Discovering Computers

Technology in a World of Computers,

Mobile Devices, and the Internet

Chapter 9
Operating Systems
Objectives Overview

Explain how an operating

Describe the start-up system provides a user
process and shutdown interface, manages
Define an operating system
options on computers and programs, manages
mobile devices memory, and coordinates
tasks

Describe how an operating Identify file management

system enables users to and other tools included
configure devices, establish with an operating system,
an Internet connection, and along with ways to update
monitor performance operating system software

See Page 378 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 2

for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview

Explain how an
operating system Summarize the features
enables users to control of several desktop
a network or administer operating systems
security

Summarize the features

Briefly describe various
and uses of several
server operating
mobile operating
systems
systems

See Page 378 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 3

for Detailed Objectives
Operating Systems

• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer and mobile device hardware
Start and shut down
Provide a user
a computer or Manage programs Manage memory
interface
mobile device

Establish an Monitor
Coordinate tasks Configure devices
Internet connection performance

Provide file
management and Updating operating
Control a network Administer security
other device or system software
media-related tasks

Page 378 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 4

Operating Systems

Page 379 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 5

Figure 9-1
Operating System Functions

• Starting Computers and Mobile Devices

– If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a
power button to turn it on

Page 380 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 6

Figure 9-2
Operating System Functions

• An operating system includes various power

options

Sleep mode saves any open Hibernate saves any open

documents running programs documents and running
or apps to memory, turns off programs or apps to an
all unneeded functions, and internal hard drive before
then places the computer in a removing power from the
low-power state computer or device

Page 381 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 7

Operating System Functions

• A user interface
(UI) controls how
you enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images
Pages 381 – 382 8
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9
Figure 9-3
Operating System Functions

• In a command-line interface, a user types

commands represented by short keywords or
abbreviations or presses special keys on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions

Page 382 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 9

Figure 9-4
Operating System Functions

• How an operating system handles programs

directly affects your productivity

Single tasking Foreground

Single user
and and
and multiuser
multitasking background

Pages 383 - 384 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 10

Operating System Functions

Page 383 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 11

Figure 9-5
Operating System Functions

• Memory management optimizes the use of the computer

or device’s internal memory
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM

Page 385 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 12

Figure 9-8
Operating System Functions

• The operating system determines the order in

which tasks are processed

Pages 386 – 387 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 13

Figure 9-9
Operating System Functions

Page 387 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 14

Operating System Functions

• Operating systems typically provide a means to

establish Internet connections

Page 388 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 15

Figure 9-10
Operating System Functions

• A performance monitor is a program that

assesses and reports information about various
computer resources and devices

Page 389 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 16

Figure 9-11
Operating System Functions

• Operating systems often provide users with a

variety of tools related to managing a computer,
its devices, or its programs

File Manager Search Image Viewer Uninstaller Disk Cleanup

Disk File PC Backup and

Screen Saver
Defragmenter Compression Maintenance Restore

Page 390 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 17

Operating System Functions

• Automatic update automatically provides new

features or corrections to the program

Page 390 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 18

Figure 9-12
Operating System Functions

• Some operating systems • A network

are designed to work administrator uses the
with a server on a server operating system
network to:
• These multiuser – Add and remove users,
operating systems allow computers, and other
devices
multiple users to share
– Configure the network,
a printer, Internet
install software and
access, files, and administer network
programs security

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Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9
Operating System Functions

• A user account enables

a use to sign in to, or
access resources on, a
network or computer
– A user name, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
– A password is a private
combination of
characters associated
with the user name

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Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9
Figure 9-13
Types of Operating Systems

Page 393 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 21

Table 9-2
Desktop Operating Systems

• A desktop operating system is a complete

operating system that works on desktops, laptops,
and some tablets

Windows Mac OS UNIX

Chrome
Linux
OS
Page 394 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 22
Desktop Operating Systems

• Windows 8 offers these features:

– Start screen interface with tiles
– Includes the desktop interface
– Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard
– Email app, calendar app, and browser included
– Photos, files, and settings you can sync with SkyDrive
– Enhanced security through an antivirus program,
firewall, and automatic updates
– Windows Store offers additional applications for
purchase
Page 394 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 23
Desktop Operating Systems

Page 394 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 24

Desktop Operating Systems

• The Macintosh operating system has earned a

reputation for its ease of use
• Latest version is OS X

Page 396 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 25

Desktop Operating Systems

UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s

Linux is a popular,
multitasking UNIX-based
operating system
Pages 397 – 398 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 26
Figures 9-14 – 9-15
Desktop Operating Systems

• Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system

designed to work primarily with web apps

Page 399 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 27

Figure 9-16
Server Operating Systems

Windows OS X
Server Server

UNIX Linux
Pages 399 - 400 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 28
Mobile Operating Systems

• The operating system on mobile devices and

many consumer electronics is called a mobile
operating system and resides on firmware

Windows
Android iOS
Phone

Page 400 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 29

Mobile Operating Systems

• Android is an open
source, Linux-based
mobile operating
system designed by
Google for smartphones
and tablets

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Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9
Figure 9-17
Mobile Operating Systems

• iOS, developed by
Apple, is a proprietary
mobile operating
system specifically
made for Apple’s
mobile devices

Page 402 31
Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9
Figure 9-18
Mobile Operating Systems

• Windows Phone,
developed by Microsoft,
is a proprietary mobile
operating system that
runs on some
smartphones

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Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9
Figure 9-19
Summary

Variety of desktop
operating systems,
Functions common to
server operating
most operating systems
systems, and mobile
operating systems

Page 403 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 33

 Discovering Computers
Technology in a World of Computers,
Mobile Devices, and the Internet

Chapter 9
Operating Systems

Chapter 9 Complete