2. INDEX + | Electrostatic Potential Enangy ome! Potential . | Elechostatic..Paterdial clus ta~ (@) & point charge. (> Group of Electric charges . | Electrostatic Potential ob a pet clue do an Elechle Dipole Equipotendial Suataus -| Relation behsean Elechic field mel electric. potential +] Electrostatic Poberdiad Energy of a system of charges .| Potential Enogy 6 (2) A single charge In an external Field (6) Arsystem of teso changes in om external #eld| -|Potentiol Exuagy of clipele. in an exteanal Field pekechastntics of Concluctors Electrostasic Shiekling. :| Dielectric) Polarization | Capacitors -# Capacitance [Capacity of On Isolated spherical conductor] W-]Peealle! Plate Capacitor RJ Eect sf Dielectric on capacitance +] Capacitance, ope parallel plote Capacitor with clidectic slab .| Combinadion of Capacitors | Enugy Stored in a Capadior | Van De Gros Gerster Very Important Questions You never know how close you are, never give up on your dreams![2 [etectrostatic Potential & Capacitance Introduction. seotrostotic potential of a Ongel body repeercrds the slagrea, of elechificadtion oly He body: Tt oletewnmes The direction °F flovs of cheoge ketWean “fur Chargee! belies placed tm Condoet wr each ee 5 oie the fsa a ental bo crodier bolly LY index gehen Tha Phos oh charge. stops as damn as the potendiols of the. Daties “become ‘equal. v Let ws assume an elechic fiell E eluate a charge 00 cme oy tpt fe @ smell te +4 @ point A b @ point B ogainst the repulsive force on blue to change +@- Electrostatic Potential Energy A We assume ‘that the external force Fire applied lg just suficierd Jo comter the repulive alechic force on the: Lust charge 430 the net fore on dest Charge 9 JS Zero ariel Lb moves from A to B withont any Yecelersation. Now the work done by external fore is negedive oh work done by the dechié force amd, atts full stored in the ein the foren of iL potential ennegy. THis usrk dora ageinst electnstetic force gets Stored as potential Y ensrayy. Hence electrostatic potential energy clijerrnie betwen go points, @emd Alas equal coke. minimum Work done! by an erigunal orca. in,,moving a test change 4 frm Av +. B without “acceleration. Note :- | The work alone by an electrostatic fie in moving 4 Leet choage fromm Gee point to another clependsVerly nthe. pasiions ofy ial cred fo) pain TH cn not on the chosen in goin one peh iat omen OP omg fom oP # For a change. dismbution of finite extent, we choose zero electrostodic potential energy at infinity [Us= 0] Thunefore, cohen point A is ot infinity we get: Wee = Us - Uw ox Wea = Us-0 Wea = Us g ad a point in an electie. ficld che sVan? chong Chafigeaation Sa eaial ao work clone bf the. exBihal fore in bringing the 24 inf ten a ¢ Crorge 1 fm infinity te tha ‘point withouP day acceleration.Electrostatic Potential Tre dectic potential cliftenence behween duro peirds B and A in an electric amourt of work done in casaijing uot Positive test wea Chaage from part) between ot AB without the +0 points. Th Va and Va are the f[-si dae 3 |, eS on . w 2 fe else. = -22 [24] am ane [= J, So we lo = are L¥ ~~ aRer So by detivition the clechostatic pokerdtiod od P dui! Fol chage ta ua : ~_t oS Y * aner @® wrt a the electrostatic: potential at the Surface of gor nucleus of cliameter 13:2 femi- Z for gad ds 7°, . Sol, “Hee Y= 13.2 = 66 ferm) or Y = GbKIT mM. end Ts Ne So Gs Wxkxiol? - So v= & = 9x10" x79 x16 x15!? ae ee Kio : Ve L7 X10 Volt * when % Gas positive, the clechostatic potentiod, v ia, positive opel when q da negative, clectrstatic potential is negostve. # Elechost ete Potential due to a si male che Ja sphmieally syprmetric. 7. = >w 3 vay si fa at $ 25 te Eat as ie o Distance —> Fig:- Variation off Electrostatic Poberdia| ae ond Schall tl wlth elastance Electric Charges .- Suppose there we a number of point charger Dir bao dare Un OF distonets 1 5 Ta fsye- Th Tespectivel: the point P, Jgbectivey, don poten is to be calculated, The potential ot P luc to various Charges are. ~ ee leae [ain fan Vii Grey? “Sane ey ee ON Vast an a> al 32 and 50 on alge The yesuttomt petendiod ot P is VE Wt Va Nabe Vn vet 1 + 9a 4 ag... On are (¥ ys Ye or v =< Eos 41 & ‘i a@ A cube of stl & has a chage 9 at ow ab ite ea: Deleumine the poterdil amd elechi clue to this Charge array ot the conde of He rE an Electric Dipole ;- Let us take the ongin at the Cantre of +he olipole. Now we have to Calculde electric potenhal at print P Tooke Sal: , %, - == The length of allagonal aa | where OF = of the Cube of each | Pp ri a 2Bop = 8 -2 sideb is =) J&b ; ate Roe y aa Distante behwean centre a : ay —--— md of Cube amd each veer 4 | a Pew Boar = Bb, sa qT a a ane “a Ho 8 charged each of value 4 are present of the Bp- a B vents ofthe Cube, therefore total potenHod is a ca Ve Vtates Ve = 1 84 = 44 i oa Aes Tabs Ene ie tat, | | Further electric field at the contre dus to all the. | eight charges Ib zero, because the field olue 0 | fndividuol charges Cancel in pairs: Let the cbistance of P from change -9 at A be and distance of P frm Charge +2 at B Ue Ya. Elechostate, potential od P clus to -9 and +4 charge is yespechvely 2 ot : we MS angy, ged Va = Fae So the potenttal at P clue do the olipole is - Vie VW evE vet ie are, L% i | eee OY Now by geemehry - Cos = hart (fr a vor ) ava hi Y= P4arsrarva CoseSirifasly Coa (480-8) = favo [ior triangle op) or = v*4a%+ 200 Cos Here we mary crite - 2 = at +29 core wpe (14-3 +3 Th a< Positive. sign for B= 0° and negative sign for O= 7 - Gi) On tre equatorial Plane ( @= 2; (os =0) v=o So Electrostatic potential of any point Im the equatorial plane of, clipsle 1s zero. : % The potential clue to a ollpole a axially Symmetric about B.Equipotential Surfaces potential is the same Wis Surface (i) No work is done on moving the teat chorge fom ont point To the other on equipotential suifaa. Equipoteadial Sunfeee int of which electric en equipotentiad by wae = Ve- Va Waa =o a g| a ° (i) The equipetenticd, surface through o point Ja normal to the elechic field at thad point. Cawipstentiod Surface Also Whe = Fray Was = Felt Ose How Ate Se that by Peae Pee Hence. Was Edrtos8 -@® by 24-0 and @ EdtCosp =O B= 20° # The equipotential surface of a single point change. on earn spherical 8S joes ent ob the. “chonge- * For @ uni deetric Held say clony x-axis, he Socata see ee Planes “normal” do the. x aus. qeE (8) For a point @) For une electric field. port chaage @® (2 Por an electric ollpele. (4) For two identicad Positive charges increasing E- field (2) For nontunyform electric. field.Relation between Electric Field and Electric Potential i- - Let us Coniider tum equipckatial Suataus A and Spaced closely at & perpendicular: distana oF. Let +he potential of A be Va=V and potential v- of be, Va = V-ay , where 8 potential in the direchion fpf of electric. field & noma t b av v A ond “8. a A unit positive charge (9=+1) "a 4s taken’ along this perpenclicular cbatance fom the surface Ge the surface A against the electric field. So Work lone, Won = Fear : Won = ~Edr (as #=9e) Waa = Va- Vo = V-W-dv) =dv E =-av or dr hegative Sign shows thot the olivecton of electric Hence. -Edr = dv * The tude of electHe field a given by chonge in Stade by soto por un cian Normal to the ‘equipotenticd sunface od the point. This is calli potential gradient. 12) =-J aul = ~ (Potential grodient) Electrostatic Potential Ener. a System OF charges i Electosteti tential oF System, op poet Sana PRR RLS Se TA bringing the varigus charges te. thai “respechve Cords prom infinrtely lotge mudual sepdedion. positio (i) For a System of two peint charges - ete eet @ poird Py with position vector Another point change 4%, va at 4). This a te be brought to position vector Fie In bringing the first charge 4, to position Pri) ne work Js dnc because all other Chaiges ane still ad infinity | and there Ja ro field. pace: te. distance. fon position Py ith - +4 cole Cat ropinity')- Now, Work clone In carrying change Y2 from oo to PL Y Was [Potential hue +09, ] X42. 7 al : fu. =_% Se anent AM) ds) Total work dom w= Ww) + Wy Be 41 & Yn,In bringing the first charge 4 to position Pir) no work Js ee # - be Wise tuhen we bying Charge Va from infinity to PLL) at a atin ve hen Be wae Sone Et W2 = [Potential clue to 9,] x %2, wa = 2192 ane. ta Im bringin, done agai 18 eteehbitedic. foras clus to beth A) and 4 Wa = [Potential due to % ond G2] x Gs da from @ te Pa (WS), work has to be a 1 SH Qa We = gre (Gt +4) *% vs Electastahiec potential energy of 4 Syste of three charges, ) Us WhtWats = V (91%2 4 M99 4 42% ane. \ Yn Ya Yas Protecting In this way ) we Can Write electrostatic polentiql Senergy oh & System of N point cheuges oh 1 yore Vege external Field :- Tp v@) Ws extemal potential ab any peinh P of position vector ¥, then wok clone iv bringing a chore ¢ from infinity to the point Poin the extanal fied is = 4 vi) TAs work stored jn the charged particle in, the form of its potential energy ~ +| Pelential enagy of % charge 1 (U)= 1: VF) Potential Ener: im_an external Field i Subpose ayand 9, are two point charges at pecition ecto Fact Pe rcapeedfvely in au form fexiovned electric field E Aime usork clone in bringing Chonge 4, and 4, from infinity te position YH} and Fh ake WwW = Uy ¥ CRD and | Was 4,-V(%) While bringin 20 from infin +o position Fe, work hos SB weer” odin ate BSR a, ae hy Ws = 8 ne te hhere ti ds the clistance between 9, ool Va. Se Potential energy of the System = -toted work clone Uo = Wi + Wa + W3 a2 ane Via. U = WV +a.vG%) +@D @ detamine the clechostabie potential enngy r of tem coniating of chao charges 7H and -2hic Caith Sno Tutemal, fae) plated o¢ “Caem,0,0) and Cau, 0,0) respectively, : (b) Hoos much work Vs required to separate the 10 changes infinitely cay te esch ther? (e) Suppose thal” the ‘same system of Charges is now plated in an external field ES AKL , where AzSXIOG,2. What wuld be the electrostatic T energy of He Confiquecion 7 (@) Uz Wa = TKITF KE 2K TS) KOK = -OTT anor 43) x10"? (be) Work reguiresl =/U2-Uy = O-U = O77 (6) Th the eclectic field tobal Pe. = 2% x a,vGh)+4, V6) om es-de vz f-Edr = far = 4 Tota pe. = + ANY Ate ANEDY y 2-0-7 + 9X18 (7K169) , oxi Cants8) eres sa S&S Total PE = -o7+7o-20 = 4937 le in on external Field | Comiicler & olipele placect in a uniform elects fell | cum eo rr = Here the olipole experiences nid ned force bul experiente a torque, TT Yiven by - T = BxE = PE Sino tohlch will tend do rotate it (Unless Pia parallel 40 2). Suppose an external torque T, is fed} Bina Mammen aver oh just nectraiaen seer | and volale the clipole from angle 2, -to angle | without angular acceleration. The amount of work done by the external forqua will be given by- a we [to (08 2. = {re Sine A8 W = -PE (tos®, — Cos) pen Is store] a4 tha potential energy off the Tf we take © =7/2 whe the potembiod encagy U us taken to be zero- So Ul) =-PE (cose, — Cos) Ule) =-PeEcs@ =Electrostet ics of Concluctors (1) Electostatic fidd ua zero inside a conductor. (2) At the surface of a charged, Concluctor, olechostatle field must be normal to thi Suifate at every point. Th E were not novmal to the surface » Ab would have some. non.zexo Components along the surface. Free Che om the surface of Hae “Conductor -toauld than expertence force ond) move-In the Static situction Haufore should have no tangential Component. (3) There ib no exces et amy point imide se eens fer ctetae le rans iaiae exces charge must reside od the surface (U) Cleetrstatic potential 2s constant throughout the vekine of the. concluctor and had the Same value as insice on its surface: by Wre = Ve-Ve ie ie as Hee ide Ht fenduchy E =O Seo thet Wae=o Hence S&S = Va_va a Va- Va =0 Va = VA (S) Electric field ad the surface of a Charges! Conductor is Ee ok & Herne A 33 unit vecty noma] to the surface and o Wis Surface charge olunsity. Electrostatic Shieldin Electrostod ce. shielding | Screening is the. rotecting a conten raion of space. Feecrianll Fekahie Spade a oD We Know +Head the eleehic field insicle a Gmdudor ds xoxo. Taurafore fe pret aie fone cee Helis “acledlee = come Clad Famay cage. Tuy netd not be ¢ : In thunderstorm mpainesl by Lightening , ab Ba safe GoTo inst a tae or bus Sahat to 8 in “the “Bpen growed oF under a trea-ele-. The medallic Body lot te tax or buk provides slectrostadic “shieling the lightening. Tre fundamental fact is that elechic field inside a covity, is cary mhaderen’ be the shee anol shape evi ° . Sr Te Gotha HES in hich SP GF be “placed. An eather! conductor AG Can also actas a screan against the elechde field: When AG us eartnecl | Hae Trduced pasitie change flow to earth ancl the fielel In the veglon beyond AB clisappeans.Non polar and Polar Dielectrics Bielectrics One. Insuloting materials which torsmit olectic effects without aK Conducting electricity. Dielectrics ane of toro types @) Non polar &) Polaa_ (@) Non Polar Dielectrics - The molecules in hich the tantre iHve change Coincde vith the centre oj ive, PR oe Cette men: olen maltcudeys > Such molecules ane symmebic in shabe: Examples Ox, CO2,cHy ec: ».©8 W) Polar Dielectrics \- Ih the, certres o tive omel neste charges clo not Pedmeide becwuid Ep thas as mom shage ‘p the molecules, tron Huse are Peder molecules. Examples Hel, HO, NHa ee. £2) GJ / Dielectric Polarization When a non-polar oliclectric dé huld in an extemal electric Held E, the Conte patitive. change (profs) to be Pe el Li pulled the olicection of E and the Contre of ve charge (electrons) is pulbt in a clirecton apposite. to E- Thancfre the two carded of positive and negalive charges inn tie molecule are separated. The molecule Cele aedl ie"'seid fo be pulonised. on ‘_E=0 Exo, o06| fea ©00 [2S] pon rte 00 ja e9 Molecules .. When no exteanal field is opblical 40 a dlidkcte. with polar molecules then He Uprsnt peamanent oli peles are Grendel randomly clue to thermal leigitation, $° the total cUpsle moment ig zero. When an external electic field 4 applica the individual clipe moments, ers “io liga ltt the. fd bohen summed over. all ‘the molecules ‘pears. done net clipole moment in the direction of Hu external field, ie, the dliclechic is polaxisedt E=0 eto Zz oe le | S Polar 8 & [eel au 02 [= =| , Thus in elther Coue tohethor polar or nonpolar a olickctie develops a net dipole moment inthe raiace af am extemal fietl the aipole moment ped. unit volume. 18 callus polarisation and! 21 lenated by P-Electric Suscephibility i- : TH Ja found thet the eclectic polarization P Ls directly proportional to the ejiechve electie field CEDin a prlarizes! cliclectde Poe oor ep [peXxe @ © @ thee X% is a Constant ¢| and is pronounad as ' chi’. O2@ ©X Ja Called dechic su ) | oh He didectric. ® 9 @ = OThe eclectic suscophibility discribes the elechicol behaviour op 8 delechic © For vacuum [X= 6] Effective Electric field ina polarizad clielectHe is - E = E.-Ep aE cleerease when ut is placeol in an external electric Hell 7 A ohen a diclechle a placed in an exteanal yield, tha pielel Causes polarisation of Ha ciclechle inducing afield in tha epposite olivection. Thus the nebelecic Held inside the cliclechle decreases, A Capacitor is_a system of tw conduchrs Separedes! by an insulator. I+ iS an arxenqement for Storing. lug amound of electric. change ard hence cecil envgy Sin & Small space- Principle of Capactor :- Lets Consider an: imulotesl metol plate A- Let Some positive ch be given to this plate, Hill its potential ‘become maxtmum- > e A 8 + + i + + 2 + + a te eeet +oeee ey [ey = qronded ta) (b) Now Conticler another insuladecd metal plate held near the plede 4. By Inducton 4 negadive change is prduced on the nearer face of & and tn equal postive Charge clevelops on the farther face of B- tucaal Sag homagch, He Pigte Gta eantin. The inducad! positive change on being fre, How 40 GAN a boduseal agadive Ouome Tone immer Stays on ag it is bouwd fo positive Change on Ay Dus, to the induces! five. change on @, potential “ef Ais grendty eluded): Tah Lange. Grunt of charge Se an be given to Ato vaise: to the maximum potential, Hence we concluole that the itonce of On nsuledesl conductor is Increased con Iai, bringing near dt an unchatgeol enrthed Condluttor: This is dhe principle o} Capacitor.Electical Capacitance : The abuity of a conductor to Store electric charge lu cal “electricol capacitemte, Ya charge @ given to the Conductor raises Abs potential by Vo then ut da founel Hod Q«Vv_ or Q=cv where cus a Constomt called) electrical Capacitaner. C= S| sx unit of capacitance - Farad A Conductor ib saicl to have @ Copaci A farad, then a charge of 1 Coulomb raises Jt paiabias by” 1 vol. Capacity of an Isolated Spherical Conductor Let a change + is given toa Sphere . a As the sphoe behaves as ih the entire chakge is Conuntrated! at the contre, of the sphere > Se the potential Yad omy paint on the surface of the sphthe wa - 4 4ney ve nce % ce | CF AMET Capacity of earth i- We can Calculate electrical Capacity of earth, taking it te be a Conducting sphue of radiul! y°= cysokm. I < = 41 = euxis = 7 UE c= 4nmey sir * ww Thus the Capacity ef earth c= = v aha c= &A Awhen Here 4s a vacuum belween He phir @ Capacitor having the Chorge +Q on its plates ith chatge Faenaity 40-9 tren = : = [e- ves Ea] [oS = SA Now consider. a cliclechic is Insertes| batueon the plates which fully occupying the Interrering region. tteegle teen gir T Bideet sie _, HEHE g ne ' v yy & % wee [oo me The jclisectic. is polanises! by the: fiold with suaface Chorge densities op ond -op at “the sinface of the diskette. S the net surface change density on the plates is t@-or)- So the, ‘fined etechic field jnaicle the clidectie da - E> goep z and the potenticd cliffeuna bebween tre plates |s- = Ed = 2-Tryd VEE e For Linear cbieleetics , we expect op to be Proportional dp E,, le. to o- Thus Co-op) a proportional 4p o and we can write- c- op ao K> dielechic Constant T-op = and K>L K So vy. cd = @d © Tek AeK So the Capacitance C with lielectic between the pledes ‘ia — Q Kee A = @e = Cry ad d AGck = KeeA Or c= a Hae kK =£ 3s Cotte the cliclectic Constant of the substance.” So Hat C= KC BL When clielectic js inhoduced, the field behoeen the plates of the Capacitor clecredies by ks Dos, to tohich V decreases by a factor of K+ implies that the Capacitance incYease” by K- Bdiclectic constant of a vmuclium Lb clipined ad the vedio of the Capacitente of Hye Capacitor with the cliclectyic as Hue meslium “do dts capacitance. with vacuum belween ts plates. = KorgCapacitance ef a Parallel plate Capacitor With a dielectric Slab —- The Capacitmta. of a parallel plate Capacity af Bide, atia A! ond piste Tepakatton dl woth veaun ov ~ Ge 2 A d ese FQ art the chatges on the Capatiter” plates ow Produce a unitorm elechic field E. in the ae behwesh the plates. When a alielectric Slob of thicknens td da inbodueid behven Hie plodes, the moltcules In the diab get Polarized in the clivection of Es. Thuapore the effective field lnslole the dicleshic Js ica & oudsiole. the cliclechle piel remalws €, only, Thamsbove, Potential clijference between the two plates Cad Vz € (d-t)+ Et = = E. Ve Eo(d-t)+ at ve [ i As Ee a . ve Be, [a-t+] c+ Capacitante of; the Capacitor with cliateehte Inbehween Wa eas Q e + oe al le Eo e >| BLOF] Herne € >C, * Hence ™m buhoducing a@ clielechic slab inbeheon the pletes of A Capacitor ibs capacitance increased. Casel, When @ number of dielectric slabs ave insertect behween the plate - A LUC d= Uy stat.) + @ + +) CeCombination of Capacitor Ci) Capacitors in Series Three Capacitors ef Capacities Cy, 02 oo Ca are conncetes! Hen seus b ve potential otrersnce applied aeross the Combination: a ¢ ae f +a} “fa , sal? + I S| V5 “Wo + —v In series Combination each Capacitor vecaives the same Charge of @. As Hire Capacities ore cliffront, So the “potential diffeenus across the theee Capacitors ome beets ye BB, we ey ay ca Th Cs da the total Capacitance of Combination than As total potential drop v across the Combinedtion is the sum of potentials cops v\,V2 amd va So- Vie WV V3 Led three Sppaciters ca 2 an Ca are Connected} in paratlel and “Vv be rential clilgerenice across Fre coenbimedt on» a = So the Changes on the Capecifors toil! be QaaVv, A@r= Gv end Qs= Cav So the total charge on the Capacitors - Q= A+ @r+@s het Cp be the equivalent capacitane im paredtel thon CeV = Gv tatty Cp = G +0, +Cs When 1 Capacitors axe Connectes! in panel then -Energy Stored in Capacitor Common Potential The & ‘Stored In a Capacitor Ls the same ; ' a as the work done 40 build up the Charge on the CD when tur capacitors charges! ie plates by external source Chatiery). of Voltage. cb clijjererdt potentials ane Conne: Pa ie Let the fwo plates of the Capacisor are initi in parsdiel with their positive pl ee unchanged: Now the Charge Js qransperredl to ene ea CEN are eae aera “Ms plate Stn ve amall indtalment=. of de ame equod pairs a wd pie a . opposite ch inclucs On the other plate. > ea tow for ae eae + at lobe. potential - ie +2 . . The flow of Charge Continus vet TTre Lill thei Prats become e140). The equal potential of the wo Capacitors 4s Calld ly | + Common potential. —— Common felerfial = Teta! change 2 Merfal Total Copacity At any inteameoliate sheges 6 change Be cone ‘plate! da and on orien pie isa v= OM + vs Potential clipjerene: berwean the plates - & Stee Small amound of work clone, in giving an additiona) eS) then het tech Co ciiecs (cae (Connect liner teas change ewe wD Cape ere puifve plate of; one capacitor te the nagative plate of cle = Ende othe. capacitor) “then Teted work done im giving A chorge GQ to the Capacitor. Gy ee 248 + = Common fotevtia] = Total chorge = =A mon Poterfia] = —Tetal charge i i ave [=], bl “Total Capacity “> A sy 72 v= 2M = Ova tty +Generator potential clifjerencr of the ovder of fer milliowy volts. Such Uhigh poterhal alilienances ane usec to accelerate Chaageo! particles LRP electrons , ions ett. needéol for various experiments pluysica - Principle :- S se Wwe have & shell op relia Ron which wi rotors, Nucleer Spherical Conducting Paea choage ee Poterdia} inside cenaluctng sphenical Shell = Constorch = 2 Vee Now Let we inhoduc & small sphere of dius > i Some chenge. at indo the kage one, and place ot at the certhe, Now the potential due 40. Small sphere. of vodius y Carrying Charge FT can be given on- ob swface of smal Sphoe = a & i: a 1 a+ large shell of radius Ro = 7 Taking beth chenges % cmd @, indo account we. have tdtal potenti ed te two shuls and the potential clitternce af- very) = ot (S+%) ~ 4ne& VR Rk vo) = oe (at) vin- ve = ake (e- x) Assume mow thod © is positive . Therm independent ara of Charge, Q on the larger spare ovo en if at Oca politve ; tne inner phone wa os at a higher potential os the clifferenca Vir)- V(RD iL positive This means thot of we now Connect the Smaller and larger eprre by a Yooive , the eZ On the small Spiel coil fous. on to the. “sphere, een thea the charge 6 may. be quite loage, because tendancy} for "politive Change wh to move fon highen 40 lower potential Thus \b we are Somehows able to intenduce the Small charged” sphere into the larger one we Can Keep Fang no omel longer emdunt of charge on the This 2a the principle of Van dle Graaff generabr. B When electric polntial on the splint produus techie fielel equal dp clalednie shength oh ak er ‘then, polenta! Ltakage takes place with the tonisation air. % So no more foterdial dittemmcee Can be increased. The potential con be ivcreattd by enclosing the sphere, Tm highly evacuated chamber. Van cle Graaff generadorConstuction and Worki Mmeteu! Polley Brush igre et Sriven dhenge Frsuloding 7 Metal Brush delivering, change from Source’ Tn van De Graaff Genrodor a Jorge spherical Condlucting mater voolius ”) is\ supported) Cra hugh SevokelD Deine” aoe “the rend Bien ‘ fig, column « ' eee endless bolt of inawlecting malern| Bike rebber or Silk, da esouncl araune “two pulley one at qrourd level omal ‘ene. oct the cendre of the shal agiila bel sis Kapt Gondinuotaly moving by s motor driven pulley. Tt Condinunusly Carries péaitive charge. sprayed on do Jd by @ brush. ot ground level, to the tops Thine St tromsfers cde positive charge tp another Coralucting bruh Connected) to the loage Shall. The posite ist transherreol fo the Shall, Whe ut Spread mly on the ouler surface. Woy Voltage ctitjerrias of cus much as STARE Qu. What 1b the work done by a pel of nucleus in a complete. circular orbit of the elecron ? what ib He orbit Js eliptica) 7 @2 Guess a possible reason why water has a much greater dielectric Constant (= 80) than say mica (=6). GB. Why. db electrostatic potential constant throught the. volume of the conductor ancl has Hae same value (as inside) on its surface 7 . Qu. Express clielectric constant in terms of Capacitance + @s. A hollow metal sphare of radius Sem is Charged such that the potential on ds smface is lov. What id the potuntial ot the cewhe of the spore 7 Gb. Ametatlic spherical shill has an inner roolius 2 and outer radius Ra. A change @ Gt plaieel at the Cente of the Aphurical Cavity. what will be surface choage. cluasity on the inner Surface and the ower surface? Also show +ne electric field for this Configursdion. G7 Consiota. tu Conducting sphows of radii R; anal Ry with Ri Ra» Th the fio ane at the same, Potential . State whether the charge clinsity of the smaller spheve in more or Lu than that of the Langer one. Pos. 2/0, = Rey Q.8. Two point changes q ancl -39 ane placsl fixed on x-axis Separated by ‘cistence ‘el’ where should a third change 24 be placed such that if will be in equilibrium? Ans ez LOH8) fom8.3 Tord uniformly change Paral) thin plades having chage clunsikies +0 and -© axe Kapt im the x-Z Plane at a dlistance 'd' apart. skatch an equipotental surface duc to electric field behwean the plates. Th a particle of mass m and change '-9' remains Stationary between the platess What US KE magnituole and direction of this fiell ? lo. A small metal aphor Carrying change +8, is Located at the centre ef a cavity In a dange uncharged metal sphor as shoan in fig. Use Q Gaws's theorem to find electric a field ot points Prand PL. Ars B= KG 5 E=0 QuMl A sphurical conducting shell of inner radius Yi and outer tadius 2 has @ change ‘Q’. A charge ‘¢ is placed at the centre ob the shell. (4) Cakulate surface charge duntity on the (i) Inner surface Gi) Outer surface of the shell. (&) Waite expression for the elechic field at a ‘point > % from the Cerne of the shell Aris (A) DO = Ga, Gi) or = B88 (b> E = Kies) G2. A thin straight infinitely dong conducting wire having Charge oluuity A ls enclosed by o cylindrical surface of radius ¥ and Lungth Ly ats axis coinciding usith the length of the wire. Find the expression for the electric flux Fhrough the surface of the cylinder. prs be gh 1 AN the Best i