Chemical Reaction and Equation revious Years’ CBSE Board Questions 1.1 Chemical Equations 1 | MEm in Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide See cea aemee represents the above reaction i (a) Nag 24,0» 2N2OHyg # 2Hayy | (0) 2Najg+ 2H, p+ 2NAOH + Hayy (2Nag)+2Hj0p > NaOH yo * Hayy | (8) 2Nag)+H,0q > 2NaOH 9 + 2Hay, (erm 2021-22) (Hi) Itis important to balance the chemical equations to | ‘satisfy the law of conservation of mass. Which of the | following statements ofthe law is incorrect? HE (1 marty 6 What isa balanced chemical equation ? (20210 ‘Translate the following statement into a balanced ‘chemical equation : “Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to {ive aluminium chloride and barium sulphate” (2019) MEM ert) | Give the chemical name of the reactants as well as the products ofthe following chemical equation: HINO + CalOH};—> CalNO3)2+H,0 (2021 0) | EYE emis (3) The total mass of the elements present in | 9, Explain the significance of photosynthesis Write the the reactants is equal to the total mass of the ‘elements present in the products. | (b) The number of atoms of each element remains the same, before and after achemical reaction, (€)The chemical composition of the reactants is (4) Mass can neither be created nor can it be | In which of the following, the identity of initial | substance remains unchanged? (a) Curdling of rik balanced chemical equation involved in the process. (Board Term |,2017)(U) 10. Write balanced chemical equations for the following ‘chemical reactions : (a) Hydrogen + Chlorine -» Hydrogen chloride (NCERT intext) (b) Lead + Copper chloride > Lead chloride + Copper (6) Zinc axide + Carbon + Zine + Carbon monoxide (Board Term 1, 2014) (b) Formation of crystals by process of erystalisation | 1.2. Types of Chemical Reactions {Fermentation of grapes (4) Digestion of food (2020) ‘entity and'2’ in the following reaction : 2KC1O 42-9 2KCly + Ory (a) x= gas:y = reaction condition: 2 gas | {b) x= solid; y= liquid; = gas | {0 x= number of moles of KCIO,; y = reaction | ‘condition: 2 = number of molecules of oxygen (6) x= physical state of KCIO, and KCI:y = reaction | condition,2~= physicalstate tO, (2020) | ‘Assertion (A) : Following is a balanced chemical | equation for the action of steam on iron: | Be + 4H,0 —> Fe30,+ 4H, | Reason (R): The law of conservation of mass holds | 00d fora chemical equation. | | (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and reason (R) is the ‘correct explanation of the assertion (A). {b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion (A) (©) (distrue, but (R)sfalse. | (a) (Adis false, but (R) is true. (2020) | Mm 11. When aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and lead nitrate are mixed, an insoluble substance separates out The chemical equation for the reaction involved is (a) Ki+ PbNOy—+PbI+KNO3 (®) 2KI+ Pb(NO,), —» Pbl, + 2KNO, (0 KI+ PbINO,),—» Pbl+ KNO, (@) KI+PbNOs;—+PbI,+KNO, —_(2023)(T) ‘A metal ribbon "burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flame forming a white ash "Y: The correct description of, ¥ and the type of reaction is (a) X=Ca¥=Ca0; Type of reaction = Decomposition (0) X=Mg:¥=MgO; Type of reaction = Combination (0. X=ALY=ALO3: ‘Type of reaction = Thermal decomposition (@) X=2n:¥=Zn0; ‘Type of reaction = Endothermic (2023) Seamed wth camscannet19, The balanced chemical equation showing reaction | 19. 14, 45, 17, 18, between quick ime and waters (a) 2C00+H,0—> 2C20H +H, + Heat (0) C20+H,0—> CalOH, +H + Heat {€) C20 +H,0 —>Ca{OH), + Heat {(d) 2Ca0+3H,0 —>2Ca(OH), +0, + Heat (2023) ‘Study the following chemical reaction: 2Najy+ 2H,09 —>: + Hat ‘The reducing agent in this reaction is (a) Na (0) HO (€) NaOH (6) H, (2023) ‘Assertion (A); In the following reaction Zn0+C—>Zn+CO ZnO undergoes reduction Reason (R): Carbon is a reducing agent that reduces ‘ZnO to Zn. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason () are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the ‘Assertion (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true. but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the ‘Assertion (A) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is False. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true. (2023) (i) Assertion (A) : Reaction of quick lime with water is an exothermic reaction. Reason (R): Quicklime reacts vigorously with water ‘releasing a large amount of heat. (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason () are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the ‘Assertion (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the ‘Assertion (A) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is False. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true. (2023) A student took sodium suiphate solution in a test tube and added barium chloride solution to it. He observed that an insoluble substance has formed. ‘The colour and molecular formula of the insoluble substance is (a) grey, Ba,SO, (2 white, 8350, o ) ‘a o) r) a () yellow, BafSO,), ‘(d) pink, BasO, (erm, 2021-22) (Ki) CotsOaay * Or + 66039 * 6HOy ‘The above reactions a/an (a). displacement reaction (0) endothermic reaction (2) exothermic reaction (@) neutralisation reaction. (Term! 2021-22)(U) a. 23. Which of the following statement about the reaction sven below are correct? MnO, + 4HCI-» MnCl, +2H,0 + Cl, (Hts oxidized tC (i). MnO, isreduced to MnCl. (ii) Ma acts as an oxidizing agent. (iv) HClacts as an oxidizing agent. (a) Gi), Gil) and (iv) b) (0, Gi anc (iit) 2 Gand (idonty (8) Gil and tv) onty (Term t, 2021-22) Which one ofthe following reactions is catogorised 2 thermal decomposition reaction? () 21,09 2H * Or) (©) 2ABBry > 288g + Bray () 2AgChy)—> 2AB4a + Clay (€) CaCOmy» CaO y + COy Term , 2021-228) Assertion (A) : Burning of natural gas is an endothermic process. Reason (R) : Methane gas combines with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct ‘explanation of (A. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). (2 Wistrue, but R)istalse. (d) Wiis false, but (R) is true. (Term 1, 2021-22) Consider the following processes |. Dilution of sulphuric acid I, Sublimation of dry ice {NL Condensation of water vapours IV. Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water The endothermic processes) is/are (a) and tt (0) only (@) Monty (4) Mandy (erm |, 2021-22)| ft) When lea nitrate powder is heated in boiling tube, we observe {@) brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide (0) brown fumes of ead oxide (©) yellow fumes of nitrogen dioxide (@) brown fumes of nitric oxide. (Term , 2021-22)(8') Assertion (A): Silver salts are used in black and white photography. Reason (R): Siver salts do not decompose in the presence of ight (a) Both (A) and () are true and (R) is the correct ‘explanation of A). (®) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation ofA). (2 Wiistrue, but fists. (@) Wiistalse, but Ris true. (Term!, 2021-22) Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime, C204 + HO —> COM ay Seamed wth camscannetThis reaction can be classified as (A) combination reaction (8) exothermic reaction (© endothermic reaction (0) oxidation reaction. ‘Which of the following is a correct option? (a) Ayand (C) (b) (C)and(D) (2 W),(C)and (0) (d)._ (Aan (B) (20209(0") 26. When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through bive solution of copper sulphate, a black precipitate (of copper sulphide is obtained and the sulphuric acid ‘0 formed remains in the solution. The reaction is an ‘example of a (2) combination reaction (0) displacement reaction (@) decomposition reaction (@) double displacement reaction. (2020) In a double displacement reaction such as the reaction between sodium sulphate solution and barium chloride solution : (A) exchange of atoms takes place (8) exchange of ions takes place (C) aprecipitate is produced (0) aninsoluble salts produced ‘The correct option is (a) (@)and(0) (a only(a) Orig, SH cya Hct ‘The above reaction is an example of (a) displacement reaction (0) addition reaction (2. sabttton reaction (@ doulecspacementreacion, (20200 BEM mn 29, Name the type of chemical reaction which takes place when quicklime is added to water (2021 O)(8) MEM omar) 20, What is observed after about 1 hour of adding the strips of copper and aluminium separately to ferrous sulphate solution filed in two beakers? ‘Name the reaction if any change in colour is naticed ‘Aso, write chemical equation forthe reaction. (2019) A student wants to study a decomposition reaction by taking ferrous sulphate crystals. Write two precautions he must observe while performing the experiment. (2019) Classify the following reactions into different types: (AgNOslaa) + NaClKaa)—> AgCls) + NaNOslaq) (i) Ca0%s} + H,01) —> CalOH) (oa) (i). 2KC106)~2-> 2KCHaa) +306) (iv) 20+ CuSO, —9 2050, + Cu 2. tb) and() (a) (B),(C)and (0) (2020)(Ki) cy (2019) 53. A student mixes sodium sulphate powder in barium chloride powder. ‘What change would the student observe on mixing Shut he folloving equation of aches reaction feces 2H Identify the type of reaction. (i) Writes balanced chamia qution of nother ‘ale of tasty of eatin, (Board Term |, 2015) ‘State the type of chemical reactions, represented by the following equations : (a) A+ BC-AC+B ) AtBoC Parks ors+ng (8) 430,428-»8,0, +24 (Board Temi, 2014) i} St 36.) While electrolysing water before passing the current some drops of an acid are added. Why? Name the gases liberated at cathode and anode. Write the relationship between the volume of gas collected at anode and the volume of gas collected at cathode. i) What is observed when ssiver chloride is exposed to sunlight? Give the type of reaction inwohed. (2023) (ka) Define a double displacement reaction. Wirite the chemical equation of a double displacement reaction” which is also. a {) Neutratisation reaction and (i) Precipitation reaction. Give jstifeation for your answer. (2023) Menton with reaton the colour changes observed when: (0) silver chloride is exposed to sunlight. (i) copper powder is strongly heated in the Dresence of oxygen. (iil) a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate ‘solution. (2020) A shining metal’M, on burning gives a dazzling white flame and changes to a white powder 'N. (a) Identity’M'and'N: (0) Represent the above reaction in the form of 2 balanced chemical equation. (@) Does “MF undergo oxidation or reduction in this reaction? Justify, (2020) 40, Inthe electrolysis of water (a) Name the gases liberated at anode and cathode. (0) Why is it that the volume of gas collected on lone electrode is two times that on the other electrode? (6) What would happen if dil. H,S0, is not added towater? (2020) Seamed wth camscanneta 47, 1 of copper powder was taken in a China dish and | 48. heated. What change takes place on heating? When _ hydrogen gas is passed over this heated substance, 2 visible change is seen in it, Give the chemical ‘equations of reactions, the name and the colour of the products formed in each case (2020) ‘A compound ‘A’ is used in the manufacture of ‘cement. When dissolved in water, it evolves a large amount of heat and forms compound 8. (0 Identity A and & (il) Weite chemical equation for the reaction of A with water. (i) List two types of reaction in which ths reaction ‘may be classified. (2020) ‘dent the typeof each ofthe following reactions. Also write balanced chemical equation for each reaction (A reaction in which the reaction mixture becomes worm. (i) A reaction in which an insoluble substance is formed. (2020) Lead ritrate solution is added to a test tube containing potassiumiodde soliton (a) Write the name and colour of the compound precipitated. (b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction Involved. (€) Name the type of this reaction justifying your answer (2020)(ij) 2.0 ser chlorides taken in a China dish and the China dish is placed in sunlight for sometime. What will be your observation inthis case? Write the Chemical reaction involved in the form of a balanced chemical equation. Identify the type of chemical reaction (ai 2019) Identity the type of reactions taking place in each of the folowing cases and write the balanced chemical equation forthe reactions. (a) Zine reacts with slver nitrate to produce zine nitrate and sve. (b) Potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate to produce potassium nitrate and leadiodide (Dein 2019) 9) When potassium iodide solution is added to 2 soktion of lead (i) nitrate in a test tube, 2 precipitate is formed. (a) What is the colour of this precipitate ? Name the compound precipitated. (0) Write the Balanced chemical equation for this reaction, (© Ust two types of reactions in which this reaction canbe paced. (2019) 49. sa. 53. 2g ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube. (a) List any two observations. {(b) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place (Write balanced chemical equation for the ‘reaction and name the products formed. (412019, Board Term |, 2017, 2016) ‘You might have noted that when copper powder Is heated in a China dish, the reddish brown surface ‘of copper powder becomes coated with a black | ‘Why has tis black substance formed? ‘What isthe black substance? ‘Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place. How can the black coating on the surface be turned reddish brown? (412019) Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or electricity for breaking down the reactants. Write one equation each for {decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the formot heat, light and electricity. (2018)(U) Take 3 g of barium hydroxide in a test tube, now ‘add about 2 # of ammonium chloride and mix the Contents with the help ofa glass rod. Now touch the test tube from outside. {0 Whatdo you fee ontouching the test tube? {id State the inference about the type of reaction ‘occurred (i) Write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved. (Board Term 2017) ‘A solution of potassium chloride when mixed ‘with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble white substance is formed. Write the chemical ‘reaction involved and also mention the type of thechemicalreaction. —__(NCERT Exemplar) Ferrous sulphate when heated, decomposes with the evolution of a gas having a characteristic odour of burning sulphur. Write the chemical reaction involved and identity the type of reaction. (Board Term 1,2016) (C2) [Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the folowing equation () Ca0+H,0-+Ca(OH), (i) SBaCl, + Al{S0,)-» 2AIC}, +3850, (iid) 250, Fe,0, +50, +505 (Board Term, 2016) (it) \Winat sa reduction reaction? Identity the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions. (2) Fes0y* 281+ A103 + 2Fe (©) 2Pb0+C-+2Pb+CO, Co) (Board Term 2015) Seamed wth camscannetes 55. (@) Can a aplacement reaction be a redox | 57. What happens when food materi containing fats ‘reaction? Explain with the help of an example. (b) Write the type of chemical reaction in the following : (Reaction between an acid and a base (i) Rusting of iron. 1.3 Have You Observed the Effects of Oxidation Reactions in Everyday Life? Mm 56. Copper utensils slowly lose their shiny brown 1 surface and gain a green coat on prolonged exposure to atmospheric at. This is due to the formation of a coating of (a) copper sulphate (0) copper carbonate (0 cupricoxide (4) cuprous oxide. (20200) 59. (Board Term 1, 2017) | - and oils are left for a long time? List two observable changes and suggest three ways by which this ‘phenomenon can be prevented. (2020)(0)) (2) Inthe following reaction: MnO, + 4HC|—> MnCl, +2H,0 + Cl, Identify the oxidant and reductant. (©) Give reasons: (Antioxidants are added to foods containing fats. andols. White silver chloride turns grey in sunight. (20190 Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction? (CERT) Write chemical name and the formula of the brown gas produced during thermal decomposition of lead nitrate. Why do chips manufactures flush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen? (Board Term|, 2015) 0 ) iy \\ CBSE Sample Questions / 1.1 Chemical Equations a Which of the following correctly represents @ balanced chemical equation ? (a) Fey + 440g ~> Fea + 4H (0) 3Feig# SHO > FeOyy * Hayy 1) 3Feg+ Hyg > FeyOayy + Hayy (6) 3Feyy+ 4H;0y > Fes0yy * Hayy (Ferm |, 2021-22)(0) | ‘Why is it important to balance a skeletal chemical ‘equation? (a) Toverify aw of conservation of energy. {b) Toverify the law of constant proportion. {q)_Toverify the law of conservation of mass. (6) Toverify the law of conservation of momentum, (ferm|, 2021-22)(0) | 1.2 Types of Chemical Reactions Wm 3, Inthe redox reaction MnO, + 4HCI—> MaCl, + 2H,0 + Cl, (a) MnO, is reduced to MnCl, & HCtis oxidized to 4,0 la | (0) MnO, is reduced to MnCl, & HCI is oxidized to ch (0) MnO, is oxidized to MnCl, & HC! is reduced to a, (4) MnO is oxidized to MnCl, & HCI is reduced to 0 (2022-23) Which of the following isthe correct observation of the reaction shown in the above set up? (a) wo Brown powder of Magnesium oxide i formed. Colourless gas which turns lime water millcy is. evolved. Magnesium ribbon burns with beiliant white Nght. Reddish brown gas with a smell of burning ‘Sulphur has evolved. (2022-23) @ a Seamed wth camscannet‘Assertion (A): Silver bromide decomposition is used inblack and white photography. Reason (R) : Light provides energy for this ‘exothermic reaction, (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct felonstionof A (0) Both and are tre and Ris a he comet txlnaionot A (© Aistrue but Ris false. (6) AbtabebutRiive 2022-2398) Reema took 5 ml of lead nitrate solution in a beaker ‘and added approximately 4 ml of potassium iodide solution tit. What would she observe? (a) The solution turned red. (0) Yellow precipitate was formed. (2 White precipitate was formed. (4) The reaction mixture became hot. (erm, 2023-22) nthe reaction of iron with copper sulphate solution CuSO, + Fe-+Cu+ FeSO, Which option in the given table correctly represents the substance axidised and the reducing agent etet The chemical reaction between copper and oxygen canbe categorized as (a) displacement reaction (0) decomposition reaction (combination reaction (@) double displacement reaction (Term 2021-22) ested LUmestone Het» x+c0, sho Step? Suindime ‘Identity the correct option from the given table which represents the type of reactions occurring in step 1 and step? Breet 10. Assertion (A) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an endothermic reaction. Reason (R) : Decomposition reaction involves ‘breakdown of asinglereactant into simpler products, (@) Both A and R are true and R is the correct. explanation of A Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A (0 Aistruebut Ristalse, (d) Aistalse but Ris true. (erm i, 2021-22) ‘Assertion (A): After white washing the walls, a shiny White finish on walls is obtained after two to three days. Reason (R) : Calcium oxide reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium hydrogen carbonate which ives shiny white finish. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is correct ‘explanation of the assertion. Both A and R are true, but Ris not the correct ‘explanation ofthe assertion. (@ Aistrue, but Risfalse. () Aistalse, but Ris true. (2020-21) MMe) 12, Ust any two observations when ferrous sulphate is heated in adry test tube. (2020-21) | 13. Identity the products formed when 1 mL of di || tdrochlorie acid is added to 1g of sodium metal. | (2020-21) SO | uo @+*©—-@©-+® »@+@-®@: Identify the types of reaction mentioned above i) and (i). Give one example for each type in the form of abalanced chemical equation. (2022-23)(fi) (a) Which of the following reactions is/are an endothermic reaction(s) where decomposition also happens? Respiration + Heating of ead nitrate + Decomposition of organic matter + Electrohysis of acidified water () Silver chloride when kept in the open turns ‘rey. lustrate this with a balanced chemical (2020-21) (i) CO) Seamed wth camscannetv 1. (b):The balanced equation is 2Nayy + 2H0i)—» 2NAOH jg * Hayy '> Usethe lawof conservation of mass. 2. (c) Abalanced equation follows law of conservation of mass that means the total mass of reactants is equal to the total mass of products but the chemical composition of reactants does nat remain same before and ater the reaction. 3. (b) Formation of crystals is a physical change while others are chemical change. 4: 2KCIOyy HD 2KChy + 30) 5. (a)Abslanced chemical equation must obey the law of conservation of mass. 4 The equation which contains an equal number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow is Called a balanced chemical equation. 2 3BaCl, + Al,{SO,), —> 2AICI, + 38280, 8 Reactants:- Nitric acid, calcium hydroxide (staked lime) Products Caleium nitrate, water 9 Photosynthesis means synthesis with the help of light. It is the process that gives life to ail living beings. Photosynthesis is a process by which plants utilize carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight to produce slucose and oxygen. 6€0, + 12H,0 SAM 5 c4H4,,0, + 60, + 64,0 ‘Chiloroptngt =e 10. (a) Hayy + Chug—> 2HChy (0) Pug + CuClayg—> PCy Cy (2) 210 y+ Cyy—F 249 + COy 1, (0): PHONO 3) ja + 2Klhag —> Pb yy + 2KNO sj) Yalow pt 12, (b) Magnesium metal, Mg (X) burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flame forming a white ash, MgO(Y). 2Mg + 0—-+ 2MgO ‘This isa type of combination reaction. 12. (c}:Quick lime reacts vigorously with water to produce calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) and release a large amount of heat (exothermic reaction) H0jg —>CalOH) jug + heat oat ‘(Staked lime) . Oridation | 14 a 2Na+2H,0 —>2N20H +H, _— Reduction Here, Na is oxidised to NaOH and H,0 is reduced to H». (Na acts a8 a reducing agent and HO acts as an oxidising agent. 15. (a):The reaction in which oxygen! is /added or Inydrogen is removed or loss of electrons takes place is ‘called an oxidation reaction. Inthe reaction, Reduction | v 200 +C —>Zn+CO acne Onaion (0. Carbonis getting oxidised to carbon monoxide. (Zine oxide is getting reduced to zine. Carbon’ a reducing agent that reduces ZnO to Zn, 16, (al:Reaction of quick lime (CaO) with water is an | exothermic reaction because CaO reacts vigorously with water releasing alarge amount of heat. | CaO ig +H,0y—> CHO + Heat 417. (@):The reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chioride is an example of double displacement reaction or precipitation reaction in which white ppt of £BaSO, is obtained. Na,SO, + BaCl,—» 2NaCl + BasOyL (wie oot) 18. (c:In the process of respiration, glucose combines with oxygen in cells of our body and provides eneray. ‘Thus. respiration isan exothermic process. CeHs0 gag + 6035) —? SCO ay + BH; Oy + Enerey | Redcat ——, 19. (@):MnO, + 4HCI—+ MnCl, + 2H,0 + Cl os ‘Ord ‘As hydrogen s removed from HCI to give Cl HClis being ‘oxidised whereas oxygen is removed from MnO, to give ‘Moly, hence MnO; is reduced. Here MnO, acts a8 an ‘oxidising agent and HCI acts as a reducing agent. "> Ananidising agents the substance which gets reduced itself and oxidises other substance whereas areducing. agent isthe substance which gets oxidised itself and reduces the other substance. | 20, (Gh: 2H,0q EEE, 2H + On (Electrolytic decomposition reaction) 2AeChy SAEs 2Agy + Clay (Photo-decomposition) Seamed wth camscannet2AaBryy SA heyy + Bray (Photo-decompesition) CaCOgg 4 C204 + COzyy (Thermal decomposition) 21. (d):Burning of natural gas is an exothermic process. CHa * 20349 —> CO zug * 2H, 0g + Heat 22. 4) During sublimation of dry ice, heat is absorbed, 6, itis an endothermic process. Dissolution of NH,CI in water is also an endothermic process. 23. (a): When lead nitrate is heated in a boiling tube, brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are found to evolve and a yellow residue of lead oxide fs left behind in the test tube |D_ Always be cautious while writing the formulae of ionic ‘compounds. 24, (c:Siver sate are used in black and white photography and they decompose in presence of sunlight. 2ARChy 2B DA + Clay 25. (d:The reaction between CaO and HO to form Ca(OH), is an exothermic and combination reaction. "2 Combination reactions are generally exothermic whereas decomposition reactions are generally ‘endothermic. 26, (d);CuSOg + HyS—+ CuS + H,50, {tis a double displacement reaction a inthis reaction CuSO, and H,S are reacting by exchange of Cu and H {ons to form two new compounds ie, Cu and H,SO, 27. (In this reaction, exchange of Na* and Ba” ions takes place forming BaSO, which is a white precipitate ie, an insoluble salt 'Na,SO, + BaClh—» BaSO,! + 2NaCI 26, (c):ttisa type of substitution reaction. 29. The reaction between CaO and HO to form Ca(OH); isan exothermic and combination reaction. 30. Copper is less reactive than Fe, hence copper cannot ‘replace iron from ferrous sulphate solution, ono colour change is observed. ‘Aluminium is more reactive than Fe, hence displace iron {rom ferrous sulphate solution. 2Al + 3FeSO,—» 3Fe + Al(SO,), Green Colourless Green colour of solution due to FeSO, changes to colourless. This is an example of single displacement reaction. 31. (Test tube should be dried property. (il) Hold the test tube ina test tube holder. | 82. (0 AgNO,loa) + NaCas) —> AgC) + NaNOsloq) | Double displacement or neutralisation reaction G) CaO{s) + H,00) — > CalOH) loa) Combination reaction | Gil) 2KCIO4fs) —*-> 2KCIKoa) + 30,49) Decomposition reaction (i) 2n+ CuSO, —> 2050, + Cu | Displacement reaction. 33. When student mines Na,SO, powder in BaCl, powder, no changes will observed. | Student need to prepare aqueous solution of N2,SO, and BaCl, separately in two different test tubes and then on mixing these two solutions, double displacement, (precipitation) reaction takes place. NaSOgug + B2Cljgy —? BASOyyt + 2NAChay (Barkan hat) ‘white pth 34 () Combination reaction, (i) Another example of combination reaction is Nag * Chaya Cy Saat Oke ence 3S. (a) Displacement reaction. (b) Combination reaction. | (© Double displacement reaction. {i Dptenit ranchers reomereatin 36. 1) Wie lectrolog water before posing the | seven sete drops of ox al Sv sd boven a dissociates into ions completely and during electrolysis: |S caee ba aes oe eee one Oe | solution to become more conducting. This allows the current to pass through the solution easily. In electrolysis of water (acidified), the gases that are | evolved at anode and cathode are oxygen and hydrogen ‘respectively. Hydrogen ions gain electrons from cathode and form hydrogen gas, oxygen ions give electrons to | seneel Wemeepen.tinimeewianmatoe | caters tows 2p —t2Hay * iberilie shee Send etn atin canitn | concluded that the volume of hydrogen (obtained at cathode) is twice the volume of oxygen (obtained at aa |G) When sitver chloride is exposed to sunlight, white | silver chloride turns grey. This is due to the decomposition of silver chloride into silver and chlorine by the light. | Sant ey + Clayy its decompo acon 30 Th chamial cancil a trate pathol ubapayearyesiyeiplenceiveg orgy inte phere aacen (0) () When an aqueous solution of an acid reacts with 2 base (alkali) by exchanging their ions/radicals to form Sok ed water me te dy rotten whe takes place is called neutralisation reaction. Seamed wth camscannetHsSO uaa 2NSOH ay —? NaS * 24400 Spr Sdn se (0. When "he squaeus cancion fb. bale ‘compounds react by exchanging their ions/radicals, to form two or more new compounds such that one of the products formed is an insoluble salt, and hence forms precipitate, the double displacement reaction is said to bbe precipitation reaction. When lead nitrate solution is mixed with potassium iodide solution, a yellow precipitate is formed. This reaction is a precipitation reaction and can be expressed asfollows: PDINO):tug * 2Kligg —P Pblyyd + 2KNOsu eadritrate potassium —_Leadiodde Potassium sostion “ode,” Geo opt) nt (clears) souton shiten teoures) 28. Day > 208 Clg ve Coe AgCl decomposes on absorbing light energy. i) 2Cu + 0, —> 2Cu0 edn ‘Bid brown) ‘Copper metal undergoes oxidation. (ii) 2 +CuSO,—> ZnSO, + Cu Colours Zn displaces Cu from CuSO, solution. Colour changes fromblue to colourless. 39. (a) "Mis Mgand’N is MgO AEths —? 2M (oni powder) {€)_ 'M undergoes oxidation inthis reaction because Mg {in oxygen to form MgO. 40. (2) Atanode: Oxygen gasis liberated ‘At cathode: Hydrogen gas is liberated. {(b) Inthe test tube covering the cathode, the amount of 128 collected is double than that of the gas collected in the test tube covering the anode due to stochiometry, 2H;0—+2H,+0, {€)_ Addition of afew drops of sulphuric acid make water ‘a good conductor of electricity. 41. When copper powder is heated in a China dish, the reddish brown surface of copper powder becomes coated witha black substance whichis copper oxide. 2Cuyy + Oxyy—+ 2CUO yy Cooper once {Black When hydrogen gas is passed over CuO, the black Coating on the surface turned reddish brown due to the formation of Cu CuO y+ Hay—> Cigy + HO Ren brown | 42. (Ais calcium oxide, CaO which is used in the | manufacturing of cement. Bis calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH),- (Cay + 1509 —+ Ca/OK) w is 7 (ii) The given reaction is a combination reaction. Example :NHay + HChy—> NH Chy 2NOy + Onyy—? 2NOayy \@ @ Exothermic reactions are those reactions in which heat energy is evolved. This makes the reaction mixture warm. For example : combustion reactions are exothermic reactions. Hag + 20243 —+ CO + 2H20y + heat | (Precipitation reactions are those reactions in which precipitate is formed. For example Na:5O jn + BClaja—> BASO yy + 2NAC hag, 44. (a) When lead nitrate is added to potassium iodide then yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed along with potassium nitrate. (0). Balanced chemical reaction i as follows + 2Klg —> Polayg + PRINOa)aaq * 2K}ag tna’ 2KNO seq) ()_ This type of reaction is called precipitation reaction in which one of the products formed is an insoluble | suibstance or this is also called double displacement reaction. 45. When silver chloride is exposed to sunlight, it decomposes to form Ag and Cl; gas. The balanced | chemical equation is written as: 2ABChy —+ 2084 + Clay) (wate! Grey This is an example of photodecomposition reaction. ‘> While balancing 2 chemical equation, the number ‘of atoms of each element on both the sides of the || equation should be made equal. 46. (a) tis adisplacement reaction. Zn+ 2ARNOy > ZHINO;)s+ 2A Z2ne’ Sherer Tacreske oe When eadntrate is aded to potassium odie then | yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed along with potassium nitrate. POIND 3) + 2Klgg — Polayy | + 2KNO a9) (etow pot) This type of reaction is called precipitation reaction. 47, (a) Pbl, is precipitated and the colour of this precipitate is yellow, | (6) 2k1+ PHONO), —> 2KNO,+ PbizL (yelow pot) | (€ 0) Doubte displacement reaction | Gil Precipitation reaction Seamed wth camscannet48. (a) Ferrous sulphate crystals (FeS0,7H,0) {ose water when heated and the colour of the crystals changes. It then decomposes to ferric oxide (Fe,03) ‘sulpbur dioxide (SO,) and sulphur trioxide (S03) with a “smell of burning sulphur. {)Thisis a thermal decomposition reaction. (0 2FeS0yy—>Fe,0yy + Sy + S0a4) Ferrous aiphate Feros Spr Sight onde towide '> Ferrousionis Fe and ferricionisFe™. 49. (a) The black substance is formed because copper ‘combines with oxygen. (b) The black substance is copper oxide (CuO). 1) uy + Oy —+ 2CWy ecSS own) rel (d) The black coating on the surface can be turned reddish brown by passing hydrogen gas over the hot ‘copper oxide. CuD,y+Hayy—> Cody +H, — Hagy i 120%) 50. Decompostionreactioninvolving absorptiontheat: 2nCOmy 29 Z00y + COxy Tc carbonate Zinc onde Carton onde Decomposition reaction involving absorption of light 2H:0.q HE» 21,09 + Ory yoga pride Water” Onyeen Decompesition reaction involving absorption of electrical cenerey ecticcrent 2ALOyy SMS Baty + 30g Anse ‘Arica Oxyeon 51. (0 When barium hydroxide is added into ‘ammonium chloride, the bottom of tet tube is found to be cooler. (i) Itisan endothermic reaction. Endothermic reactions involve the formation of chemical bonds through the absorption of heat from the surroundings, thereby creating a cooling effect. (i) 8x(OH), + 2NHC|—> Bact, + 2NH,OH 52 (@) AGNOgpg + KClag—> ABChy + KNOgay ‘Sher’ Peuscn Shar” Potomt sive "Ghrde’ cherie "hate (white, insole) Iisa double displacement reaction. {b) Ferrous sulphate crystals (FeS0,7H,0) lose water | ‘when heated and the colour of the crystals changes. It then decomposes to ferric oxide (Fe,0,) sulphur dioxide {50,) and sulphur trioxide (SO,) witha smell of burning sulphur. | Thisis a thermal decomposition reaction. | Hest | 2FeSOqy > Fe,0xy + Oy + SOny | Ferrous Ferric Sulphur Sulphur b slpnate onde donde trode 53. () Combination reaction. (i) Precipitation reaction or double displacement | reaction. (ii) Thermal decomposition reaction. 54. Those reactions in which addition of hydrogen to ‘a substance oF removal of axygen from a substance take place are called reduction reactions, | Oridstion os (a) Fe:03+2A1 —>Al,09+ 2Fe i te Reduction | Fe20, is getting reduced to Fe and Al is getting oxidised toALO; nidation (8 200+€ —y2r0+20, | PbO is reduced to Pb and C is oxidised to CO, | > Gainof Ocorloss of H:Onidation Loss of © or gain of H: Reduction Ovidation | 7 | 55. (@) z90#C —>zn+Co | Here, carbon is oxidised to CO and ZnO is reduced to Zn. ‘Thus, the above reaction is a displacement reaction as well as redox reaction. | (0) @) Neutralisation reaction (i) Oxidation reaction, | 56. (0): 2Cyy +COay + Ory + HyOp—> | ee mete CuCO,CuOH), Basic coppercartanate ‘weet 57. Food materials containing fats and oils change | their taste and smell due to a process called rancidity Ranciity isa process in which air reacts with fats and ols ‘hich changes the smell and taste of food. | Methods of prevention : Vacuum packing refrigeration of food materials, placing of food materials away from irec sunlight. | Oridation 58. f) MnO, +4HCi —> Moc + 24,0, ; NALD y | Oxidant:Mno, "=" Reductant : HCL Seamed wth camscannet(©) (9 Slow oxidation of oils and fats present in food ‘materials resulting in compounds with unpleasant smelt {sknown as rancidity. [Antioxidants are added to foods containing fas and ols to>prevent the oxidation of fats and ols and thus increase the shelf if of food. (i) 2AgChy —>2A8 + Cl, vwnite rey It undergoes photochemical decomposition reaction. ‘Silver chloride turns grey in sunlight to form silver metal, 59. () The glucose produced in our body during digestion combines with oxygen in the cells of our body land provides energy. The special name of this reaction ‘s respiration. Thus respiration is an exothermic process because energy is produced during this process. CeHsz ga + 604) —> 8COny + 5H, Oy + Energy Gi) 2PBINO3), ME > 2PHO,y + 4NOw + Oxy ead Lead Nitrogen Oxygen somos ‘dite {Brown fumes) Brown gas evolved is nitrogen dioxide (NO,). (iil) Chips manutacturers usually flush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen because atmospheric oxygen ‘an react with chips which may cause change in colour, change in taste. So to cut the contact between air and the chips, nitrogen gas is used which prevents the chips from getting oxidised. 1. (Dh: 3Feyg + 4H,0y—>FejOqg + 4Hay (0.80) 2__(c):The chemical equation in which the number of atoms of each element on both the sides are equal is Called the balanced chemical equation. ‘chemical equation shouldbe balanced because the total ‘mass of elements present in the product of a chemical reaction has to be equal to the total mass of elements present in the reactants, Le, the law of conservation of ‘mass must hold good for the reaction. (0.80) 3. (O}/MnO, isreduced to MnCl, asthe oxidation state of Mn reduces from +4 to +2 while HClis oxidized to Cl, 25 the oxidation state of Clchanges from ~1 100. (1) 4 (e):Magnesium ribbon burns with briliant white fight. ch 5. (6): 2AEBriy E> 2A + Bray This reactions used in back and white photography. This 's an endothermic reaction as it requires enersy in the form of ight. a & Yew precitat formed + 2Ki-— Phi, + 2K! PND.) 2K» Plt + 2KNO, trate (0.80) 7. al: Here Fe's oxidized and acts asa reducing agent. (020) © ():Combination reaction. 2Cu+0, #2000 (0.80) % (@):CaCO,-H*#> CaO + CO,; Endothermic reaction CaO + H,0 + C{OH), + Heat; Exothermic reaction (0.80) 10. (@):Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost isan exothermic reaction, (0.80) 11, [@): Assertion is true, but reason is false. CalOH) jag + COnyy > CACO gy) + H20p Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide in air to {orm calcium carbonate which gives shiny white finish. (1) Heat 12. 2FeS0, > FeOyy + Oxy + SOxy Feros Fericoride Sulphur Sulphur ‘sulphate (Reddish — lorde tion (Green) ‘brown) —(Smattot buming sulphur) (Green coloured ferrous sulphate decomposes to ‘reddish brown ferric oxide (i) Colourtess gas with choking smell isevolved. (1) 19. 2Na_ + DHCL —+ 2NaCl + Hayy Sedum Hydrochloric Sodium yoropen etl acd ore ‘Sodium chloride and hydrogen gas are formed. a 14. (i) Displacement Reaction Feig+ CuSO guy» FeSO uu + Cy 244 CUSO gag > Z0SO yay + Ci Pog +CUClayg > POC + Cy (15) (Any one of the reaction or other displacement reaction) (i) Double displacement Reaction + BaClajag -» B8SO yy + 2NOClag (Any one ofthe reaction or other double displacement reaction) (15) 15. (@) Heating of lead nitrate and electrolysis of 2cidified water involves decomposition process and these are endothermic reactions as heat is absorbed in these reactions 2PLINO,); M9 200 + ANOiy + Ong ead ead” Nitrogen Onygen morose one {Brom tunes) 2H 28S > Hayy + Oxy @ (0) 2AaChy > 24 + Clay « (Gren Silver chloride turns grey in sunlight to form silver metal. ritrate Seamed wth camscannet