redaicsatadt 1, (d): When a glass rod is rubbed with silk cloth then some of the electrons from the glass rod get transferred to sik cloth and thus the glass rod gets positively charged and the silk get negatively charged. No new charge is created in the process of rubbing. 2 (2: Using Here, f, = 0.2 m, pi, = 1.50 1 deals Zaast-uf Consider f, be the focal length of the lens, when immersed in water. If "1, be refractive index of glass wrt. water, then =078 -0.2 = 0.58 m Yic¢ t mA=2x107A,G=129, 12=1000-12=988 Putting V=2 V, R 2x10 4. (d): The frequency of electromagnetic wave remains unchanged but the wavelength of electromagnetic wave changes when it passes from one medium to another. 5. (a) : Mass of the ball, m= 150g = 0.15 kg. Speed of the ball, v= 30m s! Momentum, p = mv =0.15 x 30= 45 kgm x10 de Broglie wavelength, 2=" = 2% >. 45 =147x10%m Physics, SOLUTIONS 6 (b): Since all the capacitors are connected in series, equivalent capacitance is yt AL sa tegl gly CEG ‘Charge on each capacitor is same 4= CV =1x10= 10 xC 7. (b):A vacancy created when an electron leaves a ‘covalent bond. This vacancy is known as hole. 8 (b): The direction of magnetic line of force of a bar ‘magnet directs south to north pole, inside the magnet and from north to south outside the magnet. Mi Y/s| \N Cq= HE ( V=10V) 9. (b): Incoil A, south pole is developed at q and in coil B also south pole is developed at x. Therefore, induced current in coil A will be from q to p and induced current in the coil B will be from x10 . 10. (4): Here, p= 1x 10 cm, 8 = 30° E=6x10'NC* Ast=pEsinO= 11, (a): The p-n junction diode is forward biased when p-side is at high potential with respect to n-side. Hence option (a) is correct. X10? x 6 x 10! sin 30° = 3x 10° Nm 12. (0! Vag =e = 1t0v3V 13, (@): For wave to sulfer diffraction, the wavelength should be ofthe order of size of the obstacle. The wavelength of radio waves (short radio waves) is order of the sizeof the building and the other obstacles coming in their path and hence, they easily gt diffracted. 14, (@): Inboth fission and fusion large amount of energy is released, Assertion is correct. Charge, mass, momentum and energy all are conserved. 15. (0): ALO K, all semiconductors are insulators. The valence band at 0 K is completely filed and there are no free electrons in conduction band. At room temperature dle to thermal energy the electron jump to the conduction band. When the temperature increases, a large number of electrons cross over the forbidden gap and jump from valence band to conduction band. Thus with rise in temperature conductivity increases. The covalent bonds of semiconductor breaks only when i is heated up extremelyeither by increasing temperature or by supplying strong current 16. (a) According to Gauss’ theorem in electrostatics, eo g = €@ = 8.85 10" [8 x 10" = 53.10 x 10° C = 0.053 nC. 17, (a) Photo-electric effect is the phenomenon of emission of electrons from the surface metals, when light radiations of suitable frequency fall on them, (b)_ When a radiation of frequency vis incident on a metal surface, itis absorbed in the form of discrete photons each of energy hv. Photoelectric emission occurs because of single collision of a photon with a free electron. The energy of photon is used to free the electron from the metal surface. It is equal the work function W, of the metal and provide kinetic energy to the emitted electron WY = Kaus + Wo 1 2 =om’ Kae = 3""¥nax =2x 10) =hu-W, This is Einstein photoclectric equation. 18. (i) Here, @ = 0° and A = 12 x 107 m So, @ = BA cos® = 0.5 x 12 x 107 x cos0* = (ii) Here, 0 = 90° So, @ = BA cos® = 0.5 x 12 x 10°? x cos90* = 0 OR = 0, = BA cosi80° ~ BA cos0” = x10 wo Change in flux, do = 0, -BA- BA =-2BA 19. In total internal reflection, 100% of incident light is reflected back into denser medium and thus no loss of intensity, but for reflection from mirrors or refraction from lenses, there is some loss of intensity. So the images formed by total internal reflection are much brighter than those formed by mirrors or lenses. 21, The mass lost in the process, ‘Am = 235.0439 — (139.9054 + 93.9063 + 1.00867) The corresponding ‘energy released = Ame = (0.22353) (3 10°F J = 208 MeV 22. (i) Because we know the potential V and resistance R, we use 120 722 (ii) The resistance of each half of the wire is ( 7 36. Thus the dissipation rate for each halfis (20vy 362 and that for the two halves is P= 2P" = 800 W. = 200W = 400W This is four times the dissipation rate of the full length of wire. Thus, you might conclude that you could buy a heating coil, cut in half and reconnect it to obtain four times the heat output OR [As three resistors of R ohm each are connected in parallel, their equivalent resistance, R’ is given by ody Pa eaak Rr 3 Heat generated in the circuit is maximum when External resistance = Internal resistance Re3r=3x01=039 23. Let ibe the current in the large coil Magnetic field at the centre ofthe coil is given by pabe 2R Magnetic flux linked with smaller coil is 24. The required energy band diagram is shown below : [Conduction band Acceptor ee 1004ev, (2) p-type [Conduction band] Donor Valence band_]energy level () naype 25, Number of nucei present at time 1, N() = Ne™ Ai) According to question, aN A=-Den ne, arene Aa Ape Ay ApNpet?™ dN, Attimer=2¢ & Behe) ae Ry Nolig | “a From eqns. i), (i) and (ii), we get ii) Ney (hp Jeter” Noho Nia Je ii) Class 12Decay constant, 4 = FF According to radioactive decay, N N No NL -sao-tato Ne Fraction of nuclei decayed = No=N o 21-68 = 1-096 = 0.04 =4% 26. (a) The waves is propagating along negative y-direction and its vector direction is -j (b) Comparing the given equation with the standard equation, 1 é Eco an(+v)] 2x We get, 2% eget, Fas Wavelength, 4 =2% x2%3.14 45 Jrnae 27. (a) We know, Toa According to question, I; OSIsa;7=0.5 a," 50% of I, a+1/V2F a-Wv2y (b) The central fringes are white. On the either side of the central white fringe the coloured bands (few coloured ‘maxima and minima) will appear. This is because fringes of different colours overlap. The kinetic energy (K) and electrostatic potential energy (U) of the electrons in hydrogen atom are 29. (i) (6): W=(PE ins ~ (PEt ke) ke? _ -ke? seb feria (li) (b) : Potential atthe centre of the square due to four ‘equal charges q at four corners ven 4neg(av2)/2 Rega Sig Won = Was ™ seq (ili) (c): Here, q= 2 WC = 2% 10°C, ry =2 myry= 1m ¥,-yy-— 2-4] -rantoni0 [Lt] ve-santy oR (b) : Required work done = Change in potential energy of the system W=U,-U,= (4%, 4% = kag,| + fpr % W=(9x 10") (3x 107 x 1x10") eters 4x10? 5x107 =27 x 107 x (0.05) = 1.35 x 107J (iv) (b) : Work done by an external force in bringing another charge q from infinity up to the point is V, 30. (i) (b) : Inductance, L = 80 mH = 80 x 107 H Capacitance, C = 60 WF = 60x 10 F, V= 230V Frequency, v = 50 Hz = 2mv = 100m rad s* Peak voltage, V, = V2 = 230V2 V Amplitude of maximum current, Jp = 11.63 A Gi) (©) + rms value of current, 823A Negative sign appears as wb < 1 oC(iit) (a): Average power consumed by the inductor is zero because of phase difference ok between voltage and current through inductor. iv) (b): Average power consumed by the capacitor is zero because of phase difference of 5 between voltage and current through capacitor. OR (a) : Total average power absorbed by circuit is zero. 31. The equivalent circuit for the given network is shown in figure clearly BR IR aR rn ee SR rata D aR Ic ‘Thus the part of the circuit on the right side is a balanced Wheatstone bridge. Hence resistance 6R in arm BD is ineffective. The equivalent circuit then reduce to the circuit shown in figure. AR BR 6R as je Effective resistance along ABC = R+ 28 =3R Effective resistance ADC = 2R + 4R = 6R Effective resistance between points A and C BRX6R 3R+6R (Current drawn from the battery £ I r+ r+2R Power delivered to the network + e Jue r+2R According to maximum power theorem, power delivered to P=PR’ the network will be maximum when Resistance ofthe network = Interna resistance ofthe battery 49, Also, Pays =| —® 442K2 When an electric field is applied across a conductor then the charge carriers inside the conductor move with an average velocity which is independent of time. This velocity TEAS, is known as drift velocity (v,) Relationship between current (J) and drift velocity (v4). Total number of free electron in a conductor PQ of length 1, cross-sectional area A having m free electrons per unit nx Volume of conductor PQ Then ‘t’ in which an electron moves from P to Q all N free ¥% ‘The incident and refracted wavfronts are shown in figure. Let the angles of incidence and refraction be i and r respectively, BC From right ABC, we have, sin 2BAC = sini = rom right AADC, we have, sin ZDCA = sinr = 2 sinr Ea AD wt i! vet sini \ In (aconstant) ‘This verifies Snell's law of refraction. The constant 'p, is called the refractive index of the second medium with respect to first medium. OR Here, d= 0.125 mm = 0.125 x10” m, ‘A= 4500 A = 4500 x 10°" m= 4.5 x 107 m, D=2m,n=2 If x is distance of 2 bright fringe on each side, then separation between them D_2x2x45x107 x1 mnhl= ad 0125x107 =144x104m= 144mm owe (2}-2 3 Ten \a+b) ~ 25