STRESS IN ENOLISH AND POLISH — AN INTRODUCTION 104 ‘OONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS "The nim of this payer eto provide a geneeal theoreti! fasnewore fran ‘exhourtive contrat aul of eves pater in ng wed Polish. Cn quently, the ossble jedagogiee impliestions of the soalsic in question, ‘wl en aore than signaled, which des ot mest thatthe more wenn fproech i dsrgarted on priiple, The spparent diegie are fom the ‘brious fet that peutic saltsons vam oly be subsequent to 2 ace Songurhon of scenic desrptions uf the lmguges studio, or of selected freer oftheir src, i this ni of a apt of apis anit Posh nun ‘rast. "Ro take thi kind of eomprivon posible it ik esontial that. the general rurmowork shoul be enor, that aol omit of precisa Foelatd Irincilen and procsten which will sold nal oducts yurallel stil ‘eset (of the lmgagesoonidtzed) comparable in th sense that they {vil be steed in toma of the eae or comparable categoria, Fntutes, and set of elas. Tera that the onion of “aiformity” is most aoquaely and cone sistentiy met by the teanareational generate (RG) teary As. has fora fontrestve sty "TG grammar ie ford superior to alternative mates of Tenguage deseipion for two main reasons {i} a the mont anulitions attempt at slevrloping = general “theory of rural lagu sae” (Chom nnd Halle 1898), 6 sok to povide Tnguaseiniepententpriniples of crgunizaticn of «grammar an to des ‘erin pets of univer shunts (cats, etegorion, Heat), (8) ann Krsalizd theory of sugges deserpton, based on un alpha ofal ‘1 Onge oumbiguously invrprted symbols and motatiol deviers, it sttves to formulate statements which are ait only prerine and explicit Int which, tough citant veritation atl modifstion, my econ the simple pn inkertinsaHsi ft Gngtly igo ge The desertion of a particukr language based um he rina given shove i¢ eatetially © Gemalizal grammar constusted on the bess of a Inventory of formal and eubitaztive tniensls, provided by tne general ‘theory. In this way, although the grammars of xy. Rogloh oa Pols Ha from this inventory in diferent, lmguago pede wave, they” at, thats to "gotont notational conventions, smparable in 0 far awit is pnale fo eate (intemal, st this point) that a give cement (clas eatin, rule) of Bogle fen nat oc lacer net) function i (ot) (evant) (sara) with given lement in Path and vine went Mons, owing the gral yin oft suite strctse it may be pom to wate wheter the seen (ep {eke nga) sent X in goal Pls and ®t Xan enti popecty elle oer a ag ‘ri arsental or dor tothe conon, though emt, ore. Ser wae ek ay oie ob extrene npr he retin of chin ‘nthe other haa, conten aap pr deitians pir to ie may bring tg keto neve "ever ees ey nay tuaiy aa even tralia some af the propel ofthe gual tery ‘Tie tings noth dimension tnt a conte sty fe dows tat ers sme puting try no prvi tt saat ale ta the tear ‘This ayect af entesite euler wl wt be ewldered the aly The above tatemmts gp thatthe TO apron the mon ale asso ner ange trie Tt hs, nde fd weal testive males tare elem on Maron 18nd V7). Hs {o'ie wen wheter in eqully well equipped form vmutine says Phonclgal pecan ‘Pa arg peta no ves tl cont om he po lia des propo hy Choma and Hate (1868), though It has ee iumced by the whe eke Std, Aga thie wine back {gona many lnk n ho runing ay appr weg Pein sel gg ntrune le ihpedhomere that cain eing “avo” may bath i wth eaiy of exponen mal revel he ington af some Wn servedly oseured tors anata tnt oh SN - ‘The major penile underlying the discussion is that of extablishing a enoral Gonna (i rns of rales, symbol etl) within whieh “to eaitoury of any ngage ry he wralyod. On the ether had, some atonunte vil refer directly to Hugi nd Polish in crx to determine, ‘ron if map and tentatively, whether the pracaes governing ven eaten te to languages may be compared cali very goncel way fr whether they are convergent alo a points of deta “Let on consider ptr 6 congruent term seed ler Monson, 1958: 38) sentences, oe in Bagh 11). dob knows this howe, ‘nn Palio (2) dan enw en dom. Suppose we me the ayntacticcompacint of TG gear (of Bnaish and Poi respectively) to generate ntact desriptinns of (1) and (2) with spntacle Srsice eeuetires which arg labelled bracketing of stings of tematives lowtation after Chomsky aed Halle 168) (2) fan's Eras knowy ofl pli (yhouseleele G) CUsaielanilee Ceeesiatly at Gplstemly faomlslelele "The lena ad granaticalformativs, hee presented in ablresiooryortho- sphie notation, are ia fat complexes of ryt, semante and pono Tegha! fontuney povided by the lesan of the grammar. Phonolgialy, or Girlie ira ateing usages, whieh conte lexical repreense ion”, usher, each sopment tf a complex of phoneti features tales from universal st, Sino xia! representation of «piven farmatlvo ‘ysis oy its inherent (laryncratic) pronologca yeoperties, only show ‘Shoaton of ie grunts are provided whieh are not determinable by plow Toga! role, Thora lexcl representation is relly an abstract farm n= ‘Skin of incompletely speed atch” negments, The rales of the phono- Tegal component unvers uch uaderlying fermeinto fale specie phonetio mprowntatione “dieetives” fie Mel phanetieintertaton of formative soul Tanger utterance Tn onder to enter the phonologieal comprnent whose rule asign ideal ‘honetie reputations 4 (9) aad (4), the latter st fbr orreted by ‘rt vadjurttent roles itn “phonological ropreensations” — euch mo cations of sptacti murtace structure at aze "appropiate for the rus of honaogioa interpretation” (Chomsky tnd Halle 1968; 9). And wo certain feedjutaunt rake will convert the greomatial frwative of, inteodeod 1s rtactie ules, nto phonolginl element ltinaely giving [sve in {G) atl (gray in 4), Other, we ean anus thet the lee repesent ‘ons of () ad (4) ane iota! with thet repestive poualogie! represents ‘onsLet ua now make the following asurition (Prom the st of photo ft ivenalysvatlable for detaining ‘tho posiblo phonetic opraenttions of ateranoos of aay human Inga Doth English and Polch tira ony segmental nneyrosbeSotare. Tie arcudance with this suasmption the phonelogeal components of the enmare of English and Poh wil uimintey convert (8) atid (4) ite (8) deomnawtishawe (@) Jananatendom! ive, there will be simple temporal auossion of segaente ound By altion st beth ends for no other rceson than that nothing precedee and nothing {allows it. Now in writing, “the senndary medium of Inuage”, rope tins lke "Sohnkuowsthishouso™ and “Jetanatendon™ are pb’ there ‘re no serious phyvinl contints on yping (or even handwriting) whole Pages in this ion, thoog, of course, their inteliiity would be impeded ‘nd ambiguities woul undoubtedly once, eg of the siete in is oF falenbours (English: aniconen, vehement, rendjutie,Polsh: eytraymas, ‘dei, Bowe), ab sentenos boundaries, ce. Bat, to perspire Chowk tnd Talc (108810), spokes, like writs do ran ont of beth; there ae ‘rtain universal contests on tho way a sentence ea be actered cr joined With ether eoutancs is any Tanguage. Ferbane (6) and (6) could, tale 40 ther shortnwe, be utter in one breath (hough maely not without somne sirens al plch haraetevstin, ht sy longer stl of eeech weep, ‘The question no aes whether thea pees ste ony featanes of panrtance, Sen whether they occur whenever @-pertieelar speaker happens to ran ont of Tweath, "This & wesinly not faue, Booms ane nuienal houetis fosters, determined by language dependent physiological tors, but their dation ‘and dstibution are datertined bythe honlogial al yatactirseacbre ot Derteular Languages though of sommse, “panen of performance” my cit ‘amos "pews of eompetense"). At thie pont the important questions are Ihow ace pauses realized in Bags and Polish and whether the two wages sre comparable "passes" "The most metieulous saeaion pombe een to insert pon in (6) (8) on the following way (2) dooms fw) (9) ifojanatenidomy) C7" — 2 shorter pause, “/P? — 0 linger yonse, bine snd aftr 0) and (6) ‘when pronounced in Iarge pices of discomso%, “longer” and "aharter” are Imprstionsie, wate term, not baal, pysirally constant one) * teaaspion for Hh Jagan Pa that of Jone 19 sua, Res amtne enegnel pea nin es sires in Bogish ad Polak at Ti appears thatthe eongeuaoe of the watenoor extends to pause dlvcon Aly, there fea slrity in the substance acd use of the euprasegmental Jesnedie charsctriicg of (7) und (8), which, though denied any existence in Assomption T, empsialy vette its value. Uterances cannot do without inode fenturos sng nore than tn they eas do without panes. In fet ther axe aloe restionahip betwen theo phaaomont, the natare of whieh ‘lle investigated (ater syerfilly) below, In an ose oral purpeaes ‘Revwapon Ts wsanable; pethapa () and (8) ould bo produced hy speech “guheszes at i dosed whether a longer stretch of much “talk” Wook be anderson, et us put forward onother saumtion: (QL) Apact Srom segmental futures, oth ngs and Polish make use of ‘pounce and jeonai features sevociated with spllalee of thee utterances: ‘power acura slable boundaries end prosodic Tesurve use silane the tit over which they mction “Assumption IL pars t9 be comect, a least (7 and (8). The emp cally clashed pass (oti pechupe, but pormisbo) oscar beteen igoups of segment which in English and Polish are termed syllables ‘ince she probe ofthe eyUuble en contralto tie study. Jet ws montion ‘nly briely thon facts camevming he syllable, which aze wlevant #0 the ‘aly of pis and prosodic features {a) phonetially, the divkion of utterances into aplabes bs Iangwoge- indeetent, detirnined hy the wxpratry provesre involved in spoeh “jwoluetion, The ream of ie to be modulated by the speech cngans is ex Fated fom the lng or inde in mom language) hry. very of sherbjules (Abercrombie 100517; Hodkett 105864). Bach chest julse ‘omelstes with a phonetic rllable which cost of peak (yowel or sonora ‘which mauers the sestpuloe ate and a0 ix an bulspauable part of a Fable) ad of eptinal conmonantal aarpes. There are t= many phone ‘yllables in mutoronce aa shore ar yllable pak (aul. Phonetic ylabee the emule ute cf rporch that can be tered elation Le betveen ena |p" poss (eo Note 2) (b) phonology, aylabe division and atruture are langoage-apecie Pach languoge Jute spec courte (which sage be nceunted fori ie sraninae) on the number of angmenis ad cx the way Yey are combined to {oem slabs ofthat language(s. what agents or groupe of greats cn coneitte peaks and 3) "The sylate-vsion of () aud (8) bs bal on the native speakers know Jedgeat the conarante eon in (Thor tho ylabledn tse joes tens ace plonolagicl slabs of Bagish und Palish repectively1s a. Orgs Thong the egnentsconatitting (7) wd (8) ar different che numberof pause and eyllables bx the nnn: hole hye Se ial He alae tinued sth (conde). based on the fochronows oecurns of aye pea o (0) (0) and (0) are aot, howerre, absolutly aoquate representation: they do not account for the fut shat the lad eable of (7) al the Bet of (8) are ‘ose stsongl erred, moro prominent tan all the others, this postin Ting die to greter energy of articulation (gercived ax grote lous) snl to piteh moveoint of dient nstiec ad divction from that of the retin epllbles. (7) and (8) ebould then. bo inteprotd as follows a) PRA 09) eine 1 the grammatical desriptions of English and Pais wore bated on (cllabized interpretations of} metences ike (1) and (2), tho, phonological ‘Simpoont ofthe grammars wold be vey ancomplentd deed, ‘The undo Aging lena! (phonological) representations (8) aud {4} ould fer only i= iguiGoutly Ee phonstie oprenntatons, readjustment rule woul cub State (gle Braet by j} paues, erage all bole breteting within the Sentencs ad climinate he atix A rule of phonology would inert / patio ‘topline bowsdaris,aither vals would sug the feature “nuclear (een) ‘ews tothe vorel of the lat sllbls ta Bagh an tothe it in Poli ‘Sires would then be a redundans phonetic fata sasiary (together with ih) uo the pate determining miter bow, “Thoogh suc a ghanologcal sompineut might, perhaps, be adequate fo ‘the Taran Tanguage (of Jones 1962: 136), it woul een correct phone represetatins anly to an extremely finited numer of Engl id Puls Sontenoe-typas (ileen gute umaturalls, at that) As ib ana, neither Jn English nor in Polish are the ste ptcl- and pauses rues ivecty determined hy the syllable oount ax woukt sppear fm (L) a (2) ‘hough every element to whieh they apply rst const of integers of Hl- Jnbls. Assumption IT wil therefore, hae toe modified Ts may be ern from th gretng paragrop thot the fextues “ause “sees” td “fle” see no aiagned to wttoranoen independently of 0 nother. Sine, however, stress the feature upem which the attention of this stay i to be foemes, the other te will ot henefarth be conser vo lige but rather insofar a they are indispensable fr ebeidatng pobloms Involving sos. ‘Tho the next asuption to lar wade will diet wfer to ses oly (AIT Bath in Bngish and in Pole the dogres of stern asngno to parc lar syllable ofan attenanee ie termined by He stare struct of hab ‘an Bro nd Pil 10 ‘Though intuitively fl to be correct, Assumytlon TI, in te pres form lution, is too general to provide « deeper insight into the nature of ice ia the two languages or into nora prinetpia pertaining to in the xpaniation ‘of the phonologies!companent. Our media tsk wil then be refiing th ‘asm ta my aay eee «gang Poe rte Tn the seulyss of (1) and (2) only two dees of ene were mantoned: ‘the “stronger” stows asociated with sgeeifo pitch movement tnd the “weak” stress asad sndicriinstaly to the other ellos of the tle ‘ces. That was only posable owing to nurice wrueturer which alowed spllaiiaton, Actually, the sees eantouy of artmunces ia both languages ane highly difrentined, though tho diflntistion jx neither fapharard noe ietly detcmined by physalgienl oe physial futons Both in Bogish and Polish foe to five digress of stan are enily pereived(Chorieky end Hallo oes 110, Dla 1957 10 i i proposed in Assumption TEL that stoh ‘heervatins rts (impurely thovgh adeately enough) tho diferente: tions imposed by the syntactic organization of utterances end lonca tenes ‘appearing in them (a wll a somo ether, hitherto nepeidecd,Tactore) “stent assigiment ia govemed by the snfaaeeiaciur of eivrance, ‘it sums reason to expos that Ue compleity of ere owas incre ‘with the compesty of the suafooo steuotute of particle utterances Let ‘hen begin with tho snp, monic lterancen, ue a Bgl Stop ‘or Tes and Polish Stor Tat Hove, both fr Hnglsh sind fee Polish veto. ‘anes, no mattot what tee stracturl deseo, she fllowing rule invalid: "Tn umorylabee, the vowel receives primary strom” (Chomaky ad ue 196816), ‘As thoww Je bo ote syllable which could bear & “non-prinary" stro, ‘the we of the mate “rimary” doesnot seem juied. However, the only nos of monotylahes is romparsble tothe paimary rinse of poiyeyliabie tutterances ius foe a8 both arm atocisted with a epeeic pital auremeat, Assn as vno-sylalouteeanee ate sonldered, the rule of he placerat ‘of primary and weaker strseos must depend on the inoreten proved by the murtice struct rpeetentations of such wllraeos, st bel eacmpl ed ‘by euntrastve pst Ike the fanone Higa Black bind (NP) vw bland (8) (ot Polish nab (PP) vs i ‘account for this lepencence (and for some other phonoogial yroesis) ee a a ih ut en aa a nd sea os ee aia ea ‘eto atoms130 aie CChonuky ond Halle propose the general principle of a “trausformational {uke in phonology, steading t0 whieh some rules of the phological com- Ganon fntably the ste asgatiest role) aro teafocational ral “that Pepty ot eselcal maser, begining with the smallest conatisuents of the Teefce stewchure and. proceding spatomatially to larger and large con. ‘Eivanss” (1968! 168). ‘The las ln each eel tases the inert oid rackets: the maximal domain ofthe cyelieal rle application isa “phonon Sogiea plac” (ose 181 holow). Te estan tree maigament rules «re Ieeuageapesfe” only the principio ofthe tranformationsl eyes i arumed {er bee inguitie miveral. Chomaky a Malle have managed to explain 2 ‘aity of probleme avaling cas nthe basis ofthis pine’; attements ‘Sal ecamplo of Dita (1057 108 and 194741)" soe to confi that the ‘Gress contours of Polish oro lao bax on this principle, Thus Asnimption Tit may be made mire pocien by the addition of the reservation that the trv csigrnent rules of gl and of Patith, determined by dhe surface ‘eactares of utterances in these Ingages, aro roles of the trasfretioal ‘pce, wy defined by Chomaky and Halle 3968, There secs to bo mouth uti ‘Sbtion to weeptng Aasumplion IIT thus modited asthe bass for a deta ‘eeerition of vom contour In Tnghsh and Polish, which does not mean that ‘Stet the Chomsky Halls prneiples ast be sevshly followed (expecially os ‘hey ener to wey simple sonsruction f “hesumption I requis or mone ydileation: amt be bated explicitly ‘what Kind of “auiuo etractur Het determines the sitet contouns of Tateraioon Tits agred thot ses placement rules belong to she phono “al omponent ther # ean only be the phoma surace steuctre (according ‘auntus us uidon p15) Thusitisraperative tet readjustment ae (pat fom other eiations "prewar the ayatacticstructe for the operation flee placement rules, ‘hese redjatnt ut ennnot be omitted from the etaloddeverpaons"to be ade brauae its assumed thet they oper ‘Mo on airign generted by syntrs, wbich for both English snd Polish aro ‘uty in ters of th ae eel al ranjreatagorion, then thee langue Specie “snterfronee eri! fr understanding how ase why difecence ad ‘Eiseunt fats for Lens ae, Bgl and Polish share some of thelr ealjunment role oncering sro placoment, Po ample, pear, even ‘rom a supertilatalsi, vt the denorcation of uttranecs ito phono iu puto, ny wer a a dines at ie conte of Bagh word etek to otenly rir onpeteie,ft be ole COREE pine tet opesetins a rman ae ee nition SRINSua aretenf he pntn othe ternational ee wie See eral any aang puters af ve cote wh raion secu tat te srs ctf Hg teas eb har ae pre ‘Zrningy ster to fat of Chor and Pt 08 1. ‘al plats Is on the whole identical in both Chae languages, Le. «mp ‘enteuce- phonolgial pina, compound acxtenca are divided int phrases Inthe same way (og. beore conjuction, i resent), appsiional rentences or ‘Phroee wceve the eume testent, te? Both in Rog andi Polish the [honolgieal phrase i a ‘unt of tonaton, Ley it cowtnins oxo tove-bensing {4s Cefn pute. 188 D6 ale, which at the sare time its primary ‘reed syle hiss kesping ith what au Doe ad abou the pie “uractorsin of imary eter), Hone our examples (1) and (3) ao phene- lol phew of Hg wn Ph pei, cach ig Se yack) ses (03) 2342 (14) 1528 — primary stewed sya 1 — secondary-tmewed syle, te) “Th pot of prtney eres diferent in English a in Pols; alo, choy form diferent pastors withthe weaker stave Sach differen are mot only ‘he sont of che fat tat the two lagonges haw ellerent cya! rae of ‘eee pavement in phonology, but alo ofthe specie analyse which rudjast front rales provide fr thai rtrsaoes, ka ards to tndertend Un mportan ‘inetion of radjuntinent roles n modding the nyntcte surtcesteuctae fo Dpurpucrs if ver aeigrent wit phoncogill phase, i I necesary to Insroduor certain types “boundaries”, which re connected ina character ‘mater with “pauses” dicinad elie. Tt hae been said that apart Som ng Iuents the photetc rprorneations of wteraves im Englich and Pofsh mu ‘intain patie, Te bus proved inadequate for met utterance nthe mo lan (gues to nacre the pases at sllable bomdarie (ef Axsumytion TD. Tein ‘herfre,reunnahle to amu at pase are not utoduced y the phono logical elf but azo sealiztions of corein seta of featree — inet fa Aifrontponesypes but all intading the fate [mye] — which ar ‘nrvady yrennt in tho phonological eurfaceatruture of uetarance A mur thief term ono he uch ete of fnture i "bonnay” or “Juneewo" the term “Jatite”iaeearved fr the poatleplanetcwebaletions of hound i, Th following kins uf bounlary are inpartant fr stes placemnd rules (a) phonologial phrase bouadaey (ooretative 40 oprpeae). which i Introduna! hy teadjstment rules san ily rain ing as ge hve bey nick ult ap pr 0 ha oe sh tt oe ahr oan Theme bows satin of om pce ma. SS whe ion ef in oc mtn Rn aoie (2) wont Boundary 4 (crelative, i certain unfigustions to our pani) ‘which operates within phonoogioa phraes, Iti ingoraeed ino sprtactig rurce strutiows ae a Welt of « general convention. “The boundary Ss antomatinlly inserted af the begining arden of every string dominated byw major eatogory, Le. by une of the lexical entogorice "verb", “adjective, cr by « cotgary auch ae “sentente”, “notm phrase", “verb phrase, whic dominates lexical ctegory” (Chomaky se Hallo 1068: 8, Teappeary trom the eenvention hut phiologieal phase bowsdrie om: relate with word boundaries atocntd with certain pes of coats (eg 8), The neti of redjustment alain oe demarcation of weeences phonologial phases he sonverson of ettain (ponifid) word boumar Into phonological phrea boundaries inorder to deni the dain of led rule appltation. On the other hand, the reudjstennt ruler Inve anatee itgporantfuetion, sigulled above, in canection with the + bomdasy ‘Namely, pooper modieation of the epntacti trucsaze within the pmaogiee hse, whlch is prerequisite for proper stews wnignent inthe jonobgical ‘somponent tow sonstderable dar theesul of the applistion of lange swale tradjtmant les whi (0) dete 4 fn eetain positions (2) mubtituto in entain positions @ in certain. positions, to. Wook undesirable. phonological proces ikewian, the readjustment rule liminate retin, orev si crt Ihe Jed tmaakets (in the case of proltes” and "enol of some lexical forusativc) in eer to eamure the tert applieaton of the tnaforatnal ‘ele and ako of other, ron-oelien, phonwlogsal rl, Theron af mu modifeatons may be sce even fm a mip tale of Soe oxarapls, cog. the poosaee of yrovents inworedt stress weds with fies {Hoare neatal in respec o sree plasms: Engh: each ig, opp mean Bolih: poss ying, taba sie 1 sens that as fac as tees concer the medjstment ras of Pik ‘mig eliminate tho Bounds and batelled Ursckets far ne sadialy than ‘hse of rch Chou thie may no bruit ew, asthe ae thee sets ‘ot plonalgy to consider). Thisip conneced withthe fact that the tana tonal eyele opwrating within tho wend (died tentatively. aller Chomsky ‘and Malls 1908 18, a8 constituent by the onfigaration fb # with 20 intemal uesuence of 4, Wh no brackets involved ax yet) probally “hurts” in Pola than in Enyah. Tia ta, may he este hy he fk ‘that Polish has 8 “od word stro, i he mene te prety aad wee stress a egned in the majority af sans stoma to certain lables ‘of the word, damagariing ite Inara aswotare with respect to th and Srnein Brg a Po 13 Inbeled Urackting (but ef: compounds below). Thos the teeneformational ysl operates on words after pre-yclical rules within the words ave Boon ‘pple (ify), ylelding ulimately for wth the ptiary stesso te pal imate syllable, tertiary wire (econd steangrst permed in word} an the fit epee if there ate four or mor spas, ahd wonkeretreae, unpees ‘edt this point, onal hereroning syle, og, opok% apotny, sh, ‘There are exceptions that must be aotounted for in the lesion or, jeer. ably, hy she readjostnent rales, presided, madematyhe aso comport Jn whieh the tertiey strss is esigned to that mle whish erived primary ‘sae in the at element ofthe compo, eg, sroniabea vs dalcobitny, but c. Wilkance,exgarmidrs, Balok, compounds in which the send ‘loment io a menoevltla® 1 Bngiah, more frequently than x Poli, sategril eotues of words ‘and the intemal atractare of complex frm ee indispenaile case for sec ‘sesigament. Word stress ean be arignedpropeny nly whan thew ees aro _present in the phonologoal surface suet, 0; uy tas be villa to scam ct gtd imp (ain prt ‘ve. phologmply vs polopraphi te. Chomsky and Halle (1968) provide the Sis innght int the sytem of ales thet asign sires to Pings worded bt some of the rules that eanere proper stneu placement, hese must Be Included, elaborated ana modified in a detailed desetion of steos parts ‘in gi. 10 quite posible thnt tho “etymological apyroneh™ tthe sty ‘of Englieh stress (largely unneccwary fer Poly it acs) ty ori tent insight nto the dsowson, Bven at this pent, however, it is pose tnt ‘hot the Brg rales of word sree aosgameent snd the ieudjustment rules evading to shen exced in number ant complet thowe of Pash "Ph pho Aologealsurfnce sturtare of Polish appears to be shallower than thet of nai and a there ane no eowel reduutin rules in Stunned Poi ae ‘sosipanyng erea arsignment rales (ass the sues Elite udersng Tesical representations of formatives may tur out to elo astra then is rh ‘The problems of sews assignment in phonological phrases nyelving co stituents lange than words (4s fined tentatively) ate relatively sip ia ‘oth Thats ead Poth a Tong ae (1) emphatic stress is not involved. (2) * Werhonee (17: #142) meta prt dy Pa wi ean ‘to rears the positon ofthe stragee ail wenar ste, 0, fant The ¥ tere the apes fear hd aoa “Pen of Sra| 4 e ie fe pa ts Rae | oe [a ar ea) ferent | SRC AO ATE a “wrivermal enventio iserting word Boundar ‘WORD FAROAN] DEFINED ENTACIIC Scr WITT Tica PHONETTE REPRESENTATIONS | praGRAM | fo | ct of 10 oa a tes sent Pot tere to paca Som se wee Teta ‘aso free “ain afte wo aad cecemhol fr int Fence iat TEMS Pacnangat pire emareo) “pis Wis wat domain of ore sess at vraag a elson [il apeneuenian ‘SiR wero ove | stand over wa Tenlient Sn no ae Pah 136 the phonological phrase sentence) ia analyaad completly into words that fave losin! antogeree and Inclue no prodtice or enue, he, nolexical Formative, (8) the word order of Poe ir “nestea™, Le. comporative to st ‘of English. These ondtions are, infact, mut in our examples (1) and (2), 0 ‘he bai of whieh the genaral latent sy be ade that in Bolin the tne fleney H to ang the nadenr rinses (the psmary onl tess of tho phono logit pire) to the primary trowed yao of tho rghtmos word of the ‘rate, while ia Pll the ttdency eto anign the mlea resto tho pi tnary trea sylalo of tho lttmos werd ere (28) and (1). ‘The more complex phnats, in whic Uso shee condition re oS mot, have to bo accounted fur the dete deaesptone af these aapets in Bags and Polish Its proposed thet sh deerptiona be made within te famowark of "WG theory, on the bain of principle which a medication of Acsunpsion IT, ‘as elaboraed shore. ingrath on p-184 anmamarizes in x syeeratie way all the aspects of the placple which have been dneaased; moreover, it indentes ‘the yolute af whieh the grammars of Poll and Euglish ar likly vo aie) ‘onvge with reapect to rte contour REFERENCES Arora, D196, Stade phen ad ng on EELS oth nga posse sol the Mtlng Sonate" loge ris “aetna prnanr,opolgy,anafoign langage textos Koaia ng Permit 3B Wicomae,D 187 Wyma pot, Wart: PZ,