Function of lymphatic system _ Returns proteins from tissue spaces to blood that has been lost from microcirculation. _ Absorption of nutrients especially fats from gut. _ Act as transport mechanism to remove RBCs lost into tissues as a result of haemorrhage. . Supplies nutrients & oxygen to those part where blood cannot reach.2 o Tis: Composition of e fluid whet cholestero! becomes milky & Is then cal these fat lobules r , it enter lympns m e so numer chy Cellular contents lymphocytes ade t passes through lymph nodes. ‘lymph as itLymph flow + Lymph enters jymphatic cap! aries under the osmotic pressure of tissue fluid + The flow of lymph Is contr forces. 4. Contraction of smooth muscl lymph vessels Contraction of skeletal muscles. Movement of different body parts Arterial pulsations Compression of tissues by objects outside the body. ce intrathoracic pressure & action of respiratory lied largely by the outside les in the walls of large oak efLymph vessels * The lymphatic system constitutes an accessory route for the removal of interstitial fluid. Small lymph vessels : lymph capillaries. Large lymph vessels: lymphatic trunks. Largest lymphatic vessel thoracic duct,Lymphatic trunks + Largest lymph v from relatively larg 4. Lumbar trunk 2. Intestinal trunk. 3. Intercostal trunk. 4. Bronchomediastinal trunk. 9. Subclavian trunk. 6. Jugular trunk.g ducts Collectin + Lymphatic trunks join to form two collecting ducts: 4. Thoracic duct 9. Right lymphatic ductFeatures Largest lymphatic vessel Extent: from upper part of the abdomen to the lower part of the neck 45 cm long Beaded appearance because of the presence off many valves in its lumenructures that are also 45 cm long Other st + spinal cord + Vas Deferens + Femur + foetus at full termCourse + Begins in the abdomen at the lower border of T12 as a continuation of cisterna chyl + Enters post mediastinum through aortic opening of Diaphragm(T 12) * AtT5 shifts to left and runs In sup mediastinum + At C7(root of neck),arches laterally then downwards Ends at angle formed between left internal jugular vein and left subclavian veinCourse of Thoracic Duct = f } $i |Important ss Openings in the Diaphragm + 78- Inferior vena cava Right phrenic nerve lymphatics of liver * 710- Oesophagus Right & left vagal nerves Left gastric vessels * 712- Aorta Thoracic duct Azygous veinAt the aortic opening of the diaphragm Anteriorly:diaphragm Posteriorly: vertebral column To the right:Azygos vein To the left :AortaAnteriorly: 4.)Diaphragm 2.) Oesophagus 3.) Right pleural recess Posteriorly: 1)vertebral column 2) right posterior intercostal arteries 3.) terminal parts of the hemiazygos veins To the right:Azygos vein To the left:Descending thoracic aorta+ Anteriorly: + 1.)Arch of aorta 2.) the origin of the left subclavian artery Posteriorly: vertebral column To the right: oesophagus To the left: pleuraIn the neck The thoracic duct forms an about 3 to 4 cm above the clavicle. The arch has follo Anteriorly 1.left common carotid a 2.left vagus 3.left internal jugular vein Posteriorly: 1 vertebral artery and vein 2.sympathetic trunk 3. Thyrocervical trunk and its branches 4 left phrenic nerve S.medial border of the scalenus anterior 6.prevertebral fascia covering all the structures mentioned 7 the first part of the left subclavian arteryTributaries mph from, roughly, both hragm and left half The thoracic Duct receives Lyr halves of the body below the diap' above the diaphragm In the thorax, thoracic duct receives lymph vessels from the posterior mediastinal nodes and from small intercostal nodes. At the root of the neck, efferent vessels of the nodes in the neck form the left jugular trunk, and those form nodes in the axilla form the left subclavian trunk. These trunks end in the thoracic duct The left bronco mediastinal trunk drains lymph the let é ft half of the thorax and ends in the thoracic duct.* On the right side there is right lymphatic duct into which right broncho-mediastinal, right jugular and right subclavian lymph trunks drain. * The right lymphatic trunk ends in the right brachiocephalic vein at the junction of right subclavian and right internal jugular veinsArea of Drainage + Drains lymph from whole of the body except + Rt side of head and neck + Rt upper limb + Rt lung and thoracic wall Rt side of heart and rt surface of LiverApplied Anatomy due to mature filarial Obstruction of thoracic duct parasites,lymph vessels get burst:chylothorax,chyloper oneum Thoracic duct is very thin walled and colourless so more prone for injury during surgery in posterior mediastinum Virchow’s lymph nodes (left supraclavicular lymph nodes) take their supply from lymph vessels In the abdominal cavity & are therefore sentinel lymph nodes of cancer in the abdomen, particularly gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, testicular cancer & kidney cancer. They are also known as signal nodes