Salt Analysi ee Experiment Observation Inference 1)_Preliminary Tests ight Green May be Fe™ Salt. Tight Pink May be Mn" Salt 1) | Colour: Greenish May be Ni? Salt ink May be Co™ Sal. Colourless ‘Absence of the above salts. 2)_| Physical state: Crystalline7Amorphous ‘White sublimate is formed May be NA salt Reddish brown vapours are evolved. | May be NO3 salt. Action of heat: Crackling sound is observed. May be Pb" salt. 3) | Apinch of salt is taken ina dry | Water drops are formed along the inner | May be hydrated salt. test tube & heated strongly. walls of the test tube. ‘Yellow when hot & while when cok, | May be Zn sal. Characteristic vinegar ike smell May be CHsCOO sal Vasxden Brick red flame May be Ca" salt i ‘Apple green flame May be Ba” salt ay] Apaste ofthe sal with ComHC! [Crimson red flame May be Sr? salt — en Green flashes May be Zn™ sal No characteristic Name observed Absence of the above sas 2) Identification of Anion G Colourless & Odourless Gas of Cn 8 | COs may be present. evolved with brisk effervescence which fiesta austen patsou te Bung splinter & us ine 1) |The gbinch of sak inadry test iy Colourless vapours of CHsCOOH | CHiCOO™ may be present. with vinegar smell are evolved, which tums bhic litmus red (iiNo characteristic reaction CO & CHCOO [Absent] (i) Colourless ens with pungent smell | CI may be present. (HC) is evolved. It produced white ie von th dense fumes when a glass rod dipped in Test wth Con-Htss0 NILOH is placed a the mouth ee 2) | Take a small quantity ofthe satt in | Ni dy test tube & add Con.H:SO (iy Reddish brown vapours with pungent | BY may be present smell are evolved. (ii) No characteristic reaction. CER BF ions are absent. “Test with BaCh: ‘White erystalline precipitate of barium — | SOy? may be present. 3) | To the salt solution add BaCh | sulphate is formed, solution ‘No precipitate s formed SO? w absent Test with Conss0s tno, | Reds brown vapours oFNO: ‘NOx may be present bs a ee eao een Reis Brown vapours oT NOvae not [NO¥ absent 4) Test with Cu turnings & Deep reddish brown vapours of NO2 are | NOy may be present Con HzSO4: ‘Take a small quantity of the salt in atest tube, add a few Cu turnings, add Con, H:SOs & heat strongh evolved & the solution turns pale blue. No reddish brown vapours are evolved. NOp is absent,Confirmatory test for Anion ‘Confirmatory test for Cr ion “Test with MnO2 & Con.H2S0«: ‘Take a small quantity of the salt in a test tube, add MnO:, ‘Con.HaSOs & heat. Greenish yellow gas of chlorine with pungent smell is evolved which turns moist starch iodide paper blue. CF is confirmed. “Take salt solution & acidily it ‘A white curdy precipitate of AgCl is Cis confirmed. 2) | with dil. HNO; & add AgNO | formed whichis soluble in NH.OH, solution. 2. Confirmatory test for Br ion Test with MnO: & Reddish brown vapours of Br with | Br is confirmed. 1) | Con-thSOs: pungent smell are evolved which turns Take a pinch of salt ina test | starch paper yellow. tube, add MnO» & Con.H:S0s “Take salt solution & acidify it | Pale yellow precipitate of AgBr is Br is confirmed, 2) _| with dil HNO; & add AgNO; _| formed which is partially soluble in solution. NHLOH. 3._Confirmatory test for NOe Brown ring test: ‘A dark brown ring is formed at the | NOs is confirmed Take the sat solution ina test | junction of the two layers. tube & add freshly prepared 1) _| FeSO, solution in excess To this Con.HsS0s is added slowly along the sides of the test tube in an inclined position. 4. Confirmatory test for COs “Test with BaCh: ‘A white precipitate of barium carbonate | CO;* is confirmed. 1) | Take the sat solution ina test | (BaCOs) is formed. This precipitate is tube & add BaCl solution. __| soluble in di HCL 'S._Confirmatory tests for CHs\COO™ ‘Test with neutral FeClysol: | Deep in red colour solution is formed. | CHyCOO >is confirmed, 1 _ | Take the solution in test tube, add neutral FeCl sol & boil the above solution in water bath, Esterification: Pleasant fruity odour (CilIyOs, ethyl | CHyCOO is confirmed Take a pinch of salt in atest | acetate) is observed. 2) _| tube, add C:Hs0, Con. H2S0., heat the contents & pour into a beaker containing 0. 6_Confirmatory test for SOs To the salt solution add BaCh | White erystalline precipitate of BaSO, | SO" is confirmed. 1) {solution is formed, The solubility of the precipitate is tested in ConHel ‘The precipitate is insoluble in Con.Hel4) Identification of Cation © Analysis of NH" ‘Take a pinch of salt in a test tube, ‘add NaOH & heat. Colourless gas with characteristic NEL" smell is evolved, which gives white dense fumes when a glass rod dipped in Con.HCl is brought near the mouth of the test tube. NH" may be present. NH" gas is not evolved, NHS is absent + Confirmatory test for NH" To the salt solution add K2Hgls (Nessler’s reagent/Potassium mercuric iodide). Reddish brown precipitate (NEbHgOHg!, lodide of Millions, base) is formed. NH¢* is confirmed. Preparation of original solution ‘The salt is dissolved in H2O/ di HCI Clear & transparent solution is It is original solution.(O.S) solvent. formed 1. Analysis of Group —1 wi ate is forme 1) | Tothe OS add dilHCL No white precipitate is formed. 2._Analysis of Group — IIT To the O.S add solid NH,CI, excess White gelatinous precipitate is formed. Group-IIl (AT) is present of NHAOH. No precipitate is formed. Group-IIl is absent. “Analysis of Group —V_ To the O.S add solid NH,Cl, excess of NH\OH & (NH4)2COs solution, White precipitate is formed, Group - V Cations are present (May be Ba’? or Ca" or Sr) ‘White precipitate is not formed Group - V Cations are absent 4._Analysis of Group — VI 1p | othe OS add NHsCL NHLOH & ] White precipitate is formed Mg" may be present NasPO. 5)_Confirmatory tests for Cation 1. Confirmatory tests for Pb [Group-I] Dissolve the precipitate in hot water & divide it into two parts, i) | To the I" part add KsCrO, solution. Yellow precipitate is formed which dissolves in NaOH solution. Pb” is confirmed, Yellow precipitate is formed which fi) | To the 2" part add KI solution. dissolves in hot water & on cooling | Pb’? is confirmed. the solution forms golden spangles. 2._Confirmatory test for AT [Group III] White gelatinous precipitate is formed, |, 1) | To the O.S add NaOH solution. ehith ec mhuble hace atNean * (Al econticmed. 3._Confirmatory test for Zn” [Group IV] 1) | To the O.$ add NaOH solution. ‘White precipitate is formed, which is | 7412 is confirmed. soluble in excess of NaOH. 4. Confirmatory tests for Ba”, Ca®* & Sr”? [Group -V| Yellow precipitate (BaCiO.) ‘ 1) [Tote OS add K:Cr0. solution. [formed whith is soluble in Con tiC1_| Bis confirmed ‘Yellow colour is formed. Cais confirmed. To the OS add (NHi):S0s solution 2) | & warm it. Seratch the inner sides of | White precipitate is formed. Sr'*is confirmed. the test tube with a glass rod. 5. _Confirmatory test for Mg’? [Group V1) To the O.S add (NH4):COs solution White precipitate is formed which is soluble in NH4Cl solution Mg’? is confirmed.