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JCB Backhoe Loader 3CX, 4CX, 5CX T4F Service Manual

JCB Backhoe Loader 3CX, 4CX, 5CX


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whoever should enter the Varsha was to become a female.
Bhava is adored by millions of women. He meditates on the
fourth, the Tâmasa Mûrti of Mahâpurusha viz. Shankarshana. He
recites the following mantra and runs about: —
"Om Namo Bhâgavate Mahâ Purushâya Sarva-guna
Sankhâynâya Anantâya Avyaktâya Namaha."
"Om, Salutations to Bhagavat Mahâ Purusha, salutations to the
manifester of all Gunas, the Endless, the Unmanifested."
Then follows a prayer to Sankarshana for which readers are
referred to the original Bhadtâsva.
Bhadrasravas is the lord of Bhadrâsva. He and his followers
dwell there, they meditate on the Hayaśirsha aspect of Vâsudeva,
they recite the following mantra and run about.
"Om Namo Bhâgavate Dharmâya Âtmâ-visodhanâya namah."
"Om salutations to Bhagavat Dharma; salutations to him who
purifies the soul."
Then follows a prayer to Hayagrîva Harivarsha.
The renowned saintly Daitya Prahlâda with the dwellers of this
Varsha adore Him and recite the following mantra.
"Om Namo Bhagavate Srî Nara Sinhâya Namastejastejase
Âvirâvir bhava vajranakha vajra-danstra Karmâ-Sayân randhaya
randhaya tamo grasa om Svâhâ Abhayam Abhoyam Âtmani
bhûyisthûh om kshroum."
"Om salutations to Bhagavat Srî Hrisinha, Salutations to the fire
of all fires! Manifest Thyself! Manifest thyself O thunder-nailed! O
thunder-toothed! Burn up, burn up all desires! devour Tamas! Om
Svâhâ! Freedom from fear, freedom from fear be in us. Om!
Kohrâum!"
Ketumâla.
Pradyumna or Kâmadeva presides over Ketumâla in order to
please Lakshmî Samvatsara (one year), the daughters of Samvatsara
viz: the nights and Sons of Samvatsara viz: the days. The days and
nights are 36,000 in number i.e. as many as are contained in the full
term of a man's life (one hundred years). These days and nights are
the lords of Ketumâla Lakshmî with whom the dwellers of Ketumâla
adore Kâmadeva.
(The mantra and prayer are then given.)
Ramyaka.
Matsya (The Fish Incarnation) presides over Ramyaka. Manu is
the King.
(Mantra and prayer follow)
Hiranmaya.
Kûrma (the Tortoise Incarnation) presides over Hiranmaya.
Aryaman the chief of the Pitris dwells there with others.
(Mantra and prayer follow)
Kuru.
Varsha or the Boar Incarnation presides over Kuru. Bhûr with
the dwellers of Kuru adore him.
(Mantra and prayer follow.)
Kinpurusha.
In Kinpurusha, Hanumân with the dwellers of the Varsha
worship the Adipurusha Râma, brother of Lakshamana and husband
of Sitâ.
(Mantra and prayer follow.)
Bhârat Varsha.
Nara Nârâyana presides over this Varsha. There are various
(castes) and Âsramas in this Varsha. Nârada of great devotion leads
the people of this Varsha. His object in so doing is to teach to
Sâvarni, the coming Manu, the Sânkhya and Yoga (as related in the
Bhagavat Gitâ) together with the full realisation of Bhagavat (as
related in the Pancharatras).
[This mission of Nârada is specially noteworthy.]
( Mantra and prayer follow.)
In this Bhârata Varsha there are many mountains and rivers.
Maloya, Mangalaprastha, Mainâka, Trikuta, Rishava, Kutaka,
Kōnva, Sahya, Rishyamûka, Srisaila, Venkata, Mahendra, Vâridhâra,
Vindhya, Śaktimân, Riksha, Pâripâtra, Drōna, Chitrakûta,
Gobardhana, Raivatak, Kakubha, Nila, Gokâmukha, Indrakila,
Kâmagiri and hundreds and thousands of other mountains are
situated in this Varsha.
The following are the principal rivers Chandvavâsa, Tâmvaparni,
Avatōda, Kritamâlā, Vaihâyasi, Kâveri, Venûâ, Payasvini,
Sarkarâvartâ, Krishnavenuâ, Bhimrathi, Godâbari, Nirvindhyâ,
Payoshni, Tâpi, Revâ, Surasâ, Narmadâ, Charmanvati, Andha, Sōna,
Mahânadi, Vedasmriti, Rishikúlyâ, Trisâmâ, Kousiki, Mandâkini,
Yamunâ, Sarasvati, Drishadvati, Gomati, Saraju, Aghavati,
Shasthavati, Saptavati, Satadru, Sushōma, Chandrabhâgâ,
Maruduridhâ, Vitastâ, Asikini and Visvâ.
Those that acquire birth in this Varsha have recourse to Svarga,
humanity and Naraka respectively, according as their Karma is White
(Sâtvic), Red (Râjasic) or Black (Tâmasic). The People acquire
Moksha in this Varsha in accordance with their Varna (Caste). (This
is because Karma according to caste prevails in this Varsha, not that
Moksha is not otherwise attainable. Śridhara).
And what is moksha in this Varsha? It is the Companionship of
Mahâtmâs (Mahâpurushas) brought about by the destruction of the
bonds of Avidyâ caused by various births. And that Moksha is in
reality unceasing, unselfish devotion to the All-pervading,
Indestructible, Causeless Paramâtma Vâsudeva.
Even the Devas say: — "How fortunate are these people of
Bhârat Varsha! For Hari is kind to them, even without many
performances and they are so adapted for communion with Hari by
devotion. We have attained Svarga by the performance of Yajna. But
we shall have to be born again after the end of the Kalpa. What
good is in this state, which does not bring us in direct communion
with Vishnu? These people of Bhârat Varsha even with their short
lives acquire the state of Hari. If there be any Karma left to us after
the enjoyment of Svarga may we be born as men that we may
worship Hari."
Some say there are eight upadvipas in Jambu Dvipa, formed by
the sons of Sagara when they dug up this earth in search of the
sacrificial horse. They are Svarna Prastha, Chandra Sukla, Âvartana,
Râmanaka, Manda-harina, Panchajanya, Sinhala and Loukâ.
THE DVIPAS.

SKANDHA V. CHAP. 20.


Plaksha Dvipa
Jambu Dvipa is surrounded by the salt ocean on all sides. That
ocean extends over Laksha Yojanas. That salt ocean is again
surrounded on all sides by Plaksha Dvipa, which extends over 2
laksha of Yojanas.
There is one golden Plaksha tree in that Dvipa as high as the
Jambu tree in Jambu Dvipa and the Dvipa itself takes its name from
that tree. There Fire is seven tongued,
Idhmajihva son of Priyavrata ruled over this Dvipa. He divided
the Dvipa into seven Varshas and named them after his seven sons
each of whom ruled over the Varsha of his name.
Śiva, Vayasa, Subhadrâ, Sânta, Kshema, Amrita and Abhoya are
the Varshas.
Manikûta, Vajrakûta, Indrasena, Jyotishmat, Subarna,
Hiranyasthiva and Meghmâla are the seven chief mountains.
Arunâ, Nrimâna, Angirasi, Sâvitri, Supravâtâ, Ritambharâ and
Satyambharâ are the seven great rivers.
Hansa, Patanga, Urdhâyana and Satyânga are the
corresponding castes.
The dwellers of the Dvipa live for one thousand years. They look
like Devas and procreate after Deva fashion. They worship the Sûrya
(Sun-god) of the Vedas.
(The Mantra is given)
In Plaksha, Sâlmali, Kusa, Krouncha and Śaka, the inmates have
their age, Indriyas, strength, power and Budhi by their very birth
and not by Karma.
The Dvipa is surrounded by the Sugar cane juice ocean which
extends over 2 laksha of Yojanas.

Sâlmali Divpa: — Twice as large as Plaksha Dvipa. The ocean of wine


surrounding it is equally large.
Tree: — Sâlmali (Bombax Malabaricum) as high as the Plaksha
tree said to be the seat of Garuda.
King: Yajna-vâha son of Priyavrata.
Seven Varshas and seven sons of Yajnavaha: — Surochana,
Soumanasya, Râmanaka, Devvarha, Pâribhadra, Âpyâyana and
Abhijhâta.
Seven principal mountains: — Surasa, Śata Sringa, Vamadeva,
Kunda, Kumuda, Pushpa Varsha and Sahosra.
Seven great rivers: — Anumati, Sinivâti, Sarasvati, Kuhu, Rajani,
Nandâ and Râkâ.
Divisions of people: — Srutidhara, Viryadhara, Vasundhara, and
Ishundhara.
Presiding deity: — The Moon.
Kusa Dvipa: — Twice as large as Sâlmali Dvipa surrounded by
an ocean of clarified butter equally large.
Tree: — Clusters of Kusa grass glowing and glittering.
King: — Hiranyaretas son of Priyavrata.
Seven Varshas: — Vasu, Vasudâna, Dridharuchi, Nâbhigupta,
Satyavrata, Bikranama, and Devanâma.
Seven mountains: — Babhra, Chatur-Sringa, Kapila Chitra Kûta,
Devânika, Urdharomau and Dravina.
Seven Rivers: — Raaskulyâ, Madhukulyâ, Mitravindâ,
Srutavindâ, Deva Garbhâ, Ghutachyntâ, and Mantramâlâ.
Divisions of People: — Kusala, Kōvida, Abhiyukta and Kulaka.
Presiding Deity: — Agni (Fire-god).

Krouncha Dvipa: — Twice as large as Kusa, surrounded by an ocean


of milk equally large. Named after the Krouncha Mountain. The
Krouncha Mountain was attacked by Kârtikeya and injured too. But
the Milk Ocean and the presiding deity Varuna saved it.
King: — Ghritaprestha son of Priyavrata.
Seven Varshas: — Âtmâ, Madhuruha, Meghapristha, Sudhâwan,
Bhrâjistha, Lohitârna, Vânaspati.
Seven Mountains: — Sukla, Vardhamân, Bhajana, Upavarhaha,
Nauda, Nandana and Sarvato-bhadra.
Seven Rivers: — Abhoya, Amritoughâ, Âryukâ, Tirthavati,
Rupavati, Pavitravati and Suklâ.
Divisions of people: — Purasha, Rishabha, Dravina and Devaka.
Presiding Deity: Âpas (Water-God.)
Sâka Dvipa: — 32 laksha Yojanas. Surrounded by an ocean of
curds — equally extensive.
Tree: — Sâka (Teak wood tree) very fragrant.
King: — Medhâtithi, son of Priyavrata.
Seven Varshas: — Purojava, Manojava, Vepamâna, Dhûmrânika,
Chitrarepha, Bahurûpa and Visvâ-dhâra.
Seven Mountains: — Isâna, Uru Sringa, Balabhadra, Sata
Kesara, Sahasra-srotas, Devapâla and Mohânasa.
Seven Rivers: — Anaghâ, Âyurdâ, Ubhayaspriti, Aparâjitâ,
Punchapadî, Sahasra Sruti and Nijadhriti.
Division of people: — Ritavrata, Satyavrata, Dânavrata and
Anuvrata.
Presiding Deity: — Vayu (Wind-god).

Puskkara Dvipa: — Twice as large as Saka Dvipa surrounded by an


ocean of pure water — equally extensive: There is a big Pushkara or
Lotus plant with thousands of golden leaves. The Lotus is known as
the seat of Brahmâ.
Standing between two Varshas, eastern and western, is the
Mânasattara Mountain ten thousand Yojanas high. On the four sides
of this Mountain are four abodes of the Lokapâlas = Indra and
others.
Over these abodes the Sanvatsava or Uttarâyana Dakshinâyana
wheel (chakra) of the Sun's chariot moves in its course round Meru.
Vitihotra, Son of Priyavrata, is the king of this Varsha.
His two sons Râmanaka and Dhâtaka are the lords of two
Varshas named after them.
The people of those Varshas worship Brahmâ by Yajna
performances.
Beyond the Ocean of pure water is the Lokâloka (Loka and
Aloka) Mountain, dividing Loka, the regions lighted by the sun, from
Aloka or the regions not lighted by the sun.
As much land as there is between Mânasottara and Meru, so
much golden land is there on the other side of the pure water
ocean. It is like the surface of the mirror. If any thing is thrown on
that land, it is not regained. It is therefore forsaken by all beings.
[The land between Mânasottara and Meru is one krore and a half
plus seven and a half lakhs. There is as much land on the other side
of the Pure Water Ocean. There are living beings in that land.
Beyond that is the golden land. That land is eight krores and thirty
nine laksha yojanas wide. It is thus that the distance between Meru
and Lokâloka comes to be 12 1/2 krores as mentioned below. This is
also said in the Śiva Tantra.
Two krores 53 lakshas and 50 thousand this is the measure of
the seven Dvipas with the Oceans. Beyond that is the golden land
which is 10 Krores of Yojanas. This is used by the Devas as their
play-ground. Beyond that is Lokâloka. The ten krores include the
previously mentioned land, "Forsaken by all beings" — this is to be
understood with the exception of the Devas, for it is mentioned as
the play-ground of the Devas. Śridhara.]
In order to understand the commentary of Śridhara, let us
examine the figures.
Jambu Dvipa with Ocean on one side of Meru:

... ... 150,000 Yojanas

Plaksha Dvipa with Ocean on one side of Meru:

... ... 400,000

Sâlmali Do. ... ... 800,000

Kusa Do. .. ... 1,600,000

Krouncha Do. .. ... 3,200,000

Sâka Do. .. ... 6,400,000

Pushkar Do. . ... 12,800,000


Deduct Pure water Ocean as it is not included between Meru and
Mânasottara:

... ... 6,400,000

------------
18,950,000

Mânasottara stands half way in Pushkara, as it stands between two


Varshas. Deduct distance between Mânasottara and Pure Water
Ocean:

... 3,200,000

------------
15,750,000

The distance between Meru and Mânasottara is 1 1/2 Krores and 7


1/2 lakhs.
According to Śridhara, there is this much land on the other side
of the Pure Water Ocean.
Beyond that land is the Golden land which according to Śridhara
is:

... ... 83900000


Yojanas

Thus we get Dvipas and Oceans ... 25350000 "

Land beyond Pure Water Oceans ... 15750000 "


The Golden land ... ... 83900000 "

----------

125000000 "

Thus we get the 12 1/2 krores of Śridhara. Beyond the Golden land
is the Lokâloka Mountain. This will also explain the quotation from
Śiva Tantra. The following Diagram will partially illustrate the points.
Lokâloka

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
--------------------------------

The Golden Land


--------------------------------

Land beyond Pure Water Ocean


--------------------------------

Pure Water Ocean


--------------------------------

P
u
s
h ( * * Mânasottara
k
a
r
a

-------------------------------

Milk Ocean
-------------------------------

Sâkâ
-------------------------------

Sour Milk Ocean


-------------------------------

Krouncha
-------------------------------

Clarified Butter Ocean


-------------------------------

Kusa
-------------------------------

Wine Ocean
-------------------------------

Sâlmali
-------------------------------

Sugarcane Juice Ocean


-------------------------------

Plaksha
-------------------------------

Salt Ocean
-------------------------------

* Meru, Jambu
-------------------------------

The Lokâloka is the boundary of three Lokas, Bhûr, Bhuvar, and Svar.
The rays of the numerous bodies from the Sun up to Dhruva
illuminate the regions on the Triloka side of Lokâloka but they can
never reach its other side. For such is the height and expanse of
Lokâloka — (It is even higher than Dhruva. So it is the boundary of
Trilokî. Śridhara).
The Bhu-Golaka or the Bhûr system measures 50 Krores. And
Lokâloka is one-fourth of that i.e. 12 1/2 Krores (on one side of
Meru. Śridhara).
Over this Lokâloka, Brahmâ placed 4 Elephant Kings in four
different directions viz: Rishabha, Pushkarachûra, Vâmana and
Aparâjitâ. This is for the preservation of the Lokas.
Bhagavân Mahâ Purusha (Vishnu) Himself remains there. He
infuses various powers into the Elephant Kings and into the
Lokapâlas (preservers of the Lokas) Indra and others who are but
His manifestations. He pervades all. He manifests His pure Satva.
The characteristics of that satva are the eight Siddhis.
Dharma, Jnâna, Vairâgya, Aisvarya &c., Vishvaksena and His
other Companions are with Him. His own weapons are in his hands.
He remains there for the good of all Lokas.
To the end of the Kalpa, Vishnu remains in this way pervading
all for the preservation of the Universe formed by His own Mâyâ.
The measure of Aloka is also 12 1/2 Krores (on one side of
Meru. Śridhara).
Beyond Aloka is Visuddha (very pure region) where only
masters of Yoga can go.
The Sun stands in the centre of the Egg. That is also the middle
ground between Svar and Bhûr. Between the Sun and the
Circumference of the Egg is 25 Krores.
The Sun is called Mârtanda (Mrita and anda) because in Mrita or
dead matter he infused life as Vairâja. He is called Hiranya Garbha
(Gold wombed) because he came out of the Golden Egg.
The sun divided space into Bhûr, Bhuvar and Svar. The Sun
divides the regions of enjoyment and Moksha. He divides the
Narakas and Pâtâlas. He is the Âtmâ of Devas, men, animals, plants
and other Jivas. He is the manifester of sight.
SVAR AND BHUVAR.

SKANDHA V. CHAP. 21.


The localisation, measure and other details of Bhûr have been
given above. (By expanse 50 Krores and by height 25 Krores.
Śridhara).
The measure of Svar is the same as that of Bhûr — Just as one
cotyledon gives the measure of the other cotyledon in a flower.
Bhuvar is the connecting link of Bhûr and Svar.
THE SUN.

SKANDHA V. CHAP. 21-22.


The Sun from the Bhuvar Loka sends forth his rays to Trilokî.
(Here follow astronomical details which need not be given.)
When the Sun is between the Autumn and spring Equinoxes it is
called Uttarâyana (or going towards the north.) Then the Sun's
motion is said to be slow.
When the Sun is between the spring Equinox and Autumn
Equinox, it is Dakshinâyana (Going towards the south.) The Sun's
motion is then said to be Quick.
When the sun is at the Equinoxes it is Vishuva. The Sun's
motion is then said to be Even.
When it is Dakshinâyana, the days increase. When it is
Uttarâyana the nights increase.
The sages teach 9 Krores and 51 lakhs of Yojanas as the
Circumference of Manâsottara.
[On both sides of Meru up to Manâsottara is 3 Krores and 15
lakhs. The Measure of the above circle is obtained from this
(diameter). Śridhara.]
[A full diagram of the Bhûr system will now have to be given, to
explain the above figures. For the sake of convenience, the Dvipa
and its ocean are given as one.]
A diagram of the Bhûr system.

From Meru to Lokâloka on one side ... 12 1/2 Krores


on both sides ... 25 "
Loka loka on both sides ... 25 "
Measure of Bhûr system ... 50 "
Distance from Meru to Manasottora 15,750,000
On both sides ... 31,500,000

The Manâsottara range is a circle of which the last figure is the


diameter.
The circle is obtained by multiplying the diameter by a little over
3.
The circle is thus given to be — 9 Krores and 51 Lakshas.
The Manâsottara is the path of revolution of the sun round
Meru.
On the East side of Meru in the Manâsottara is the seat of Indra
named Devadhânî.
On the South side is the seat of Yâma named Sanyamanî.
On the West is the seat of Varuna named Nimlochani.
On the North is the seat of the Moon named Vibhavarî.
Sunrise, midday, Sunset and night on those seats cause action
and inaction in beings, according to the time with reference to the
side of Meru.
(For those that live to the south of Meru, their east &c.
commence from the abode of Indra, of those that live to the west
from the abode of Yâma, of the northern people, from the abode of
Varuna, of the eastern people from the abode of the Moon.
Śridhara.)
Those that live on the Meru have the Sun always over their
heads.
The Sun's chariot makes one round along Manâsottara in one
year. The wheel or chakra of the chariot is therefore called
Sanvatsara.
The 12 months are the 12 spokes of that wheel. The six seasons
form 6 arcs.
The pole of that chariot extends to the top of Meru. The other
end of the pole is on the Manâsottara. (It is either to be thought that
the wheel is placed more than 50,000 Yojanas over the Manâsottara
in the regions of air or the wheel is to be considered as high as that
distance, otherwise the Manâsottara being 10,000 Yojanas high and
Meru being 84 Yojanas high, 16 thousand being under ground, there
will be a difference of planes in the Sun's revolution. Śridhara.)
There is another movement of the Sun round Dhruva. The
radius of that revolution is one fourth the distance between Meru
and Manâsottara. (i.e. 1/4 X 15,750,000 = 3,937,500).
The movement round Dhruva is caused by the action of air.
The seat within the chariot is 36 laksha of Yojanas wide. The
yoke is also of the same measure. The seven horses are the seven
Vedic metres (Gâyatri, Ushnik, Anustup, Vrihatî, Pankti, Tristup and
Jagati). They are driven by Aruna.
The thumb sized Bâlikhilya Rishis stand in front of the chariot
and chant hymns in honor of Âditya.

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