Materiel Science and Engg {S- 2020), Gryoup- A $12) write the cbifferences bel ween Crystalline and Now-trgsttlie materials, defining both of them - Asi 5 Ceystatine Non-Crystalline 1. Grystattine Solids bosses a 2. We borticles of the Conctttuene definite ard “te jae vn “the ae of a : amorbhous Solids ore owed nd Conseil Lie | “ ~¥ey doret posts kt pet! as Short ofdey of 14) ap: . Constuent on " 4 defirite genet are have a Shorter eran over - Crystalline walerial Jere to |2. ae 4 alonot have 2. re nadaed Aichinel Shash v7 points rate fie She evil forws A the Sy. Mon Crystoltine Aorel eve crystal Jerd to hove ¥ pil oe Gel Metals is a malevial that los re ‘Nese are Juste ond atc 8 Conductoys f heal and electserty- Some meal ate (ike Lron, Alurrinium, Cophet ele. Aliyys is a Sobsferce nat het roo or mote Combonents mire with medals Such are Qracs, pecker, Phosphor \pvonze, crvralgarn ee. 9 Modulation Institute Provides Complete Course Video Lecture with Study Notes for AMIE See-A and See-B(Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronies, Chemical & Production Engineering). You can download “Modulation Institute” App from Google Play Store to Get the Video Course. After download the App you will get free all update about AMIE. For Details Contact: 9015781999 / 8178426964 Visit: www.modulation.inWA) that are the Bi erences belween Ceramics avd Polgroeese Give “0 exombler excl, for Cevomie. and Yoljree: ‘ Pest: Coramice!= “TRete ate inargenie Comboure|s, are} tsa wode elthe af oxjder, castles, nihieles or Silicafes refafs. Ceromics ave ‘Ppieetly penty Crgstaltine wf pertty inti its Atoms (tons offen) in coromic mraterials behove veost hy Wee eMhey post tive oy okives ion, oF Ore bounced by very stron aol, “Covces Lelracen then. Thete malrials are chovet|evizied y a hah “a urdey Combyession, oy duchlity usuehl od “ty Feak ant elethicity. Sone ave He: porch Pobpeess:= Polyeners in the form of ‘thevmao- blastics (won, Poly ethalere, poluvingl chiovidle, Culler ele) Coneist oft melecal a i eh bordling wit, oa ms 7 Non dey Waals fosces befwoern ther: Byer Ve tre Loren of Hhamo-sels eg- Shor. phobia eb) Consist ef © choot ct a Covalent bende. “hey ov beseal on Hic vel othey ron- rnelaltic elements Polyrners ore omer phous ; excebl for a voiwority a -thennoplastar- polyoens ore “abety elected ao Atherrod) insilebovs. rg ahaa era Jemberakutes ( {00- Woo ©) and ove Vy cart: Other preferies at yeyQO Wei ¥ ‘ St aces “ene aia een Ansi- poinle elec ‘ : 5 i par ae oi see a MS ed a Alt Some torent boint def ects ave, a. pein Deleclss- a. Vatoncies:= “The Simplest point def et $s Vatoncy - This refers to 0 missing atom or Vatont atomic af. Such defect arise ~elthet From imperfect packt awe “the oigin Crystallization of Yorn Shermal Vi bretion of the atoms hyp Lemberathures se O) Scrotiky Deleli- Sebel defect yy. ewe: obpotely chav eq} fons leave a not lattice hosition, Formin feelecencies Ye Woe lattice SAtucture: Since boty ae and anions have ‘he Soxe chernge are Sine every anion Vacancy Ynere evicts o cabo Vacancy, the eWasze neukallity of the cxgsal is malntairse - b. Toterstitialieies »- An {ntershal ao arises (hen on atom eccubied a position behaecn the atom of, “the idea} Cuyiel- Gn a closed peckel exert S ators, tf the akymic \peckt Aockor is lots, on evka chor rey be Vodged within “He cgi shuchure. This & Kroon’ 4 Intershal - Ap atom Gn ene iti pace Meh ithe Interstitial Veiel \efuo it cir vB ie re ost neo alom, on hen ib Vs { ato, Hes rise V4 usitl une ademte atest es tortion -Tnberstitie] may be Single, obi and tei interetia| 4 Frankel debecli- £4 is closely relefeel to jnkerstitialies Frenke| olefec ts weal token a cation leaves ite poral positon an lodged} tn an tntesHal sie: when an ton dish oted from he a “f Pasition to an interstitial fosition creahing a Vator, he t. o} Notony- dnlersbtial i Cellee| Frenkel Wes 2-L+ Draw the oliograrn and| exblain abount elye dis \ntation- Jor -Ofowon dislocation i> choot erred Amss- Edge dislocation or Te ue a Doargers Vector “OL » pethendicloy Ao He disloletion Vine Le deseri beal at on ole 4 on exta plane of afoms within a ergsiol steuchure. Thus Yeaions oneciate HL Sh alae distottion. Combression and fencion orc Became of exha incomblele plere ef atoms the atoms above Aislocetion Vine ave Squezzea| ‘rgeetber ard axe in the Siste Conbiession, Whereas abomns below Yore putter fart ard exbrience dense skesses: Edge dasiocation 5 Concidered pesrfve, a Comlnessive Show present absore the dislocation (ine ancl is vohesented ly LL. If the shress state bv ohbosite Le Cormpressive eeethes ext Wluaietieseusteetien Vines Tk is Considereet os, ad disloation; arc "el xererherl hy . Posehve a issecbion Neqabive ae Lisorabion - A pure Age Aislocobion can qiide or Sib te a Alsectton ber edi culay to ils length - q i t teS Exblain diffusion in Solids with exambles _ nst= “The movement or migration odoms ts Cableof Ai, Diffuion vs furdonetel “ho phase chonge ce ot edo : An fect Heabrent: {tis asic te men processes Suth af Gre harden in 4 steel voduetion shong ky) @iptenia bales. padleiedin af costing om others india op Slaton aa Lage digluion > “yth the aepuois age ahoms Gam lathe ate. Gn feet, Hoe akoms in Siig mnQerio|s axe im Contoct aot on) vefidl chegieg jpositiens fn oder to make ucla rove TWO Conditions math mel - A. “There wouck be on eh adgace t site . 2. Ke ator rout ro suflicient energy te break herds veth Hs neghtes artorn are| then Cowie Seve jartice bye distotadh ducing the dishlecersent “VFte ore so imbottert mechanism Ma takich ofoms or ions Gon chi hue: re) Nacores Mechonin Gy Tnteubtial Techonism Ba Vacony piion— > Atoms Shange eth Noconciel > Applies to Master ebeiitie ofoms ? Rake deberts on ©) phembet Yotantiet * * . ® Retvalion nega to exthonge - b oO ovo Ooo g90 o 0 oROROM®] ooo 0 PrereaategBla) Draw the bina Phere aeatomn with Sheei fie notebions. Posse Biron phoe diegrams are rnabs rat vtebresentt the anki behip beten Aembetabie ord Hoe Combonition an qwontties of hose Ploste A frernation F pigeysiolie moafenals, deforrnation and Slip is spore Com plex: in page talline rwokeried due +. torclom cuyst ee oni’ of the ‘perme Yous qers and the effect SI “feng a He hiveclion + stib vey fiom one ze qo an Modulation Institute Provides Complete Course Video Lecture with Study Notes for AMIE See-A and See-B(Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronies, Chemical & Production Engineering). You can download “Modulation Institute” App from Google Play Store to Get the Video Course. After download the App you will get free all update about AMIE. For Details Contact: 9015781999 / 8178426964 Visit: www.modulation.introporant Shoges 4 peat Keatment: Ansi- rst Weak “Freabmomnt > Heal realrent Sirol is a Combination 4 heabrg and | obevations, Hened| aul abpliel to 4 vrelal” oy alloy in the Solid state ina wey thot, vill produced cated properties: > NW basic reat Healent pe Gy steel invelve the —Honsfor mation of austenite» > Ry Voring the manne’ tn which gin n ich, Corborn Gee| ate heated - Cocled. Ai ferent Combinations f mechanic Prebertcs for steels Con be oblate ~> Heal feahrot 4 Sjee\ iv done doe +0 6) Elieinatin cal wold « & hod ard dishersion sheagthening : bs) —_ 14) toby Yocal. Yreakinent of heel 1s clone? Explain hoe main | ey Toohiovi modpinals tit: Purfose and Methed of beak treabment > wo Lmprove machina 4a. Wy Relieve Lateral Stress go Teeleve mnahanitel prsperies Such os clach\ity. sWergth. ord ress Bears eke GY Chonge He groie Sve: ve ‘yo Vneok? ond Coxfosion * . © adify etectneel on wogntic \pshertes wy Charge vhe Chemcal Conboirtion ity Resnve er Ww Tyncveate esis> Many heat treabvent: Bi steel & clone for Shecifie purpose. | & Nnealin uo Nevndiing wid Hardening W) ~Tempatn w Saushoce Wevclening Bristing sheuchtte nel hi erbiey orc bf lout. Metels is [reco in Condition to eeelve new Sfuthuc nd prchesties : > Ranges here Lemberotuse Where heal peabmen process is A 2 Steel Such a hatte ond hae eufectoidf Steels - Eaishing spuchus ord baat Steel 4 ae \ : Ss shes. Reriel | \ ereckicg | Recgsflirabion \ ieee Shere fition“Main shoger af Wool hedment process» wrrallelng :- Ln pyle beat freabernit Steel is Treateel in the oubnit Xeqion and then Costes in SEN od. “The mictospuchie normalize Plain Corben Steels Consist of bre- eukechoid ferrite ore| fine feovlite- The aim normaliri process ise be aie oe an “St OW) -Te increaue the Shen nf Stee\- Te vedere CombasiKional Chr oe in Cortina a fgg? ond provide a Move Unikorin Shuchtre- K Avneling > os te peak hreokment 4 Steel is done. for the Aono 4 burhoses 2 To Sef ten Moe stee\ > Srlpreve real > Qrereare uf Feshove bali ond toghnes Relieve inkeraal sexs Reduce wf Liminaks shucharal \shomogen ty . Reve re greta Gee: Prehare steel “for Sobsequent Theat fpeebment + vu v ue| 5Ub). Describe annealing, Normaliz} : 4, Normalizing . barcleni teoering paced ef heook eben Axsic Aonedlivg Areca is he roast tropeatont prover beak freabment 4 Shel and done fos the Hat perpese: ©) Te Sellen the steel - ty ng ond Lnbrove ae CD Dreveaye ot veshore ain ore| toughness. GO) Relieve Vwlerool Stress - Wd Reduce or eLiminake stwuchire| i hemagnit wo Reline ee Sire. a > Fu i a cess Annectig. 2 brewidise Armed se) Tsothernal, Reeling . Nernelisicg » Normalizing is ural to vefire the grains ane fpcduce a more urifosr ar deze Sine oliSbitabin Nrliig vl fr te nai bs > Vo tele qrein Sire —— Te twhwve mackinebitthy of reelim Caibon cel. Bry increake. Shength A yorum Carbon Skel- GW) Ty vedluse infernal Shrewses Vd Ve vhrove He Srocture of vod. Wo To acheive Cartoin mechanicel arcl electacal \roferHes .Hardening py proce of barderi Consist ob heal ocess of | Reni gs aH ns the metal to a eral of oe wh wee d Ubber eniicol point thy po-euketoiel steele and by -the Bame tembetahise above “the \owoer @rvtical tembevohive for \naper~ cal ecloid heels 14s brelel of this Lerfevahae for Consiclerosle time anc} then aptencheo| [ @oaleof Secon |y) in a Ruitadle Cooling rmecbium: © 4 3 Mato objective of borclening,. UW) Te Wwereate Vhe. \narel ness of yerisk oy WY ATE evodle it yo CAL Other metale or to moke it Suiexe fos Card teas: Yerwbering => The Lenhertg tess Consist of becking Woe harde ture below the \ooet eaticel aetol So +hek il Con skec\ bo Some temper’ Lerekerocure, Grieves} Mi ord Wasted note “4 easing dy TS teduse briBlencss ef “the pordencal stee| ane hus to \reveate duch lity. > VW remove ynternod Stresses Caused wy xefid coli A syeel « “Shock, ord {okse > To meke Steel fous vp eesist&) (©) Ghain austembuing, ard Cesbuining v iis What are the odverteges: An Avtorbering— Austembering is an Issthermel heat heabmenst Which prodtues a boinite Struchire in Sem blain Gibon Steels» Tn Hnis brecess the steel i Suck avstenitized | then apterched| im roclten Solt beth of @ temberohire gat oeve Mz temperatures held isethermelly to alter auatenie to hearse ssorshemaion fo teke plece ore| then Coches yo Yoo dernlershure ¥ { femheriog for ovide on alkernctive preted uve +o qperc 4 ane! be - he hres ond duchy sf Sone. Steels. ey 4 : The Grak shuchure Concish Be vite = Sobrore duck i are| impec ia 4 Detreevea| distaition of qecrcter| makita: 12 i and 2 Jeabert mmethel bo Corban zt > Ws } oidest i — Pe Hel v wan oterial vit Ver lord wt j se r \ocer| leon akmosl) xe Yow Cosben sArel ‘ Meee vo OLE SS: a a ny moroesde Beate Conteins Corbe We aco —> Feck Con Veo “ret is Ake Corben Con be “This ae te af the Shee|s “This freee s Nerwov . Tote Catleal decajburi a Modulation Institute Provides Complete Course Video Lecture with Study Notes for AMIE Sec-A and Sec-B(Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics, Chemical & Production Engineering). You can download “Modulation Institute” App from Google Play Store to Get the Video Course. ‘After download the App you will get free all update about AMIE. For Details Contact: 9015781999 / 8178426964 Visit: www.modulation.inOE) Define Shecific beet, thermal Con dichvity mf thermal expansion « Aw Sheife Weok-> “The gs neok 4 a Substonce. is - orwount 4b sa requives| fo he Lemberohure of one ‘3 4 a “fbro Of. one te Bet ee ot oe} ae [process Such o> Be \yeot ok Constant Volume UGS a Sheet * mey AT “WOT w ahuifie 4 scent’ yore a = nce ®T- Qe a “Fevwel Condushwi “Whe ake et hich of beak ipouss 1% soos a aa acter exe eed winsome, wel ook Klos Yee ro. we See dagonte: ew Jpevecute 6 ert Cl pacdie, to vorte (ee a . matter fo chonge “Wher wal exbansion 4D fe is We bender 4 = stole “orca, Volume, in ed Nene bo chee hachate Prot ical oll Sra of ol, wien mi re| Conlrork hen Coolea{» “The exhaniion affects oll Totem ¢ Te dee a er ost age in temp: Gate tte cooffuentSy. Explain erystaine are| avast, ecm ti | Surfoble txomb)es: Apsi= Ceramic are Consideres| on tnowonic, non. metellic, Solid sooteriel thok Con be Coro cn of etl or metatloid atoms shot are moinly held ip eHbey ionic or Covalent bonds. Knotan for theiy” bvitlle espe, Ceremius, are hard, Streng in Compression rel locok, in Shearin: ard tension: They alco tsithslene| chemicel eyerion om ie high Lembetahure. - "4 emp There aye -foo Ceromig ©) Crystalline Ceramic ‘ale xe w Noncvgstalline Cevemic: Cagstalline Coromic > Cagstatt ine Ceromics ore not eligitte fer 2 wide vonge out “the Gan ether be shahel in Get or Sorineef a Sid beds « reat Ceromicy- ed stalling “Geemicg are boricall gles ane| are yo Lom “tnor7 h welbya: Sbohing flows Can invelve Refadories aie inoigevic. non-metallic material Which Con usithstend hiah tember ature usttheut werd Pe Phys Sicb~ chemi of taf “sheng a Yemelming in Contock with molten Slag, meta one Ste 8 TOS. Hepesgar s i oe moterials Leith alfbeed B pro eee wel Y“phe eb rehactory material Refractory roferie|. clebend om if Chemica] Composition ond Prapicel Shabe 7 & Ppeid refrochory: & Qesie vehechry 6 Neakel vhe"g WY Woretithle sefectons w) ‘ Mein ux 3ehyochory wo vi = Refechng wale ayes coithator, b> High “Temfeiahne- W _Sudden che of temp edodtye - Gi) Lod ak v2 ae W) Chemital and Abrasive ochion Phases &) A) whet are dhe elechsce aes Cenc. Hhoset 2 Differentiate Forks and 1 2 b . Avsi- Elechica] Probeities fc Cesomic > The foroaing elechrca| He a ore for Ceramic moteriols- * & Tnssloting pr w Elechicel ait: uid Diclecic Sten +h uw) Dielechic Cons ont wy Semi- Conducting pope. wi) _Sube Core uch popats : “ith yo P ten qi) fg frspe ities -a _ Rilfoence behocen 1aeks and Gelling Shon © Rock ore mode 4 smaller Stone. and’ Stone are rredle fom eek: W Rok Gn be deseribeal og a lente piere 4 Stone Hoot 1 dffielt te be Caniee| Inthe hall - 0m ether hove, Store is jest a Small piece or pebble Hak Con be Carnie in tre hor . Ui) The Stones Can be felter| coal Lut one Cannot” do so Usith Forks, w) The Yockx ore normal Immoveste . arel i4s mecals much effort . ww As with Size, the Yecks are heeviey Than Spores:Aya ieee ee {bal eve ae shave bres f ; > Palarmer Gis “Thermeblastia Oi Themosels Ow Elastomer « at . 2) Qelgoet = polamrrs have wary stcuctura probesties Low density . i ie eae of fain wo Grove Corrosion resistonee W) Brood rroule| abili ) Gecettent Sw Goish Serel - Con be ieee shih Onse Limersionel tolerone WD Economrcal viy Posi tensile Strength WK) Low wechanical peeties Poot enbeiahare esiskonee Gi —Thermablostics1~ “This Aybe m enaterial Contain Yer lo 5 choin Vike meleteled ond” held, peti 4 relehvely wel, Varder aed force: = B4 Yrecking or tein A Gon be chenge 4 Shebe orf Sire. ? Wes ove \\neoY ‘agree! onel Moere is Ve CFM, Linwleg in Pre Strachure - Wid TThemosels ? sl Size. one Hime we Gon Change the shebe @ > ony 5 ae fm oe he imentlena| network Covalent. ands along uth rors - inking beboren Chains D> Wer are barden apse 2 We chemical sceackh ‘ . . reboot, by Cdeo| og creales tree dimensional> Elastomers tHe natural. Tubber is betk Kroon elastomer. Elastomers have mony steuchiral properties > “Whey hove ver pa Spain as low - 7 Ted ave ws ~P ani ees ‘ ee e are non- Cr Hall ine smateri > sy 0 bad Conductor J bel > Ss hier are tough: a Modulation Institute Provides Complete Course Video Lecture with Study Notes for AMIE Sec-A and Sec-B(Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics, Chemical & Production Engineering). You can download “Modulation Institute” App from Google Play Store to Get the Video Course. ‘After download the App you will get free all update about AMIE. For Details Contact: 9015781999 / 8178426964 Visit: www.modulation.ina) Exblain palgmnerizattion «mechani Oo Pigmerizebion, 2p Palgmerization sya recess thrown which 9 large number af moletoler seack “together sto forms a pslymer- “He macyoynolecues hroduceal from a bdyrevizetion have © lineay sro branche Shuchue: They Con also ‘asume the S Combley Hhvee Aimensional nelwork, “There exist Severed hi freot, clea pelyrnerization YeocKions, the most netetle tohich being Step” graath pelymerimeHeny Chain growth beapagt zatton Coot Ne Cokegory 4 tion bel eae arel Condensation bd meri zahon - Sobstence thot is mécle” ub v4 Jorge wolecles hak ‘ate ie tain, mode ub Bi many vebealt ums allel toners Pelgrrerization is the process HyreoSth tohil? there monomets Come cather fe

toe the belgmet por) aS bol stgiene i ech, an othe CAL CHD i “OD 0 6 a pelgstgrers 7 Mecheriern of Jslpwerizebon=> hee stebs whieh Incabde, Qrererally felymerirahion Consist 4 mands wt abion, an ferminotion « Ax fo the reathiory mechanism fhe process pol meri ation main ne +00 Aifkrent methals. The inclucfer -the Step quate Chain eo mechanism - echanigm anef cy Nakurel pelarnes: w _Seri- 54 Ke Pager a Syptietic polyrer .@) CO Describe athe mein, popes of Glows. hak sa: Fayrerieati on fracki en te 2 Blain ‘with cvomble fe Many fpofetier SP gles > > 3; ° VeWUD v No Shar e\ hin point “" Sila eapahe sfeuchue xvemely Gatile- . excellent insulator ot clevakes| Lemberchure- Avoiloble in beau Glovr: Ne& offecte| by ait rrr Gilow Con be cleorea| eosily Alscovhs, vefreets or fyonsmits \ight- Wigr Combessive sheng ofticel fsorsharent Caily faba olymerization frachon r= Pol etidotion frock on 1s debs cl 08 the Laigetes| monupiletion of ste meleculsr Weignt dishibabion f a belyrner ba al sheik and of To chain reataial ys Cable papreizetion action: Constituent of glatt =» > S\ice: , > Sodium oF Potassiuin Garhonake + > Lima 5 Megene onder 2 CMtek : 2 Colour Substonces(8) (a° Ghladn ogretism, Diawaa nchism, {patemegmetizon, are{ Serr omegneth sm « Ansi- Mogneti syn: — Mognetism is © Phenomenon tahich @ material exerts either atyoctive of repulsive fouce sory apotleer’. Quake, Source rete force 78 srovernent 9 eleebycty chorges| bosticler: Thuy Tiegrette leheviout a material Goo bY fracesf fo the structure f dos Elector In atoms have 9 Plonch motion in that the around phe ‘pucleoous: This orbite] motion ord. 4s own shin “Cauw Seferote nefic/nements, Which Contribude to the mea ee. fCotcal + Thes coal rokerial Gon “ethene b Pfs a.’ Diomegnetisn :> > 2 ror . By & BARS ot aio presence f @kewsel Feld, non-berrarerl > The Inducee{ mognetic: mower 's Soll) ar’ the moginehizetion (4) diration ‘y nefabive to ehpote fe the cLiveikion bo abiplieal field (HD - 3 Material Such 3 Cu, Agr Si, Ag ond odueninivm alurniva aye, diamagnetic at ‘youry tewpeihne Pavarnaanetisin => laaeeqre jsue fore { tohereby Somecmnakerials ate Weakl allyat teof by an external Tapeh Fret ancl forsn interna inducea| megnebic Beis Sn the direction of the afblical rwegretic Redl , Terromagnetignm 3 “Ferromeginetiir is the peate. mechaniem by tohich “Cestoing moteriaf ‘os aa iron fore hermanent: wognets, vy ore alts heat at rargmels : megnehsr _Btw whol is Orgogentes © Exptoin polyrienizetion Yechantim: 1- @ erica Cryogenics is the as - ancl Arsim Caggernt® 99 ‘ is ' + Very foto tewber Yehavious oft materials o ‘ issu) Lemberokures Change” the Chemical [probectieg a rmaterials, vohicls \x idle an intesern are Stuely Lor sees Yerearchers , Who Wish bo" exom ine dhe walerials of thes Aronson Grom ges te Lael oa “Bovid’ grate - : Palymerizobion Pechenism —> Beyer Explain im ACE) onset Debine ieswletors: relic Prele| Contoins a6 Pecauye A hae @)¢) Bilan ene eng: Asx” Wognetic energy. Each eG ¢ etic ener energy, alse Colles, mrogr 0 spe field 1 gered is elechre the mognehc energy Ws an enevard from ane car Corns efector - Trsulators> An isuletor is 0 rnateriaf oak doe! aa Tex Conductor elechic Crnent- Drseling amalevichs include babey, pleshe sulbey, ‘ed ore| ots Modulation Institute Provides Complete Course Video Lecture with Study Notes for AMIE Sec-A and Sec-B (Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics, Chemical & Production Engineering). You can download “Modulation Institute” App from Google Play Store to Get the Video Course. ‘After download the App you will get free all update about AMIE. For Details Contact: 9015781999 / 8178426964 Visit: www.modulation.in@) ~ Aw: . Mognehc rroment! - Megnetic “ahoment \s Woe ™ ie Se areal orientotion 12 a mognet 4 other obgeet a magnetic fret: The Mtion of < iat "psik for “the Seth sel “role of the tf met) w Groin Syroathe > Gyroin qo vs the incveate jo Size “qieins Age herdenins also known 8 ree hardenin we yf LE ak is Uteel te import, She Pac ry rend ws Lk wy Coblerf frecifitehon fen os it makes Ue Lie ab purities oY precipitates for the eatin 4 Crchtal Cooling vate = “Whe anininun Vote Confinuous Calling pst Se Uae 7a urdesi dponsformeh 2 Yor Sec he slowest yafe of which it Ge be Coskesf - in above the Upper crite} fembersts Mecomposition Pirertte ot om te crpeiedire- wo w) ye. to prevent the w fer Coxon System => Dyon- Grkon phate diogrom West, he iran ee Sostem a alleys Contedning. uf to ° cof hi Cin. the prow Composition anef dhely 7d Usith the alleys a4 Hely Calig a Cosbon Combein 667 mee eee bef he fs “ tranw wy vit) bw | &) aMoys / om extoseal fo a Shesifie environme Wark, ged) Reeutqie Werks hardening In metalliaya, Increaye in here} ners a melo] induces! « The lengthy recs ‘ ofter Bemoving a dy from 8 ein wee breaks is 42 lensth yelovercal ter temoving o Joe Sut before it enter into plastic cleforrna then - Sesten Crock ing > Season Crockdng. oxcars So Cobre avo] . ‘siege Subj “The yietl Sheng 3s debve asthe * Shes at which o fuedelerrir| amours a pormence E eborenetion eccus: “The evel of Shee Hh Cores d Ls the Yield font 15 veAfew fo wa tate Sse] lesa: “a 4 4 Norornatene] => Nonowaterials are chemi] Substances of rralerioh thot are we echreo| arc ute} at a Ver Sal} Seale: Nonemalerals ove develobex| to exh exhibit novel cay Com pare| +o fhe Same trateri votthe nanoscale Features, Such as incteat ol skers Chern Caf samy oY Condachvity- at Suscebhblity of barawegretic makrel> The mehc. Susceb healt Vs O Yreatuve ho uch ao mateo sill become rnagretizen| tn tive rmeqn ne field .