STATISTICS IS THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

LECTURE – 16

CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY

PREPARED BY
HAZBER SAMSON
FAST NUCES ISLAMABAD
MT-2005 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY

CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
If A and B are two events, then the conditional probability that A occurs, given that B has
 
already occurred, is written by P(A given B) or P A B and is given by

P A  B 
PA B  
P B 

IMPORTANT FORMULAS

If A and B are any events then

P A  B 
1. PA B  
P B 

P A  B 
2. PB A 
P  A

3. P A B   PB   PB A  P A


4. P Ac B 
P Ac  B
  
PB 
PA  B c 
 
5. P A B 
c

PB c 

  PAPB B   PPAB B  1  P( A  B)
c c c
P Ac B  
c
6. c c
1  P( B)

MULTIPLICATION LAW OF PROBABILITY EVENTS FOR DEPENDENT

If A and B are dependent events then

P A  B   P A.PB A

or P A  B   PB .P A B 
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PREPARED BY HAZBER SAMSON SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DPT FAST ISLAMABAD

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