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 Daily (continuous) Monthly Quarterly Annual
Goal ₹ 40,000,000 ₹ 40,000,000 ₹ 40,000,000 ₹ 40,000,000 ₹ 40,000,000
Return 12.50% 0.03% 1.04% 3.13% 12.50%
Time 35 12,775.00 420.00 140.00 35.00

Periodic Payments (PMT) ₹ 174.77 ₹ 5,435.09 ₹ 17,054.57 ₹ 82,362.08

Total Investments ₹ 2,232,702 ₹ 2,282,737 ₹ 2,387,639 ₹ 2,882,673

Inflation 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0%

PV of Retirement Corpus ₹ 10,136,619

Future Value (FV) ₹ 40,000,000 ₹ 40,000,000 ₹ 40,000,000 ₹ 40,000,000

=FV(D3,D4,-D6,0)
=PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type]) This function calculates the periodic payments in an annuity.

=PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type]) This function calculates the present value of an annuity, once w

=FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type]) This function calculates the future value of an annuity, once we

=NPER(rate, pmt, pv, [fv], [type]) This function calculates the number of payments in an annuity.

=RATE(nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type],[guess]) This function calculates the interest rate earned in the annuity.
iodic payments in an annuity.

sent value of an annuity, once we have the periodic payments.

ure value of an annuity, once we have the periodic payments.

mber of payments in an annuity.

erest rate earned in the annuity. Guess is your guess for what the rate will.
Let’s say that an investment pays you $100 per month for the next 10 years.
If this annuity is actually paying 8% interest, how much principal do you have to pay for this.

Interest Rate 8.00% per annum

Time 10.00 years
Periodic Payment $ 100 per month

Type Input: Payment Status

0 or omitted If payments are due at the end of the period =====> Ordinary Annuity
1 If payments are due at the beginning of the period =====> Annuity Due

Investment - Ordinary Annuity $ (8,242.15) =PV(C5/12,C6*12,C7,0,0)

Investment - Annuity Due $ (8,297.10) =PV(C5/12,C6*12,C7,0,1)
Let’s say an individual require $100,000 after five years for daughter’s marriage.
The individual can earn a rate of 9% on the investments.
How much money should she save and invest every month, so that at the end of 5 years it becomes $100,000.

Interest Rate 9.00% per annum

Time 5.00 years
Future Value $ 100,000.00

Investment - End of the month $ 1,325.84 =-PMT(C6/12,C7*12,0,C8,0)

Investment - Beginning of the month $ 1,315.97 =-PMT(C6/12,C7*12,0,C8,1)
ecomes $100,000.
You have invested $1000 in a bank where your amount gets compounded daily at 5% annual interest.
Then what is the future value of the amount you have invested for 10 years?

Principal Amount or PV $ 1,000.00

Rate 5.0% per annum
Time 10.00 years
Future Value $ 1,648.66

PMT $ - zero as no regular payments

PV $ 1,000.00
RATE 0.014% =5%/365
NPER 3,650 =10*365
FV $ 1,648.66 =FV(C12,C13,C10,-C11)
nnual interest.
Rule of 72
: It is used for the simple rate of interest.

Doubling Period = 72 / Interest Rate per Annum

Alternatively,

Interest Rate = 72 / Time

Note: The denominator is not expressed in percentage.

Source: https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/rule-of-72-formula/
Rule of 69: It is used when the interest rate is given is continuous compounding.

The Rule of 69 states that when a quantity grows at a constant annual rate, it will roughly double in size after approximatel
The Rule of 69 is derived from the mathematical constant e (EXPONENT), which is the base of the natural logarithm.
The natural logarithm of 2 is approximately 0.693, and thus, the value 69 is used as an approximation.

Doubling Period = 69 / Interest Rate per Annum

Ex:
Interest Rate per Annum 10.00
Doubling Period 6.90

Note: The denominator is not expressed in percentage.

Source: https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/rule-of-69/
ouble in size after approximately 69 divided by the growth rate.
of the natural logarithm.
Rule of 70: doubling time, refers to the total time required to double the quantity or value (we have taken money). It
simply means that if all other factors remain constant, then in how much time it will take to double our money or
investments or profit.

Doubling Time = 70 / % of Growth Rate

Ex:
% growth rate 33.33
Doubling Time 2.10 years

Note: The denominator is not expressed in percentage.

 (we have taken money). It
to double our money or
Inflation Adjusted Interest Rate
Also called real interest rate or Real Rate of
Return (RRR)
Nominal 7.00%
Exact Equation: Inflation 4.00%

RRR = (1 + nominal interest rate) -1 2.88%

(1 + inflation rate)

Approximate equation is:

Nominal = Real + Inflation 3.00%

GDP
Interest Rate
Exchange Rate

Nominal GDP 12.2%

Inflation 5.0%
Real GDP 7.2%

Nominal Interest Rate 7.00%

Inflation 4.00%
Real Interest Rate 3.00%

NEER Nominal Effective Exchange Rate

REER Real Effective Exchange Rate
RATE - Compouned Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
RRI - CAGR
Future Value 20,950
Rate at which investment should be made: Present Value 6,168
Future Value 800,000 FV number of years 10
Amount per month 5,000 PMT
Time 7 NPER CAGR = (FV / PV) (1/n) - 1
Monthly Rate 1.42% CAGR = 13.0% =(J4/J5)^(1/J6)-1
Check - Monthly Payment 5,000
RRI = 13.0% =RRI(J6,J5,J4)
RATE = 13.0% =RATE(J6,,-J5,J4)
 20,950
=J5*(1+I12)^J6
Amount to be invested per month:
Future Value 500,000
Rate 10.0%
Time 10.00 years
Per month investment 2,441 =PMT(E4/12,E5*12,0,-E3)
Check - Future Value 500,000 =FV(E4/12,E5*12,-E6)

Rate at which investment should be made:

Future Value 800,000
Amount per month 5,000
Time 7 years
Monthly Rate 1.42% =RATE(E12*12,-E11,0,E10)
Check - Monthly Payment 5,000 =PMT(E13,E12*12,0,-E10)

Time for which investment should be made

Future Value 400,000 FV
Amount per month 8,000 PMT
Rate 10.0% RATE
Time - months 41.97 =NPER(E19/12,-E18,0,E17,0)
Check - Future Value 400,000 =FV(E19/12,E20,-E18,0)

Nominal to Effective Interest Rate

Nominal Interest Rate 8.00% 8.00% 8.00% 8.00%

Compounding periods per year 1.00 2.00 4.00 12.00
Effective Interest Rate 8.00% 8.16% 8.24% 8.30%
=EFFECT(E25,E26)
Check - Mathematics 8.00% 8.16% 8.24% 8.30%
(1+r/n) - 1
n

Nominal Interest Rate 8.00% 8.00% 8.00% 8.00%

=NOMINAL(E27,E26)
Effective to Nominal Interest Rate

Effective Interest Rate 10.00%

Compounding periods per year 10.00
Nominal Interest Rate 9.58% =NOMINAL(E35,E36)

Loan Amortization Functions

- PMT - to calculate EMI
- PPMT - to calculate principal component of EMI
- IPMT - to calculate interest component of EMI
=PMT(E4/12,E5*12,0,-E3)
=FV(E4/12,E5*12,-E6)

=RATE(E12*12,-E11,0,E10)
=PMT(E13,E12*12,0,-E10)

=NPER(E19/12,-E18,0,E17,0)
=FV(E19/12,E20,-E18,0)

=NOMINAL(E35,E36)