Grammar: Essential 1

Simple present / Present progressive

1 Which sentence is about an action that is happening now?
Check (✓) a or b.
A It’s snowing now. ✓
B It often snows in the winter.
1 A I usually wear jeans.
B I’m wearing jeans today.
2 A Mark is playing baseball now.
B Mark plays baseball every Friday.
3 A They study Art once a week.
B They’re studying Art right now.
4 A Dad is cooking tonight.
B Dad sometimes cooks.
5 A Lucy is writing an email now.
B Lucy writes an email every day.

2 Choose the correct alternatives.

Tim always is getting up / gets up at 7:30 a.m.
1 I never walk / am walking to school.
2 Tim talks / is talking with Grandma now.
3 It rarely is raining / rains in July.
4 Mom works / is working right now.
5 We buy / are buying food once a week.

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Grammar: Essential 1
Present progressive for future
3 Are the actions in the present (P) or the future (F)?
Listen! Megan is singing. P
Megan is singing in the concert on Friday. F
1 I’m meeting my friends this afternoon.
2 Look! Maria’s talking with Lucas.
3 Enzo isn’t watching now.
4 We aren’t playing tennis on Saturday.
5 Are you going shopping tomorrow?

4 Choose the correct answers.

They are flying to Miami afternoon.
A at B this
1 What are you doing morning?
A next B tomorrow
2 I’m going to the dentist three o’clock.
A at B next
3 Are you having a picnic June 2nd?
A tomorrow B on
4 The students are going to Recife week.
A in B next
5 Kenji is starting school September.
A in B on

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Grammar: Essential 2
be: Simple past
Affirmative
1 Choose the correct alternatives.
Jason was / were late for school.
1 These jeans was / were expensive.
2 We was / were tired after the soccer game.
3 Heitor and Zilda was / were at the festival.
4 I was / were on the basketball team.
5 You was / were late for school.

Past time expressions

2 Complete the sentences with yesterday, last, or ago.
Last night, Lola and Chloe were at the movies.
1 Lola and her parents were in New York Christmas.
2 Lola was at her grandparents’ house two days .
3 afternoon, Lola was at a judo lesson.
4 Lola and her mom were in the yard ten minutes .
5 Lola and I were late for school .

be: Simple past

Negative
3 Complete the sentences with wasn’t or weren’t.
My rucksack wasn’t under the desk.
1 Alex at Music Club yesterday.
2 We at the concert last night.
3 You in your bedroom five minutes ago.
4 I at Abigail’s party last week.
5 My headphones in my pocket.

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Grammar: Essential 2
be: Simple past
Interrogative and short answers
4 Choose the correct answers.
“ Luis at school yesterday?” “Yes, he was.”
A Were B Was
1 “Was Mia home on Sunday?” “Yes, she .”
A wasn’t B was
2 “Were Ana and Juan at your party?” “No, they .”
A weren’t B wasn’t
3 “Was the weather good?” “Yes, it .”
A was B wasn’t
4 “Was Harry late for school?” “No, he .”
A weren’t B wasn’t
5 “ you and your family in Italy last summer?” “Yes, we were.”
A Were B Weren’t

have: Simple past

Affirmative
5 Choose the correct alternatives.
I had / was 10 years old in 2012.
1 Sofia was / had short hair last year.
2 We were / had at David's party on Saturday night.
3 Lee was / had overweight last year, but now he’s slim.
4 My grandparents had / were a house in Los Angeles.
5 We had / were a dog when I was young.

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Grammar: Essential 3
Simple past: Regular verbs
Affirmative
1 Complete the sentences with the simple past of the verbs in parentheses.
We stayed (stay) in the park for two hours.
1 The library (open) late yesterday.
2 Mom (work) in a bank until last year.
3 Jose and Sebastian (play) soccer on Friday.
4 I (visit) the new sports center yesterday.
5 They (cook) dinner last night.

Simple past: Regular verbs

Affirmative spelling variations
2 Complete the chart with the simple past form of the verbs in the box.

arrive plan copy love prefer cry

like–liked try–tried stop–stopped

arrived

3 Complete the sentences with the simple past form of the verbs
in parentheses.
It was a sad film. Ellie c r i e d (cry) at the end.
1 The bus s o p (stop) in front of the church.
2 I t d (tidy) my room on Sunday.
3 The post office c s (close) at 3 p.m. yesterday.
4 The girls p y (play) tennis in the park.
5 Laura s i (study) Math yesterday afternoon.

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Grammar: Essential 3
Simple past: Irregular verbs
4 Decide which verbs are regular (R) or irregular (I).
I got some great shoes at the store. I
Isabella arrived late. R
1 We ate lunch in a café.
2 Mom hated my new jeans.
3 I read a good book last week.
4 They tried some Chinese food.
5 Rafael went to the sports center.

5 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.

bought taught made went ate met

I go to the supermarket on Saturdays.

I went to the supermarket last Saturday.
1 We eat pizza once a week.
We pizza yesterday.
2 Daniel buys his jeans at that store.
Daniel his jeans at that store.
3 I meet Amy after school on Fridays.
I Amy after school last Friday.
4 Mr. Perez teaches us Geography.
Mr. Perez us Geography last year.
5 Mom makes a cake every week.
Mom a cake last week.

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Grammar: Essential 4
Simple past
Negative
1 Match the pictures with the sentences.

1 B 2 3

4 5 6

A He didn’t see the sign.

B She didn’t pass her test.
C They didn’t bring an umbrella.
D They didn’t win the game.
E I didn’t sleep well.
F She didn’t clean her room.

2 Choose the correct alternatives.

I didn’t go / didn’t went shopping last Saturday
1 Owen not play / didn’t play the guitar very well.
2 She didn’t buy / not buy a new dress for the party.
3 I didn’t like / didn’t liked the new Superman movie.
4 Dad don’t get up / didn’t get up early this morning.
5 We didn’t had / didn’t have Math class yesterday.

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Grammar: Essential 4
Simple past
Interrogative and short answers
3 Complete the short answers with did or didn’t.
Did you watch Superman on Saturday?
Yes, I did .
1 Did he walk to school this morning?
Yes, he .
2 Did David and Clara go to school yesterday?
No, they .
3 Did you call Victor last night?
Yes, I .
4 Did Mateo do his homework last night?
No, he .
5 Did your cousins come to your party?
Yes, they .

Question words + Simple past

4 Choose the correct answers.
A did you say?
A What B Why C How
1 did they get up?
A Where B What time C What
2 did he buy that T-shirt?
A What B How C Where
3 “ did you feed the dog?” “I fed him this morning.”
A Why B How C When
4 did she leave early?
A What B Why C Where
5 did you make this cake? It’s delicious!
A How B What C Where

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Grammar: Essential 5
have to
Affirmative and negative
1 Choose the correct alternatives.
It’s Sunday. We have to / don’t have to go to school.
1 Dad can’t take us to the sports center today. We have to / don’t have to
take the bus.
2 Students have to / don’t have to pay. The museum is free for them.
3 She has to / doesn't have to clear the table. That’s her brother’s job!
4 Poor Mom … she have to / has to work on Sundays.
5 It’s dinner time! You have to / don’t have to set the table.

have to
Interrogative and short answers
2 Choose the correct answers.
“ A get up early for work?” “Yes, he does.”
A Your dad has to B Does your dad have to
1 “Do we have to write our names on the test?” “ .”
A You do B Yes, you do
2 “ go to volleyball practice today?” “Yes, he does.”
A Does Joe have to B Does Joe has to
3 “ pay for the tickets?” “No, they don't.”
A Does they have to B Do they have to
4 “ turn off your phones?” “Yes, we do.”
A Do you have to B Do have to
5 “Does your sister have to do the shopping?” “No, .”
A not B she doesn’t

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Grammar: Essential 5
Compounds: some / any / no
3 Choose the correct alternatives.
There’s someone / anyone at the door.
There isn’t someone / anyone at the door.
Is there someone / anyone at the door?
1 Nobody / Anybody wants to iron.
2 I can’t find my bag anywhere / nowhere.
3 Does anyone / someone know where Oak Street is?
4 It’s boring. There’s nothing / nowhere to do.
5 I have something / anything to tell you.

Compounds: every
4 Complete the sentences with body, thing, or where.
La La Land was a great movie. Every body loved it.
1 Check the shopping list. Do we have every we need?
2 Every in my family does some of the chores.
3 My bike is my favorite thing. I ride it every .
4 Your room’s a mess! There are clothes every !
5 Macy’s is a great store! It sells every !

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Grammar: Essential 6
must / mustn’t
1 Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.

You mustn’t ride 1 You go

bikes here. straight.

2 You 3 You
use your phone. show your passport here.

4 You 5 You
stop here. take photographs.

mustn’t / don’t have to

2 Choose the correct alternatives.
We mustn’t / don’t have to do this homework now.
1 You mustn’t / don’t have to tell Luciano about his surprise party!
2 I already have the tickets. You mustn’t / don’t have to buy them.
3 Be quiet! You mustn’t / don’t have to talk in a library!
4 Renata mustn’t / doesn’t have to do any housework.
5 Jack and Tom mustn’t / don’t have to get up early on Sundays.

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Grammar: Essential 6
Verb + -ing form
3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.

writing walking cleaning speaking traveling helping

I like walking to school in the spring.

1 They don’t enjoy by bus.
2 Ellie doesn’t mind postcards.
3 I practice French every day.
4 Liam doesn’t mind friends with their homework.
5 I have to finish my bedroom.

Verb + infinitive
4 Choose the correct answers.
Lily A every day.
A tries to study B study to tries
1 Joseph a bike.
A to decided buy B decided to buy
2 Don’t a postcard!
A send to forget B forget to send
3 We to Mexico next year.
A hope to go B go to hope
4 I some souvenirs.
A want to buy B buy to want
5 Alex to college.
A go to is planning B is planning to go

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Grammar: Essential 7
Count / Noncount nouns
1 Check (✓) five more noncount nouns.

mayonnaise ✓ olive oil broccoli

carrot cookie pineapple
salt pepper lemon
coconut potato beef

some / any
2 Complete the sentences with some, any, or a / an.
There isn’t any ham in the fridge.
1 There are cookies in the cabinet.
2 He doesn’t have spinach.
3 There aren’t melons in the store.
4 Is there apple in the lunchbox?
5 There’s cheese in the fridge.

a lot of / much / many

3 Choose the correct answers.
I drink a lot of / much water.
1 I always put many / a lot of ketchup on my fries.
2 Do we need many / a lot of sugar?
3 Are there much / many lemons?
4 Dad put a lot of / many salt in the soup!
5 I don’t eat many / much cheese.

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Grammar: Essential 7
How much …? / How many …?
4 Complete the sentences with much or many.
How many eggs do you eat every week?
1 How time do you spend on your homework every night?
2 How cookies did you eat last night?
3 How money do you spend on snacks?
4 How songs do you have on your phone?
5 How TV do you watch every week?

a little / a few
5 Choose the correct answers.
May I have A ketchup on my hot dog?
A a little B a few
1 My grandpa only speaks English.
A a little B a few
2 There are only boys in my class.
A a little B a few
3 I asked the teacher questions.
A a little B a few
4 There’s only cheese left.
A a little B a few
5 We only spent money at the mall.
A a little B a few

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Grammar: Essential 8
Comparative adjectives
1 Complete the chart with the comparative form of the adjectives.

Adjective Comparative
1
new newer
thin (1)

safe (2)

angry (3)

small (4)

intelligent (5)

2 Complete the sentences with the comparative adjectives in the box.

hotter taller more expensive heavier younger lazier

Kim is taller than Rachel. She’s 1.65 m.

1 Juan is
2 Yesterday was
3 Maria is
4 The jeans are
5 Tim’s suitcase is
than Elena. He’s only 10.
than today. It was 35°C.
than Felipe. She never plays sports!
than the pants. They’re $45.
Jo’s suitcase. It’s 23 kg.

Superlative adjectives
3 Choose the correct answers.
Grandma is the oldest / the most old person in my family.
1 Matt is funny / the funniest boy in my class.
2 This room is the biggest / biggest room in the house.
3 Emma is the nicest / the most nice girl in my class.
4 Your cat is most beautiful / the most beautiful cat I know.
5 That watch is the most expensive / more expensive watch in the store!

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Grammar: Essential 8
Irregular adjectives
4 Choose the correct answers.
My mom’s phone is better / best than my dad’s phone.
1 Monday is the worse / worst day of the week.
2 I think Beyoncé is better / best than Rihanna.
3 Recife is farther / farthest from São Paulo than Salvador.
4 The weather today is worse / worst than yesterday.
5 This is the better / best day of my life!

as … as
5 Complete the sentences with is as … as or isn’t as … as.
The backpack is seven kilos. The suitcase is fifteen kilos.
The backpack isn’t as heavy as the suitcase.
1 Boston is 18°C. New York is 25°C.
Boston hot New York.
2 Liam is 1.80 m. Mark is 1.80 m, too.
Liam tall Mark.
3 Matt is bored. Sarah is bored, too.
Matt bored Sarah.
4 The T-shirt is $12. The jeans are $25.
The T-shirt expensive the jeans.
5 Joey is 10. Amelia is 10.
Joey old Amelia.

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