Kubota Front Mount Mower F1900 Workshop Manual

Kubota Front Mount Mower F1900

Workshop Manual
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Kubota Front Mount Mower F1900 Workshop Manual

of Manual: Workshop Manual Model: Kobuta F1900 Front Mount Mower Date:
2006 Number of Pages: 320 Pages Contents: \- Mechanism Information on the
construction and function are included in this section. This part should be
understood before proceeding with troubleshooting, disassembling and servicing.
\- Disassembling and Servicing Under the heading “General” cornes general
precautions, check and maintenance and special tools. For each section. there are
troubleshooting, servicing specification lists, checking and adjusting,
disassembling and assembling, and servicing which cover procedures,
precautions, factory specifications and allowable limits.
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of How to Make an
Index
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eBook.

Title: How to Make an Index

Author: Henry B. Wheatley

Release date: May 12, 2012 [eBook #39672]

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Steven Gibbs and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOW TO MAKE

AN INDEX ***
The Book-Lover's Library.
Edited by

Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A.

 By the Same
Author.

Tastefully printed and bound

in cloth, 4s. 6d.; in
Roxburgh, 7s. 6d. Large
Paper, 21s.
HOW TO FORM A LIBRARY.
"An admirable guide to the
best bibliographies and books of
reference.... It is altogether a
volume to be desired."—Globe.
"Everything about this book is
satisfactory—paper, type,
margin, size—above all, the
contents."—St. James's Gazette.
HOW TO CATALOGUE A
LIBRARY.
"Every collector of books
knows how many and difficult
are the problems that present
themselves in connection with
cataloguing. Mr. Wheatley deals
with all patiently, wisely, and
exhaustively."—British Weekly.
"Mr. Wheatley's volume is
unique. It is written with so
much care and such profound
knowledge of the subject that
there can be no doubt that it
will satisfactorily meet all
requirements."—Bristol Mercury.

ELLIOT STOCK,
62, Paternoster Row, London.

HOW TO MAKE
AN INDEX

BY
 HENRY B. WHEATLEY, F.S.A.
AUTHOR OF "HOW TO CATALOGUE A LIBRARY"
"HOW TO FORM A LIBRARY," ETC., ETC.

"M. Bochart ... me prioit surtout d'y faire un Index, etant, disoit-il,
l'âme des gros livres."—Menagiana.

LONDON
ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW
1902
 PREFACE.
N 1878 I wrote for the Index Society, as its first
publication, a pamphlet entitled "What is an Index?" The
present little book is compiled on somewhat similar
lines; but, as its title suggests, it is drawn up with a
more practical object. The first four chapters are
"Historical," and the other four are "Practical"; but the
historical portion is intended to lead up to the practical portion by
showing what to imitate and what to avoid.

There has been of late years a considerable change in public

opinion with respect to the difficulties attending the making of both
indexes and catalogues. It was once a common opinion that anyone
without preparatory knowledge or experience could make an index.
That that opinion is not true is amply proved, I hope, in the chapter
on the "Bad Indexer."

I have attempted to describe the best way of setting to work on

an index. To do this with any hope of success it is necessary to give
details that may to some seem puerile, but I have ventured on
particulars for which I hope I may not be condemned.

I must also ask the forbearance of my readers for the constant

use of the personal pronoun. If I could have left it out, I would
gladly have done so; but to a great extent this book relates to the
experiences of an old indexer. They must be taken for what they are
worth, and I hope forgiveness will be extended to me for the form in
which these experiences are related.

H. B. W.
 CONTENTS.

HISTORICAL.
PAGE

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION

The So-called Evils of Index Learning—Glanville and Swift

—Thomas Fuller's Defence of the Index—Advantages
of saving the Brain by knowing where to find what is
wanted—Dr. Johnson's Division of Necessary
Knowledge—Gradual Introduction of the Word
"Index"—Synonyms—Final Triumph of Index—
Interesting Indexes—Prynne's Index to his Histrio-
Mastix—Index to Richardson's Novels—David Hume
an Indexer—Sir James Paget enjoyed making Indexes
—Amusing Blunder in Musical Index 1

CHAPTER II.

AMUSING AND SATIRICAL INDEXES.

Leigh Hunt's Good Word for Indexes—Indexes to Tatler

and Spectator, and The Athenian Oracle—Table of
Contents to Shenstone's Schoolmistress—Index to
Biglow Papers—Dr. William King and his Satirical
Indexes—"Boyle upon Bentley"—The Royal Society
and Sir Hans Sloane ridiculed—Speaker Bromley's
Travels—Reprint with King's Index 25
CHAPTER III.
 THE BAD INDEXER.

Some of the Worst Indexes in Periodicals—Jewel's Apology

—Classified in place of completely Alphabetical
Indexes—Mr. Poole's Opinion of Indexes to Periodicals
—Miss Hetherington's Examples of Bad Indexes—
Want of Complete Alphabetization—Confusion of u
and n, and Blunders caused by it—Classification
within the Alphabet—Variety of Alphabets—Want of
Cross References—Useless Cross References—
Amusing Mistranslations—Incorrect Filling-up of
Contractions—Bad Index to Walpole's Letters—
Incorrect Use of the Line for Repetition of Heading—
Index to Pepys's Diary—Evil of an Indexless Book—
Complaints 53

CHAPTER IV.

THE GOOD INDEXER.

Difficulties of being Exact—Value of a Good Index—

Scaliger, Nicolas Antonio, Pineda, Samuel Jeake—
Carlyle on Indexless Books—Macaulay's Opinion of
the Aim of an Index—Official Indexes—Amount paid
by Parliament for Indexes—Good Legal Indexes—
Indexes to Jeremy Bentham's Works, and to Ruskin's
Fors Clavigera—Dr. Birkbeck Hill's Index to Boswell's
Life of Johnson—Boswell's Original Index—Issue of
Revised Index to Ranke's History of England—The
Indexer born and made—Characteristics of a Good
Indexer 85

PRACTICAL.
CHAPTER V.
 DIFFERENT CLASSES OF INDEXES.

Easiest Kinds of Indexes to make—Concordances—

Scientific Books—Incompleteness of some Indexes—
Indexes to Catalogues of Libraries—Proposed Subject
Index to the Catalogue of the British Museum—
Controversy in The Times—Mr. Fortescue's Opinion—
Dictionary Catalogue 118

CHAPTER VI.

GENERAL RULES FOR ALPHABETICAL INDEXES.

Rules, with Explanations and Illustrations: (1) One Index

to each Book; (2) One Alphabet; (3) Order of the
English Alphabet; (4) Arrangement of Headings; (5)
Arrangement of Foreign Proper Names; (6) Proper
Names with Prefixes; (7) Titles of Peers rather than
their Family Names; (8) Compound Names; (9)
Adjective v. Substantive as a Catchword; (10)
Shortness of Entries; (11) Repetition of Short Entries;
(12) Abstracts of the Contents of Articles in
Periodicals; (13) Authorities to be Indexed; (14)
Division of the Page for Reference; (15) Use of
Numerals for Series of Volumes; (16) Certain Entries
to be printed in Capitals; (17) Type for Headings—
Arrangement of Oriental Names—Sir George
Birdwood's Memorandum 132

CHAPTER VII.

HOW TO SET ABOUT AN INDEX.

Hints as to the Making of an Index—Two Kinds of Index—

Arrangement of Growing Indexes—Use of Cards,
Paper Slips, or Foolscap—Indexer's Knowledge of the
Book to be Indexed—Selection of the best Catchword
—Use of Numerals—Index for Different Editions of
 Same Book—Cutting up and arranging Slips—Sorting
into Alphabet—Pasting down the Slips—Paste to Use
—Calculations of the Relative Lengths of the Letters
of the Alphabet—Preparation of "Copy" for the Printer
—Correction of the Press 172

CHAPTER VIII.

GENERAL OR UNIVERSAL INDEX.

Early Proposals for an Index Society—Foundation of a

Society—Indexes of History and Biography—General
Index: What it should be 206

Index 225

HOW TO MAKE AN INDEX.

 CHAPTER I.
Introduction.

"I for my part venerate the inventor of Indexes; and I know

not to whom to yield the preference, either to Hippocrates, who
was the great anatomiser of the human body, or to that
unknown labourer in literature who first laid open the nerves
and arteries of a book."

—Isaac Disraeli, Literary Miscellanies.

T is generally agreed that that only is true knowledge

which consists of information assimilated by our own
minds. Mere disjointed facts kept in our memories have
no right to be described as knowledge. It is this
understanding that has made many writers jeer at so-
called index-learning. Thus, in the seventeenth century,
Joseph Glanville, writing in his Vanity of Dogmatizing, says:
"Methinks 'tis a pitiful piece of knowledge that can be learnt from an
index, and a poor ambition to be rich in the inventory of another's
treasure." Dr. Watts alluded to those whose "learning reaches no
farther than the tables of contents"; but then he added a sentence
which quite takes the sting from what he had said before, and shows
how absolutely needful an index is. He says: "If a book has no index
or table of contents, 'tis very useful to make one as you are reading
it."

Swift had his say on index-learning, too. In the Tale of a Tub

(Section VII.) he wrote: "The most accomplisht way of using books
at present is twofold: Either serve them as some men do Lords,
learn their titles exactly, and then brag of their acquaintance. Or
secondly, which indeed is the choicer, the profounder and politer
method, to get a thorough insight into the Index, by which the
whole book is governed and turned, like fishes by the tail. For to
enter the palace of Learning at the great gate, requires an expense
of time and forms; therefore men of much haste and little ceremony
are content to get in by the back-door. For, the Arts are all in a flying
march, and therefore more easily subdued by attacking them in the
rear.... Thus men catch Knowledge by throwing their wit on the
posteriors of a book, as boys do sparrows with flinging salt upon
their tails. Thus human life is best understood by the wise man's
Rule of regarding the end. Thus are the Sciences found like Hercules'
oxen, by tracing them backwards. Thus are old Sciences unravelled
like old stockings, by beginning at the foot."

Thomas Fuller, with his usual common-sense, wisely argues that

the diligent man should not be deprived of a tool because the idler
may misuse it. He writes: "An Index is a necessary implement and
no impediment of a book except in the same sense wherein the
carriages [i.e. things carried] of an army are termed impedimenta.
Without this a large author is but a labyrinth without a clue to direct
the reader therein. I confess there is a lazy kind of learning which is
only indical, when scholars (like adders which only bite the horses'
heels) nibble but at the tables, which are calces librorum, neglecting
the body of the book. But though the idle deserve no crutches (let
not a staff be used by them but on them), pity it is the weary should
be denied the benefit thereof, and industrious scholars prohibited
the accommodation of an index, most used by those who most
pretend to contemn it."

The same objection to "indical" learning is urged to-day, but it is

really a futile one. No man can know everything; he may possess
much true knowledge, but there is a mass of matter that the learned
man knows he can never master completely. He does not care to
burden his mind with what might be to him useless lumber. In this
case his object is only to know where he can find the information
when he wants it. Indexes are of the greatest help to these men,
and for their purposes the indexes ought to be well made. But it is
needless to labour this point, for has not Johnson, in his clear and
virile language, said the last word on the matter?—"Knowledge is of
two kinds; we know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can
find information upon it. When we inquire into any subject, the first
thing we have to do is to know what books have treated of it. This
leads us to look at catalogues and the backs of books."

Before going further, it would be well for author and reader to

come to an agreement as to what an index really is. An index may,
in certain circumstances, be arranged in the order of the book, like a
table of contents, or it may be classified or chronological; but the
index to a book such as we all think of when we speak of an index
should be alphabetical. The other arrangements must be
exceptional, because the books indexed are exceptional.

It is strange, however, to find how long the world was in coming

to this very natural conclusion. The first attempt at indexing a book
was in the form of an abstract of contents in the order of the book
itself. Seneca, in sending certain volumes to his friend Lucilius,
accompanied them with notes of particular passages, so that he
"who only aimed at the useful might be spared the trouble of
examining them entire." Cicero used the word "index" to express the
table of contents of a book, and he asked his friend Atticus to send
him two library clerks to repair his books. He added that he wished
them to bring with them some parchment to make indexes upon.

Many old manuscripts have useful tables of contents, and in Dan

Michel's Ayenbite of Inwyt (1340) there is a very full table with the
heading: "Thise byeth the capiteles of the boc volȝinde."

It was only a step to arrange this table of contents in the order of

the alphabet, and thus form a true index; but it took a long time to
take this step. Alphabetical indexes of names are to be found in
some old manuscript books, but it may be said that the general use
of the alphabetical arrangement is one of those labour-saving
expedients which came into use with the invention of printing.
 Erasmus supplied alphabetical indexes to many of his books; but
even in his time arrangement in alphabetical order was by no means
considered indispensable in an index, and the practice came into
general use very slowly.

The word "index" had a hard fight with such synonyms as

"calendar," "catalogue," "inventory," "register," "summary,"
"syllabus." In time it beat all its companions in the race, although it
had the longest struggle with the word "table." [1]

[1] All these words are fairly common; but there is another which was
used only occasionally in the sixteenth century. This is "pye," supposed
to be derived from the Greek πίναξ, among the meanings of which, as
given in Liddell and Scott's Lexicon, is, "A register, or list." The late Sir T.
Duffus Hardy, in some observations on the derivation of the word "Pye-
Book," remarks that the earliest use he had noted of pye in this sense is
dated 1547: "A Pye of all the names of such Balives as been to accompte
pro anno regni regis Edwardi Sexti primo."—Appendix to the "35th
Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records," p. 195.

Cicero used the word "index," and explained it by the word

"syllabus." Index was not generally acknowledged as an English
word until late in the seventeenth century.

North's racy translation of Plutarch's Lives, the book so diligently

used by Shakespeare in the production of his Roman histories,
contains an alphabetical index at the end, but it is called a table. On
the title-page of Baret's Alvearie (1573), one of the early English
dictionaries, mention is made of "two Tables in the ende of this
booke"; but the tables themselves, which were compiled by
Abraham Fleming, being lists of the Latin and French words, are
headed "Index." Between these two tables, in the edition of 1580, is
"an Abecedarie, Index or Table" of Proverbs. The word "index" is not
included in the body of the dictionary, where, however, "Table" and
"Regester" are inserted. "Table" is defined as "a booke or regester
for memorie of thinges," and "regester" as "a reckeninge booke
wherein thinges dayly done be written." By this it is clear that Baret
did not consider index to be an English word.

At the end of Johnson's edition of Gerarde's Herbal (1636) is an

"Index Latinus," followed by a "Table of English names," although a
few years previously Minsheu had given "index" a sort of half-
hearted welcome into his dictionary. Under that word in the Guide
into Tongues (1617) is the entry, "vide Table in Booke, in litera T.,"
where we read, "a Table in a booke or Index." Even when
acknowledged as an English word, it was frequently differentiated
from the analytical table: for instance, Dugdale's Warwickshire
contains an "Index of Towns and Places," and a "Table of men's
names and matters of most note"; and Scobell's Acts and
Ordinances of Parliament (1640-1656), published 1658, has "An
Alphabetical Table of the most material contents of the whole book,"
preceded by "An Index of the general titles comprized in the ensuing
Table." There are a few exceptions to the rule here set forth: for
instance, Plinie's Natural Historie of the World, translated by
Philemon Holland (1601), has at the beginning, "The Inventorie or
Index containing the contents of 37 bookes," and at the end, "An
Index pointing to the principal matters." In Speed's History of Great
Britaine (1611) there is an "Index or Alphabetical Table containing
the principal matters in this history."

The introduction of the word "index" into English from the Latin
word in the nominative shows that it dates from a comparatively
recent period, and came into the language through literature and
not through speech. In earlier times it was the custom to derive our
words from the Latin accusative. The Italian word indice was from
the accusative, and this word was used by Ben Jonson when he
wrote, "too much talking is ever the indice of a fool" (Discoveries,
ed. 1640, p. 93). The French word indice has a different meaning
from the Italian indice, and according to Littré is not derived from
index, but from indicium. It is possible that Jonson's "indice" is the
French, and not the Italian, word.
 Drayton uses "index" as an indicator:

"Lest when my lisping guiltie tongue should hault,

My lookes might prove the index to my fault."
—Rosamond's Epistle, lines 103-104.

Shakespeare uses the word as a table of contents at the

beginning of a book rather than as an alphabetical list at the end:
for instance, Nestor says:

"Our imputation shall be oddly poised

In this wild action: for the success,
Although particular, shall give a scantling
Of good or bad unto the general;
And in such indexes, although small pricks
To their subsequent volumes, there is seen
The baby figure of the giant mass
Of things to come at large."
—Troilus and Cressida, I. 3.

Buckingham threatens:

"I'll sort occasion,

As index to the story we late talk'd of,
To part the queen's proud kindred from the king."
—Richard III., II. 2.

And Iago refers to "an index and obscure prologue to the history
of lust and foul thoughts" (Othello, II. 1). It may be remarked in the
quotation from Troilus and Cressida that Shakespeare uses the
proper plural—"indexes"—instead of "indices," which even now some
writers insist on using. No word can be considered as thoroughly
naturalised that is allowed to take the plural form of the language
from which it is obtained. The same remark applies to the word
"appendix," the plural of which some write as "appendices" instead
of "appendixes." In the case of "indices," this word is correctly
appropriated to another use.