
√
=
522.912
√
 = 22.87
 *100
C.V. =
x¯
20
22.87
C.V. = *100
23.8
C.V. = 96.08%
Ex 4:
One of the companies has 800 cars. the following table giving
distribution for the number of accidents and the losses (L . E)
Loss classes 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120
Number of cars 300 220 140 80 42 18
From the table find:
21
Solution
Loss Number of cars Class midpoints
classes F X FX FX2
0-20 300 10 3000 30000
20-40 220 30 6600 198000
40-60 140 50 7000 350000
60-80 80 70 5600 392000
80-100 42 90 3780 34200
100-120 18 110 1980 217800
Total 800 ___ 27960 1528000
¯x = ∑Fx 27960 34.95

= =
∑F 800
1 2 ( ∑FX )2
= ) ∑Fx – (
∑F ∑F
√
22
1 ( 27960 )2
= ) 1528000 – (
800 800
√
 = 26.24

C.V. = *100
x¯
26.24
C.V. = *100
34.95
C.V = 75.08%
23
Ex 5:
distribution for the number of accidents and the losses ( L . E)
Loss classes 5 – 15 15 – 25 25 – 35 35 – 45 45 – 55 55 – 65
Number of cars 80 30 60 50 20 10
Solution
Loss classes Number of cars Class midpoints

F X FX FX2
5-15 80 10 800 8000
15-25 30 20 600 12000
25-35 60 30 1800 54000
35-45 50 40 2000 80000
45-55 20 50 1000 50000
55-65 10 60 600 36000
Total 250 ___ 6800 240000
24
¯x = ∑Fx 6800 27.2

= =
∑F 250
1 2 ( ∑FX )2
= ) ∑Fx – (
∑F ∑F
√
1 ( 6800 )2
= ) 240000 – (
250 250
√
 = 14.84
25
Ex 6:
distribution for the number of accidents and the losses ( L . E )
Loss classes 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70
Number of cars 90 40 70 60 30 10
Solution
Loss classes Number of Class midpoints FX FX2

cars X
F
10-20 90 15 1350 20250
20-30 40 25 1000 25000
30-40 70 35 2450 85750
40-50 60 45 2700 121500
50-60 30 55 1650 90750
60-70 10 65 650 42250
Total 300 ___ 9800 385500
26
¯x = ∑Fx 9800 32.67

= =
∑F 300
1 2 ( ∑FX )2
= ) ∑Fx – (
∑F ∑F
√
1 ( 9800 )2
= ) 385500 – (
300 300
√
 = 14.76

C.V. = *100
X¯
14.76
*100
C.V. = 32.67
C.V = 45.19%
27
Ex 7
The following data giving the number of work accidents,
injuries for one company workers.
0 1 2 3 4 total
Number of times of accidents
Number of workers 4000 600 250 100 50 5000
One of the workers was selected randomly.

Required:
1- The possible non-occurrence of any incident for
workers P(X = 0).
2- The possibility of one incident P(X = 1).
3- The possibility of a second incident P(X = 2).
4- The possibility of one incident at more.
5- The possibility of one incident at least.
6- The possibility of a second incident at more.
7- The possibility of a second incident at least.
28
Solution
The number of times of Numbers of Probability
accidents ( X ) workers distribution P (X)
0 4000 0.80
1 600 0.12
2 250 0.05
3 100 0.02
4 50 0.01
Total 5000 1.00
1- P(x=0) = 0.8 x equal 0
2- P(x=1) = 0.12 x equal one
3- P(x=2) = 0.05 x equal two
4- P(x≤ 1) = P(x=0) + P(x=1)
= 0.8 + 0.12
= 0.92
5- P(x≥ 1) = P(x=1) + P(x=2) + P(x=3) + P(x=4)
= 0.12 + 0.05 + 0.02 + 0.01
= 0.20
29
P(x≤ 2) = P(x=0) + P(x=1) + p(x=2)
= 0.8 + 0.12 + 0.05
= 0.97
P(x≥ 2) = P(x=2) + P(x=3) + P(x=4)
= 0.05 + 0.02 + 0.01
= 0.08
30
Ex 8
0 1 2 3 4 total

Required:
workers P(X = 0).
31
Solution
The number of times Numbers of Probability
of accidents ( X ) workers distribution P (X)
0 8000 0.8
1 1200 0.12
2 500 0.05
3 200 0.02
4 100 0.01
Total 10000 1
1- P(x=0) = 0.8 x equal 0
2- P(x=1) = 0.12 x equal one
3- P(x=2) = 0.05 x equal two
4- P(x≤ 1) = P(x=0) + P(x=1)
= 0.8 + 0.12= 0.92
5- P(x≥ 1) = P(x=1) + P(x=2) + P(x=3) + P(x=4)
= 0.12 + 0.05 + 0.02 + 0.01
= 0.20
32
P(x≤ 2) = P(x=0) + P(x=1) + p(x=2)
= 0.8 + 0.12 + 0.05
= 0.97
P(x≥ 2) = P(x=2) + P(x=3) + P(x=4)
= 0.05 + 0.02 + 0.01
= 0.08
Ex 9
0 1 2 3 4 total

Required:
workers P(X = 0).
33
Solution
The number of times of Numbers of Probability
accidents ( X ) workers distribution P (X)
0 300 0.5
1 120 0.2
2 70 0.116667
3 60 0.1
4 50 0.083333
Total 600 1
34
1- P(x=0) = 0.5 x equal 0
2- P(x=1) = 0.2 x equal one
3- P(x=2) = 0.1167 x equal two
4- P(x≤ 1) = P(x=0) + P(x=1)
= 0.5 + 0.2
= 0.7
5- P(x≥ 1) = P(x=1) + P(x=2) + P(x=3) + P(x=4)
= 0.2 + 0.1167 + 0.1 + 0.083
= 0.50
P(x≤ 2) = P(x=0) + P(x=1) + p(x=2)
= 0.5 + 0.2 + 0.1167
= 0.8167
P(x≥ 2) = P(x=2) + P(x=3) + P(x=4)
= 0.1167 + 0.1 + 0.0833
= 0.3
35
Chapter four
Insurance and
its Principles
Chapter Four : Insurance and its Principles
Definitions of insurance
After we explained the methods of risk treatment , we can say
that the most important method is risk transfer because it contain
insurance.
In this part we will definite insurance , "insured transfer Burden
of accident from him to the insurer , the insured pay premium to
insurer When the accident happened, the insurer pay
identification or sum of money to the insured . If the accident
not happened in term of insurance , the insured will not got
anything" .
Notice :
 Identification property and liability
 Amount of insurance life insurance
There are a lot of authors interested with insurance contract .
For example :
Law authors , economic authors statistic authors and insurance
authors .
37
The insurance contract interested for third person called
beneficiary.
Question :
Define the following terms :
 Insured
 Insurer
 Beneficiary
Characteristics of the insurance contract :

The characteristics legally put by the scientists of law as
following:
1- Compensation contract:
The compensation means each Side of two contracts sides
takes and gives an interview to give .
Insured gives premium and take compensation or amount of
insurance when the accident happened .The insurer takes
38
premium and gives compensation or amount of insurance when
the accident happened.
2- Possible contract :
The insured may pay all premiums and may pay part of it.The
insurer may pay a compensation or amount of insurance when
the accident happened through the term of insurance and not pay
anything if the accident not happened. Or when the contract end.
3- Time contract:
The contract starts on a certain date and ends at a certain date .
From the start to the end it is called the term of insurance . it is
important in determining the obligations of the insurer and the
insured and also determining the coverages and expectations .
4- Comply contract:
Comply means there are a strong side and a weak side in the
contract .
The strong side is the insurer because :
 Accept or does not accept the insurance .
39
 Determine the premiums .
 Determine coverages and expectations .
The weak side is the insured because :
 Accept the insurance as it is or not accepted .
5- The convergence of the contract offer and acceptance
The convergence of the contract offer and acceptance between
insured and insurer .
40
Legal principles of insurance

There are legal principles of insurance . the insurer put these
principles to regulate and control the contract between the
insurer and the insured.
six legal principles of insurance as follow:
1- Principle of utmost good faith :
It means that the insured must give the insurer all information
and data about the thing or person subject of insurance before,
during and at the end of the contract . the data and information
must be full and right . if the insurance companies does not ask
the insured about something and he have information about it he
must give it to the insurer.
This principle is applied on all insurance contract.
At sometimes the insured beach of the principle of utmost good
faith , here we find the beach of the principle penalty as
following:
41
 Giving false data or concealing it good faith it makes
contract feasible null .
 Giving false data or concealing it bad faith it makes
contract null and void.
Breach of utmost of good faith
False data Concealing data

data data
Good Bad faith Good Bad faith

faith faith
Make contract Make Make contract Make
feasible null contract null feasible null contract null
void and void void and void
The insured must prove

that this is happened by
good faith The premiums which pays from insured
become owners to the insurer and the
insured does not take anything .
42
2- Principle of insurable interest:
The insurable interest means a relationship between the insured
and the person or thing subject of insurance . This principle is
Appling on all insurance contracts and Appling on insured only .
Examples :
 The owner insure at his home .
 Tenant insure only at the part of home .
 Creditor insure at debtor By the loan value .
 Father insure on his wife , son and daughter .
Some of insurance contracts requires insurable interest at the
beginning of the contracts and some of the insurance contracts
requires it at the end of the contract.
3- Principle of proximate contract:
When the accident happened, it takes the form of a continuum rings
lead at the end to the accident.
This principle is Appling on all insurance contracts and it applies in
the end of the contract and looking in the cause of the accident.
43
Example :
If the person insured for his life against personal accidents and fall
off a horse near river and have a pneumonia which is may lead to
his death. the insurance company pay him amount of money
because the reason is proximate cause of the accident.
4- Principle of subrogation:
When there is a person who caused an accident and the insurance
company Paid indemnity to the insured , Here the company can
claim the person and make lawsuit against him.
The insured help the insurer and gave him the documents that is
proved his right against this person who caused the accident .
This principle applies on the insured , general insurance and at the
end of the contract .
5- Principle of indemnity
Indemnity means thing back to the state it was before the accident .
This principle is Appling in general insurance contract only .
44
There are three cases of indemnity:
a- Cash indemnity:
Insurer paying the cash loss
b- Repair:
It means repairing the thing and back it to the state it was before the
accident.
c- Replacement:
It means replacement of the old thing with new thing completely
equivalent.
Notice:
You must understand that insurance is a mean of indemnity and not
for gain.
Example
You are given that your house is insured against fire by fire policy
of 1000000 L.E . the house is destroyed completely by a fire . If
45
the value at that time is only 700000 L.E that is the amount of
money the insurance company will pay .
You cannot collect one million because this will exceed the actual
loss .
46
The cases of insurance:
a- Enough or full insurance :
That means :
 The value of thing = the amount of money of insurance .
 The indemnity is full and equal the loss .
b- Over insurance :
That means :
 The amount of insurance over than the value of the thing .
 The indemnity is full and maximum the amount of money of
insurance .
c- Under insurance:
That means :
 The value of the thing is under or less than the amount of
insurance .
 The indemnity is under , it is calculated by using the
following equation :
47
I= L × S
V
Where:
I : ( amount of indemnity ) .
L : ( is loss ) .
S : ( is the sum insured ) .
V : ( is the value of Thing Which is the subject of insurance).
Example :
You are given that your house is insured against fire by fire policy
of 700000 L.E . The value of the house is 1000000 L.E. After an
accident the loss is 200000 L.E .
Required :
Calculate the claim ??
solution
This case is under insurance because the value of the house is Over
than the amount of sum of insurance.
We will use the following equation:
48
S
I = L×
V
700000
I = 200000 × 1000000
I = 140000 L.E
We can calculate the retention of insured by using the following
equation :
R = L- E
R = 200000 - 140000
R = 60000 L.E .
Question :
Why the insured retented 60000 L.E ???
solution
It means that the insured contracting under insurance . he is
contracting at the insurance company with the sum of 700000 L.E
and he has applied the risk retention with sum of 300000 L.E .
49
6- Principle of contribution:
This principle means , if at the time of the loss . it is found more
than one insurance company covering the same loss, then all
insurance companies should pay the loss . This principle is applied
in general insurance .
The share of every insurance company may be calculated by the

following equation :
Share of company = loss × Sum insurance co.
Total sum of insurance
Example 1 :
You are given ; Businessman insured his factory under three fire
policies for a total of 10000000 L.E . Company ( A ) provides
5000000 L.E under one policy , Company ( B ) provides 2000000
L.E under the second policy and company ( C ) provides 3000000
L.E under the third policy . The three companies will share the
payment of losses in proportion to the amount of the total coverage
which each one provides . If the factory had exposed to fire and the
loss is 500000 L.E .
50
How much businessman will collect and how much every company
should pay ??
Solution
Businessman cannot collect 500000 L.E from each company , but
he will collect just 500000 L.E from the three companies , each
company will pay its share of the loss as following :
S
- Company ( A ) pays = L ×
T
5
= 500000 × = 250000 L.E
10
S
Company ( B ) pays = L ×
T
= 500000 × 2
= 100000 L.E
10
Company ( C ) pays = L × S
T
3
= 500000 × = 150000 L.E
10
51
Example 2 :
You are given ; Businessman insured his factory with a value
20000000 L.E under three fire policies for a total of 10000000
L.E . Company ( A ) provides 5000000 L.E under one policy ,
Company ( B ) provides 2000000 L.E under the second policy and
company ( C ) provides 3000000 L.E under the third policy . The
three companies will share the payment of losses in proportion to
the amount of the total coverage which each one provides . If the
factory had exposed to fire and the loss is 500000 L.E .
Required :
 The share of every company .
 The retention of the insured .
Solution
We can We can calculate first the indemnity as following :
I = L× S
V
10
I = 500000 × = 250000 L.E
20
52
Then we can calculated the retention of the insured as following :
R=L– I
= 500000 – 250000
= 250000 L.E
Third we can calculated the share of every company as following :
S
Company ( A ) pays = I ×
T
= 250000 × 5
= 125000 L.E
10
Company ( B ) pays = I × S
T
= 250000 × 2
= 50000 L.E
10
S
Company ( C ) pays = I ×
T
3
= 250000 × = 75000 L.E
10
53
Coinsurance rule :
Coinsurance rule is one of the important topics in the field of
insurance .
It means " If the insured insures on something he owned with
amount of insurance less than the value of the subject of insurance
thing . When the accident happened , the insured gets a minus
indemnity equal to the ratio between the amount of insurance and
the value of the subject of insurance thing . It is non-binding , it can
the insured and the insurer has agreed not apply .
The value is calculated as following :
S
C = L ×
v
54
Chapter five
Types of insurance
contract
Chapter Five : Types of insurance Contract
Types of insurance contract :

We address the following types of insurance contracts in
accordance with the practical division of insurance .
Types of insurance contracts
General insurance Life insurance
Pure Endowment policy Life annuities policy
property insurance
Liability insurance
 marine insurance
 Badly injury
 fire insurance
insurance
 car insurance
 Property damage
 glass insurance
insurance
 aviation insurance
 General liability
 burglary and theft
insurance
insurance
56
General insurance policies

Definition:
This field of insurance consists of two main types ; the first is
property insurance and the second is liability insurance .
The main types of property insurance that are listed as :-
 Marine insurance:
it is divided into ocean marine and inland marine.
Ocean marine covers ships or vessels and their cargo, but
inland marine covers goods being carried covers cargo being
shipped by air.
 Fire insurance:
covers the loss or damage ( house – factory – store ) and
personal property because fire.
 Car insurance:
It considered the largest line in property insurance. Under the
car insurance the available coverage include protection
against legal liability claims , payment of medical expenses ,
57
payment for the theft , damage to the insured cars and
protection uninsured motorists.
 Burglary and theft insurance:
This insurance covers the loss of property, money because of
burglary.
 Home insurance:
This insurance covers a lot of risks of the home such as fire ,
lightning , explosion , windstorm and theft .
 Glass insurance:
This insurance covers breakage in insured buildings and
stores.
58
Characteristics of general insurance policies
1- General insurance policies often annual period.
2- This policies do not contain the savings part because the
short-term.
3- The premiums of general insurance are annual and paid in
advance.
4- These policies subject to the principles of subrogation ,
indemnity and contribution.
59
Life insurance policies
Definition of life insurance policy:
Insurance company agrees to pay to the insured ( or beneficiary ) a
specified amount or annually upon occurrence of an event, or upon
occurrence of death or disability (the death of insured)
Definitions:
A- Insurer:
Is the insurance company that undertakes to pay amount or
periodical payment upon occurrence of death or Life .
B- Life insured:
Is the person who is the subject matter of insurance.
C- Beneficiary:
Is the person who gets sum of amount insured or the
periodical payment.
D- Insured:
Is the person who is write the insurance contract with the
insurer and pays the premiums.
60
Characteristics of life insurance policies
1- Most of life insurance policies are written for long time.
2- Most of life insurance policies have cash value.
3- life insurance policies are not subject to principles to
subrogation , contribution and indemnity.
4- Most of life insurance policies are valued policies, that is
the insurance company promises to pay definite sun insured
when the risk occurred.
5- Premiums of life insurance contains two parts:
- Provides pure insurance protection.
- Saving elements of cash value policies.
61
Chapter Six
Actuarial mathematics
of life insurance
 Mortality tables.
 Life Insurance policies.

Chapter Six : Actuarial mathematics of life insurance
Mortality tables
How to create the table:

Note and follow up a group of people from the moment of birth
until death and record the results in a table .
This table is consists of six columns as following :
 The first column : Age ( X )
 The second column : Number of livings ( Lx )
 The third column : Number of dying ( d x )
 The fourth column : Probability of death ( q x )
 The fifth column : Probability of survival ( p x )
 The sixth column : Number of remaining ( N x )
Age Number  Number of Probability Probability of Number of

of livings dying of death survival remaining
X (Lx) (qx) ( px) (Nx )
( dx)
0 1000 200 0.2 0.8 800
1 800 200 0.25 0.75 600
2 600 300 0.5 0.5 300
3 300 100 0.33 0.67 200
4 200 200 1 0 0
63
200
qx= dx = = 0.2
Lx 1000
dx =Lx× qx
= 1000 × 0.2 = 200
Px =1- qx
= 1 - 0.2 = 0.8
q x= 1 - p x
Nx= Lx- dx
= 1000 – 200 = 800

or
Nx= Lx× px
= 1000 × 0.8 = 800
L x +1 = N x
800 = 800
64
Example (1)
Given the mortality rates of population in Sohag over the age 30 ,
31 , 32 , 33 , 34 and 35 as following :
q 30 = 0.0155
q 31 = 0.0156
q 32 = 0.0158
q 33 = 0.0159
q 34 = 0.0160
q 35 = 0.0162
Required :
Construction of mortality table in Sohag , if you know L30 =
1000000 individuals
65
Solution
X of livings dying ( dx) of death (q x) survival ( p x) remaining
(Lx) (N x )
30 1000000 15500 0.0155 0.9845 984500
31 984500 15358 0.0156 0.9844 969142
32 969142 15313 0.0158 0.9842 953829
33 953829 15166 0.0159 0.9841 938663
34 937663 15018 0,0160 0.9840 923645
35 923645 14963 0.0162 0.9838 908682
d 30 = L 30 × q 30
= 1000000 × 0.0155 = 15500
P 30 = 1 – q 30
= 1- 0.0155 = 0. 9845
N 30 = L 30 – d 30
= 1000000 – 15500 = 984500
66
Age 31 :
L 31 = N 30 = 984500
d 31 = L 30 × q 30
= 984500 × 0.0156 = 15358
P 31 = 1 – q 31
= 1 – 0.0156 = 0.9844
N 31 = L 31 – d 31
= 984500 – 15358 = 696142
Age 32:
L 32 = N 31 = 696142
d 32 = L 32 × q 32
= 696142 × 0.0158 = 15313
67
P 32 = 1 – q 32
= 1 – 0.0158 = 0.9842
N 32 = L 32 – d 32
= 69142 – 15313 = 953829
Age 33:
L 33 = N 32 = 953829
d 33 = L 33 × q 33
= 953829 × 0.0159 = 15166
P 33 = 1 – q 33
= 1 – 0.0159 = 0.9841
N 33 = L 33 – d 33
68
= 953829 – 15166 = 938663

Age 34:
L 34 = N 33 = 938663
d 34 = L 34 × q 34
= 938663 × 0.0160 = 15018
P 34 = 1 – q 34
= 1 – 0.0160 = 0.9840
N 34 = L 34 – d 34
= 938663 – 15018 = 923645
Age 35:
L 35 = N 35 = 923645
d 35 = L 35 × q 35
= 923645 × 0.0162 = 14963
P 35 = 1 – q 35
69
= 1 – 0.0162 = 0.9838
N 35 = L 35 – d 35
= 923645 – 14963 = 908682
Example (2)
Complete the following table :

(Lx) (N x )
40 ‫؟‬ 370 ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬
41 99630 ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬
42 ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬
43 98804 454 ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬
44 98350 ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ 0.9950 ‫؟‬
Solution
Age 40:
L x = Lx+1 + d x
L 40 = L 41 + d 40
70
= 99630 + 370 = 100000
N 40 = L 41 = 99630
d 40 370
q 40 = = = 0.0037
L 40 100000
P 40 = 1 – q 40
= 1- 0.0037 = 0.99630
Age 41:
N 41 = L 42 = 99231
d 41 = L41 – N 41
= 99630 – 99231 = 399
d 41 399
q 41 = = = 0.0040
L 41 99630
P 41 = 1 – q 41
= 1- 0.0040 = 0.9960
Age 42 :
N 43 = L44 = 98350
71
L 43 = d 43 + N 43
= 454 + 98350 = 98804
N 42 = L 43 = 98804
d 42 = L42 – N 42
= 99231 – 98804 = 427
d 42 427
q 42 = = = 0.0043
L 42 99231
P 42 = 1 – q 42
= 1- 0.0043 = 0.9957
Age 43 :
d 43 454
q 43 = = = 0.0046
L 43 98804
P 43 = 1 – q 43
= 1- 0.0046 = 0.9954
Age 44 :
q 44 = 1 – p 44
72
= 1- 0.9950 = 0.0050
d 44 = L 44 × q 44
= 98350 × 0.0050 = 492
N 44 = L 44 – d 44
= 98350 – 492 = 97858
(Lx) (N x )
40 1000000 370 0.0037 0.99630 99630
41 99630 399 0.0040 0.9960 99231
42 99231 427 0.0043 0.9957 98804
43 98804 454 0.0046 0.9954 98350
44 98350 492 0,0050 0.9950 97858
73
Example (2)
Complete the following table :

(Lx) (N x )
75 ............ 2476 ............ ............ ............
76 22761 2431 ............ ............ ............
77 ............ ............ ..111.6 ............ ............
78 ............ 2291 ............ ............ ............
79 15781
74
Solution
Lx = Lx+1+dx
dx
L75 = L76 + d75 qx=
Lx
D75
= 22761+2476 = 25237 q75=
L75
Lx = Lx+1+dx 2476
=
25237
L78 = L79 + d78 = 0.0981
= 15781 +2291 = 18072 px= 1 – qx
Lx+1 = Lx – dx p75= 1 – q75
L77 = L76 – d76 = 1 – 0.0981
= 22761 – 2431 = 20330 = 0.9019
Dx = Lx – Lx+1 Nx = Lx+1
D77 = L77 – L78 N75 = L76 = 22761
= 20330 – 18072 = 2258
75
Number of Number of Probability Probability

Age Number of
livings dying of death of survival remaining

X
(Lx)  ( dx) (q x) ( p x) (N x )
75 25237 2476 ...981 ..9.19 22761
76 22761 2431 ..1.68 ..8932 2.33.
77 2.33. 58 22 ..111.6 ..889 18.72
78 18.72 2291 ..1268 ..8732 15781
79 15781
76
Types of life insurance

policies
(1) (3)
Life policies Life and death

policies
( mixing )
(2)
Death policies
77
Life policies
Endowment policy
Life annuities
Dx +n
*S
Dx
Temporary Whole life
Non-deferred deferred
Due Ordinary
Due Ordinary
Nx+m Nx+m+1
*S *S
Nx Nx+1 Dx Dx
*S *S
Dx Dx
78
Temporary
Non- deferred deferred
Due Ordinary
Nx+m – Nx+m+n Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1

*S *S
Dx Dx
Due Ordinary
Nx – Nx+n Nx+1 – Nx+n+1

*S *S
Dx Dx
79
Death insurance
Temporary
Whole life
policy

Mx – Mx+n
*S Mx+m – Mx+m+n
Dx *S
Dx

Mx Mx+m
*S *S
Dx Dx
80
Life and death policies

( mixing )
Mixed relative
Mixed ordinary
Dx +n Mx – Mx+n
( *S) + ( * R* S)
Dx +n Mx – Mx+n
( Dx + Dx )* S Dx Dx
Mixed double
Dx +n Mx – Mx+n
( Dx *S) + ( Dx * 2 S)
81
Example (1):
Find the net single premium of pure endowment policy of 20000 L.E
payable in 10 years to a person now aged 30.
Solution
Endowment policy
net single premium
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D30+10
A= *20000
D30
Example (2):
Find the net single premium for 20000 L.E 20 years endowment policy
issued to a man 25 years old.
Solution
Life and death policies( mixing ) Mixed ordinary

net single premium
Dx+ n + (Mx – Mx+n)

A x:n = *S
Dx
82
D45 + (M25 – M45)

A= *20000
D25
Example (3):
Find the net single premium for a 25 years endowment insurance policy of
7000 L.E deferred 10years, issued to a man 30 years old.
Solution
Life and death policies( mixing ) Mixed ordinary

net single premium
Dx+ n+m + (Mx+m – Mx+n+m)

A x:n = *S
Dx
D65 + (M40 – M65)

A= *7000
D30
Example (4):
Ahmad, aged 40, contracted with Misr Life Insurance to guarantee
you get the following advantages:
1- 10 000 L.E paid when he died before reaching the age of 50.
2- 20 000 L.E paid in the case of death between age 50 age 60.
3- 30 000 L.E paid in the case of survival until age 60.
4- 20 000 L.E paid annually at the age of 60.
Without using the included table
83
Find Due and Ordinary policy?
a) The net single premium.
b) The net annual premium if the policy is a 10 payment.
Solution
1- 10 000 L.E paid when he died before reaching the age of 50.
Death insurance Temporary Non- deferred
The net single premium.

(Mx – Mx+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M40 – M50)
A= *10 000
D40
The net annual premium if the policy is a 10 payment.
(Mx – Mx+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M40 – M50)
A= *10 000
N40+10
2- 20 000 L.E paid in the case of death between age 50 age 60.
Death insurance Temporary deferred
84

(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M50 – M60)
A= *20 000
D40
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M50 – M60)
A= *20 000
N40+10
3- 30 000 L.E paid in the case of survival until age 60.
Endowment policy:
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D60
A= *30000
D40
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D60
A= *30000
D40+10
85
4- 20 000 L.E paid annually when the age of 60.
Life annuities Whole life deferred

a- Due policy.
The net single premium
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
N60
A= *20 000
D40
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N60
A= *20 000
N40+10
b- Ordinary policy
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
N61
A= *20 000
D40
86
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N61
A= *20 000
N40+10
Example (5):
Ahmad, aged 32, contracted with Misr Life Insurance to guarantee
you get the following advantages:
a- An amount of 150,000 L.E at the age of 60 years.
b- An amount of 100,000 L.E will be paid to his daughter at age
of 10 years if his death occurred before the age of 50 years.
c- An annual amount 3,000 L.E will be paid to him from the age
of 40 until the age of 55.
- The net single premium.
- The net annual premium if the policy is a 10 payment.
87
Solution
a- An amount of 150,000 L.E at the age of 60 years.
Endowment policy:
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D60
A= *50000
D32
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D60
A= *50000
N32+10
b- An amount of 100,000 L.E will be paid to his daughter at age
of 10 years if his death occurred before the age of 50 years.
(Mx – Mx+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M32 – M50)
A= *100 000
D32
88
(Mx – Mx+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M32 – M50)
A= *100 000
N32+10
c- An annual amount 3,000 L.E will be paid to him start from
the age of 40 until the age of 55.
Life annuities policy Temporary deferred

1- Due policy.
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N40 – N55)
A= *3 000
D32
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(N40 – N55)
A= *3 000
N32+10
89
2- Ordinary policy
(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N41 – N56)
A= *3 000
D32

(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(N41 – N56)
A= *3 000
N32+10
Example (6):
Amr , 20 years old contracted with Misr Life Insurance to
guarantee him the following advantages:
a) an amount of 100,000 LE paid to his heirs if he died before
reaching the age of 40.
b) an amount of 200,000 LE paid to his daughter at age of 10
years if his death occurred between age 40 and age 60.
90
c) an amount of 500,000 LE paid to him if he lived until age 60.
1- The net single premium.
2- The net annual premium if the policy is a 5 payment.
Solution
A- an amount of 100,000 LE paid to his heirs if he died before
(Mx – Mx+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M20 – M40)
A= *100 000
D20
(Mx – Mx+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M20 – M40)
A= *100 000
N20+5
91
B- an amount of 200,000 LE paid to his daughter at age of 10

(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M40 – M60)
A= *200 000
D20
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M40 – M60)
A= *200 000
N20+5
C- an amount of 500,000 LE paid to him if he lived until age 60.
Endowment policy :
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D60
A= *500000
D20
92
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D60
A= *500000
N20+5
Example (7):
A policy issued to a man aged 30 year, promises to pay:
a) 1000 L.E if he is alive at age 40.
b) 2000 L.E if he dies after reaching age 40, but before reaching
50.
c) 3000 L.E if he dies after reaching age 50.
d) 4000 L.E yearly for life, and the first payment is due at age 50
if he is alive.
2- The net annual premium if the policy is a 3 payment
policy.
93
Solution
Endowment policy
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D40
A= *1000
D30
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D40
A= *1000
N30+3
50.

(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M40 – M50)
A= *2 000
D30
94

(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M40 – M50)
A= *2 000
N30+3
Death insurance Whole life policy deferred
Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
M50
A= *3 000
D30
Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
M50
A= *3 000
N30+3
if he is alive.
95

1- Due policy.
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
N50
A= *4 000
D30
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N50
A= *4 000
N30+3
Ordinary policy
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
N51
A= *4 000
D30
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N51
A= *4 000
N30+3
96
Example (8):
marawan, 27 years old contracted with Misr Life Insurance to
guarantee him the following advantages:
a) an amount of 100,000 LE paid to his heirs if he died before
b) an amount of 200,000 LE paid to his daughter at age of 10
c) an amount of 500,000 LE paid to him if he lived until age 60.
2- The net annual premium if the policy is a 5 payment.
Solution
A- an amount of 100,000 LE paid to his heirs if he died before
97

(Mx – Mx+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M27 – M40)
A= *100 000
D27
(Mx – Mx+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M27 – M40)
A= *100 000
N27+5
B- an amount of 200,000 LE paid to his daughter at age of 10

(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M40 – M60)
A= *200 000
D27
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
98
(M40 – M60)
A= *200 000
N27+5
C- an amount of 500,000 LE paid to him if he lived until age 60.
Endowment policy
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D60
A= *500000
D27
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D60
A= *500000
N27+5
Example (9):
50.
99
if he is alive.
policy.
Solution
Endowment policy
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D40
A= *1000
D35
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D40
A= *1000
N35+3
100
50.

(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M40 – M50)
A= *2 000
D35
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M40 – M50)
A= *2 000
N35+3
Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
M50
A= *3 000
D35
101
Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
M50
A= *3 000
N35+3
if he is alive.

1- Due policy.
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
N50
A= *4 000
D35
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
102
N50
A= *4 000
N35+3
Ordinary policy
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
N51
A= *4 000
D35
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N51
A= *4 000
N35+3
Example (10):
60.
103
if he is alive.
e) 6000 L.E yearly, and the first payment is due at age 50 if he is
alive until the age of 55.
f) 1000 L.E yearly for life.
policy.
Solution

Endowment policy

Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D60
A= *1800
D25
104
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D60
A= *1800
N25+3
60.
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M45 – M60)
A= *2 000
D25
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M45 – M60)
A= *2 000
N25+3
105
Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
M60
A= *3 000
D25

Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
M60
A= *3 000
N25+3
d) 4000 L.E yearly for life, and the first payment is due at age
50 if he is alive.

1- Due policy.
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
N50
A= *4 000
D25
106
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N50
A= *4 000
N25+3
Ordinary policy
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
N51
A= *4 000
D25
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N51
A= *4 000
N25+3
e) 6000 L.E yearly, and the first payment is due at age 50 if he
is alive until the age of 55.

1- Due policy.
107
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N50 – N55)
A= *6 000
D25
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(N50 – N55)
A= *6 000
N25+3
2- Ordinary policy
(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N51 – N56)
A= *6 000
D25
(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
108
(N51 – N56)
A= *6 000
N25+3
Life annuities whole life Whole life Non-deferred

Due policy.
Nx
A x:n = *S
Dx
N25
A= *1 000
D25
Nx
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N25
A= *1 000
N25+3
Ordinary policy
Nx+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
109
N26
A= *1 000
D25
Nx+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N26
A= *1 000
N25+3
Example (11):
60.
if he is alive.
110
policy.
Solution

Endowment policy

Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D30
A= *1800
D20
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D30
A= *1800
N20+4
111
60.
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M35 – M60)
A= *2 000
D20
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M35 – M60)
A= *2 000
N20+4

Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
M50
A= *3 000
D20
112

Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
M50
A= *3 000
N20+4
if he is alive.

1- Due policy.
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
N30
A= *4 000
D20
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N30
A= *4 000
N20+4
113
Ordinary policy
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
N31
A= *4 000
D20
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N31
A= *4 000
N20+4
2- 6000 L.E yearly, and the first payment is due at age 50
if he is alive until the age of 55.

1- Due policy.
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N50 – N55)
A= *6 000
D20
114
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(N50 – N55)
A= *6 000
N20+4
2- Ordinary policy
(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N51 – N56)
A= *6 000
D20
(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(N51 – N56)
A= *6 000
N20+4
3- 1000 L.E yearly for life.
Life annuities Whole life Non-deferred
115
Due policy.
Nx
A x:n = *S
Dx
N20
A= *1 000
D20
Nx
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N20
A= *1 000
N20+4
Ordinary policy
Nx+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
N21
A= *1 000
D20
116
Nx+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N21
A= *1 000
N20+4
Example (12):
60.
if he is alive.
117
policy.
Solution

Endowment policy
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D60
A= *1800
D22
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D60
A= *1800
N22+3
60.
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
118
(M45 – M60)
A= *2 000
D22
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M45 – M60)
A= *2 000
N22+3

Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
M60
A= *3 000
D22

Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
M60
A= *3 000
N22+3
119
if he is alive.

1- Due policy.
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
N50
A= *4 000
D22
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N50
A= *4 000
N22+3
Ordinary policy
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
120
N51
A= *4 000
D22
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N51
A= *4 000
N22+3
2- 6000 L.E yearly, and the first payment is due at age 50
if he is alive until the age of 55.

1- Due policy.
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N50 – N55)
A= *6 000
D22
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
121
(N50 – N55)
A= *6 000
N22+3
2- Ordinary policy
(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N51 – N56)
A= *6 000
D22
(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(N51 – N56)
A= *6 000
N22+3
3- 1000 L.E yearly for life.
Due policy.
Nx
A x:n = *S
Dx
122
N22
A= *1 000
D22
Nx
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N22
A= *1 000
N22+3
Ordinary policy
Nx+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
N23
A= *1 000
D22
Nx+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N23
A= *1 000
N22+3
123
Example (13):
60.
if he is alive.
- The net single premium.
- The net annual premium if the policy is a 4 payment
policy.
124
Solution

Endowment policy
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Dx
D30
A= *180
D20
Dx+ n
A x:1/n= *S
Nx+n
D30
A= *180
N20+4
60.
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(M35 – M60)
A= *2 00
D20
125
(Mx+m – Mx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(M35 – M60)
A= *2 00
N20+4

Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
M50
A= *3 00
D20

Mx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
M50
A= *3 00
N20+4
if he is alive.
126
1- Due policy.
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Dx
N30
A= *4 00
D20
Nx+m
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N30
A= *4 00
N20+4
Ordinary policy
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
N31
A= *4 00
D20
127
Nx+m+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N31
A= *4 00
N20+4

1- Due policy.
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N50 – N55)
A= *6 00
D20
(Nx+m – Nx+m+n)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(N50 – N55)
A= *6 00
N20+4
128
2- Ordinary policy
(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Dx
(N51 – N56)
A= *6 00
D20
(Nx+m+1 – Nx+m+n+1)
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
(N51 – N56)
A= *6 00
N20+4

Due policy.
Nx
A x:n = *S
Dx
N20
A= *1 00
D20
129
Nx
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N20
A= *1 00
N20+4
Ordinary policy
Nx+1
A x:n = *S
Dx
N21
A= *1 00
D20
Nx+1
A x:n = *S
Nx+n
N21
A= *1 00
N20+4
130
Chapter seven
Fire insurance
 Introduction.
 Procedure for Fire Insurance.
 Characteristics of Fire Insurance.
 Risks can be Insured.
 The general exclusions under fire insurance policy.
 Types of Fire Policies.
 Fire Prevention / Fire Protection.

 a Claim under the Fire Insurance Policy.
Chapter Seven : Fire insurance
Introduction:
Fire insurance was started after marine insurance. Marine insurance
was useful only to persons engaged in some kind of trade. The fire havoc
can be experienced by persons of all walks of life. The Great Fire of
London in 1956 destroyed 13,000 houses in four days. This „Great Fire‟
gave birth to Fire Insurance. Fire insurance is a contract to indemnify the
loss suffered by the insured. This contract does not help in controlling or
preventing fire but it is a promise to compensate the loss.
A fire insurance is an agreement between two parties, i.e., insurer and
insured, whereby insurer undertakes to indemnify the loss suffered by the
insured in consideration for his (insured) paying of certain sum called
„Premium‟.
A fire insurance contact may be defined as „an agreement‟ whereby
one party in return for a consideration undertakes to indemnify the other
party against financial loss which the latter may sustain by reason of
certain subject-matter being damaged or destroyed by fire or other
defined perils up to an agreed amount.
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The term ‘fire’ must satisfy two conditions:
(a) There must be actual fire or ignition;
(b) The fire should be accidental.
The property must be damaged or burnt by fire. If the property is
damaged by heat or smoke without ignition it will not be covered under
the word „fire‟.
Fire Insurance Definition
Fire insurance means insurance against any loss caused by fire. Section
2(61 of the Insurance Act defines fire insurance as follows: “Fire
insurance business means the business of effecting, otherwise than
incidentally to some other class of business, contracts of insurance
against loss by or incidental to fire or other occurrence customarily
included among the risks insured against in fire insurance policies.”
What is ‘Fire’?
The term fire in a Fire Insurance Policy is interpreted in the literal and
popular sense. There is fire when something burns. In English cases it has
been held that there is no fire unless there is ignition. Stanley v. Western
133
Insurance Co. Fire produces heat and light but either o them alone is not
fire. Lighting is not fire. But if lighting ignites something, the damage
may be covered by a fire-policy. The same is the case with electricity.
Who Can avail Fire Insurance
Any person or firm that has a financial interest in the property to be
insured can avail this insurance. This means that owners of property,
firms that holds property in trust or on commission and Financial
Institutions which have a financial interest in a property can avail this
insurance.
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Procedure for Fire Insurance:
A number of steps must be taken to enter into a contract between the
insurance company and the insured to indemnify the property of latter
from the risk of fire. These are called procedures of effecting the fire
insurance policy. The following are the important steps that must be taken
to buy a fire insurance policy.
1. Submission of proposal
An intending person must fill up the printed proposal form which is
distributed by the insurance company free of cost. The proposal form
solicits, in addition to the name and address of the proposer, other
particulars concerning the object to be insured and the physical and moral
hazards involved in it.
2. Evidence of moral character or responsibility
Since a fire insurance contract involves moral hazards, the insurance
companies may ask for documentary evidence of moral character and
responsibility of the proposer issued in his favor by respected persons or
135
agencies. Many insurance companies do not ask for it these days,
however. But if required, it must be enclosed with the proposal form.
3. Survey and physical verification
After receiving the proposal, the insurance company sends the surveyors
for physical verification of proposed insurable object. While verifying the
object physically, the surveyors have to see the location and the
arrangements made for the protection of the insurable object.
4. Acceptance of proposal
The insurance company accepts the proposal of the risks deem insurable
after the assessment of the survey report and the evidence of
respectability. Accordingly, a letter of acceptance is written to the
proposer instructing him to pay the premium.
5. Payment of premium
The proposer makes the payment of the specified premium at the
specified time. Upon receiving premium, the insurance company issues
the installment receipt together with the cover note which acknowledges
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the acceptance of the proposal by the insurance company. The cover note
is also called interim protection note.
6. Commencement of risk
The liability on the part of insurance company begins right from the date
of issue of interim protection note. It is usually written for a period of 30
days in lieu of the policy document according to which the fire risks of
the insured are borne by the insurance company. It is automatically
cancelled from the date of the issue of policy document.
7. Issue of fire insurance policy
The insurance policy takes sometime to get it ready. After its
preparation during the period covered by the cover note, it is sent to
the policyholder. The fire insurance policy document includes
everything concerning the terms and conditions of the contract and is
useful in ascertaining the mutual rights and duties of the insurer and
insured.
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Characteristics of Fire Insurance
1. Fire insurance is a contract of indemnity. The insurer is liable only
to the extent of the actual loss suffered. If there is no loss there is no
liability even if there is a fire.
2. Fire insurance is a contract of good faith. The policy-holder and the
insurer must disclose all the material facts known to them.
3. Fire insurance policy is usually made for one year only. The policy
can be renewed according to the terms of the policy.
4. The contract of insurance is embodied in a policy called the fire
policy. Such policies usually cover specific properties for a
specified period.
5. Insurable Interest: A fire policy is valid only if the policy-holder has
an insurable interest in the property covered. Such interest must
exist at the time when the loss occurs. In English cases it has been
held that the following persons have insurable interest for the
purposes of fire insurance- owner; tenants, bailees, including
carriers; mortgages and charge-holders.
6. In case of several policies for the same property, each insurer is
entitled to contribution from the others. After a loss occurs and
138
payment is made, the insurer is subrogated to the rights and interests
of the policy-holder. An insurer can reinsure a part of the risk.
7. Fire policies cover losses caused proximately by fire. The term loss
by fire is interpreted liberally. Example: A women hid her jewellery
under the coal in her fireplace. Later on she forgot about the
jewellery and lit the fire. The jewellery was damaged. Held, she
could recover under the fire policy.
8. Nothing can be recovered under a fire policy if the fire is caused by
a deliberate act of policy-holder. In such cases the policy-holder is
liable to criminal prosecution.
9. Fire policies generally contain a condition that the insurer will not
be liable if the fire is caused by riot, civil disturbances, war and
explosions. In the absence of any specific expectation the insurer is
liable for all losses caused by fire, whatever may be the causes of
the fire.
10. Assignment: According to English law a policy of fire insurance
can be assigned only with the consent of the insurer. In India such
consent is not necessary and the policy can be assigned as a chose-
in-action under the Transfer of Property Act. The insurer is bound
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when notice is given to him. But the assignee cannot be recovering
damages unless he has an insurable interest in the property at the
time when the loss occurs. A stranger cannot sue on a fire policy.
11. Payment of Claims: Fire policies generally contain a clause
providing that upon the occurrence of fire the insurer shall be
immediately notified so that the insurer can take steps to salvage the
remainder of the property and can also determine the extent of the
loss. Insurance companies keep experts on their staff of value the
loss. If in a policy there is an international over valuation of the
property by the policy-holder, the policy may be avoided on the
ground of fraud.
140
Risks can be Insured:
1. Buildings
2. Plant & Machinery (including accessories & spares)
3. Fittings , Furniture , Fixtures, Office Equipment & Office contents
4. Stock-in-trade ( or Stock-of-raw materials / Stocks-in-process and
Stock of Finished Products in case of a manufacturing firm) etc.
5. Loss of rent Payable / Receivable (if a separate Consequential Loss
Insurance is not being availed) can be insured under a Fire
Insurance policy.
6. Liability to Landlord for loss or damage to the premises caused by
an insured peril can also be included under the policy.
141
The general exclusions under fire insurance policy

There are nine exclusions under the policy. They are:
1. 5% (or minimum.10,000 L.E) of each and every claim resulting
from the operation of Lightning/ STFI/ Subsidence & Landslide
including Rockslide covered under the policy, and the
first.10,000L.E for loss under other perils. This is an 'excess' or
'deductible'.
2. Loss or damage caused by war, civil war and kindred perils.
3. Loss or damage directly or indirectly caused to the property insured
by nuclear risks.
4. Loss or damage caused to the insured property by pollution or
contamination.
5. Loss or damage to bullion or unset precious stones, curios or works
of art, for amount exceeding.10,000L.E, manuscripts, plans
drawings, securities, obligations, any kind of documents, stamps,
coins, paper money, cheques, books of accounts, business books,
computer system records and explosives. However, some of these
properties may be covered subject to special terms and conditions.
142
6. Loss or damage to the stocks in cold storage premises caused by
change of temperature, though deterioration of stocks in cold
storage premises due to power failure may be covered by an
endorsement.
7. Loss or damage to any electrical/ electronic machines, apparatus,
fixtures and fittings arising from over running, excessive pressure,
short circuiting, arcing, self-heating or leakage of electricity etc.
These risks are called Electrical Risks. These risks can be covered
under Machinery Insurance.
8. Expenses incurred on
- Architects, Surveyors and Consulting Engineers fees.
- Debris Removal necessarily incurred by the insured
following a loss by an insured peril in excess of 3% and
1% of the claim amount respectively.
9. Loss of earnings, loss by delay, loss of market or other
consequential/indirect loss or damage of any kind. The fire policy
covers only material damage. However, some of the consequential
losses can be covered under a separate consequential loss policy.
10. Lightning
143
11. Riots & Strikes
12. Malicious Damage
13. Aircraft Damage
14. Impact Damage (by vehicles & animals)
15. Storm, Typhoon, Tempest & the like
16. Floods including overflow of accumulated rain water following
very heavy rains
17. Earth-quake
18. Bursting of Water tanks & other apparatus
19. Burglary involving the use of force for entry into or exit from the
insured premises.
144
Types of Fire Policies:
There are a number of fire insurance policies to suit different interests.
A number of factors are considered before deciding about the kinds of
policies to be taken.
These factors are:
1. The type of risk involved.
2. The nature of the property to be insured.
3. The contents of the property.
4. Occupancy hazards.
5. Exposure hazards.
6. The time element.
The following kinds of policies are generally issued for fire

insurance:
1. Specific policy :
It is a policy in which the value insured against is specified. Under this
policy a definite amount is insured on a specified property and in the
145
event of loss, it will be paid if the loss falls within the specified amount.
For example, if a person has taken a policy of L.E. 10,000 against a
property worth L.E. 15,000 and he suffers a loss of L.E. 9,000, he can
realize the whole loss from the insurer. But if the loss amounts to L.E.
13,000, only L.E. 10,000 can be recovered.
2. Valued policy :
It is a policy under which the insure undertakes to pay the insured the
amount of the value of the property declared in the policy. Under this
policy, the value of the subject-matter is previously agreed between the
insured and the insurer and this value forms the basis of indemnity. The
actual market value is not taken into account. Thus, the amount payable
under a valued policy may be more or less than the actual value of the
property.
Valued policies are not generally issued in fire insurance. They are
usually issued on pictures, works of art, sculptures and such other things
whose value cannot be easily determined.
146
3. Average policy:
A fire policy containing „Average clause‟ is called an average policy.
Under this policy, if the actual value is greater than the insured amount,
the insurance company will pay proportionately and the insured is
deemed to be his own insurer, for the balance. The claim is arrived at by
dividing the amount of insurance by the actual value of the subject-matter
and multiplying it by the amount of loss.
For instance, if a person insures his goods worth L.E. 40,000 for
L.E.30,000 only, and the loss caused by fire is L.E 20,000, then the
amount of claim to be paid by the insurer will be 30,000/40,000*20,000 =
L.E. 15,000. The insured will have to bear his own loss for L.E. 5,000.
Thus, under an average policy, the insured is penalized for under-
insurance of the property.
The object of this policy is to prevent under-insurance and to induce the
insured to take out a fire policy for the correct value.
147
4. Floating policies:
This policy is taken out to over goods belonging to the same person but
lying in different lots at different places under one sum for one premium.
For example, a manufacturer or a trader may take one floating policy for
all his goods lying in part in warehouses, railway stations, port etc. The
premium charged under such a policy is generally the average of the
permia that would have been paid if each lot of the goods had been
insured under specific policies for specific amount. This policy is useful
when the insured is in a position to declare only the total value at risk and
not separate values in separate risks. Floating policies cannot be issued to
cover goods in unspecified buildings or places, nor can they be extended
to more than one town or village. Floating polices are always subject to
an average clause.
5. Reinstatement or replacement policies :
Under this policy the insurer undertakes to pay the full price of the
property required to be replaced. Here it is possible to recover not the
depreciated value of buildings or machinery, but the cost of replacement
148
of the damaged property by new property but of the same kind. This
policy is issued in respect of buildings, or plant and machinery.
This type of policy was introduced after the First World War when there
was very heavy inflation the world over.
6. Declaration policy :
Goods which are subject to frequent fluctuations in value or in volume,
present a special problem for insurance. In such a case if a businessman
takes out a policy for the maximum amount, he has unnecessarily to pay a
high premium and if he takes out a policy for a lower amount, he has
unnecessarily to pay a high premium and if he takes out a policy for a
lower amount the large part of his stock may remain uncovered. So, to
remove this difficulty, the „declaration policy‟ in introduced, which
intends to provide maximum cover and at the same time to avoid over-
insurance with consequent over-payment of premium.
This policy is issued with a provisional premium which is calculated on
75% of the sum insured. The insured must declare in writing the stocks
covered under the policy during each month within 14 days of each
calendar month (or any other date specified in the policy). At the end of
149
the year the average amount of stock at risk is calculated on the basis of
the total declarations and this average amount forms the amount insured.
A minimum amount, however, is charged by the insurer under this policy.
7. Comprehensive policy :
A fire policy usually does not cover loss occurring as a result of riots,
civil strife, rebellion, etc. But fire insurance companies do sometimes
issue policies of a comprehensive nature to house-owners. Such policies
usually cover the risks such as fire, explosion, thunderbolt, lightning,
riots, strike etc. Such a policy is known as comprehensive policy or “All
Insurance policy.” Such policies are not common in our country.
8. Consequential loss policy :
It is a policy in which the underwriter agrees to indemnify the insured for
the loss of profits which he suffers due to the dislocation of his business,
caused by fire. It is also called „loss of profits policy.
150
Another classification of types of policies:
Types Of Fire Insurance Policy on the basis of risks covered, values of
properties and kinds of indemnity provided, the fire insurance policy can
be classified into the following types:
1. Types of fire insurance policy on the basis of risk covered
On the basis of coverage of risk, the fire insurance policy can be divided
into the following three types:
i. Comprehensive policy
A fire insurance policy is called comprehensive policy when it covers
other risks of loss caused by burglary, riots, arson, civil commotion,
explosions, civil war, accidents and others in addition to the risk of loss
caused by fire in one single policy.
ii. Blanket policy
A fire insurance policy in which a single policy is used to insure
properties located at one or different locations against the risk of fire is
called blanket policy. The insured may have different properties at
151
different locations. If one policy is take for all the properties located at
different places, it is called blanket fire insurance policy.
iii. Consequential loss policy
A consequential loss fire insurance policy is meant for indemnifying the
loss caused not directly by fire but incidental to the event of fire. Under
this type of fire insurance policy, the insurance company not only
compensate the loss caused by fire, but also other indirect losses such as
loss of net profit due to expenses like salaries, interest, increased cost of
advertising and hiring of temporary premises.
2. Types of fire insurance policy on the basis of indemnity
On the basis of indemnity and coverage, fire insurance policy can be
divided into following types:
i. Valued policy
A fire insurance policy is valued when the insured amount payable as
indemnity to the policyholder is valued at the outset while issuing the
policy.
152
ii. Valuable policy
Contrary to valued policy, valuable fire insurance policy is one in which
the amount to be indemnified is valued after the event of fire. In this type
of fire insurance policy, property is not valued at the time of taking
policy. It is valued later when the incidence of fire occurs and damage is
caused.
iii. Average policy
The fire insurance policy, which is termed with the average clause in its
indemnification is called average policy. Under this policy, the insurer
does not undertake to indemnify the actual loss if the insured property is
under-insured. Rather, it is the average value of the actual loss relative to
the actual value of the property insured, which is paid by the insurance
company as compensation.
iv. Specific policy
Like the average policy, a specific fire insurance policy defines the risk
coverage when under-insurance takes place. It is a policy in that it
153
undertakes to indemnify the actual loss only within the extent of value
insured.
v. Reinstatement policy
Under a reinstatement policy, the insurance company undertakes to
replace the property damaged by fire. In this policy, the actual loss is not
indemnified in monetary terms but insured goods or property is replaced.
3. Types of fire insurance policy on the basis of value of stock
The fire insurance policy can be divided into the following types on the
basis of value of stock:
i. Floating policy
A floating policy is one by which one or several kinds of goods lying at
different locations are insured under one policy and fore one premium.
ii. Excess policy
An excess policy is supplementary fire insurance policy, which is
purchased to cover additional risks beyond the coverage of original first
loss policy. In such a case, a first loss policy is purchased for minimum
stock value and additionally an excess policy is purchased for an
154
anticipated increase in the total value of stock. This fire insurance policy
is purchase by such merchants whose stocks fluctuate from time to time.
iii. Declaration policy
This fire insurance policy is issued for the maximum value of stock to be
insured. At the beginning of contract, three-fourths of the premium
payable is charged from the insured in advance. Every month, the
policyholder is required to declare the value of present stock. In case of
loss by fire, the compensation is made on the basis of the declared value.
At the end of the insured period, based on the values of stock declared,
the total of premium payable is worked out as average.
155
Fire Prevention / Fire Protection
It is essential that a property owner take adequate precautions to
protect himself from fire losses. It is always to be remembered that even
insurance can compensate only for the material value of the loss suffered.
But the damages caused by a fire can go far beyond material loss. The
following would provide the reader with a preliminary list of measures
that can be taken to prevent fire incidences or if one arises, to protect
against a major loss.
In a Home :
1) Carelessness is the major causes of fires in residential premises and
many a fire occurs because of carelessness in the kitchen. So :
 do not forget to turn of the stove / oven once cooking is completed
or if you are leaving home (even if it is only for a few minutes)
 do not forget to turn off the electrical appliances - particularly the
cooking appliances - which do not operate on self timer once use is
over or if you are leaving home
 do not overload electrical points
156
2) Electrical short-circuiting is one of the major causes of fire any
where in the world. This can happen due to overloading of electrical
points or due to use of sub-standard material . In this connection
 It is essential to ensure that the plugs fit into their sockets snugly
and are not loose and moving within the sockets ( e.g. the use of a
two pin plug in a conventional three-pin socket )
 It is advisable not to use multi-pin sockets as if they are not of good
quality or if they are not properly manufactured arcing can result
which may lead to fire.
 Jointing of electrical wires should be avoided as far as possible. If it
cannot be avoided then ensure that
- the jointing of the two wires (the Phase and the Neutral
leads) are jointed at different levels and not adjacent to
each other
- the joint should be properly taped with good quality
insulation tape and the joint should be checked from time
to time to ensure that the insulation tape is properly in
place (some times the tape would come loose because of
humidity and temperature drying of the glue )
157
3) Cigarette smoking is not only injurious to health but can also cause
fires. Leaving burning cigarette / cigarette butts (even in ashtrays)
has lead to many a fires. So if one smokes in a house it should be
ensured that the cigarette is properly put out. It is essential to check
that the cigarette butts are put out before cleaning the ash trays into
waste bins.
4) It is advisable to have a Fire Extinguisher at home and the family
embers should be familiar about how to use it in case of an
emergency.
5) All family members should know emergency procedures in the
event of a fire.
In an Office
1) Electrical short-circuiting is one of the major causes of fire
anywhere in the world. This can happen due to overloading of
electrical points or due to use of sub-standard material. In this
connection:
158
and are not loose and moving within the sockets
 It is advisable not to use multi-pin sockets because if they are not of
good quality or if they are not properly manufactured arcing can
result which may lead to fire
- the jointing of the two wires (the positive and the negative
leads) are jointed at different levels and not parallel to each
other
- the joint should be properly taped with insulation tape and
the joint should be checked from time to time to ensure
that the insulation tape is properly in place (some times the
tape would come loose because of humidity and
temperature)
2) Cigarette smoking is not only injurious to health of the employees
but can also cause fires. Leaving burning cigarette / cigarette butts
(even in ash trays) has lead to many a fires. So if one smokes in an
office it should be ensured that the cigarette is properly put out.
159
3) It is essential to check that the cigarette butts are put out before
cleaning the ash trays into waste bins. The cleaning staff also must
be made aware of the need for this precaution
4) Fire Extinguishers should be provided in adequate numbers at
various parts of the office fixed in very visible and easily accessible
positions and the staff members should be familiar about how to use
them in case of an emergency.
5) It is also essential to have the Fire Extinguishers maintained under a
maintenance contract with a Fire Consultant of good repute. It is to
be ensured that the Fire Extinguishers are serviced regularly and the
date of last service should be recorded on the extinguisher.
6) It is preferable to select office premises in buildings which are fitted
with Fire alarm systems as it would alert the neighbours of a Fire
emergency, if one arises , and external help can be summoned at
short notice.
7) All staff members should know the emergency procedures in the
event of a fire
160
In Factories and Warehouses
1) Electrical short-circuiting is one of the major causes of fire any
where in the world. This can happen due to overloading of electrical
points or due to use of sub-standard material . In this connection
and are not loose and moving within the sockets
 It is advisable not to use multi-pin sockets because if they are not of
good quality or if they are not properly manufactured arcing can
result which may lead to fire
- the jointing of the two wires (the positive and the negative
leads) are jointed at different levels and not parallel to each
other
- the joint should be properly taped with insulation tape and
the joint should be checked from time to time to ensure
that the insulation tape is properly in place (some times the
tape would come loose because of humidity and
temperature)
161
2) Cigarette smoking should NOT be allowed not only inside the
premises but even within the compound and any employee found
violating the rule should be strictly dealt with.
3) Cooking should NOT be allowed within the premises
4) It is necessary that the premises are fitted with Fire alarm systems
as it would alert the neighbours of a Fire emergency , if one arises ,
and external help arrives at short notice.
5) The premises should have adequate Fire hose reel with water
supplied by a dedicated fire water supply system which would
include one electrical pump and a standby diesel pump. It is
advisable that the Fire water-pump room be fitted with a Automatic
Sprinkler type of fire extinguisher.
6) Fire Extinguishers should be provided in adequate numbers at
various parts of the office fixed in very visible and easily accessible
positions and all the staff members should be familiar about how to
use them in case of an emergency. It is necessary that the Fire
extinguishers provided are appropriate for the risk . The Fire
consultant should be clearly told about how the premises will be
162
used and the type of operations that would be carried on / materials
that would be stored in the premises.
7) It is essential to have the Fire Extinguishers and other Fire Fighting
systems ( Fire alarm system, Fire water pump , hose reels , hydrant
points, sprinklers etc.) maintained under a maintenance contract
with a Fire Consultant of good repute. It is to be ensured that the
systems are regularly inspected and defects if any are rectified in
time. Fire Extinguishers need to be serviced regularly and the date
of last service should be recorded on the extinguisher.
8) All staff members should know emergency procedures in the event
of a fire.
9) Civil defence Certificate of approval should be obtained for the
premises and should be valid at all times.
163
The Claim under the Fire Insurance Policy
1) Naturally a claim under the policy would depend upon whether
 the property lost or damaged is covered under the policy
 the cause of such damage is covered under the policy
2) In case a loss or damage happens which is caused by one or more of
the insured perils then the Insurers need to be informed
immediately. While advising the claim please ensure the following:
a) The Policy number is quoted on the Loss advice.
b) The date and time of loss is specified
c) A brief summary of the loss incidence and the materials that are lost
or damaged is specified
d) The location of the premises where the loss has taken place is
provided
e) The phone number of the contact person who can assist the Insurers
or a Loss Adjustor deputed by them to verify the damages
3) In the event of a claim happening all efforts should be made to
minimise loss. These may involve segregating damaged materials
from the rest of the property, obtaining competetive quotes for any
164
repairs / replacements that may be required etc. If any Third Party is
responsible for the loss then they should be held specifically
responsible for the loss / damage so that the rights of recovery are
protected.
4) At the earliest possible , a detailed estimate of loss / damage need to
be prepared and provided to the Company / Loss Adjustor
5) If the loss / damage involves repairs / replacement of damaged
property the detailed estimate of loss / damage (mentioned above)
should be supported by at least three quotations for such repairs /
replacement , obtained from out-side sources.
Claims Documentation
Claim documentation would depend upon the nature of property damaged
and the cause of loss . The principal documents would include the
following :
 Claim intimation letter
 Loss Estimate (supported with external quotes in case of repairs /
replacement of damaged property)
165
In addition to the above the following documents need to be provided
depending upon the cause of damage :
 Fire , Explosion: Police Report / Civil Defence Report , Laboratory
report (if applicable)
 Aircraft Damage / Impact Damage / Riot , Strike Malicious Damage
/ Burglary : Police Report
Claim Procedure
Once a claim intimation is received by the Company the Company's
officials or an independent Loss Adjustor would be appointed to attend to
the loss and adjust the claim. The Insured need to provide the Company
official or the Loss Adjustor with all required documents & assistance to
establish the cause and extent of loss / damage.
166
Insurance
Dictionary
Insurance Dictionary
Insurance Terms
Adaptation System ‫نظام التكٌٌؾ‬
credit A documentary ‫اعتماد مستندي‬
RETIREMENT A LUMP SUM AT ‫مبلػ مقطوع عند التقاعد‬
A variety of accidents ‫حوادث متنوعة‬
‫تنازل المؤمن له لصالح المؤمن عن‬
Abandonment to insurers ;
‫األشٌاء موضوع التأمٌن مقابل‬
Abandonment clause
‫التعوٌض‬
About ‫قرابة‬
accelerating benefits ‫التعجٌل بدفع قٌمة التأمٌن‬
Accessibility of Service ‫سهولة منال الخدمة‬
Accident and health insurance the ً‫التأمٌن ضد الحوادث و التأمٌن الصح‬
aged ‫للمسنٌن‬
‫مزاٌا التأمٌن فً حالة الوفاة نتٌجة‬
accidental death benefit
‫لحادث‬
Accidential death benefits ‫توفٌر منافع الوفاة بحادث‬
accidental insurance ‫التأمٌن ضد الحوادث‬
accountants professional liability ‫التأمٌن على حسن ممارسة المهنة‬
insurance ‫المحاسبٌة‬
accounts receivable insurance ‫التأمٌن على حسابات القبض‬
ACTUARIAL STATISTICIAN ‫احصائى اكتوارى‬
‫ خبٌر‬، ‫ خبٌر احصائى‬، ‫اكتوارى‬
Actuary
‫رٌاضٌات التأمٌن‬
168
Insurance Terms
‫ خبٌر‬، ً‫ خبٌر احصائ‬، ‫خبٌر اكتواري‬
Actuary
‫رٌاضٌات التأمٌن‬
Actuary ‫خبٌر بشؤون التأمٌن‬
Actuary ‫مستشار أو خبٌر فً حسابات التأمٌن‬
‫المخمن ( التأمٌن ) خبٌر‬
Actuary ( insurance )
‫حسابات التأمٌن‬
Additional family pension insurance ‫تأمٌن إضافً معاش عائلة‬
ADDITIONAL PERILS ‫األخطار اإلضافٌة‬
Additional supplements ‫مالحق إضافٌة‬
ADDITIONAL VOLUNTARY
‫االشتراكات اإلضافٌة االختٌارٌة‬
CONTRIBUTIONS
adjuster ‫خبٌر تسوٌة مطالبات التأمٌن‬
Administration of government
ً‫إدارة التأمٌن الحكوم‬
sponsored insurance
Administrative Functionx ‫الوظائؾ اإلدارٌة‬
Administrative Process ‫العملٌة اإلدارٌة‬
Advance ‫سلفه‬
‫القسط المستحق منذ بداٌة‬
advance premium
‫بولٌصة التأمٌن‬
After - Service Health Insurance ‫التأمٌن الصحً فً فترة ما بعد الخدمة‬
Age ‫السن‬
AGE AND DRIVING EXPERIENCE ‫العمر وخبرة القٌادة‬
169
Insurance Terms
Aggregate indemnity ‫إجمالً التعوٌض فً التأمٌن‬
AGREED VALUE POLICIES ‫منفعة العجز‬
AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE ً‫التأمٌن الزراع‬
aid consignment note ‫التأمٌن على بدن الطائرة أو هٌكلها‬
Air transport ‫نقل جوي‬
ALL RISKS INSURANCE ‫التأمٌن ضد كافة األخطار‬
ALL RISKS INSURANCE ‫تأمٌن كافة األخطار‬
‫عقد تأمٌن منبثق عن‬
allied line
‫بولٌصة التأمٌن ضد الحرٌق‬
ALLOCTION OF BONUS ‫توزٌع األرباح اإلضافٌة‬
Amount of Life Insurance ) ‫مبلػ التأمٌن ( البولٌصة‬
And the response of the provisional
‫المؤقت مع رد األقساط‬
premium
Annual insurance premium ‫قسط تأمٌن سنوي‬
Annuities — insurance ‫األقساط السنوٌة — التأمٌن‬
ANNUITY AT DEATH ‫دفعة الحٌاة عند الوفاة‬
ANNUITY ON RETIREMENT ‫دفعة الحٌاة عند التقاعد‬
Arrival date ‫تارٌخ الوصول‬
ASSETS ‫األصول‬
Assignment of policy ‫تحوٌل التأمٌن‬
attestation clause ‫بند عقد التأمٌن‬
170
Insurance Terms
Authoritarian Leadership ‫القٌادة الدكتاتورٌة‬
Autocratic Leadership ‫القٌادة األوتوقراطٌة‬
Automobile insurance ‫التأمٌن على السٌارات‬
automotive vehicle ‫السٌارات والمركبات‬
Availability of Service ‫تواجد الخدمة‬
AVERAGE ‫شرط النسبٌة‬
Average ‫عوارٌة‬
Average age ‫متوسط السن‬
AVTUARY ‫اإلكتواري‬
baggage insurance ‫التأمٌن على أمتعة السفر‬
Bank deposit insurance ‫التأمٌن على الودائع لدى المصارؾ‬

BASIC PREMIUM RATE ً‫معدل القسط األساس‬
BASIS OF CONTRIBUTION ‫طرق المشاركة‬
Beneficiaries ‫المستفٌدٌن‬
BENEFIT BASIS ‫أساس احتساب المنافع‬
Benefit the insurance ‫استحقاق وثٌقة التأمٌن‬
‫تصنٌؾ شركات التأمٌن من قبل شركة‬
Best ' s rating
‫بست‬
BETTERMENT ‫قٌمة التحسٌنات‬
Bilateral ‫ثنائٌة‬
171
‫‪Insurance Dictionary‬‬
‫‪Insurance Terms‬‬
‫‪BOLT ON POLICIES‬‬ ‫المنافع اإلضافٌة‬
‫التأمٌن ضد أخطاء الموظفٌن المسببة‬
‫‪Bonding of employees‬‬
‫لخسائر مالٌة‬
‫‪BONUS IN REDUCTION OF‬‬
‫األرباح اإلضافٌة لتخفٌضاألقساط‬
‫‪PRMIUM‬‬
‫‪Break machine‬‬ ‫كسر اآلالت‬
‫‪Breakdown of machinery‬‬ ‫تعطل اآلالت‬
‫‪Broken glass‬‬ ‫كسر الزجاج‬
‫‪BROKERS AND AUCTIONEERS‬‬ ‫السماسرة والداللون‬
‫حق سمسار التأمٌن بموجب القانون أن‬‫ّ‬
‫ٌحتفظ ببولٌصة التأمٌن وعدم تسلٌمها‬
‫‪brokers lien‬‬
‫للطرؾ المؤ ّمن علٌه إلى حٌن دفعه‬
‫لقسط التأمٌن‬
‫‪BUILDINGS RISK‬‬ ‫خطر المبانً‬
‫‪Burglary‬‬ ‫سطو‬
‫‪BURNS‬‬ ‫الحروق‬
‫‪BUSINESS INTEREUPTION‬‬
‫تأمٌن توقؾ األعمال‬
‫‪INSURANCE‬‬
‫‪By Function‬‬ ‫حسب الوظٌفة‬
‫الثمن مع إضافة رسم التأمٌن وأجرة‬
‫]‪C . I . F ( CIF ) [ Ind . Mar .‬‬
‫النقل‬
‫‪C . I . F ( cost , insurance and‬‬
‫التكلفة شاملة التأمٌن والشحن‬
‫) ‪freight‬‬
‫‪172‬‬
Insurance Terms
CANCELLATION ‫اإللؽاء‬
CAPACITY ‫الطاقة االستٌعابٌة‬
CAPITAL PROTECTED ANNUITY ‫دفعة الحٌاة ذات رأس المال المضمون‬
CAPTIVES ‫شركات التأمٌن القابضة‬
Car brand ‫ماركة السٌارة‬
Car crash ‫حادث سٌارة‬
CARGO ‫بضائع‬
cargo insurance ‫التأمٌن على البضائع‬
CASH BONUS ‫األرباح اإلضافٌة النقدٌة‬
CASH PAYMENT ‫الدفع النقدي‬
CASH VALUE ‫قٌمة نقدٌة‬
Casualty insurance ‫التأمٌن ضد الحوادث والكوارث‬
catastrophe insurance ِ ‫ال َّتأْمٌن ضِ َّد ال َك‬
‫وارث‬
CATASTROPHES ‫الكوارث‬
CCIDENT REPORT FORM ‫نموذج اإلبالغ عن الحادث‬
Cede ‫ ٌنقل التأمٌن‬، ‫ٌتنازل‬
Cede ‫ٌتنازل عن – ٌنقل التأمٌن‬
Certificate No ‫شهادة رقم‬
certificate of insurance ‫شها َدة ال َّتأْمٌن‬
َ
chartered insurance practitioner ‫ممارس معتمد لعملٌات التأمٌن‬
173
Insurance Terms
Chassis ‫الشاسٌة‬
CHILDRENS ASSURANCE ‫وثائق التأمٌن علً حٌاة األبناء‬
CIVIL HEALTH INSURANCE LAW ً‫قانون التأمٌن الصحً المدن‬
Civil liability ‫مسئولٌة مدنٌة‬
Claim ‫مطالبة‬
claim statement ‫كشؾ حساب مطلبات التأمٌن‬
CLAIMS PROCEDUES ‫إجراءات المطالبات‬
‫تأمٌن بالتضامن ؛ تأمٌن مشترك ؛‬
co - insurance
‫المشاركة فً مخاطر التأمٌن‬
Co - insurance clause ‫شرط التأمٌن المشترك‬
COINSURANCE ‫التأمٌن المشترك‬
coinsurance ‫المشاركة فً التأمٌن‬
COINSURANCE ‫المشاركة فً التأمٌن‬
coinsurer ‫مشارك فً التأمٌن‬
collateral ‫التأمٌن مقابل قرض‬
Collective insurance ً‫التأمٌن الجماع‬
COLLECTOR ‫محصل‬
COMBINED INSURANCE ‫التأمٌن المركب‬
Commercial insurance ‫تأمٌن تجاري‬
COMMERCIAL MOTOR INSURANCE ‫تأمٌن السٌارات التجارٌة‬
Commission ‫عمولة‬
174
Insurance Terms
COMPLEMENTARY INSURANCE ً‫التأمٌن التكمٌل‬
( COMPREHENSIVE COVER ً‫الؽطاء الشامل التكمٌل‬
COMPULSORY INSURANCE ً‫التأمٌن اإللزام‬

Conceptual Skills ‫المهارات الفكرٌة‬
CONDITIONS ‫الشروط‬
Content Theories ‫نظرٌات المحتوى‬
CONTENTS COVER ‫ؼطاء المحتوٌات‬
Continuity Of Service ‫استمرارٌة الخدمة‬
continyation clause ‫شرط إستمرار التأمٌن‬
Contracting ‫متعاقد‬
CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY ‫المسئولٌة التعاقدٌة‬
CONTRIBUTION PRINCIPLE ‫المشاركة‬
CONTRIBUTION PRINCIPLE ‫مبدأ المشاركة‬
CONVERTIBLE TERM
‫تأمٌن الحٌاة المؤقت القابل للتحوٌل‬
ASSURANCE
Cooperative insurance ً‫تأمٌن تعاون‬
Coordination Horizontal ً‫التنسٌق األفق‬
Corporation ‫شركة مساهمة‬
Cost , insurance , and freight ‫سعر البضاعة مع‬
( C . I . F .) ‫أجرة التأمٌن والشحن‬
175
‫الثمن شامالً التكلفة‬
‫) ‪cost , insurance and freight ( CIF‬‬
‫زائد التأمٌن ومصارٌؾ الشحن‬
‫‪Cost ‚ insurance an freight‬‬ ‫التكلفة و التأمٌن والشحن‬

‫‪COST OF LIVING INDEX‬‬ ‫مؤشر تكالٌؾ المعٌشة‬
‫‪Cost of social security‬‬ ‫تكلفة التأمٌن اَ ِال ْجتِ َما ِع ًّ‬
‫‪Couple‬‬ ‫زوجٌن‬
‫‪Courier Power‬‬ ‫قوى اإلكراه‬
‫‪COVER NOTE AND CERTIFICATE‬‬ ‫إشعار التؽطٌة وشهادة التأمٌن‬
‫ت المالِ ٌّة‪،‬‬ ‫َتؽطِ ٌَة العم َل ِة أو اإلصدارا ِ‬
‫َتؽطِ ٌَة ال َمخاطِ ِر فً ال ّتأمٌِن‪َ ،‬تؽطِ ٌَة‬
‫‪covering‬‬ ‫ال ّن َفقات ‪َ ،‬تؽطِ ٌَة َنق َد ٌّة‪ ،‬إخفاء‪َ ،‬ت َ‬
‫س ّتر‬
‫على‪َ ،‬تؽطِ ٌَة األحداث‪َ ،‬تؽطِ ٌَة مالِ ٌّة‪،‬‬
‫لبٌس‪َ ،‬ثوب‪ِ ،‬ؼطاء‬ ‫َت ِ‬
‫‪CREDITOR‬‬ ‫دائن‬
‫‪Critical Method Path‬‬ ‫أسلوب المسار الحرج‬
‫‪Crop insurance‬‬ ‫التأمٌن على المحاصٌل‬
‫‪Customer‬‬ ‫العمٌل‬
‫‪Daily traffic Registry‬‬ ‫صحٌفة قلم المرور‬
‫‪Dana Car‬‬ ‫انقالب سٌارة‬
‫‪Date of Birth‬‬ ‫تارٌخ المٌالد‬
‫‪DAYS OF GRACE‬‬ ‫فترة السماح‬
‫‪DEATH BENEFIT‬‬ ‫منفعة الوفاة‬
‫‪176‬‬
Insurance Terms
DEATH CLAIMS ‫مطالبات الوفاة‬
Debt ‫دٌون‬
DEBTOR ‫مدٌن‬
Decisional Roles ‫أدوار صانع القرار‬
DECLARED REVERSIONARY
‫القٌمة العقبٌة المعلنة‬
VALUE
Decorations ‫دٌكورات‬
DECREASING TERM
‫تأمٌن الحٌاة المؤقت المتناقصالقٌمة‬
ASSURANCE
Decreasing Term Insurance ‫التأمٌن المؤقت المتناقص‬
DEDUCTIBLE ‫مبلػ التحمل الكبٌر‬
DEFERRED ANNUITY ‫دفعة الحٌاة المؤجلة‬
DEFERRED PERIOD ‫فترة االنتظار‬
DEFERRED PERIOD ‫مدة التأجٌل‬
DEFINED BENEFITS ‫طرٌقة المنافع المحددة‬
DEFINED CONTRIBUTION ‫طرٌقة االشتراكات المحددة‬
Democratic Leadership ‫القٌادة الدٌمقراطٌة‬
Depositor ’ s life assurance ‫ودائع التأمٌن على الحٌاة‬
DEPUTY REINSURANCE
‫مساعده مدٌر دائره اعاده التأمٌن‬
MANAGER
DISABIKITY BENEFIT ‫النص التعاقدي‬
177
Insurance Terms
Disability insurance ‫التأمٌن ضد العجز‬
DISABILTY ‫العجز‬
Dishonesty ‫خٌانة األمانة‬
Dismissal ‫إذن صرؾ‬
DISTRICT ‫المنطقة‬
‫منفعة التأمٌن المضاعؾ فً حالة‬
DOUBLE ACCIDENT BENEFIT
ً‫الوفاة بسبب حادث عرض‬
DREAD DISEASE COVER ‫ؼطاء األمراض الخطرة‬
duration of insurance ‫الفترة الزمنٌة لسرٌان التأمٌن‬
DUTY OF DISCLOSURE ‫واجب المكاشفة‬
Efficiency of Service ‫كفاءة الخدمة‬
Elevator accidents ‫حوادث المصعد‬
eligible risks ‫مخاطر ٌمكن التأمٌن ضدّها‬
Employer ‫صاحب العمل رب العمل‬
ENDOWMENT ‫تأمٌن الحٌاة المختلط‬
Endowment insurance ‫التأمٌن المختلط‬
Endowment Insurance ‫التأمٌن المختلط على الحٌاة‬
Engineering insurance ‫تأمٌنات هندسٌة‬
Ensure ‫ضمان‬
Environmental Factors ‫العوامل البٌئٌة‬
Equipment ‫أجهزة معدات‬
178
Insurance Terms
Equity Theory ‫نظرٌة العدالة‬
ESSENTIALS OF A CONTRACT ‫أركان عقد التأمٌن‬
EXCESS ‫مبلػ تحمل بسٌط‬
EXCESS OF LOSS ‫إعادة التأمٌن بتجاوز الخسارة‬
Excess security ‫ التأمٌن‬/ ‫فائض الضمان‬
Excess security ‫فائض الضمان أو التأمٌن‬
EXCLUSIONS ‫االستثناءات‬
Executive Management ‫اإلدارة التنفٌذٌة‬
Expectancy Theory ‫نظرٌة التوقع‬
Experience raring ‫تحدٌد رسوم التأمٌن باالختبار‬
Experience rating ‫تحدٌد رسوم التأمٌن باالختبار‬
Expert Power ‫القوة الفنٌة‬
Extended coverage ‫امتداد التأمٌن‬
EXTENSIONS AVAILABLE ‫التؽطٌات اإلضافٌة المتوفرة‬
External Factors ‫العوامل(القوى ) الخارجٌة‬
FACULTATIVE REINSURANCE ‫إعادة التأمٌن االختٌاري‬
Feedback ‫التؽذٌة الراجعة‬
FEES ‫الرسوم‬
FIDELITY GURANTEE
‫تأمٌن ضمان األمانة‬
INSURANCE
FINANCE ‫التموٌل‬
179
Insurance Terms
( FINANCIAL RISKS ‫األخطار المادٌة الخسائر المادٌة‬
Fire ‫حرٌق‬
fire insurance ‫التأمٌن ضد الحرٌق‬
first - dollar coverage ‫ال َّتأْمٌن الكامِل‬
First premium ‫قسط التأمٌن االول‬
Flight ‫الرحلة‬
Foreign currency ‫عملة أجنبٌة‬
Formulations ‫تركٌبات‬
FORTUITOUS LOSS ‫الخسارة العرضٌة‬
ً‫االعفاء النسبً ( المسموحات ف‬
franchise
‫ أمتٌاز‬- ) ‫قٌمة التأمٌن‬
FRANCHISE ‫مبلػ السماح‬
‫التأمٌن البحري مع عدم ضمان‬
free of particular average
‫العوارٌة الخاصة‬
Functional Authority ‫السلطة الوظٌفٌة‬
FUNDEMENTAL RISKS ‫األخطار األساسٌة‬
Furniture and furniture ‫مفروشات وأثاثات‬
GENERAL DIVISION DEPT
‫مدٌر دائره التأمٌن العام‬
MANAGER
General Qualitative Measures ‫المقاٌٌس النوعٌة العامة‬
Goal-Setting Theory ‫نظرٌة وضع األهداؾ‬
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Insurance Terms
GOODS IN TRANSIT INSURANCE ‫تأمٌن البضائع أثناء النقل‬
Government - sponsored health
ً‫التأمٌن الصحً الحكوم‬
insurance
Government - sponsored insurance ً‫التأمٌن الحكوم‬
government social insurance ً‫التأمٌن االجتماعً الحكوم‬
grace period َّ ‫َف ْت َرة ال‬
) ً‫سماح ( فً التأمٌن الصح‬
GRACE PERIOD ‫مهلة الدفع‬
ORANGE CARDS & GREEN ‫البطاقات الخضراء والبرتقالٌة‬
GROSS EARNING COVER ‫ؼطاء إجمالً الدخل‬
Gross premium ‫اجمالً قسط التأمٌن‬
( Gross premium ‫إجمالً القسط القٌمة اإلجمالٌة‬
Gross Profit ‫مجمل الربح‬

Ground transportation ‫نقل بري‬
GUARANTEED ANNUITY ‫دفعة الحٌاة المضمونة‬
GUARANTEED SURRENDER
‫قٌم التصفٌة المضمونة‬
VALUES
Guarantor ‫ضامن‬
HAIL STORM ‫ؼطاء العواصؾ الثلجٌة‬
HAZARD INSURANCE ‫التأمٌن ضد األخطار‬
HAZARD INSURANCE
‫اختصاصً تامٌن ضد المخاطر‬
SPECIALIST
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Insurance Terms
Health Administration ‫اإلدارة الصحٌة‬
Health Administrator ً‫اإلداري الصح‬
Health Administrator Characteristics ‫خصوصٌة اإلدارة الصحٌة‬
health insurance ِّ ‫ال َّتأْمٌن ال‬
ًّ ‫ص ِّح‬
Health insurance ) ‫التأمٌن الصحً ( ضد المرض‬
Health Organizations ‫المنظمات الصحٌة‬
Health Organizations ‫المنظمات الصحٌة‬
Health Promotion Services ‫خدمات االرتقاء بالصحة‬
Health Services ‫الخدمات الصحٌة‬
Health System ً‫النظام الصح‬
Health System ً‫النظام الصح‬
Health System Components ً‫مكونات النظام الصح‬
Health System Functions ً‫وظائؾ النظام الصح‬
HEEDING ‫العنوان‬
Holder ‫حائز‬
HOMOGENEOUS EXPOSURES ‫التعرضالمتجانس لألخطار‬
HOSPITAL INCOME BENEFITS ‫توفٌر منافع دخل االستشفاء‬
HOUSEHOLDERS INSURANCE
ً‫ؼطاء المبان‬
BUILDINGS COVER
HOUSEHOLDERS POLLCY ‫تأمٌن المنازل‬
HOW INDEMNITY IS PROVIDED ‫كٌفٌة سداد التعوٌضات‬
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Insurance Terms
Hull ‫الهٌكل‬
Human Relations Skills ‫مهارات العالقات اإلنسانٌة‬
Husband ‫زوج‬
IMMEDIATE ANNUITY ‫دفعة الحٌاة الفورٌة‬
IMPRESSION ‫دفعة‬
Inability to secure additional ‫تأمٌن إضافً عجز‬
INCREASING ANNUITY ‫دفعة الحٌاة المتزاٌدة القٌمة‬
INCREASING POLICIES ‫الوثائق المتزاٌدة القٌمة‬
INCREASING TERM ASSURANCE ‫تأمٌن الحٌاة المؤقت المتزاٌد القٌمة‬
Incremental Planning Approach ‫المدخل التراكمً للتخطٌط‬
indemnity contract ‫َع ْقد ال َّتأْمٌن‬
Informational Roles ‫ادوار مصدر المعلومات‬
Inpatients ‫المرضى الداخلٌن‬
Inputs and Outputs ‫المدخالت والمخرجات‬
Insuance reduction ‫إنقاص عقد التأمٌن‬
INSURABILITY ‫ضمان القابلٌة للتأمٌن‬
Insurable ‫ٌمكن التأمٌن علٌه‬
Insurable interest ‫مصالح ٌمكن التأمٌن علٌها‬
INSURABLE INTEREST ‫المصلحة التأمٌنٌة‬
Insurable risk ‫مخاطر ٌمكن التأمٌن علٌها‬
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Insurance Terms
INSURABLE RISKS ‫األخطار القابلة للتأمٌن‬
ً‫القٌمة التأمٌنٌة – القٌمة الت‬
Insurable value
‫ٌمكن التأمٌن علٌها‬
Insurable value ‫قٌمة ٌمكن التأمٌن علٌها‬
Insurable value ‫قٌمه ٌمكن التأمٌن علٌها‬
insurance ‫التأمٌن‬
Insurance ‫ قٌمة أو قسط التأمٌن‬. ‫تأمٌن‬
Insurance ‫للتأمٌن‬
Insurance , parties ‫أطراؾ التأمٌن‬
insurance [ Ind . Mil ] ‫ ضمان‬/ ‫التأمٌن على شًء‬
insurance account ‫حساب التأمٌن‬
Insurance against crimes of
‫التأمٌن ضد جرائم العنؾ‬
violence
Insurance against industrial
‫التأمٌن ضد أصابات العمل‬
accident
insurance agents ‫وكالء التأمٌن‬
insurance and freight ) CIF ( cost ‫الثمن و التأمٌن و الشحن‬
Insurance benefits ‫مزاٌا التأمٌن‬
insurance board ‫مجلس التأمٌن‬
Insurance charges ‫رسوم التأمٌن‬
insurance charges ‫مصارٌؾ التأمٌن‬
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Insurance Terms
Insurance claim ‫طلب تأمٌن‬
insurance claims ‫مطالبات التأمٌن‬
insurance clerk ‫كاتِب ال َّتأْمٌن‬
insurance company deposits ‫ودائع شركات التأمٌن‬
Insurance contract ‫عقد تأمٌن‬
insurance contribution ‫مساهمة فً التأمٌن‬
insurance costs ‫تكالٌؾ التأمٌن‬
insurance cover ) ‫قٌمة الؽطاء التأمٌنً ( مبلػ التأمٌن‬
Insurance cover ‫مدى التأمٌن‬
، ‫مدى المخاطر المؤمنة‬
Insurance cover
‫ ؼطاء التأمٌن‬، ‫تؽطٌة التأمٌن‬
insurance coverage ‫َت ْؽطِ ٌَة ال َّتأْمٌن‬
، ‫مدى المخاطر المؤمنة‬
Insurance coverage
‫ ؼطاءالتأمٌن‬، ‫تؽطٌة التأمٌن‬
Insurance dividend ‫حصة أرباح التأمٌن‬
insurance documents ‫مستندات التأمٌن‬
insurance examiner ‫فاحص حسابات شركات التأمٌن‬
Insurance expense ‫مصروؾ التأمٌن‬
insurance fees ‫رسوم التأمٌن‬
Insurance Form ‫استمارة تأمٌن‬
insurance fund ‫صندوق ال ّتأمٌِن‬
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Insurance Terms
Insurance funds ‫أموال التأمٌن‬
Insurance Industry ‫صناعة التأمٌن‬
Insurance law ‫قانون التأمٌن‬
Insurance Marketing ‫تسوٌق التأمٌن‬
Insurance Occupations ‫مهنة التأمٌن‬
Insurance persons in late adulthood ‫التأمٌن على كبار السن‬
Insurance policy ‫ بولٌصة تأمٌن‬. ‫عقد التأمٌن‬
Insurance policy ‫وثٌقة التأمٌن‬
Insurance policy ‫بولٌصة تأمٌن‬
Insurance premium ‫قسط التأمٌن‬
insurance proceeds ‫صالت التأمٌن‬
ّ ‫متح‬
Insurance rate ‫تعرٌفة التأمٌن‬
Insurance rate - ‫ تعرٌفة‬، ‫معدل التأمٌن‬
Insurance rates ‫معدالت سعر التأمٌن‬
Insurance register ‫سجل التأمٌن‬
Insurance register ‫سجل وثائق التأمٌن‬
Insurance requirements ‫شروط التأمٌن‬
Insurance restrictions ‫قٌود التأمٌن‬
insurance risks ‫التأمٌن ضد المخاطر المختلفة‬
Insurance Service ‫دائرة التأمٌن‬
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Insurance Terms
insurance underwriting ‫تع ّهد التأمٌن‬
Insurance value ‫قٌمة التأمٌن‬
Insured ‫مؤمن علٌة‬
insured sum ‫مبلػ التأمٌن‬
insured value ‫قٌمة التأمٌن‬
insurer ) ‫المؤمن ( شركة التأمٌن‬
Insurer ‫ شركة التأمٌن‬، ‫مؤمن‬
insurers ‫القائمون بأعمال التأمٌن‬
Insurnace Premium ‫قسط التأمٌن‬
INTEREST ‫قرض‬
Interest rate - INTEREST ‫معدل الفائدة‬
INTEREST-FREE LOANS ‫قروض بدون فوائد‬
Internal Factors ‫العوامل(القوى ) الداخلٌة‬
International insurance card ‫بطاقة التأمٌن الدولٌة‬
Interpersonal Roles ‫أدوار العالقات بٌن األشخاص‬
Investment ‫استثمار‬
INVESTMENT
‫التأمٌن المرتبط باالستثمار‬
LINKEDINSURANCE
INVESTMENT POLICES ‫وثائق االستثمار‬
‫دفعة الحٌاة المشتركة حتى وفاة‬
JOINT LIFE AND LAST SURVIVOR
‫الشخصاآلخر‬
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Insurance Terms
JOINT LIFE POLICIES ‫وثائق الحٌاة المشتركة‬
KEY PERSON INSURANCE ‫تأمٌن حٌاة كبار الموظفٌن‬
Laissez Faire ‫قٌادة عدم التدخل‬
Learned Need Theory ‫نظرٌة تعلم الحاجات‬
Legitimate Power ‫السلطة القانونٌة‬
LEVEL OF RISK ‫درجة الخطر‬
Level Term Insurance ‫التأمٌن المؤقت ألجل‬
LIABILITIES ‫الخصوم‬
liability insurance ‫التأمٌن ضد الخسارة الناتجة عن ضرر‬
LIABILITY INSURANCE ‫تأمٌنات المسئولٌة‬
Life ‫حٌاة‬
‫التأمٌن على الحٌاة والصحة وضد‬
Life , health and accident insurance
‫الحوادث‬
LIFE ASSURANCE ‫تأمٌن الحٌاة‬
Life insurance ‫التأمٌن على الحٌاة‬
Life Insurance Companies ‫شركات التأمٌن على الحٌاة‬
‫الشروط األساسٌة‬
Life Insurance Contractual Provision
‫لبولٌصة التأمٌن على الحٌاة‬
life policy ‫بولٌصة التأمٌن على الحٌاة‬
Life table ‫جدول التأمٌن على الحٌاة‬
LIMITS ‫حدود التعوٌض‬
188
‫‪Limits of insurance coverage‬‬ ‫حدود التؽطٌة التأمٌنٌة‬
‫‪Line Authority‬‬ ‫السلطة التنفٌذٌة‬
‫‪LIQUIDATION‬‬ ‫التصفٌة‬
‫نوع من التأمٌن على الحٌاة ٌقضً‬

‫بتقاضً المؤ ّمن علٌه‬
‫‪living benefit‬‬ ‫دفعات التأمٌن إذا كان على قٌد‬
‫الحٌاة وذلك فً حالة المرض‬
‫العضال المفضً إلى الموت‬
‫‪LLOY,S SYNDICATES‬‬ ‫مجمعات لوٌدز‬
‫‪lnsured value‬‬ ‫قٌمة التأمٌن‬
‫‪LOANS‬‬ ‫قروض‬
‫‪LOSS FREQUENCY‬‬ ‫معدل تكرار وقوع الخسارة‬
‫‪LOSS SEVERITY‬‬ ‫حجم الخسارة المتوقعة‬
‫‪Losses‬‬ ‫خسائر‬
‫‪Losses resulting from intentional‬‬
‫الخسائر الناتجة عن األضرار العمدٌة‬
‫‪damage‬‬
‫‪LUMP SUM ON DEATH‬‬ ‫مبلػ مقطوع عند الوفاة‬
‫‪MACROBENEEITS‬‬ ‫الفوائد ذات النطاق األوسع‬
‫‪MALICIOUS DAMAGE‬‬ ‫األضرار العمدٌة‬
‫‪Managerial Roles‬‬ ‫أدوار المدراء‬
‫‪marine insurance‬‬ ‫التأمٌن البحري‬
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Insurance Terms
Marine Insurance Policy ‫بولٌصة تأمٌن بحرٌة‬
MARKETING COORD ‫منسق تسوٌق‬
MARKETING EXECUTIVE ‫تنفٌذي تسوٌق‬
MARKETING LEAGAL ADVISOR ‫مستشار تسوٌق‬
MARKETING MANAGER ‫مدٌر تسوٌق‬
MARKETING SPECIALIST ‫اختصاصً تسوٌق‬
MARKETING SPECIALIST ‫استشاري تسوٌق‬
MATERIAL FACTS ‫الحقائق الجوهرٌة‬
MATURITY DATE ‫تارٌخ االستحقاق‬
MAXIMUM ‫الحد األقصى‬
MEASURE OF INDEMNITY ‫حساب التعوٌضات‬
Medicaid ً‫التأمٌن الصح‬
Medical ً‫طب‬
Medical ً‫كشؾ طب‬
Medical care ‫الرعاٌة الطبٌة‬
MEDICAL DEPT MANAGER ً‫مدٌر التأمٌن الصح‬
MEDICAL EXPENSES
‫تأمٌن التكالٌؾ الصحٌة‬
INSURANCE
Merchandise ‫بضاعة‬
Method of payment of premiums ‫طرٌقة سداد أألقساط‬
Middle Management ‫اإلدارة الوسطى‬
190
Insurance Terms
minimum insurance cover ‫الحد األدنى من ؼطاء التأمٌن‬
Missing ‫فقد‬
Mission ‫الرسالة‬
MONEY INSURANCE ‫تأمٌن النقود‬
Monthly ‫شهري‬
Monthly premium ‫القسط الشهري‬
MORAL HAZARD ‫المؤثرات المعنوٌة‬
MOTOR AND LIABILITY
‫تأمٌن السٌارات والمسئولٌات‬
INSURANCE
Multi-car discount ‫خصم تعدد سٌارات‬
Name of ship ‫أسم الباخرة‬
‫تأمٌن ضد مخاطر مح ّددة فً بولٌصة‬
named perils insurance
‫أو عقد التأمٌن‬
Named risk ) ‫خطر مسمى ( فً عقد التأمٌن‬
National Health System Model ً‫نموذج نظام صحً وطن‬
national insurance ً‫التأمٌن القوم‬
Nature of Health Administration ‫طبٌعة اإلدارة الصحٌة‬
Net premium ‫صافً القسط‬
Network Programming ‫برمجة الشبكٌة‬
NO CLAIMS DISCOUNT ‫خصم عدم المطالبة‬
NON-CONTRIBUTION ‫شروط عدم المشاركة‬
191
Insurance Terms
NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE ‫السن الطبٌعً للتقاعد‬
Nullity of the insurance ‫بطالن التأمٌن‬
Objectives ‫األهداؾ‬
OCCUPATIONAL PENSION
‫برامج معاشات التقاعد المهنٌة‬
SCHEMES
OFFER PRICE ‫سعر الشراء‬
Office of the goods to be inspected ‫مكتب معاٌنة البضائع‬
On the surface of the vessel ‫فوق سطح الباخرة‬
Operational Planning ً‫التخطٌط العملٌات‬
OPERATIVE CLAUSE ‫الوثائق المحددة القٌمة‬
Optimistic Time ‫التقدٌر المتفائل‬
Order books ‫دفاتر نظامٌة‬
Organizing Health Services ‫تنظٌم الخدمات الصحٌة‬
Outpatients ‫المرضى الخارجٌن‬
overinsurance ‫مؽاالة فً التأمٌن‬
Owner ‫المالك‬
Packages ‫الطرود‬
PARTICULAR RISKS ‫األخطار الخاصة‬
Passenger insurance ‫التأمٌن على المسافر‬
Payee - BENEFICIARY ‫المستفٌد‬
Percentage ‫نسبة مئوٌة‬
192
Insurance Terms
PERILS AND HAZARDS ‫مسببات ومؤثرات الخطر‬
Period of insurance ‫مدة التأمٌن‬
Perishable products ‫تلؾ المنتجات‬
PERMANENT HEAL TH
‫ؼطاء التأمٌن الصحً الدائم‬
INSURANCE
PERSONAL ACCIDENT AND
‫تأمٌن الحوادث الشخصٌة والمرض‬
SICKNESS
Personal accidents ‫حوادث شخصٌة‬
Pessimistic Time ‫التقدٌر المتشائم‬
PHYSICAL AND MORAL
‫مؤثرات الخطر المادٌة والمعنوٌة‬
HAZARDS
PHYSICAL HAZARD ‫المؤثرات المادٌة‬
Planning Outcomes ‫مخرجات التخطٌط‬
Plant and equipment ‫آالت ومعدات‬
Plants ‫مصانع‬
Policies and Procedures ‫السٌاسات واإلجراءات‬
/ ‫ دربة‬/ ‫سٌاسة‬
Policy
) ‫وثٌقة التأمٌن (بولٌصة‬
policy - holder ‫مؤمن‬، ‫ عقد التأمٌن‬/ ‫صاحب البولٌصة‬
Policy - holder ( n .) ‫ عقد التأمٌن‬- ‫صاحب‬
Policy ( n .) ‫سٌاسة – عقد التأمٌن‬
policy holder ‫حامل بولٌصة التأمٌن‬
193
‫‪Policy holder‬‬ ‫صاحب وثٌقة التأمٌن ‪ /‬المؤمن له‬
‫‪Policy loan‬‬ ‫قرض على بولٌصة التأمٌن‬
‫‪POLICY SCHEDULE‬‬ ‫جدول الوثٌقة‬
‫‪policyholder‬‬ ‫حامل بولٌصة التأمٌن‬
‫‪POOLS‬‬ ‫مجمعات إعادة األمٌن‬
‫‪Port access‬‬ ‫مٌناء الوصول‬
‫‪PREAMBLE‬‬ ‫المقدمة‬
‫عالوة عقد الخٌار ( المبلػ المدفوع‬
‫‪Premium‬‬ ‫بمعرفة مشتري عقد الخٌار‬
‫مقابل التأمٌن ضد الخطر )‬
‫‪premium‬‬ ‫َق ْسط ال َّتأَمٌن‬
‫قسط التأمٌن ‪ /‬خلو رجل ‪ /‬تفضٌلً ‪/‬‬
‫‪Premium‬‬
‫أفضل‬
‫‪Premium‬‬ ‫قسط‬
‫‪Premium‬‬ ‫قسط تأمٌن‬
‫قسط ( التأمٌن ) – منحة ‪ .‬عالوة ‪.‬‬
‫)‪Premium ( n .‬‬
‫مكافأة‬
‫‪Premium Costs‬‬ ‫تكالٌؾ ( أقساط ) التأمٌن‬
‫‪prepayment‬‬ ‫ال َّد ْفع الم ْس َبق ( فً ال َّتأْمٌن ال ِّ‬
‫ص ِّحً )‬
‫‪Price on the basis of delivery on‬‬ ‫السعر على أساس التسلٌم على ظهر‬
‫‪board ship‬‬ ‫الباخرة‬
‫‪Primary Care‬‬ ‫الرعاٌة األولٌة‬
‫‪194‬‬
Insurance Terms
Primary Preventive Services ‫خدمات الوقاٌة األولٌة‬
PRINCIPLE OF INDEMNITY ‫مبدأ التعوٌض‬
PRINCIPLES OF INSURANCE ‫المبادئ األساسٌة للتأمٌن‬
PRINCIPLES OF INSURANCE
‫أسس التعاقد فً التأمٌن‬
CONTRACTS
PRIVATE PENSIONS ‫المعاشات التقاعدٌة الشخصٌة‬
Proactive Planning Approach ‫المدخل االستباقً للتخطٌط‬
Proceeds from insurance ‫إٌرادات التأمٌن‬
Process Theories ‫نظرٌة العملٌة‬
Production expenses ‫مصارٌؾ إنتاج‬
PRODUCTS LIABILITY ‫مسئولٌة المنتجات‬
PRODUCTS RECALL ‫استدعاء البضائع‬
PROFESSIONAL INDEMNITY ‫المسئولٌة المهنٌة‬
Professionalism ‫المهنة أو االحتراؾ‬
PROFESSIONALS IN INSURANCE ‫االختصاصٌون فً التامٌن‬
Profit ‫الربح‬
Profits have been ‫فقد األرباح‬
Project Organization ‫التنظٌم حسب المشروع‬
Property ‫ممتلكات‬
Property - Casualty Insurance ‫شركات التأمٌن على الممتلكات‬
Property insurance ‫التأمٌن على الملكٌات‬
195
Insurance Terms
Property insurance ‫التأمٌن على الممتلكات‬
PROPORTION ‫نسبٌة‬
Proportion of profits ‫نسبة األرباح‬
PROPORTIONAL TREATIES ً‫إعادة التأمٌن النسبً األتفاق‬
Protection ‫حماٌة‬
Provide ‫توفٌر‬
Provisional ‫المؤقت‬
PROXIMATE CAUSE ‫السبب المباشر أو السبب القرٌب‬
Public Health Services ‫خدمات الصحة العمة‬
PUBLIC LIABILITY ‫المسئولٌة المدنٌة‬
PUBLIC PQLICY ‫السٌاسة العامة‬
PURE RISKS ‫األخطار البحتة‬
Quad ‫رباعٌة‬
Qualitative Planning Approach ‫المدخل النوعً للتخطٌط‬
Quality Assurance Program ‫برنامج الجودة النوعٌة‬
Quality Medical Services ‫خدمات طبٌة نوعٌة‬
Quantitative Planning Approach ‫المدخل الكمً للتخطٌط‬
Quarterly ‫ربع سنوي‬
Quarterly installment ‫قسط ربع سنوي‬
Reactive Planning Approach ‫المدخل االرتكاسً للتخطٌط‬
196
‫إعا َدة ال ّتأمٌِن ‪ ،‬إعا َدة ال ّتأم ِ‬
‫ٌِن أو‬
‫‪reassurance‬‬ ‫ضمان ‪ ،‬تا ّكد ‪َ ،‬ت َح ّقق‬ ‫ضمان ‪ ،‬إعا َدة ال َ‬ ‫ال ّ‬
‫( مِنَ األمر )‬
‫)‪Reassure ( v .‬‬ ‫طمأن – جدد التأمٌن‬
‫‪Rebate of premium‬‬ ‫تخفٌض قسط التأمٌن‬
‫‪Reciprocal exchange‬‬ ‫رابطة التأمٌن المتبادل‬
‫‪Referent Power‬‬ ‫قوة اإلعجاب‬
‫‪Region of the transfer of cash‬‬ ‫منطقة نقل النقدٌة‬
‫‪Register fee‬‬ ‫رسم سجل‬
‫‪regulatory pricing risk‬‬ ‫مخاطر خضوع أقساط التأمٌن للرقابة‬
‫‪Reinforcement Theory‬‬ ‫نظرٌة التعزٌز‬
‫‪( REINSTATEMENT‬‬ ‫جبر الضرر إعادة البناء‬
‫‪reinsurance‬‬ ‫إعا َدة ال ّتأمٌِن ‪ ،‬إعا َدة ال ّتأم ِ‬

‫ٌِن أو‬
‫ضمان‬ ‫ضمان ‪ ،‬إعا َدة ال َ‬ ‫ال ّ‬
‫‪reinsurance‬‬ ‫إعادة التأمٌن ‪ ،‬تأمٌن مضاد‬
‫‪Reinsurance‬‬ ‫إعادة التأمٌن‬
‫‪Reinsurance , reassurance‬‬ ‫إعادة التأمٌن‬
‫‪REINSURANCE BROKERS‬‬ ‫سماسرة إعادة التأمٌن‬
‫‪REINSURANCE BUYERS‬‬ ‫مشترٌن إعادة التأمٌن‬
‫إتفاقٌة بشأن حصص المشاركة فً‬
‫‪reinsurance quota share agreement‬‬
‫إعادة التأمٌن‬
‫‪197‬‬
Insurance Terms
REINSURANCE SELLERS ‫بائعً إعادة التأمٌن‬
REINSURANCE SPECIALIST ‫اختصاصً إعادة تامٌن‬
Reinsure ‫ٌعٌد التأمٌن‬
Reinsure ‫ج ّدد تأمٌن‬
Reinsure , to ‫ أجرى تأمٌنا مقابال‬، ‫أعاد التأمٌن‬
Reinsure , to ‫ أجرى تأمٌنا مقابال‬، ‫أعاد التأمٌن‬
Reinsure the whole or part of a risk , ‫أعاد التأمٌن على كل أو جزء من‬
to ‫المخاطر‬
Reinsure the whole or part of a risk , ‫أعاد التأمٌن على كل أو جزء من‬
to ‫المخاطر‬
REINSURERS ‫معٌد التأمٌن‬
REINSURERS ‫معٌدي التأمٌن‬
Reinsuring ‫تجدٌد تأمٌن‬
Release fees ‫مصارٌؾ اإلصدار‬
RENEWABLE TERM ASSURANCE ‫تأمٌن الحٌاة المؤقت القابل للتجدٌد‬
Renewable Term Insurance ‫التأمٌن المؤقت المتجدد‬
RENEWAL ‫التجدٌد‬
REPAIR ‫التصلٌح‬
REPLACEMENT ‫االستبدال‬
replacement - cost insurance ‫التأمٌن على تكلفة اإلحالل‬
Representative of insurance ‫مندوب تأمٌن‬
198
Insurance Terms
Reserve of security ‫احتٌاطى التأمٌن‬
‫الخطر الذي تتحملة‬
Retained risk
‫شركة التأمٌن األصلٌة‬
‫الخطر الذي تتحمله‬
Retained risk
‫المخاطر األصلٌة التً تتح ّملها‬
retained risk
Retrospective Medical Audit ً‫التدقٌق الطبً االسترجاع‬
Return of Premium Term Insurance ‫التأمٌن المؤقت مع رد األقساط‬
Reward Power ‫قوة المكافأة‬
RISK ‫الخطر‬
RISK CLASSIFICATIONS ‫تصنٌؾ األخطار‬
RISK DEFINITION ‫تعرٌؾ الخطر‬
RISK MANAGEMENT ‫إدارة المخاطر‬
RISK TRANSFER ‫نقل أألخطار‬
Safes ‫الخزائن الحدٌدٌة‬
SALVAGE ‫الحطام‬
Saving ‫ادخار‬
Scope of Services ‫مدى الحٌاة‬
Secondary Care ‫الرعاٌة الثانوٌة‬
Secondary Preventive Services ‫خدمات الوقاٌة الثانوٌة‬
199
Insurance Terms
Secure additional incidents ‫تأمٌن إضافً حوادث‬
Security code ‫شفرة التأمٌن‬
Security information card ‫بطاقة معلومات التأمٌن‬
self - insurance ًِّ ‫ال َّتأْمٌن ال َّذات‬
self-insurance ً‫التأمٌن الذات‬
Semi-annual ‫نصؾ سنوي‬
Semi-annual premium ‫قسط نصؾ سنوي‬
Shaft ‫بئر المصعد‬
Shipping ‫الشحن‬
Shipping ‫نقل بحري‬
SHORT PERIOD MOTOR COVER ‫ؼطاء المدة القصٌرة‬
SHORT PERIOD RATES ‫سعر المدة القصٌرة‬
Short rate ‫سعر التأمٌن لمدة األجل‬
Short rate ‫سعر التأمٌن لمدة قصٌرة‬
ً‫جدول األقساط التً ترد إذا ألؽ‬
short rate table ‫المؤ ّمن علٌه عقدالتأمٌن قبل انتهاء‬
‫مدّته‬
SIGNATURE CLAUSE ‫توقٌع الوثٌقة‬
ً‫ مذكرة مؤقتة ( ف‬، ‫هفوة‬
Slip
‫ قسٌمة‬، ) ‫أعمال التأمٌن‬
Social Insurance ً‫تأمٌن اجتماع‬
200
Insurance Terms
Social security agencies ً‫مؤسسات التأمٌن االجتماع‬
Social security benefits ً‫مؤسسات التأمٌن االجتماع‬
Social security number ّ ‫رقم التأمٌن اَ ِال ْجتِ َماع‬
ًِ
Social service ّ ‫رقم التأمٌن اَ ِال ْجتِ َماع‬
ًِ
SPECIAL UTILISED FUND ‫صنادٌق ذات وحدات استثمارٌة‬
SPECULATIVE RISKS ‫أخطار المضاربة‬
STABILITY ‫التوازن واالستقرار‬
Staff Authority ‫السلطة االستشارٌة‬
Stamp breadth ‫دمؽة اتساع‬
Stamps ‫دمؽات‬
Strategic Planning ً‫التخطٌط االستراتٌج‬
Strategies ‫االستراتٌجٌات‬
Student insurance ‫طالب التأمٌن‬
SUBROGATION PRINCIPLE ‫مبدأ الحلول فً الحقوق‬
SUBSIDENCE AND LANDSLIDE ‫هبوط أساسات المبانً وانهٌار التربة‬
‫الزالزل والنار المنبعثة من باطن‬
SUBTERRANEAN FIRE
‫األرض‬
Sum assured ‫مبلػ التأمٌن‬
Supervision fee ‫رسم إشراؾ‬
Surety and fidelity insurance ‫التأمٌن ضد خٌانة األمانة‬
SURRENDER OF BONUSES ‫تصفٌة األرباح اإلضافٌة‬
201
Insurance Terms
‫القٌمة عند التخلً ( عن‬
Surrender value
) ‫بولٌصة التأمٌن‬
SURRNEDER VALUE ‫قٌمة التصفٌة‬
SURVEY ‫المعاٌنة‬
‫تحلٌل نقاط القوة والضعؾ والفرص‬
SWOT Analysis
‫المتاحة ومصادر التهدٌد‬
System of Maintenance ‫نظام الصٌانة‬
System Of Production ‫نظام اإلنتاج‬
Systematic Planning Approach ‫المدخل المنظم للتخطٌط‬
Tax exemption ً‫إعفاء ضرٌب‬
Technical Skills ‫المهارات الفنٌة‬
TEMPORARY ANNUITY ‫دفعة الحٌاة المؤقتة‬
Temporary sliding ‫المؤقت المتناقص‬
TERM ASSURANCE ‫تأمٌن الحٌاة المؤقت‬
Term Insurance ‫التأمٌن المؤقت على الحٌاة‬
Term insurance ‫التأمٌن على الحٌاة ألجل محدد‬
TERMINAL BONUS ً‫الربح اإلضافً النهائ‬
TERMINAL BONUSES ‫األرباح اإلضافٌة المؤقتة‬
TERMINAL BONUSES ‫أرباح االنتهاء‬
Terms of delay ‫شروط التأجٌل‬
Tertiary Care ‫الرعاٌة الثالثٌة‬
202
Insurance Terms
The amount of insurance ‫مبلػ التأمٌن‬
The benefits of the insurance ‫مزاٌا وثٌقة التأمٌن‬
The collection of premiums ‫تحصٌل األقساط‬
The conclusion of an insurance ‫تحرٌر إبرام وثٌقة تأمٌن‬
THE DECLARATION ‫اإلقرار‬
The end of the period ‫نهاٌة المدة‬
THE LIFE ASSURED ‫المؤمن علً حٌاتهم‬
The limits of the eye from the four ‫حدود العٌن من الجهات األربعة‬
The maximum compensation to ‫الحد األقصى لتعوٌض الؽٌر عن‬
others for ‫اإلصابات الجسمانٌة‬
The maximum liability of the ‫الحد األقصى لمسئولٌة الشركة خالل‬
company during ‫مدة التأمٌن‬
THE PENSION CONTRACT ‫عقد المعاش التقاعدي‬
The principle of good faith ‫مبدأ حسن النٌة‬
The protection of children ‫حماٌة األبناء‬
The purpose of insurance ‫الؽرض من التأمٌن‬
The re-establishment of an insurance ‫إعادة سرٌان وثٌقة التأمٌن‬
THE REISURANCE MARKER
‫سوق إعادة التأمٌن‬
PLACE
The tonnage of a ship ‫حمولة سفٌنة‬
The type of insurance coverage ‫نوع التؽطٌة التأمٌنٌة‬
203
Insurance Terms
THE TYPES OF MOTOR COVER ‫أنواع أؼطٌة تأمٌن السٌارات‬
THEFT INSURANCE ‫تأمٌن السرقة‬
‫التأمٌن لطرؾ ثالث ( على من لم ٌذكر‬
third - party Insurance
) ‫اسمه فً الوثٌقة‬
‫ؼطاء المسئولٌة تجاه الؽٌر مع الحرٌق‬
THIRD PARTY FIRE AND THEFT
‫والسرقة‬
THIRD PARTY ONLY COVER ‫ؼطاء المسئولٌة تجاه الؽٌر‬
Title insurance ‫التأمٌن العقاري‬
Title insurance ‫وثٌقة التأمٌن‬
To secure ‫لتأمٌن‬
tontine ً‫التأمٌن التكافل‬
Top Management ‫اإلدارة العلٌا‬
Total outgoing ‫إجمالً المنصرؾ‬
Transfer cash ‫نقل النقدٌة‬
Transport risks ‫أخطار النقل‬
Travel insurance ‫تأمٌن السفر‬
Treasury ‫خزٌنة‬
Treasury iron ‫خزٌنة حدٌدٌة‬
TREATY REINSURANCE ً‫إعادة التأمٌن األتفاق‬
Tripartite ‫ثالثٌة‬
Two-Factor Theory ‫نظرٌة العاملٌن‬
204
‫‪TYPE OF CAR‬‬ ‫نوعٌة السٌارة‬
‫‪Type of insurance‬‬ ‫نوع التأمٌن‬
‫بولٌصة تأمٌن على صادرات تل ّبً‬
‫‪umbrella policy‬‬ ‫شركة التأمٌن بموجبها كل ّ المتطلّبات‬
‫اإلدارٌة‬
‫‪UNCERTAINTY‬‬ ‫الشك‬
‫ضمن ‪ .‬وقع تعهدًا بالضمان (‬
‫)‪Underwrite ( v .‬‬
‫أو التأمٌن )‬
‫التأمٌن على حٌاة أو مال أو ضمان‬
‫‪Underwriting‬‬
‫تؽطٌة إصدار احدى الشركات‬
‫‪Underwriting fee‬‬ ‫تكلفة التأمٌن‬
‫‪UNDERWRITNG‬‬ ‫االكتتاب‬
‫‪UNIFORM COMPOUND‬‬ ‫األرباح اإلضافٌة المرجعة المركبة‬
‫‪REVERSIONARY‬‬ ‫المتماثلة‬
‫‪UNIFORM SIMPLE‬‬ ‫األرباح اإلضافٌة المرجعة البسٌطة‬
‫‪REVERSIONARY BONUS‬‬ ‫المتماثلة‬
‫‪uninsurable risk‬‬ ‫مخاطر ال ٌمكن التأمٌن علٌها‬
‫‪UNIT-LINKED POLICES‬‬ ‫وثائق التأمٌن بوحدات استثمار‬
‫‪universal life insurance‬‬ ‫التأمٌن العالمً على الحٌاة‬
‫‪Uses‬‬ ‫األؼراض‬
‫‪Uses of Life Insurance‬‬ ‫استخدامات التأمٌن على الحٌاة‬
‫‪Utilization Review‬‬ ‫مراجعة االستخدام‬
‫‪205‬‬
‫‪Valid‬‬ ‫ساري المفعول‬
‫‪Valuables and cash‬‬ ‫األشٌاء الثمٌنة والنقود‬
‫‪VALUATION AND BONUSES‬‬ ‫التقٌٌم واألرباح اإلضافٌة‬
‫‪Value‬‬ ‫قٌمة الرسالة‬
‫‪variable life insurance‬‬ ‫التأمٌن المتؽٌر على الحٌاة‬
‫‪Vehicle collision‬‬ ‫تصادم سٌارتٌن‬
‫‪Vertical Coordination‬‬ ‫التنسٌق العمودي‬
‫‪WAIVER OF PREMIUM‬‬ ‫اإلعفاء من تسدٌد األقساط‬
‫اإلعفاء من دفع األقساط خالل فترة‬
‫‪WAIVER OF PREMIUM‬‬
‫العجز‬
‫‪WAIVER OF PREMIUM BENEFIT‬‬ ‫منفعة اإلعفاء من سداد األقساط‬
‫‪War risk‬‬ ‫أخطار الحرب‬
‫‪War risk insurance‬‬ ‫التأمٌن ضد خطر الحرب‬
‫‪war risks insurance‬‬ ‫التأمٌن ضد أخطار الحرب‬
‫‪war risks insurance board‬‬ ‫مجلس التأمٌن ضد أخطار الحرب‬
‫‪war risks insurance ordinance‬‬ ‫قانون التأمٌن ضد أخطار الحرب‬
‫‪WHOLE LIFE‬‬ ‫تأمٌن مدي الحٌاة‬
‫‪Whole Life Insurance‬‬ ‫التأمٌن مدى الحٌاة‬
‫بولٌصة التأمٌن ‪ /‬بولٌصة الضمان ‪/‬‬
‫‪whole life policy‬‬
‫مدى الحٌاة‬
‫‪Wife‬‬ ‫زوجة‬
‫‪206‬‬
Insurance Terms
With compulsory ‫تحمل إجباري‬
With optional ‫تحمل اختٌاري‬
WITH PROFIT POLICES ‫وثائق االشتراك فً األرباح‬
Without a medical ً‫بدون كشؾ طب‬
workers ’ compensation insurance ‫التأمٌن على العمال‬
Workers ’ compensation insurance ‫التأمٌن على تعوٌضات العمال‬
Workers ’ compensation insurance ‫التأمٌن لتعوٌض إصابات العمل‬
WORKMENS COMPENSATUON ‫تعوٌض العمال‬
Year of manufacture ‫سنة الصنع‬
Yearly premium ‫قسط التأمٌن السنوي‬
Yield ‫عائد – إٌراد‬
‫ أنتورب لتسوٌة‬- ‫قواعد ٌورك‬
York - antwerp rules
‫خسائر التأمٌن البحري‬
207
Sohag University End of term Exam Subject: Insurance
Faculty of Commerce Third Year Time allowed:3 hours
English Program 2015-2016 Date: Jan 2016
Question No.1 (30)
Comment at 5 of the following Points
1- Utmost good faith means giving data at the end of insurance
contract.
2- Speculative risks equal Pure risks.
3- Insurance contract is possible contract.
4-Loss prevention is only method of risk treatment.
5-Discovery risks is only function of risk manager.
There no limits to put a definition of risk.
208
Question No.2 (30)
Write on Three only of the following subjects:
1-Principle of indemnity.
2-Characteristics or Nature of Fire Insurance.
3-Coinsurance Rule.
4-Methods of risk treatment.
Question No.3 (40)
A- Complete the following table: (17)
X LX DX QX PX NX
40 - 370 - 0.099630 -
41 99630 - - - -
42 99231 - - - -
43 - 454 - - -
44 98350 - 0.0050 0.9950 -
209
B-The following data giving the number of work accidents injuries for
one company workers: (8)
Number of times accidents 0 1 2 3 4 Total
Number of Workers 8000 1200 500 200 100 10000
Required:
1- 1-P (X=0)
2- P(X=2)
3- The possibility of one accident happen at more.
4- The possibility of one accident happen at least.
C-Given that Businessman insured his factory its value 200000L.E.

under three policies for total of 100000 L.E. : (15)
Company (A) 50000 L.E. under first policy.
Com Company (B) 20000 L.E. under second policy.
Company (C) 30000 L.E. under third policy.
If the factory had exposed to fire and loss is 5000 L.E.

Required:
1-The share of every company.
2- The retention of Insured.
Good Luck
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Atta
210

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Faculty of Commerce Department of Quantitative Methods

Risk and Insurance

First of all, I am thankful to Allah Almighty, Who

It has become a modern trend in Social Science (accounting,

The book offers some important and simple topics in

With my best wishes

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Atta

Chapter 1: Concept of Risk P.5

Chapter 2: Risk Management P.11

Chapter 3: Risk measurement P.14

Chapter 4 : Insurance and its Principles P.36

Chapter 5: Types of insurance contract P.55

Chapter 6: Actuarial mathematics of life insurance P.62

Chapter 7: Fire insurance P.131

Insurance Dictionary P.167

End of term Exam 2015-2016 P.208

The concept of risk:

morning during his traveling to his work.

 The person does not know the time of his death.

 Also the person does not know he will have an accident or

illness requiring hospital care.

losses will be greated than normal, expected as usual.

2- Williams , Head and others defined risk as " The possibility

3- Vaughan has defined risk as " A condition in which there is

a possibility of an adverse deviation from the desired

outcome that is expected as hoped for "

4- Maher & Commack have defined risk as "Risk equals

5- Green and others defined risk as " Uncertainty as to loss "

These are two limits to put a definition of risk:

That means the accident may be happen or may not be

happen, the probability measured from over zero to under

2- The result of an accident must be economic loss.

Economic risk Non-economic risk

- Accident to car moral risk as:

- Fire in a factory - The death of person

Classification " 2 "

Speculative risks Pure risks

This contain two possibilities: This contain one possibility

loss and Profit only : Loss

Classification " 3 "

General risk Special risk

The reason is general Such The reason is special reasons such as

as earthquake and inundation - Stealing

Classification " 4 "

Calmness risk Activity risk

When the accident is happened, When the accident is happened it

It affection one unit only affection many units

Such as stealing Such as Fire

Classification " 5 "

Personal risk: Property risk: Liability risk:

- Sickness risk . (car–house ship–air plane) happened , it affect

- Unemployment risk . another person out of

- Death . the contract

The classification of risk explain for us which of risk can

insurance companies cover it by insurance policy , also it

explain to us the exclusion in insurance policy .

The student can explain from the classification whom is

covering by the insurance policy.

- The concept of risk management

- Functions of risk management

- Methods of risk management

measuring and finding the suitable method to treat it.

tabulation , analysis , measuring and finding the suitable method

Functions of risk manager: