INTRODUCTION ay MODULE 2y THE WAY WELIVE ES MODULE © ALLINTHE MIND 52 MODULE MOTHER NATURE « | pile} eitpe ©) rrenonc now Edgy GLOSSARY 36 ‘SPELLING APPENDIX 100 IRREGULAR VERB LIST 102VOCABULARY Food and Nutrition baked —aredo/a, hare frozen ~congeladeva, helade‘a salty ~sofadela carbohydrates hidrates decartona,carbohidratss healthy sano’ scludable sour —omargnva, dcro/a, agriova cooked ~ cocina mineral - mineral sweat ~uice fat—grosa Protein= proteina’s {tasty ~ sabrosa/a cpettasa,ricoro fresh —freeala raw = cudora ‘vitamin= wiamina fried — tala GD lige la respuesta correcta, BB) Retaciona estas polabras con su definicén, 1 Lovell raw potatoes with cheese. 1 elbow a Thisis under your mouth. 2. Fruit salad is salty / tasty 2 tee You think with this. 3 Oranges have got mineral / vitamin C. 3 chin This is between your wrist and 44 Butter and oil are fats / fresh. 4 brain your shoulder, 5 Eat eggs for protein / carbohydrates. 5 intestines. —-d_ Yourfood goes into these & You should always cat cooked / healthy food. © There are ten of these on your fee 7 love fried / frozen yoghurt with sweet sour chocolate. Health bandage ~venda headache dolordeeateza Parts of the Body bites picedura:mordedura im pain con dolores akle_toblo iments, ene blood = sangre sneeze estornudar bback—espatily knee rodilla. ‘old = resid caterro tablet —pestilo; comprimido bone—hueo lungs —pulmones ough ser temperature -iebre eae? 2 aM CHAIN: lizzy = maseadora ‘upset stomach - esidmago ehin—berbila shoulder —hombro Ric gipe ‘enh elbow—codo tee dado des pie ‘get better = mejorar heart corazén —wrlst—-muheco BB completa las frases.con las parejas de respuestas. 2D scribe las partes del cuerpo sobre las cee bite /getbetter | unsetstomoctritr| dizzy blood cold cough | inpain/ bondage ea 13 1 Jane had an___upsetstomach__ yesterday. She hopes shevsrt geting fa 2 Toms seme, bute hs stl gor abad 2 Tha dog “wat verypainfl ard ittooks tong ume to. cee 4 The euton mylegyas sll and wast yar puta on the cut. 5 Carte fets wen she sees ET CMe ity)1B) busca cinco palabras, Luego completa las bison iki, C "CRD eecanag 2, 1 It’shard for Rosie to study because she’s got a. feadache 2 Rave has gota. 0f 385° 3 mallergic to these flowers and they're making me 4 Ask thedactor to give yousome ‘your upset stomach. 5 I've cut my finger. Have you got a. a for Adjectives amusing ~entetenidova; messy desordenadara sdvertidole, gracicsofa nasty -desogradable ‘ancient - antiguo‘a cheerful alegre, joviat neat -fimpio‘ay ardenadaya ‘ordinary — normal, corrente courageous valente peaceful tranguitva disgusting asquerasa’a, proud- orgullosore repugnant ridiculous rcieuto“a, giant enorme, gigantesea/a —absurdova hopeful -opuimista, selfish egoista eran. thrilling ~ ermacionante, imaginary - imaginariova ‘pasionante incredible ~incretie Aruthful - eras sincerafa IBF isi estos adjetivos tienen una connetacién positiva (P) onegativa (N). P 1 amusing 6 incredible —2 proud 7 selfish 3 nasty — 8 thrling _— 4 trathful 9 courageous 5 pesceful 10 disgusting BB lige aqjetivo correcto. 1 Increcibte imaginary /Chesrfal people ae usually happy. 2 The characters in that ily film made me laugh because they were sonasty/Hlewlous/thiling. 3 Sarah is hopeful / peaceful ordinary thether exam marks willbe good. 4 Theimaginary/ ancient / ordinary monument was aver 1,000 years old 55 Johnny's room was very neat / messy [giant —allhis books werein thei place Sport bat bate pitch ~ corpo (deporte) beat ganara score marcar,endvar; champion-campedniona — meter {galt court-cancho,pista shoot - trar;marcar (go) goalkeeper portera/a swimming pool siscina lifeguard - socorrista ‘work out —hacer ejercicio net red IB) ctasitica tas palabras y expresiones comectamente. workt"l score | gaslleeper | court | net | beat swimming pool | bat | shoot | champion lifeguard | pitch _morkoutGRAMMAR ‘work at the café tice week. Present Serle} ‘Tana en la cafeteria dos weces ala semana. [am working atthe calé 21 he wament, Present Cantinonus) Estoy nabajanco en fa cateteria an oste momento. Nose sucle usr el Present Confincus-con os verbs: esttions: f Vseeitnow. x Teresstiag tame. ARO [FL completa tas frases con|os verlsos entre parcntests. Usa el Present Simple o el Present Continuous. 1 Theteacher. .¢xPlaining... explain) the maths problem right now. 21 «on (no understand) your question. 2 How'many times aday you none (rush) your teed 4 Ben always vow wall to school sypoe (watch) TV atthemoment? you El Past Simple s# usa para habiar de acciones pasadas aque yahan terminado. ‘Afiematve: worked yo rable Negatve: ——_e-din't work Aino raved Interogotve: id ey work? Bless Wwatajran? Yes, cid. /No, Lada’, Yes, they did. Ho, ney did't est right week’ yea yostery, nthe pas. anal. ek ‘SeeeENONE RRC [DD Excribe frases con estas palabras. Usa el Past Simple. 11 we/ play / basketball Test Thursday ‘Wepployed basketbal last Thursday. snnmee = 2 when /you / ge /bowling / with Tony /? 3 |/motenjoy /themecal atthe restaurant / yesterday / “4 David J win/ 3 dance competion /@ month #g0 / 5 it/stop/raining fan houragoy. I £1 Past Continuous se usa para hablardeacciones prolongadas y simultneas en el pasado, ‘iatve: was working yo estaba (ranajando ‘hey mere working ets ae estaban vabajando Negev: AwastP'tworking —_yo.n0 estaba frbajando ‘ey weren't working siaslss no estaban lrabeianco Interogatne: Wastworking? ci estana wabujand? Were they working? a THEBODY _ ankle temperature upset stomachContraste Present Simple / Present Continuous © Present Simple expresa habitos y el Present Continuous indica lo que-esté ocurtiende mientras :# habla. {always eat sh but tay "meating meat {Siempre como pescada, pero huy estoy comienda came) Lo: verbos estdtices se refieren a estadas en lugar dea acciones, porlo.que se suelen utilizar con el Present Simple. think thisis an ugly place. (Creo queeste sun lugar feo.) €l Present Simple se refer al futuro cvandova con hevaries 0 srogramas. | Present Cantinucus, si va.con expresiones ‘temporales de futuro, s¢ refier¢ a planes concretas fijades de antamano. Thetrain eaves at2pn.{El ren sale alas 1400) Susan is coming later. (Susan viene / vendré luego) El Past Simple Expresa acciones pasadas y sirve para decir qué se hizoen un mamanto.conicrete, para cantar acciones pasadas cansecutivas 0 pata hablar de eémo eran las cosas en ato tego, + Aflemativa:sujeto + verbo en participio,es decir acebado ened en el caso de los reguiares, que e¢ igual en todas las: personas (ver Speling Append, 4g. 100). Los verbs iregulares hhay que aprenderios de memoria (ver igs, 102-103). + Negativa: sujeto + did mat o didn’t + verbo en forma base. + Interragativa: Did + sujeto + verbaen forma base. ~ Respuestas breves: pronambre personal sujeto | did o didn't. Se suslen usar estas expresiones temporales-las que lean ego (have) al final de Is expresioni last night (anoche), at + una hora. on = un dia fecha. in-+un aho, inthe past (en el pasate), yesterday ayer), etc. Suelen ir al final de ls frase. Did you wisit Kote yesterday? Yes, |i. visited her, but Idida’ttake her a present. (jVisitaste a Kate ayer? Si, La visite, ero Me Ie lhevé un regalo.) El Past Continuous Expresaacciones que estaban ocurriendo en el pasado. En traces unidas por while o as, describe dos o mas acciones simulténces. + Afirmativa: sujeto + was / were + verbo en ing (ver Spelling Appendix, pag. 100), ~Negativa:sujeta + was /were + nat n't +vetbo en-Ing. interrogativa: Was /Were | sujew + verboen ing ~Respuestas breves: pronombre personal sujeto + was were o wasn't weren't. Se-suelen usar estas expresiones temporales las quellevan ago (hace) al final de la expresion, af + una hora, yesterday morning | afternaon (ayer par la mariana / tarde), lastnight (anache}, ete. Suelen ir al final de la frase. Were you studying? No, [wasn't | wasn't studying. [was ‘having breakfast, (;Estabas estudianda? Na. No estaba estudiando. Estaba desayunando,) El Present Perfect Simple Sirve para hablar de acciones que empezaron en el pasado y ain contindan lleva for o since y se suele taducir en presente), acciones pasadas que afectan al presente, acciones pasadas sin especiicareulna scurieron y aeciones muy recientes (Neva just y se traduce por“acabar de”+ infinitive). + Afirmativa: sujeto | have / hes + veibo.en partcipio (ver Spelling Appendix, p89, 100, y verbos iregulares, pigs. 102-103). + Negativa: sujeto + have/ has + not on‘t + verbo en participio. + Interrogative: Have / Has 1 sujeto + verbo en participi. + Respuestas breves: pronombre personal sujeto+ have / haso. haven't ‘hasn't. ‘Se-suelen usar catas expresiones y adverbios: just, ever, never, already y always se ponen entre el ausilist have y el participa, yet se coloca al final:for va sequido de-un perioda ce tiempey since, det imemento en que empezd la accién; recently, lately y so far suelen ir alfnal de frase, aunqu también pueden ial principio. Have they discovered anything recently? No, they haven't. They haven't discovered anything nev, although they have searched the whole area, ;blan descubierto algo recientemente? No, No hats descubiesto nada nuevo, aunque han buscaco per toda la zona.) El futuro con be going to ‘Significa ir2"+ infinitive. Sivve para hablar de intenciones, planes o decisioncs y para decirlo queva asuceder porque se ven indicios. + Aftersativas sujeto-+ ant is/are + going ta + verbo en forma base. + Negativa: sujeto + am is/are + note n't + gaing to + verbo en ‘forma base, + interrogativa: Am /s/ re | sujets + going te + verbo en forma base. + Respuestas breves: pronambre personal sujeto +am Ji /areo ‘m not fisn't/ aren't [5 she going to meet him athe gyms No, she isn't. She fant going tomeet him there, he's going to meet himat the shop. (Ella va z quedar con é! en el gimnasio? No. Ella no va a quedar con élallt.Vaa quedar con él en la tienda) El futuro con will Sirve pare anunciar accioneso hechos futures, hacer predieciones y cexpresar decisiones repentinas, =~ Afirmativar sujeto + will (If) verbo en fora base. = Negativa: sujeta + will not o worrt + verbo en forma base. + Interrogativa: WIll+ sujeto + verbo en forma base, + Respuestas breves: pronombre personal sujeto = wilfo wor, Con willy be going toe suelen usar estas expresiones temporales: Jater (mis tarde, luego}, seam (pronto), in an hour (dentra de una hhoral.next year(ol ano que viene /préxinse), inthe future (en el fituro}, etc Suelen ral final dela fase. Will you go with her leter? No, won't. Iwen't go with her. Mtge with hrm (rs con ella luego? No. No irécon ella. ré con 6) gVOCABULARY Environment ban -prohibir Global warming colentamiento global source —fente,crigen bringbacktolife-cevolveralavide landscape -poiseje take action ~acrusr;tomar medidas cause causa, provacar raise money - ecauder dinero threat amenaza destruction —destruccidn:destrozos restore ~restourar wildlife -fiowyfouna expose ~exponer 1 compieta las palabrasy expresiones que hay 1B) completa el crucigrama con ayuda de estas. debajo de las imagenes. pistas. Reross 3 prohibit 4 dleanand repair 6 origin Down 11 animals and plants in nature 2 make something happen. 5 danger 1 q 2 O ees BB sige ta respuesta correcta 7 5 ae] 1 Look at the hills and the trees! wantto take 5 42 picture ofthis beautifulfandscape/ destruction. e ll 2. Did you find the souree / threat of the smell? : — | ‘Where did it come from? - 3 Letssell shirts totake action /ralse money for © fom) our oxganisation. z 44 The news teport exposed / caused the truth about Se the fire. 5 This bird is nearly dead! We must ban it/ J bring itback tolife. 6 We must take action /restore to stop global warming. ©GRAMMAR ‘We haven't signed ‘No nemes firnaci a peticidn peition ed, todavia ‘Me sidatsign the patiion No fimmas la peti estveth semana pasada. DD atigeta respuesta correcta. 1. Mary(has ved) lived in this town since 2012. 2 Tworyears aga, the government has banned / banned plastic bagson this beach. 3 Tread / have read a book about wildlife in Madagascar last week, 4 The students already ralsed / have already raised £200 forthe animal organisation. 5 My ttiends went / have goneto.3 demonstiation last week, 6 Since the forest fire, weleamned / have learned about climate change at school. 7 This factory didn't stop / hasn't stopped making plastic botties yet. 8 Wetalked / have talked about global warming at school yesterday. BB ge ta respuesta correcta, 1 Mymum has... written to the mayor about the problem. @ies b ever € lastweek 2 Our cass hasn'tlearnt about necycting . a already ayearago —¢ yet 3 Bali airport became free of plastic bags a since2016 bin 7016 € for2016 4 Ive ... been abroad, a ever b never « last summer + decided to take action against pollution in our city. a Since Bb Ayearago —€ Ever 1B) compieta las frases con los verbos entre pardntesis. Usa el Present Perfect Simple el Past Simple. 11. watched (watch) an interesting wildlife programme lastnight. 2 Dad _--- [not repair) the garage door yet 3 Kim. _ (became) an ‘environmental activist in 2002. 4 Frank and Ed (not came) to the event yesterday. 5 Mr Mills = since 1998. 6 Thestorm i already / cause) the desttuction of many homes. 7 We —_----- (lake) photos of the beautiful landscape there last spring. at _— speak) te ervironmental activists about global warming recentiy. Escribe preguntas con estas palabras. Usa el Present Perfect Simple © el Past Simple. Luega contesta las preguntas de manera personal. 1 ise money /for your school see! money foryour school? Yes Lew. / Ma, Raver 2. your ciass/ leam,/ about/the environment /Tast year 43 you /already / finish / your science homework 4 you /help / your friend / yesterday© MODULE READING IB) Lee a pagina webs Luega completa las frases con estes niimeros. feat Ueee ae I'm sure you've heard of the Great Wall of China, but how about an 8,000-kilometre-long wall made of frees and plants? h's called the Great Green Wall and it's going to ‘cross the entire continent of Africa. Heme | NEWS. | Mope | Piero | Gly | FAQ | Linke 5 My name is Amadou and I'm from Senegal, south of the ‘Sahara Desert. Long ago, the land here was ferfile and there were many trees and birds. But because of climate change, the trees have died and the earth has turned to dry sand. Nothing grows, 80 hunger is a constant threat 1 In 2007, 11 countries in the region decided to take action. By working together to planta “wall” of millions of trees, We hoped to bring the land back to life. It seemed like a fantasy atthe time, buts very real. In fact, here in Senegal, we've already planted aver 11 milion treest | Because of the trees, there is more humidity in the air, so the water sources have improved. My mother and the other village women can new grow vagelable gardens, so weve: finally got enough food. Wildlife that no one has seen for 50 years has returned, foo! 2n The Great Green Wallis also helping us in other ways. Because of the temibie situation here, many young men have migrated to Europe to find work. In 16 now, but I'm ‘not planning to loave. My friends and I, along with thousands of others, have jobs planting trees for the wall. °* The Great Groen Wall has brought new hope to ‘our country. 16 | 2007 | 11 Laee! 50 1 The Great Green Wallis going to be 2.202 kilometres long, 2. Fleven African countries decided to work together in 3 People in Senegal have already planted million trees. 44 People haven't seen the wildlife for 5 Amadou is. yeats ale. __ years, Sefala (/)silas frases son verdaderas(T) 9 falsas (F). weer 1 The Great GreenWiallis going togo. || across China. leaks | 2 Inthe pas, there were many trees ‘and birds in Senegal | 3 The Great Groen Wallseemed like | sfantany at frst. | | 4@ Amadou's mother can grow |” vegetablesno 5 Amadou wants tolleave Senegal LISTENING HO) > Escucha una conversacién relacionada con lacontaminacién. zLe pide John a Karen firmar st peticién? Gl > vuelve aescucharla conversaciony elige la respuesta correcta, 1 John volunteers at @ngnvironment centre) awildlife reserve. 2 Walton's is the name of a café restaurant 3. Birds, fish and turties died from eating bad food / plastic. 4 Karen thinks i's fun / important to érink with astra, 5 Americans use hundreds / millions of stravesa day. 6 Last month, Starfish Restaurant decided to use/ ban plastic strawsVOCABULARY History accomplishment logro knowledge ~conocimientors army-ejercto last curar decline - descensa,disminucién development desarrolle ‘government ~ gobiesno lead to evar /conducira major muy importante BD aiige a respuents correcta para completar las fares, 1 Afterthe king had died, anew king played role / ook cantradjof the country 2. Frank used his trade/ knowledge of technology to build the robot. 3 Dayou know what caused the army / decline of the Boman Empire? 4 The war between England and France lasted / led to 116 years. 5 Around 12,000 years ago, the development / government of agriculture changed the way people lived. BB) ciige ia respuesta correcta para demostrar que entiendes el significado de las palabras en negrita. 1 When samething is widely believed, some /(an)) people think it’s true. 2 Ifthere is a mafor event, it's something very important / funey. 3 Most schools / countrieshave got an army. 4 Ifamevent takes place in a lacation,it happens / ends there, 5 When there is adediinein the population, the number af people goes up / down, 6 When someone plays arole in an event, they are partof don't know what happens. TB) Retaciona las palabras de A con su significada de B. SN a a decline |2 playarole | 3 wade [a covemment | ~-2 buying and set | ee 1b decrease | —€ leaders ofacountry | (4 beapartot } take control hacerseconel contro! ‘take place -reneriugar ‘trade comercio widely believed — que mucha genceloerse play arole~ desemperiar un papel LISTENING TB cseucha ta primera parte de una conversacién sobre una serie de television. Elige la respuesta corracta. 1 Brandon knows / doesn’t know who Kennedy was, 2 Many people think the world isa better / worse place because Kennedy died BB] 9) ahora escucha la sequnda parte dela conversacién y sehala (¢) sas frases son verdaderas (1) ofalsas (F)- | 1 Brandon likes stories about time travel. 17 aecausaof lake, Kennedys ted i + Jake learns that its important to change history. | and ehappy he knw the endef he sony. DB) 2) Escucha un podcast sobre viajesen el tiempo. 2Con qué viajaen el tempo el personaje de Doctor Who? Rodea la respuesta correcta. a time machina /a spaceshipREADING BD Lee clarticuloyy ordena las frases correctamente. | The Bug That | Changed History IF YOU'RE EATING SOMETHING PINK OR RED, WATCH OUT! The colour of your food may came from dead insects. Even Starbucks used to put insects in their strawberry freppuccinos, until shocked customers discovered this and protested. They sigs't realise the tiny bug in their drinks was the cochineal, an insect that changed history. © MODULE Medieval Europeans were experts at dyeing cloth, but they had never produced a red dye that > was both vibrant and lasted a long line, Red clothing was 2 syimbol af money and power, and was only wom by kings and cardinals, That's why the Spanish were amazed when they arrived in Mexico in the early 1500s and faund many Aztecs wearing bright red clothes. Aftor thay had discovered that the source of the Aztecs’ dye was a tiny insoct called the ‘eochineal, the Spanish brought the dye ta Europe. It quickly beeame a fashion status symbol, ‘and was latze widely used ue a food eslouring. The cochineal ade played a major role in ‘making Spein the largest end richest empire efits time. ‘When synthetic dyes were developed in the 1880s, brighl red became easy to produce, leading to the decline of the cochineal trade. This also meant red clothes were no longer ‘considered special. 4s But exchineal is still used as @ fgod colouring. Any time you soe an ingredients list wrth ‘cochineal extract or natural red 4, you ean be sure there are litle insects insire. It seems disgusting, but dan't forge! thal syathelic fod dyes are made of dangerous chemicals lke petroleum. Compared with that, bugs might even sound appetising! 2 ied became a fashion status symbol. BBA senata () si las trases son verdaderas (1) 0 falsas (F) bb Synthetic dyes were developed. The Spanish arived in Mexica, 1 the cochineal isan insect 2 InMediewal Europe, red clothing was asymbol of money, a Ried clothes stopped being special © The Spanish brought the red dye to Europe. [eee | 3 The Spanish were angry when they saw the Aztecs. | @ Because of the cachineal trade, Spain became | very rich [5 Synthetic food dyes are made of bugs.GRAMMAR El Past Perfect Simple se usa para indicar que una acei6n ocurrié antes que otra en el pasadao antesde un momento concreta del pasado. ‘nad ston yo habia estas ‘she had studied als rab esta Peyradstucied —_—_afiiae Rabin esturtanD (hadnt stuied ‘yoo habia extuasio ‘she tadn'tsindied alls nohais estar Geyhadr'tstudied ——sii/as novanian estado adisinies? cobb esrtas? | Had she studied? Elta habia estudiada? ‘Had ney studied? 2Blloséas habian estadiada? Es Ie Na, lad" Yes, she had. / Na, she hadi fies (Sete afte as soon as, already, by the time, ul when, yet ea WD completa las frases con los verbs entve paréntesis, Usa ol Past Perfect Simple en afirmativao negativa. 11 Bythetime Eric was five years old, he had lived____(ive) in four different countries. 2 [couldnt believe that she (not watch) the film before. 3 Omarwasn‘t happy that the game _--—-(take) place without him. 4 Riek knew that he (not play) 2 role in the company's decine. 5 Bill and Jay joned heamytogehern 9k BD scribe pregurtascon estas palabras. Usa el Past Perfect Simple. 1 you, travel /to Paris f before your trip Hod you mavelled to Paris before your trip? 2 how many/ books, he/ waite / by the age of 20 Imeet) before they 3. thestudents fever /leam / about the traderoute 4 the woman /finish / her invention / yet 5 they/alresdy /lose/ theirbags ‘Cuando s¢ habla de una accion que ocumrié antes que otra en ol pasado, se usa el Past Perfect Simple F Para referirsea la accién que ocurté primero y cl Past Simple para referirse a la que ocurrio después, By Me time the war ended, millions of people had died. ‘Para cuanc ke guerra acabé, milones de pessanas hstian musrio, ‘Malinns of people had died by the te the war ended. _flones de personas hatian mueria para cuando fe guerra cab FD) lige ta respuesta correcta. 1 Worldwarll.n1938.fter Germany had invaded Poland. @eevan bb had begun 2 The men were rich because they... an amazing machine. & had invented Bb invented 3. By the time Anne arrived, Lynne _ the project. a already finished b had already finished 4 The war ad lasted many years, butt finaly a ended b had ended 3 The Titanic sunkafterit aniceberg. ah B had hit ‘Completa las frases con los verbos entre paréntesis. Usa el Past Perfect Simple o el Past Simple. 1 Hed you WW) know) about time travel before you sav the film? 2. After the war had ended, my parents {g9) to Switzerland. 31 (interview) my grandparents before Lwrote my history project, 4 he by the time you arrived heriie? 5. Dan discovered thathis grandmother ~-[be) in the army. (hear) the news SVOCABULARY Transport long-distance-delerga.tistancia; —ship— enviar ‘capable of - caparde de largo recomrido ‘time-consuming - que requiere ‘come up with ~proponer, sugerir network red ‘mucho tempo getaround - moverse/desplararse(nor) reach —legara, akan car track -vie high-speed - de alta velocidad Fisky- aniesgado/a, pelgrescra hop on - subirtse) a run on ~ funcionarcon TH] Relaciona las palabras y expresiones de A con los BB] completatos didlogos con estasexpresiones. significades de B. hopon | time-consuming | runsen | capable of & B long-distance Ugsed eee _xepable ot _tavelling at high | 2 risky bb travel DN speeds? 3 ship. Le ven fast { Br Yes.It can go 400 kilometres an hour! 4 comeupwith arrive at 5 getaround — © dangerous ‘A Wil this job take a long-time? 6 reach F send B:No,itisnt jo |, 12) ordena tas letras con ayuda de las pistas. 3g) AsDogs this caruse petit? track © Bnoit electric batteries, ‘Ac My father just finished a cross-country bike race! Br Wow Has he dane ———eyeling before? Byoees a) ig) As Doyouwantto meet me atthe shopping centre? a busand be therein something a train moveson something that eonneets many different things not safe send boxes and packagesby sea getto a destination 1 2 3 4 5GRAMMAR Los pronembres reflexives (myselt, yourself, himself, herself, sel, ‘ourselves, yourselves y themselves) se usan cuanda el sujeto y el complemento de tuna frase coincide. Las pronombres reflexivos siempre funcionan como camplementa de la frase. rset - me, mimismo‘® yours 5,8 utr mista timset se, e/simima herself - 99, o/s mica ‘sot - 28, sfmismots casseles- nos, nosaresissmisestss ourselves - 0,5; vos / asics mnmasts themselves - se, elites! sols ‘She can make pasta by hers Puede acer sia els mis soe You and Tim can rake yourselves a snack Tim yi pods prepares msstos miss ontenpié — EEC TY ® retaciona las palabras de A conlos pronombres reflexives da. & 1 the robot 21 3 Danny 4 Mum andDad 5 you 6 Sueand! 7 my sister 8 youand your friend B a myself —b yourselves ¢ herselt _- d ourselves Te melt _# himself 9 yoursell _h themselves [Bt ligeel pronombre reflexive correcto en y cada frase. Presta atencién alas palabras reer 1 My little sister is too young to go on the bus irs sot 2 They asked us to go with them by taxi, but we pretenedto wal: by themselves ourselves, 3 What do you think of his skateboard? He painted tits himsel 4 My parents wouldn't give me any money for a bike, so bought it myself / itself, 5 They say this car drives themselves / itself, but iene 6 Amy, can't believe you were all alone and Cyeled rm London to lasgow by yourselves / yourself [IBY completa las frases con estos pronombres reflexive. herself | itself |_myset™| himself | ourselves themselves 1 Loften go for a walk in the countryside by mye 2 Steven fiew by. time last week. 3 The boys booked the tickets online by forthe first 4 My sister is going to New York by “next month, 5 We bought these bicycles. : 6 The bike battery recharges inthe sunshine, .[7 complets tas preguntas con el pronombre reflexive correcto. Presta atencién a las palabras subrayadas. 1 Die you build thistable._yourselh 2 How did Andrew moveallthisfuriture by? 3 Cando the project by 44 What can wedoto protect. 5 id thiz tae fall down by 6. id you and yout brather clean the entire house... 2 BI Relaciona A con By completa las frases de B con el pronombre reflexive correcto. a \ | 1 Paul paid forthe book with bis money. | 2 You and ie didht have tunch with us 3 Rachel leamed French withautany help LISTENING 4. The children cooked. delicious meal, (Gh S) excucha un pédeast en el quese describe un |5 Llyand! ort need are tothe park Viaje en al tron mis rapido-del mundo, el Maglev. \ epee Ol {Qué velocidad maxima puede alcanzar el Maglev? Vf 8 150 kilometres an hour Se nen bb 500 kilometres an hour | = B Shermught — : | € over 600 kilometres an hour We got there by. 1d Heboughtit__Ameel_ HD > vucive aescuchar el podcast y seviala (si las eae. a frases son verdaderas (T) 0 falsas (F)- eae 1 The people on the Maglev were excited, | 2 The Maglev isn’t expected to run until 2027. | 3 The people on the train couldn't check | _ the speed themselves. | 4 Mostof the tracks under the ground. 5 The train reached its destination after 20 minutes. |_ 2 GETTING INFORMATION E> aa HAD ceny James vana Manchester enautobiis.Relaciona las preguntas de James con las respuestas de Ben. “Ten en cuenta que Ben da una respuesta extra, 1 What bus dowettake? 2 How often does it runt 3 How'long doesit take te got there? 4 Howmuchare the tickets? 5 Where does the bus leave from? iG) Mira o escucha el video y comprueba tus respuesta,WRITING Ls pate dene ts parte: nc, cue y ceferre. Cada wna tiene ume fmciGn. [Leet modelo. Relaciona cada parte con sufuncisn, 1 summarises the topic and gives conclusion 2 introduces the topic 3. gives details about the topic The Nightmare Ride UP eer marta os signa Merci yr tess, HB) corrige dos erraresten cada frase. 1 We stayed at a campsite lovely in yellowstone National Park. 2 Have you seen the flm aladdin. 3 Ted and pamela have brought soma bread chees and fruit. 4 Iwas wonderful really? 5. We celebrate always christmas with my grandiose (HB Lee varias frases de otra historia y corrige los err 1 we went up to the top of the empire state buildin We vent upto the top of the Eris Building, 2 itwas so exciting? 3 we stayed ata hotel fantastic. 4 We explored the city visited museums and ate at some restaurants grest.= CHECK F% VOCABULARY |B hetaciona A com & para formar expresiones, a 5 1 play @ money 2 global b distance 3 raise —€ speed 4 bong d ardle 5 high- warming IB) tlige ta respuesta correcta. 1 Jake dict come.up with / cause any ideas forthe project. 2 The 2016 Olympics took place /tookaction in Rio, 3 Weran on/ got around Paris using the Metro, 4 The only way to expose/ reach this remote island is by helicopter. 5 The winds caused a lot of destruction / accomplishment fa the trees. 4 Forest fires are a threat / landscape to many animals habiats, BB completa as frases con estas palabras. ban | risky | wildlife | capable of | lasted 1 Thesnovwstorm... 2 very lang storm! 2 This aeroplane is 3,000 kilometres an hour 3 Our local café has decided to. plastic straws and will no longer use them, alts to-limb this mountain alone. Yeushould gowith a group, 5 We love going to the safari perk and seeing all the Dy completa ias palabras al lado de Ias definiciones. 1 sleanand fix recites 2 information or understanding keene 3 something that trin tavelson 4 send something faraway 5 where something begins or comes from GRAMMAR TBD Completa las frases con los werbos entre paréintecis Ura el Present Perfect Simple. el Past Simpfe. 4 dered ——{go}t0 the history museum yesterday. 2 ———— they. (epeak) to the govemment worker yet? 3 Cindy never sss geo fly} on. an aeroplane before, 4 Theevet (take) place, a week ago, SSS (not study) Freneh singe June. 1G) cige arespuesta correcta, 11 When we found / had found my grandfather’ passport, We realised that he travelled / had travelled to over ‘50 countries. 2 Amy didn’t take / hadn't taken any pictures at ‘the event because she forget / had forgotten hercamera. 3 By thetime they reached /had reached their hotel, the dining roorn already closed / had already closed, 4 After the city restored / had restored the old cinema, everyone went,/ had gone there ta watch films. Zl comptetatas frases con estos pronombres reflexivos. ‘ourselves | himself | yourseit | herself | itself 1 Phils fther built this house 2. The music started playing by 3. My ssterand | cleaned the house 4 Youcan cook this meal. 5 Ellabroke aglass and cut :1) ccribe as palabras y expresiones entu idioma. 7 enpose __raisermoney sake action © ring backto life global warming restore ‘th use __ landscape source: destruction a ene ee | accomplishment bam decline | development eapable of hope reach ship come upwith long distance risky time-consuming get around track lthere'sa threat, something ‘good wil hay come up with an ocean 2 minuteEl Present Perfect Simple Sinve para hablarde acciones que empezaron en el pasadoy ain continian (lleva foro since y se suele traduci en presente) seciones pasadas que afectan al presente, acciones pasadassin especificar cuando ocurtierony seciones muy recientes lleva Jjasty se treduce por“acabar de"+ infinitive). + Afirmativa: ujeto = have / has + verbo en participio (wer Spelling Appendix. pig. 100, y verbosirtegulares, pags. 102 103). + Negativa: sujeto + have/ has + not n't + verbo en participa, + Interragativa: Have / Has + sujeto +-verbo en participic. + Respuestas breves: pronamire personal sujeto + have / ‘has 0 haven't hasn't Se suclen usar estas exprestones yadverbios: just, ever, sever, already y always se ponen entre el auxiar have yel paticipio:yer se coloea al final for vs tequide de un paride se tiempo. y since del momento en que empezé la accién; recently. lately y 50 far suclen ira final de la fase, aunque ‘ambien al prineipio. ‘Has she lived in France since 20102 No she hasn't She ‘hasn't lived in France gince 2070, She has lived there since 2012.(sHa vivloen Francia éesce 2010? No, Ne ha wide en Francia desde 2010. Ha vivido ai dasde 2012) Contraste Present Perfect Simple / Past Simple ELPresent Perfect Simple indica que lo ocurrido en el pasado ‘Suara relacién con el presente, sin especificar cudndo sucedi6. En cambio, e! Past Simple habla de seciones passe que ya no afectan al momento actual e indica cuando He has written many books. (Ha escrito muchos libros.) |areivedin Por yaseerdy (Liege 8 Pails ayer) El Past Perfect Simple ‘Se usa para indicar que una accién ocumiéantes que otra en el pasado. Esta ultima va en Put Simple + Afirmativa: sujeto + had | verbo en participic (ver Spelling Appendix, pig. 101. verbo itrequlares, pgs. 102 103). +Negativa:sujeto + had not o hadn't + verbo en participio. + Interrogativar Had + sujeta + verbo en participle. ‘+Respuestas brevast pronombre persanal sujeto + hado hadn't. Hac John read Romeo ancl ulet in 2018) No, head’ He hadn't read Romeo and Juliet in 2018, buthe had watched ‘the film, (John habia leide Romeay Julieta en 2018? No. No habia edo Romeayulieta en 2018, pera habia visto [a pelicula) Contraste Past Perfect Simple / Past Simple Fl Past Perfect Simple suele ir en oraciones acompantade de otro verbo que va en Fost Simple. La accibaen Past Perfect Siiplees anterior a la que esta er Pust Simple. Assoon ashe had arrived here, left. (Tan promto como! hubo llegade squi, yo me fi) Para explicar ef mativo per el que ueurris alge en ¢| paseda, se pone el verbo principal de la frase en Post Simpfey ia orseién subordinada introducida por because en Past Perfect Simple. Twas anxious because |had heard noises. (Estaba inguieta porque habia aldo ruidos.) ‘Cuando aparecen el Past Pertect Simple y el Past Simple en la misma frase, se sueien usar esias expresiones temporales y antes Hehad called the police before the thief broke in sents | pehadgientten tees | | tan prontocomo oe ey bytes! grace | Reema eres | hhadh’t finished the book when you last _| had already paid him a visi, ‘bul went to his house again ealled hirn 2* 19 po eid he hhadit arrived yet. 4 When you gatin your car, had itstarted snowing yet) Los pronombres reflexivos Los pronombres reflexivos imyself, yourself, himself hersei ‘itself, ourselves, yourselves y themselves) funcionan como complemento de ia frase yse utllzen cuando el sujulay el complemento de esta es a! misma, Shecnly trusts herself, {ila solo confia ens misma) Puedenit precedidos de una preposicin, Poul ves alone, so he always cooks for himself (Paul vivesolo,asiquesiempre cocina paras misma) También se usan para dar énfasis , en este caso, se llaman Pronombres enfaticos, Con esta funcion, swelen ir colocados al final dela oracion 0 juste después del sujete ye pueden ort sin que cambie el significado de la frase. Look at this sculpture! | made it (myself). (Mira esta escultura! La hice yo (misma) The president (himself was at the party. {El (propio / misma) presidente estaba en la fieste.) SVOCABULARY Verbs attach adjuntar(-somethingta: _—‘figureoutentendersencontrar__—_spill- errarar(se) verter) pponeraigeen) find out deseubriroveriguar turn (something) into ~ converte) ‘attempt — intentor operate ~mangjar {algo}en contain - contener: remove - quitar(se) warn - adverts, avisar fend up —terminar Hf) sustituye las palabrasennegritaporestos [scribe cada verbo junteal bocadillo verbos. correspondiente. tumsinto | figure out | operate spill | remove | wam | findeut | attach~ _semov| war | attempt 1 | take off my glasses before goto sleep. <9 There ave some great photor remove w= / with the e-mail that Bll sent: 1 ______ctachn 2 Water becomes ice at 0°C. 2 Dent ery to de this experiment yourself + Someone took the es dangerous! “EB 4 How ds you use this computer program? ante ii testes, 2 5 We must thinleof a vray to fix this ca Pow twalk through problem... \ / the park at wight alone! 3 6 The city uses sirens to tell poople when a tomade is coming, +. | Fvegoteola all DD ctige ta respuesta correcta para completar ( 3) over my aw dress! _ los dialogos, 1 Ar What happened to Derrick yesterday? ‘cing Hora’ @% | want to ask why the teacher BH fondest eda nah (ees: 2 A: What are you going to de with these old meat ss imongto ure them ot conuoens 3. A: Can lopen this bax and see what's inside? B: No! It might contain / warn something dangerous, 4 A: How do you attach / attempt this light ‘to the wall? e:oeed h conctoo eet == a MODULE © 1READING Lee a informactén de a pégina web, Luege eige la respuesta correcta REGRETTABLE INVENTIONS AA) When Anna laevis! mother aied in 1905, 2} Albert Finstein was. scientist. His she wanted to make 2 special day when greatest wish was for a world without war people would remember allthe wonderful Lis ironic that Einstein's name is connected things that mothers do. the ides was v0 to the development of the atomic bomb ‘ 5 an immediate success, and by 1914, US Lbecause of his famous equation E = me? mer > President Wilsun had declared Mothers Oay Just before World War I, Einstein discovered that national holiday the Germans were attempting to develop an atomie Seon, however, florists, greeting card shops bomb. Hewas shacked. He wrate 8 leter to war and chocolate makers turned the day into "5 US President Roasevell and schised him to cate an {© a way to make mongy. Jarvis felt thal they American atomic bomb. As a result of this advice, had destrayed her beautitul idea, She US scientists used Einstem’s theory to produce the fought agains! these industies and even bombs that destayed the Japanese cities Hirashima ‘stiempled to cancel Mothers Day. Aut her anid Nagaseki.tinstein spent tho reste his ite eying fight was ursuccessful, and Mother’ Day 4» 9 ban nuclear weapons, 1 has become a worldwide, bilion-rollar indusoy. 1 In 1905 / 974), Mother's Day became 3 national holiday, 2 Florists and chocolate makers used Mother's ay to make maney / help mothers: 3 Einstein sent an atomic bomb / aletter to President Roosevelt. 4 After World War Il, Finstein tried to han develop nuclear wespons, ‘Completa las frases con palabras del texto. 1 Jervis wanted people to remember all the wonderful things that others. do 2. Jarvis tried to. ~--Mather's Day, but she was unsuccessful 3 Today, Mothers Dayisa 4 Einstein's wish was fora world without 5 Einstein advised President Roosevelt to 6 Nucioar bombs. Hiroshi ddailar industry. _------anatomicbomb, a and NagasakiLISTENING (1G) & excucha ta primera parte de un reportajede televisién sobre la ceremonia de los premlos BHP Billiton. ;Qué funcién tenia el invento de Maddison? TH) (2) Escucha ta segunda parte del reportajey sefiala () si las frases son verdaderas (T) ofalsas (). | | 2 Ripsare dangerous ocean currents 3 The kids at the poo! managed well with the rips. | 4 Rips kill chousands of people every year. | | 5 When there's arip, the water moves very quickly. |_| GRAMMAR Las oraciones de relativo especificativas aportan informacién esencial para identificar el antecedente siempre ce situan detrés de este en la frase. The poople wha that won a prize: were on TV. Lae porsanas que ganaran un premio salen por fa teleisn. ‘Things / Here isthe machine which /hat te arfst designed. ‘Animals Aqui esta tx méquins que cisefid ie artista. ‘Tae building where te scientist works very old rea donde rabaiae clentfica es muy antique. ‘Time ‘RWS he year wie the war stare Fuset fo en que empers is vars People 1B) subraya la oracion de relative especificativa y rodiea elantecedente. 1 ThisisGhemadw magni 2 That’ the invention which changed my Wife! 3 Herc’ the letter that contained the president's structions. 4 Lets goto a museum where we can earn about ferous inventors. 5 tli never forget the day when |found.out thetruth IE rig ot pronorntre retatve corect. 1 The Calypso Nikkor was an underwater camera (GhIeRY who first appeared ina James Bond film, 2 Clive Campbell was a teenager where / whe held the first hip-hop party in the world, 3 Quebec isthe city that / where the frst snowmobile was invented. 4 1936 was the year when/who Alan Turing invented “the computer age” 5 Rosalind Franklin was the wornan which that diteavered DNA. Los pronombres relatives en negrita estén en lar frases incorrectas. Escribelos junto a las frases correctas. 1 Here's the garage which Walt Disney created his first flrs. 2 Are you the man when attempted to climb that, mountain alone?... 7 3.1926 was the year where Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. 4 Thisisthe book wh contains all my grandfather's drawings. Relaciona AconB para formar frases. Luego complétalas con el pronombre relative corracto. a 1 Theres atype of car... fife chat _ 2 Apilot is person 3 Eight otdockis the time 4 This was the room. 8 a flies aeroplanes. ' Igote school can tum into a boat. 4 myuncle but all his inventions.VOCABULARY Talents and Abilities bright isto“, inteligente aturalleader— Iéerpor naturaleza/innate/e valuable valioea/o ‘genius genio ‘outstanding - eveepeional extraordinariafa ‘weakness punto debil sifted -talentora/a,quetiene talento sensitive —censible wellliked queride/e, opreciadele hidden oculta/a, escandida/a -strength - punto fuerte; fuerza make the most of - aprevecharal _suecessful -exitesa( (be-~ctener dito, meixime, sear mime pertido siunford Ty ketaciona acon. A 1 Jim is very bright, 2 Gina is welliked. 3. Andy has got one weakness. 4 Myauntis anatural leader, . 5 Kents very successful. 2 His company has made a lot of money. b She's got many friends. ‘© He isn’t very good at maths, 1d He always gets 100 in his exams, She always ends up managing group projects. DD slige ta respuesta correcta. 1 Danny isa strength /@eniad} He can already solve very dificult maths prablems. 2 Sharon's a great friend because she's very sensitive/ hidden to iy feelings 3 Maisie's projectis gifted / outstanding ~ her research is excellent. 4 Having some knowledge of economicsis definitely a bright / valuable skil. 1D) sustituye tas palabras en negrita por estas palabras o expresiones. hidden | bright | gifted |_mabethemostof | strengths 1 Jenny knows lat about computers, but she doose'treally use herknowiedge, ...make the mastof 2 Shawn's father isa talented pianist 3 Alfies intelligent and he learns quickly. 4 You shouldn'tignore your positive qualities. 5 We didn't realise that Josie was a talented singer because she kept it secret.GRAMMAR Las oraciones de relative explicativas afiaden informacion ‘que noes necesaria para identificarel antecedente. Leonardo de Vine, who wes bom in Hel, crested many famous paintings. Leonanio ds Vines quie-nacié an tat, pio muchas ‘sis frmasos. ‘The book, which the author wate at age-21, became sai lanl Gassic. -51Rro, que aura escrib als 71 as edad, ‘$8 cOMWIO en ur c&sico al instant. Things / ‘animals Buckingham Palace, where he quoen of England ives, ism th centre of Londen. ‘Epalacio de Buckingham, donde wie sera de ‘ngistera, exten ef cana de Lancros. Places 1n.2001, when Daniel Rages wats ony 11 years ok, the first Hary Potter fim opened in cinemas. En 2001, cuenco Daniel fdetie tenia solo ff afos fa primera pect de arty Fottor so astand an los eines. Time 1) subraya la oracion de relative iva de cada frase. 41 Mahatma Gandhi, who helped get indesendence for india, was a natural leader 2 My family visited Datice, where sugar cubes were invented. 2 The 1960s was a periad af change, when many young people rebelled, 4 Loften use the app TikTok, which lets me uptoad ‘acative videos. HB completa las oraciones de relative explicativas con ‘estas palabras, whichisan | when thereare |_whotes- who wes | where there ane 1 [really admire Gillian Mumphy,____ whos @ dancerin the American Ballet Theatre. 2. My favourite holiday is Christmes, = lights on allthe houses andi tees, 3 Julie wants to workin Sificon Valley, noe thay Successful hi-tech companies 4 love reading about isaak Newton, me important in the developm: of physics. 5. Everyone should leam computer coding, essential thing to knowin the 21st century. IB) completa as oraciones de relative expiicativas de estas frases con estas palabras. are beautiful | nelived with his grandparents wontwo Nobel Prizes he was enly 15 years old escapes merc amiaaing 7 Everyone has heard of Harry Houdini, whose fesegpes were amaving 2 You can see Van Gagh’s paintings, which in the Wan Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. 3 Former US President Barack Obama grew up in Nawait, where 4 Champion swimmer Michael Phelps first competed in the Olympics in the year 7000, when 5 Marte Curie, who — made important discoveries.