INTRODUCTION

• Changes in society
• Traditional or simple society
• Modern or complex society

• Main elements in society

• Interdependency
• Together to achieve the mutual goals
• Together in solving problems
 is a group of individuals that have common features
in many aspects.

Classification of Society
DEFINITION

SOCIETY is a group of human beings that live

together and interact to each other. (Kamus
Dewan)

The word MASYARAKAT was adopted from

Arabic word – syarika which mean “relations to
build one group”. (Drs. Sidi Gazalba).
Horton and Hunt (1988)
“ a society is relatively independent, self-
perpetuating human group which occupies a
territory, shares a culture, and has most of its
associations within this group. A society is an
organization of people whose associations are
with another”

Example :Eastern and Western Society

 Two Important Concepts
introduced by Ferdinand Tonnies (German sociologist)

Concept based on
types of society; social
structure and social
relations that exist in
the society.
 GEMEINSCHAFT
• The society of tradition

• Social relations based on family ties and friendship

(informal relationship)

• Primary relations – close and face to face interactions

Example : families that live together
 GESSELSCHAFT

• A society of contract
• Relations based on agreement and more formal
• Social relations – secondary and impersonal;
• interactions among individuals are more individualistic and cannot
trust to each other  compete to each other
• Specific roles and responsibilities in doing jobs
• Rules and regulations  control people’s behavior
• Society formation based on Talcott Parson
• Based on functional structure
• Each social structure in the society contributes the
stability of society
• Example : family; school
1. ADAPTABILITY - adaptable to surroundings and
environment in order to survive.
Main task: distribution of material resources to members of society

2. GOALS – effort to enhance the well-being of society.

3. INTEGRATION AND COOPERATION

- to achieve the desired goals.

4. CONSISTENCY – each member agrees and shares the

common values to conform with the norms and culture within the
society.
 ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Ibnu Khaldun :
Human beings are weak. They need to live in groups and helping
each other.

Society is formed from individuals.

Have common norms that abide each

member of the group.

Religion plays important role in forming the society.

Example : Al-Quran and As-Sunnah for Islam

P O R T A N T S E L E M E N T S IN S O C IE T Y

Individuals Interactions Rules (culture)

Society is a group of individuals that

live and work together for a long
period of time.
Until they manage to organize
themselves as one social union that
has its own limitations.
C hanges from one phas e to another phas e ( to better
development)
Use simple technology

Existed since 10,000 years ago

Living in small group ( not more than 15 people)
Strong family ties
Male – hunting; female – farming

Have a chief and selected based on his leadership

Informal education to children
Boys – hunting
Girls - farming
Replace the Horticultural society – farming by using simple
tools
Pastoral society – animal husbandry

The size is bigger (almost 1000)

Family ties

Nomad – finding better place suitable for farming

Chief is selected from the strongest male in the clans

The strongest clan will lead and protect other clans

Also known as agrarian society

Involve in estate and using animals to work at estates

Located in certain place

Has a bigger size (almost 100,000)

High mortality and high death rate

The cause of death : virus and war

 Economic Activities
Farming Using money in economy

Trade activities

Division of labors ;
job opportunities
Existed due to Industrial Revolution (1750s)

Use natural resources and better equipment to

produce goods.

Using more machine as compared

to manpower.
Population size Bigger and various job opportunities

Economic activities Complex; division of labor; various economic

systems such as capitalist, communist, mixed
economy

A leader is selected through election.

Formal and systematic

educational system.
ORGANIZATION’S ROLES IN SOCIETY
 The concept of
“Organizing the Organization”
A m e ch anis m or m e ans

In order to ensure the goal and

the needs of individuals as well
as society as a whole will be
achieved.

Relates closely to taking action

and coordinating activities
done by the particular society.
Factors Contribute to the Formation of
Organization in the Society
IMAGINE OUR FUTURE SOCIETY
THE THIRD WAVE the structure of the society is
becoming too complex.

Changes of structure always occur

Formal organization that represents the society.
Borderless
Societal needs will change based on time.

Combination and Cooperation between each

member in the society is important to get
better structure.

Control (via formal and informal

rules) will make the society stable.