CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD WORKSHEET

Objectives:
At the end of the activity, the student will be able to:
1. Discuss how each contraceptive method works.
2. Discuss the different advantages and disadvantages of each contraceptive method.
3. Differentiate one contraceptive method from the other.

Directions: Fill in the boxes with the needed information.

Name of Method Description of how the method works (10pts) Advantages (5pts) Disadvantages (5pts)

The synthetic steroids can have more than one Synthetic estrogen and progesterone in oral Over the years, the dose of estrogen and
action, but they reduce LH and FSH release from
contraceptives (birth control pills) are among progesterone in birth control pills has been
the anterior pituitary. Estrogen and progesterone
the most effective contraceptives, providing reduced. The current lower dose of birth
are present high enough concentrations to have a
99.9% effectiveness. This is very effective control pills has fewer side effects than earlier
negative-feedback effect on the pituitary, which
against pregnancy if used correctly. It also dosages. However, the risk of heart attack or
prevents the large increase in LH and FSH makes menstrual periods more regular and stroke increases in female users of oral
secretion that triggers ovulation. lighter as well as it decreases menstrual cramps contraceptives who smoke or who have history
and acne. Besides, it reduces the risk of of hypertension or coagulation disorders.
The mini pill is an oral contraceptive that developing ovarian and uterine cancers, pelvic
contains only synthetic progesterone. This inflammatory disease, ovarian cyst, and anemia. Moreover, the disadvantages of birth control
reduces and thickens the mucus of the cervix, are it does not provide STIs protection, needs
which prevents sperm cells from reaching the prescription and must keep in mind to take
oocyte. each day at the same time, unable to be used
by females using certain drugs or those with
The morning-after pills which are similar in specific medical conditions, and can
composition to birth control pills. Alternatively, occasionally lead to negative effects like
doubling the number of birth control pills after nauseousness, an increase in appetite,
sexual intercourse within 3 days and again after headaches, and, very rarely, blood clots.
12 more hours is recommended. The elevated
blood levels of estrogen and progesterone may
inhibit the increase in LH that causes ovulation,
alter the rate at which fertilized oocyte is
transported through the uterine tube to the uterus,
or inhibit implantation.
Skin Patch or Hormone/Contraceptive Patch
(Ortho-Evra) (Xulane) is an adhesive patch
containing synthetic estrogen and progesterone. It
is worn on the lower abdomen, buttocks, or upper
body. The patch prevents pregnancy by releasing
a daily dose of hormones into the bloodstream
through the skin. It also contains the same
hormones as the combined pill (estrogen and
progestogen) and works in the same way by
preventing the release of an egg each month
(ovulation). Likewise, it thickens cervical mucus,
which makes it more difficult for sperm to move or
pass through the cervix and thins the womb lining,
so a fertilized egg is less likely to be able to
implant itself.
Subdermal Implants or Hormonal/Contraceptive
Implants are devices that go under a woman's
skin and release a hormone progestin that
prevents pregnancy. The implant releases small
amounts of hormone (etonogestrel or
levonorgestrel) continuously. In which, the
hormone works on pituitary gland and prevents
ovulation as it tells ovaries not to release eggs. It
also makes the cervical mucus thicker which
makes it harder for sperm to get to any eggs that
are released as well as this implant causes a
decrease in endometrial growth.
This skin patch is very effective against
pregnancy if used correctly (99% effective), can
make periods more regular, lighter and less
painful and decreases menstrual cramps as well
as acne. This only need to remember to change
it once a week, it is very easy to use and does
not interrupt sexual activity. Since the stomach
doesn't absorb the patch's hormones, it still
functions even if the woman is sick (vomit) or
have diarrhea. Lastly, it may reduce the risk of
ovarian and uterine cancer, pelvic inflammatory
disease, ovarian cysts, and anemia.
For the subdermal Implants, the hormone
diffuses out slowly at a stable rate, providing
contraceptive effectiveness for 1-5 years (long-
lasting period). The period of protection depends
upon the specific progestin and the type of
polymer used. It is a reversible method as it is
withdrawable at any time, and the activity of the
ovaries quickly returns to normal. It is safe and
can be used during breastfeeding as well as
may cause light or no menstrual periods.
The disadvantages are it does not provide
protection against STIs, needs prescription and
increased risk of blood clots. It also cannot be
used by women with certain medical issues
and those taking specific medications.
Moreover, some women get mild temporary
side effects when they first start using the
patch such as headaches, sickness (nausea),
increased appetite, breast tenderness, mood
changes, bleeding between periods
(breakthrough bleeding) and spotting (very
light, irregular bleeding) in first few cycles of
using the patch.
The disadvantages of subdermal implants
are that it does not provide protection and
prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
and requires a quick procedure to put the tiny
rod(s) under the skin as well as in removing it.
It also can cause adverse effects associated
with hormones such as acne, hair loss, weight
gain, abdominal pain, nervousness, depression
and change in menstrual bleeding pattern due
to the cessation of menstrual periods
(amenorrhoea) as well as irregular bleeding
(spotting).

A male condom is a sheath made of animal Condoms alone provide 98% effective when The disadvantages of male condoms are
membrane, rubber, or plastic, such as latex. used correctly, 99% effective when used with that it can only be used once because every
When placed over the erect penis, a condom is a spermicide. Condoms can also provide some sexual encounter requires a fresh condom, and
barrier device because it collects the semen protection against sexually transmitted diseases. it must be replaced after use. Given that it
instead of allowing it to be released into the Furthermore, this is the contraception that offers must be put on right before penetration, sexual
vagina. the greatest level of protection against sexually activity may be interrupted. It can also
transmitted infections (latex condoms are best) sometimes break, rip, or tear as well as there
A vaginal condom (or female condom) also acts and can be purchased affordably without a are women who are allergic to latex which may
as a barrier. A woman can place the vaginal prescription at practically any drug shop as well have problems using condoms made of that
condom into the vagina before sexual intercourse. as allow males to actively participate in material.
 Also, female condoms have rims on both ends. preventing pregnancy. Additionally, the female condoms often are
To use one, insert the end with a closed rim as far more expensive and less commonly accessible
within the vagina as possible, then let the openFemale condoms are 95% effective, using than male condoms. It also may split or tear if
end cover the front of the vagina. When having aspermicide further increases their effectiveness. not used properly, may move or be
sexual intercourse, the man’s penis enters the This also provide protection against STIs and uncomfortable for women when putting in the
vagina through the condom tube in which keeps pregnancy as well as it can be inserted far in condom. Moreover, a potential urinary tract
the sperm out of uterus (womb), which prevents advance before any sexual intercourse, infection (UTI) may develop if the condom is
women from getting pregnant. minimizing disruption of sexual activity. In left in for an extended period of time.
contrast to using a male condom, the man does
Additionally, methods to prevent sperm from not have to immediately withdraw after Both diaphragms and cervical caps does not
reaching the oocyte once they are in the vagina ejaculation. provide protection and prevent STIs as well as
include diaphragm, cervical cap, and a vaginal it need to be fitted by a health care provider
sponge. The diaphragm and the cervical cap are Diaphragms are 94% effective, whereas and need a prescription. Both also can cause
flexible latex domes that are placed over the cervical caps effectiveness ranges from 71% in increased urinary tract infections and may
cervix within the vagina, where they prevent a woman who has previously been pregnant to move out of place during sexual intercourse.
sperm cells from passing the vagina through the 86% in a woman who has never been pregnant.
cervical canal of the uterus.

Intrauterine devices (IUDS) are inserted into the
uterus through the cervix. Among the types of
IUDs are the copper-containing ParaGard and the
progestin hormone-coated Mirena. In which, the
ParaGard may be left in place for 12 years,
whereas the Mirena may be left in place for 5
years. Both types of IUDs thicken cervical mucus,
which bars sperm from entering the uterus.
IUDs are 99.9% effective in preventing
pregnancy and some women stop ovulating
when they have an IUD implanted. This is very
effective against pregnancy as it protects as
soon as inserted and last a long time. They are
mostly hassle-free as once it has been inserted,
it does not need daily attention. The
levonorgestrel IUD (Mirena®) lessens menstrual
flow and can be used to treat heavy periods.
The disadvantages of IUDs are both types do
not provide protection against STIs and that
other methods (condoms) should be
considered if high risk for STIs. It also must be
inserted by a medical professional, cannot be
administered to people who have known
uterine abnormalities and have an increased
risk of infection in the first 20 days following
implantation as well as it can fall out or very
rarely be able to pierce the uterus. Lastly, the
copper IUDs can have dire effects which
includes spotting between periods, heavier
and/or longer menstrual periods, and
menstrual cramping.

Surgical Methods A common method of permanent birth control in
females is tubal ligation, in which the uterine or
 Bilateral fallopian tubes are tied and cut or clamped by
Tubal means of an incision through the wall of the
Ligation abdomen. This procedure closes off the path
 Vasectomy between the sperm cells and the oocyte
preventing pregnancy. Commonly, a technique
called laparoscopy is used, in which an
Bilateral Tubal Ligation is very effective
against pregnancy and a one-time decision that
will provide protection against pregnancy
almost- but not quite- 100% effective. This may
also decrease the risk of developing ovarian
cancer, especially if the fallopian tubes are
removed.
The disadvantages of tubal ligation are that
women must have undergo minor surgery and
it can be quite expensive as well as it does not
provide protection against STDs. There is also
a slight risk of becoming pregnant after tubal
ligation, which can happen if the tubes grow
back together (an extremely unusual event
with a 0.5% "failure rate"). As with any
 instrument is inserted into the abdomen through a Vasectomy is more than 99% effective at procedure, tubal ligation can have some risks
small incision, so that only small openings need to preventing pregnancy. As such a small volume which include infection, bleeding, side effects
be made to perform the operation. of ejaculate comes from the testis and caused by anesthesia, and may damage other
epididymis, vasectomy has a little effect on the organs or major blood vessels.
Meanwhile, vasectomy is a common method volume of ejaculated semen as well as only 1–4
used to render males permanently infertile without in 1000 surgeries of this type fail. This Likewise, vasectomy does not provide
affecting the performance of the sex act. It is a procedure also won’t affect a man’s testosterone protection against STDs and contraception
procedure in which the ductus deferens from each level, erections, climaxes, sex drive, or any must still be used after the procedure until
testis is cut and tied off within the scrotal sac. This other part of their sex life. Besides, it is less tests reveal the semen is sperm-free as well as
procedure prevents sperm from passing through likely to cause problems than a woman having pregnancy is possible if the vas deferens tubes
the ductus deferens and becoming part of the her tubes tied (tubal ligation) and is less reconnect, but this is very rare. There are also
ejaculate. expensive. possible complications which include a
collection of blood inside the scrotum
(haematoma), hard lumps called sperm
granulomas (caused by sperm leaking from the
tubes), or long-term testicle pain and infection.

Abstinence Abstinence or simply refraining from any sexual
intercourse. Complete abstinence means avoiding
all types of intimate sexual contact which include
vaginal, oral, and anal sex. Abstinence prevents
pregnancy by preventing the entry of semen into
the vagina. If there was no sexual activity, a
sperm cannot fertilize an egg.
Abstinence is 100% effective in preventing
pregnancy when it is practiced consistently. This
is also free and provide protection against any
sexually transmitted infections, including
HIV/AIDS, if there is no oral, anal, or vaginal
contact of any kind. There are no medical or
hormonal side effects compared to other form of
birth control method, as well as this encourages
people to build relationship and express
intimacy in other ways.
It is not an effective method when used only
occasionally. Pregnancy is still possible - even
without penetration - if there is semen on or
near to the vagina. The decision to choose
abstinence does not eliminate the desire for
sexual activity as many people may find it
difficult to maintain abstinence over the long
term. There are chances that people
committed to abstinence may change their
mind if in the “heat of a moment” and may not
be prepared to protect themselves from
pregnancy as well as STIs.

Resource author: DrResource

https://www.tes.com/en-us/teaching-resource/contraceptive-methods-advantages-and-disadvantages-11787929