BAKTERIOLOGI

DASAR
AFIF PRANAYA JATI S.P, M.Sc
PROGRAM STUDI KEPERAWATAN ANESTESIOLOGI
JENJANG SARJANA TERAPAN
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS ‘AISYIYAH YOGYAKARTA
MARET 2022
SILABUS
01 BAKTERIOLOGI DASAR

02 MORFOLOGI BAKTERI

03 STRUKTUR BAKTERI
04 JENIS-JENIS BAKTERI

05 IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI
DAN PENGECATAN
BAKTERI
 01. BAKTERIOLOGI DASAR
MENGAPA HARUS MEMPELAJARI BAKTERI?
TOKOH-TOKOH BAKTERIOLOGI

ROBERT HOOKE ANTONIE VAN LOUIS PASTEUR ROBERT KOCH

MAHLUK HIDUP LEEUWENHOEK
TERSUSUN DARI PENEMU
SEL MIKROSKOP MENDETEKSI POSTULAT KOCH
MIKROBIA DI UDARA
BAKTERIOLOGI DASAR

 BAKTERI : ORGANISME YANG BERUKURAN MIKROSKOPIK DAN TIDAK MEMILIKI MEMBRAN INTI
SEL

EVOLUSI BENTUK-BENTUK MIKROSKOP

BAKTERIOLOGI DASAR

 BAGIAN-BAGIAN MIKROSKOP
02 MORFOLOGI BAKTERI
 MORFOLOGI BAKTERI

 UKURAN BAKTERI

 UMUMNYA BERUKURAN 0,5-5 MIKROMETER

MORFOLOGI BAKTERI  BENTUK BAKTERI
03 STRUKTUR BAKTERI
 Inclusion body
Fimbria

Ribosome

Nucleoid STRUKTUR BAKTERI

Cytoplasm

Glycocalyx

Cell wall Plasmid

Cell membrane Flagella
 STRUKTUR BAKTERI

Fimbria

STRUKTUR LUAR BAKTERI

• Glycocalyx
• Flagella
• Fimbriae
• Pili
Glycocalyx

Flagella
 STRUKTUR BAKTERI STRUKTUR
Fimbria LUAR BAKTERI
• Glycocalyx
• Types:
• Capsule is neatly organized and firmly attached to
cell wall
• Slime layer is unorganized and loosely attached to
cell wall
• Purpose:
Glycocalyx • Protection against drying
• Attachment to surfaces
• Virulence – inhibits phagocytosis
Flagella • Flagella
• Fimbriae
• Pili
STRUKTUR BAKTERI  BENTUK FLAGELLA
STRUKTUR BAKTERI  BENTUK FIMBRIAE DAN PILI
STRUKTUR BAKTERI  STUKTUR DALAM BAKTERI
Inclusion body
 DINDING SEL
 NUCLEOID  INFORMASI GENETIK, KONTROL
SINTESIS PROTEIN
 RIBOSOM  SINTESIS PROTEIN
Ribosome  MEMBRAN SEL :FILTER SENYAWA KIMIA
 SITOPLASMA/SITOSOL : CAIRAN DALAM SEL TEMPAT
Nucleoid BERKUMPULNYA ORGANEL
 Plasmids – extrachromosomal DNA
 Inclusions – storage of polysaccharides, lipids for energy
Cytoplasm

Cell wall Plasmid

Cell membrane
 STRUKTUR BAKTERI  KOMPONEN PENYUSUN DINDING SEL BAKTERI

Peptidoglycan- in bacterial cell walls

Consists of repeating disaccharides

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) & N-acetylmuramic acid
(NAM)
Linked by polypeptides
Includes amino acid isomer side chains attached to
NAM
 STRUKTUR BAKTERI  KOMPONEN PENYUSUN DINDING SEL BAKTERI

Gram-Positive cell walls

Thick layer of Peptidoglycan

Teichoic acids:
Lipoteichoic acid links to plasma membrane
Wall teichoic acid links to peptidoglycan
STRUKTUR BAKTERI  KOMPONEN PENYUSUN DINDING SEL BAKTERI
STRUKTUR BAKTERI  KOMPONEN PENYUSUN DINDING SEL BAKTERI

•Thin layer of peptidoglycan in periplasmic space

•Outer membrane of phospholipids, lipoproteins, and
lipopolysaccharides
STRUKTUR BAKTERI  PERBANDINGAN DINDING SEL BAKTERI
STRUKTUR BAKTERI  VARIASI DINDING SEL BAKTERI

Acid-fast bacteria
Mycolic acid  Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycoplasma
Lack cell walls
Sterols in plasma membrane
Archaea
Wall-less, or
Walls of varying polysaccharides and proteins
Do not have peptidoglycan in cell walls
STRUKTUR BAKTERI  PERBEDAAN BAKTERI DAN ORGANISME LAIN

Bakteri Eukaryota

Nucleoid region Nuclear membrane

One chromosome Paired chromosomes
No membrane bound organelles Membrane bound organelles
70S ribosomes 80S ribosomes
Complex cell walls Simple or no cell walls
Binary fission Mitosis
Small size Larger size
Bacteria, Archaea Fungi, Parasites
04 JENIS-JENIS BAKTERI
JENIS-JENIS BAKTERI

 BAKTERI GRAM POSITIF:  BAKTERI GRAM NEGATIF

Staphylococcus Salmonella
Streptococcus Escherichia
Enterococcus Shigella
Listeria Neisseria
Bacillus Bordetella
Clostridium Legionella
Mycobacterium Pseudomonas
Propionibacterium Vibrio
Mycoplasma Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Haemophilus
Treponema
Chlamydia
05 IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI DAN
PENGECATAN BAKTERI
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI  BERDASARKAN MORFOLOGI KOLONI
 WHOLE SHAPE OF COLONY

 SIZE OF COLONY

 EDGE/MARGIN OF COLONY

 CHROMOGENESIS
Color of colonies, pigmentation: white, buff, red, purple, etc.

 OPACITY OF COLONY
transparent (clear), opaque (not transparent or clear),
translucent (almost clear, but distorted vision–like looking
through frosted glass), iridescent (changing colors in reflected
light)?

 ELEVATION OF COLONY

 SURFACE OF COLONY
Smooth, glistening, rough, dull (opposite of glistening), rugose
(wrinkled)

 CONSISTENCY or TEXTURE
Butyrous (buttery), viscid (sticks to loop, hard to get off),
brittle/
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI  BERDASARKAN MORFOLOGI KOLONI
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI

 BERDASARKAN
PENGECATAN GRAM
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI

 BERDASARKAN
PENGECATAN ACID-FAST  IDENTIFIKASI MYCOBACTERIUM
Thank You