ENCV4DE

CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
By
Yolisa
210552795
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the academic requirements for the
degree of
Bachelor of Science in Engineering
School Civil Engineering, Surveying and Construction
University of Kwa-Zulu Natal
Durban
December 2020
i Preface

I, the undersigned affirm the following:

I. I accept the rules of assessment of the University of KwaZulu-Natal and the
consequences of transgressing them.

II. This design project: Stormwater Management is wholly my own work. The design
and report here were carried out at the University of Kwa Zulu Natal, in the
department of Civil Engineering, in partial fulfilment of a Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering. This design project has neither in part, nor as a whole been submitted
to another university.

Signed at __________________________ on ___________________________

_____________________

Yolisa
Contents
i Preface.................................................................................................................................................2
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................5
2. Objectives..........................................................................................................................................5
3. Environmental Design Consideration..................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. Project Scope.....................................................................................................................................5
5. Site information.................................................................................................................................5
5.1 Site Location................................................................................................................................5
5.2 Hydrology....................................................................................................................................6
5.2 Methodology...............................................................................................................................6
5.3 Geotechnical conditions..............................................................................................................7
6. Stormwater Modelling.......................................................................................................................8
6.1 Hydrology....................................................................................................................................8
6.2 Hydraulics..................................................................................................................................10
6.2.1 SuD......................................................................................................................................10
Appendix A..........................................................................................................................................14

Table 1 Sub Catchment Areas................................................................................................................6

Table 2 test pits data.............................................................................................................................7
Table 3 Sub Catchment Hardened and non-Hardened areas.................................................................8
Table 4 Time of concentration...............................................................................................................8
Table 5 Runoff coefficients....................................................................................................................9
Table 6 ft factor.....................................................................................................................................9
Table 7 Rainfall intensity.......................................................................................................................9
Table 8 Post and pre-development peak runoffs.................................................................................10
Table 9 Storage....................................................................................................................................15
Table 10 Flood routing for the Tank Sub catchment 2........................................................................17
Table 11 Storage table for the pond....................................................................................................19
Table 12 Flood Routing for the Pond...................................................................................................19
Table 13 PIPE LINE...............................................................................................................................21

Figure 1 Dmoss area..............................................................................................................................6

Figure 2 Outflow vs inflow graph for the attenuation tank..................................................................11
Figure 3 Inflow vs outflow for Pond.....................................................................................................11
1. Introduction

Durban point waterfront is quickly becoming the most vibrant and commercialised area in Durban. it
promises to accommodate and entertain local residents as well as tourists from different parts of the
world. A master plan has been devised to achieve this mission.

Group 7 has been approached to evaluate and improve stormwater quantity to avoid flooding
events. The report briefly discusses existing stormwater management that is currently there. This
report determines the stormwater quantity and quality assessment in line with the principles of
sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDs).

Stormwater management will help in reducing peak flows created by the development taking place
in the area. Point Waterfront is situated along the coastal region of Durban next to the harbour
figure 1. The report was guided by the following guidelines

 eThekwini Drainage and Stormwater Guideline

 SANRAL Drainage Manual
 SUDS Manual

2. Objectives
 Reduce discharge caused by the development
 Use sustainable source control to reduce surface run off
 Minimize flood damage at specified magnitude of storm
 Minimize life cycle costs

3. Project Scope
 Identify catchment area by using the maps featured on the eThekwini Gis website.
 Use Rational method to determine Pre and Post development stormwater run-off
 Use the SANRAL Drainage Manual in conjunction with the eThekwini Municipality Manual to
determine run-off coefficients for the sub- catchments
 Incorporate SuDs to maintain natural integrity of the site
 Discharge off the access water run-off efficiently into the point harbour while considering
the requirements of the National Water Act and the National Environmental Management
Act.

4. Site information

4.1 Site Location

The site under consideration is in the city of Durban near the Harbour in KwaZulu- Natal under the
municipal authority of eThekwini Municipality. The area is located along the coastline of Durban and
experiences subtropical climate

The site can be broken up into two main areas, fully developed and undeveloped area. Based on the
contours and watershed delineation method of connecting ridges, water flow patterns and
information from eThekwini GIS website, one can deduce that the fully developed part of the
catchment A, as well as existing roads have existing stormwater management in place. Location B is
the undeveloped catchment and has no stormwater management. Fig 1 illustrates this information.

Figure 1 Dmoss area showing existing pipe network

Fig1 : illustrating D’Moss Area with existing stormwater management in catchment

5 Hydrology

5.1 Methodology
 The catchment area was determined using the eThekwini GIS Map Viewer using contours
and ridges of the pre-developed site.
 Sub- catchments were established from the different sites that were undergoing
development.
Table 1 Sub Catchment Areas

Sub-Catchment 1 Terminal: PLTF1

Sub-Catchment 2 Parking Lot: PLTF2
Sub-Catchment 3 Residential Apartments: PLT3
Sub-Catchment 4 Bus Depot: PLTF4

 The Rational method from SANRAL’S Drainage Manual and Rainfall data from Rainfall and
flood prediction (Smithers and Shulze) was used to determine the pre and post development
runoff peaks and later plotted using Hydrographs.
 Storage volumes were calculated by the area between post and pre- development
hydrographs for each sub- catchment.
  An attenuation tank was proposed in PLT 2 in efforts of decreasing the pipe diameter and
thus releasing the rainwater at a slower rate.
 A Rainwater harvesting tank and Green roof SuD’s were designed for PLT3. The volume
collected was proposed for reuse.

5.2 Geotechnical conditions

From the Geotech Data provided on Moodle website, the following data pertains to the
information collected from reviewing the data on test pits 1 to 5
Test pit data
Table 2 test pits data

Test pit Data

no.
1  0.10m deep: Medium dense silty sand with subangular gravels
 1.3m deep: Sub angular hard rock (including Tillite and Sandstone)
 NO WATER TABLE ENCOUNTERED
2  0.2m deep: coarse sand and crusher gravel
 Dense consistency
 NO WATER TABLE ENCOUNTERED
3  0.50 m deep: Moist loose silty sand with fine to medium gravels
 Coal and fine grass roots
 0.3-3m deep: fill with various layers of silty fine sand, gravels
 NO WATRER TABLE ENCOUNTERED
5  0.0-0.15m Deep: closely packed fine to medium sub angular granite
gravels in moist redish orange sand
 Medium dense consistency
 0.15-0.4m deep: fine sand and medium sub angular gravels in moist
silty fine sand
 0.4-0.5 concrete
 0.5-1.2 slightly moist, loose, fine and medium sand with sub angular
coarse cobble gravels (FILL)
 NO WATER TABLE ENCOUNTERED

We thus can conclude the following:

 With an average slope of 0.000735 (calculated by getting the average slopes calculated by
the Kerby and Bransby- William’s equation), indicating gentle slope and flat terrain
 No Water table was encountered (based on the test pit result from geotechnical data)
6. Stormwater Modelling

6.1 Hydrology

Catchment Area

The area for Catchment B was divided into the following Sub catchments:
Table 3 Sub Catchment Hardened and non-Hardened areas

Sub-catchment 1 (m2) Sub-catchment 2 (m2) Sub-catchment 3 (m2)

Hardened 9514.82 16023 61935
Non- Hardened 3519.18 3052 2064.5
% Hardened 73% 84% 75%
%Non-Hardened 27% 16% 25%

Time of concentration ‘Tc’

Table 4 Time of concentration

Sub-catchment 1 Sub-catchment 2 Sub-catchment 3

Pre-development 29.3 12.86 16.38

Tc (min)

Post-development 18.6 10 12.46

Tc (min)

Runoff Coefficient ‘C’

Methodology

 The runoff coefficient was determined using the SANRAL Drainage manual, where Table 3.7
gives the recommended runoff values for both Urban(C2) and rural (C1) coefficient
 Since the site is urban, C was determined from the urban column and later multiplied by the
corresponding areas based on the classification of the sub-catchment area.
Table 5 Runoff coefficients

Sub-catchment1 Sub-catchment 2 Sub-catchment 3

Pre-development 0.455 0.650 0.545

C
Post- 0.7455 0.824 0.4662
development
C

Reduction factor ‘ft’

Table 6 ft factor

Return period (years) 2 5 10 20 50 100

Factor for flat and permeable catchment (ft) 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.67 0.83 100

Reduction factor for urban areas: while it was not necessary, C (runoff co-efficient) was adjusted
using the factors listed above for return period 10 and 50 for flat areas.

Rainfall Intensity ‘I’

Methodology

 Smithers and S

Table 7 Rainfall intensity

Sub- Rainfall intensity (mm/hr)

catchment
Return period 10 (years) Return Period 50 (years)

Pre Post Pre Post

1 96.913 124.029 151.331 193.484

2 153.538 236.214 239.608 368.597

3 79.683 105.139 123.638

Discharge ‘Q’

Methodology

The peak discharge is determined for the proposed development using Rational formula
 CIA f t
Q=
3.6

Table 8 Post and pre-development peak runoffs

10 years 50 years

m
3
m
3
Pre ‘Q’¿) m
3
Pre ‘Q’ ( ¿ Post ‘Q’ ( ¿ Post ‘Q (’ )
s s s
1 0.09579 0.1256 0.14957 0.27106

2 0.31728 0.61887 0.49514 0.96570

3 0.05055 0.11583 0.10909 0.20086

6.2 Hydraulics
6.2.1 SuD
Attenuation Tank

Sub-catchment 2 has the largest percentage of hardened area (84%) causing high flow rates and
hence a very large diameter pipe. An attenuation tank was proposed for this area in efforts of
reducing the flow rate and the diameter. PLTF 2 is a parking Lot and has a flat terrain, the eThekwini
Municipality Manual suggest using these types of areas for installation of attenuation tanks.

Storage volume: 197.5m3

Length: 14m

Width: 7m

Q50pre: 0.495m3/s

Appendix A flood routing for the Attenuation tank and the graph of Inflow vs Outflow. According to
the eThekwini Municipal manual, the rate of outflow (from the graph) must be less than the pre-
development runoff for that return period. The flood routing of this tank showed that this
requirement was achieved because the outflow maximum flow rate is at 0.4609m 3/s which is less
than Q50 pre-development flow rate of 0.495m3/s.
 OUTFLOW VS INFLOW
1.2000

1.0000

0.8000
Flow (m3/s)

0.6000 INFLOW
OUTFLOW
0.4000 0.4048

0.2000

0.0000 0.0000
0 5 10 15 20 25
-0.2000
Time Tc (min)

Figure 2 Outflow vs inflow graph for the attenuation tank

Retention Pond

Retention ponds have a permanent pool which retains water up to the orifice height, which was
assumed to be 1m from the bottom of the tank. Once water exceeds this height water starts
discharging through the orifice. This stored volume of water can be re-used. Maximum depth was
assumed to be at 1.2 Refer to Appendix B for the sizing of the orifice and refer to Appendix A for
routing. Peak outflow was found at Q=0.4700m3/s

Inflow versus Outflow Graph of Pond

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Inflow Series4

Figure 3 Inflow vs outflow for Pond

Figure 3: Graph of Inflow vs Outflow for the Retention Pond

Green roof

The A guideline for SUD’s IN South Africa describes a green roof as a roof that is purposefully
covered in vegetation. Composite was chosen as a medium because it can absorb more water as
compared to other mediums. Refer to Appendix A for the different Mediums with their depths and
densities.

Rainwater Garden

A rainwater garden was implemented for Sub Catchment 3 as there are buildings which can capture
water over their roofs. The total volume stored was calculated to be 8699 L which could be used for
gardening purposes and flushing toilets.

The storage volumes were estimated using the method described in the South African SuDs Manual
the, refer to Appendix B for the calculations.
7. Appendix A
Attenuation Tank in PLTF 2

Sub catchment 2 has an attenuation tank located on the site below the ground.

 Storage was calculated at the 197.524m3

Table 9 Storage

(2Si/∆t)-
Time Qi (2Si/∆t)+Qi
(min) i Ii + Ii+1 (m^3/s) (m^3/s) Qi(m^3/s)
0 0,0000 - 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000
1 0,0966 0,0966 0,0431 0,0966 0,0267
2 0,1931 0,2897 0,1780 0,3328 0,0774
3 0,2897 0,4829 0,4318 0,6608 0,1145
4 0,3863 0,6760 0,8043 1,1078 0,1518
 5 0,4829 0,8691 1,2950 1,6734 0,1892
6 0,5794 1,0623 1,9039 2,3572 0,2267
7 0,6760 1,2554 2,6308 3,1593 0,2642
8 0,7726 1,4486 3,4757 4,0794 0,3019
9 0,8691 1,6417 4,4384 5,1174 0,3395
10 0,9657 1,8348 5,5190 6,2732 0,3771
11 0,8691 1,8348 6,5353 7,3538 0,4093
12 0,7726 1,6417 7,3125 8,1770 0,4322
13 0,6760 1,4486 7,8655 8,7611 0,4478
14 0,5794 1,2554 8,2066 9,1209 0,4571
15 0,4829 1,0623 8,3470 9,2689 0,4609
16 0,3863 0,8691 8,2970 9,2162 0,4596
17 0,2897 0,6760 8,0663 8,9730 0,4533
18 0,1931 0,4829 7,6648 8,5492 0,4422
19 0,0966 0,2897 7,1022 7,9545 0,4261
20 0,0000 0,0966 6,3892 7,1988 0,4048
21 0,0000 0,0000 5,6278 6,3892 0,3807
22 0,0000 0,0000 4,9146 5,6278 0,3566
23 0,0000 0,0000 4,2497 4,9146 0,3324
24 0,0000 0,0000 3,6331 4,2497 0,3083
25 0,0000 0,0000 3,0647 3,6331 0,2842
26 0,0000 0,0000 2,5445 3,0647 0,2601
27 0,0000 0,0000 2,0726 2,5445 0,2360
 OUTFLOW VS INFLOW
1.2000

1.0000

0.8000
Flow (m3/s)

0.6000 INFLOW
OUTFLOW
0.4000 0.4048

0.2000

0.0000 0.0000
0 5 10 15 20 25
-0.2000
Time Tc (min)

Flood Routing for the 50 Year Return Period for the Tank located in PLTF2
Table 10 Flood routing for the Tank Sub catchment 2

Head Q
(m) Elevation(m) S (m^3) (2S/∆t)+Q (m^3/s) (m^3/s
0 0 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000
0,05 0,05 4,9379 0,2276 0,0630
0,1 0,1 9,8758 0,4183 0,0891
0,15 0,15 14,8137 0,6029 0,1091
0,2 0,2 19,7516 0,7844 0,1260
0,25 0,25 24,6895 0,9639 0,1409
0,3 0,3 29,6274 1,1419 0,1543
0,35 0,35 34,5653 1,3189 0,1667
0,4 0,4 39,5032 1,4950 0,1782
0,45 0,45 44,4411 1,6704 0,1890
0,5 0,5 49,3790 1,8452 0,1993
0,55 0,55 54,3169 2,0195 0,2090
0,6 0,6 59,2548 2,1934 0,2183
0,65 0,65 64,1927 2,3669 0,2272
0,7 0,7 69,1306 2,5401 0,2358
0,75 0,75 74,0685 2,7130 0,2440
0,8 0,8 79,0064 2,8856 0,2520
0,85 0,85 83,9443 3,0579 0,2598
0,9 0,9 88,8822 3,2301 0,2673
0,95 0,95 93,8201 3,4020 0,2747
1 1 98,7580 3,5737 0,2818
1,05 1,05 103,6959 3,7453 0,2887
1,1 1,1 108,6338 3,9167 0,2955
 1,15 1,15 113,5717 4,0879 0,3022
1,2 1,2 118,5096 4,2590 0,3087
1,25 1,25 123,4475 4,4300 0,3150
1,3 1,3 128,3854 4,6008 0,3213
1,35 1,35 133,3233 4,7715 0,3274
1,4 1,4 138,2612 4,9421 0,3334
1,45 1,45 143,1991 5,1126 0,3393
1,5 1,5 148,1370 5,2830 0,3451
1,55 1,55 153,0749 5,4533 0,3508
1,6 1,6 158,0128 5,6235 0,3564
1,65 1,65 162,9507 5,7937 0,3620
1,7 1,7 167,8886 5,9637 0,3674
1,75 1,75 172,8265 6,1337 0,3728
1,8 1,8 177,7644 6,3035 0,3781
1,85 1,85 182,7023 6,4734 0,3833
1,9 1,9 187,6402 6,6431 0,3884
1,95 1,95 192,5781 6,8128 0,3935
2 2 197,5160 6,9824 0,3985
2,05 2,05 202,4539 7,1519 0,4035
2,1 2,1 207,3918 7,3214 0,4084
2,15 2,15 212,3297 7,4908 0,4132
2,2 2,2 217,2676 7,6602 0,4180
2,25 2,25 222,2055 7,8295 0,4227
2,3 2,3 227,1434 7,9988 0,4274
2,35 2,35 232,0813 8,1680 0,4320
2,4 2,4 237,0192 8,3372 0,4365
2,45 2,45 241,9571 8,5063 0,4411
2,5 2,5 246,8950 8,6754 0,4455
2,55 2,55 251,8329 8,8444 0,4500
2,6 2,6 256,7708 9,0134 0,4544
2,65 2,65 261,7087 9,1823 0,4587
2,7 2,7 266,6466 9,3512 0,4630
2,75 2,75 271,5845 9,5201 0,4673
2,8 2,8 276,5224 9,6889 0,4715
2,85 2,85 281,4603 9,8577 0,4757
2,9 2,9 286,3982 10,0265 0,4799
2,95 2,95 291,3361 10,1952 0,4840
3 3 296,2740 10,3639 0,4881

Pond
Table 11 Storage table for the pond

Stage Area Dischsrge Storage

(m) (m2) (m3/s) (m3) 2S/∆t+Q
0 0 0 0 0
0,3 690,2185 0,210104 207,0655 3,661197
0,6 794,9019 0,297132 476,9412 8,246152
0,9 906,0654 0,363911 815,4589 13,95489
1,2 1023,709 0,420209 1228,451 20,89439
1,5 1147,832 0,469807 1721,749 29,16562
1,8 1278,436 0,514648 2301,185 38,86773
2,1 1415,519 0,555884 2972,591 50,09906
2,4 1559,083 0,594265 3741,799 62,95758
3,4 2084,428

Table 12 Flood Routing for the Pond

time time 2sj+1/∆t- 2Sj+1/∆t

index j (min) I (m3/s) Ij +Ij+1 Qj+1 +Qj+1 Q
0 0 0 0 0
1 2 0,5 0,5 0,442613 0,5 0,028693
2 4 1 1,5 1,719653 1,942613 0,11148
3 6 1,5 2,5 3,778244 4,219653 0,220704
4 8 2 3,5 6,720723 7,278244 0,27876
5 10 2,5 4,5 10,55687 11,22072 0,331928
6 12 3 5,5 15,29494 16,05687 0,380964
7 14 2,5 5,5 19,95614 20,79494 0,419402
8 16 2 4,5 23,573 24,45614 0,441567
9 18 1,5 3,5 26,15848 27,073 0,457259
10 20 1 2,5 27,72495 28,65848 0,466766
11 22 0,5 1,5 28,28479 29,22495 0,470082
12 24 0 0,5 27,84974 28,78479 0,467524
 Inflow versus Outflow Graph of Pond
3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Inflow Series4

Head Elevation(m) S (m^3) (2S/∆t)+Q (m^3/s) Q

(m) (m^3/s
0 0 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000
0,05 0,05 4,9379 0,2276 0,0630
0,1 0,1 9,8758 0,4183 0,0891
0,15 0,15 14,8137 0,6029 0,1091
0,2 0,2 19,7516 0,7844 0,1260
0,25 0,25 24,6895 0,9639 0,1409
0,3 0,3 29,6274 1,1419 0,1543
0,35 0,35 34,5653 1,3189 0,1667
0,4 0,4 39,5032 1,4950 0,1782
0,45 0,45 44,4411 1,6704 0,1890
0,5 0,5 49,3790 1,8452 0,1993
0,55 0,55 54,3169 2,0195 0,2090
0,6 0,6 59,2548 2,1934 0,2183
0,65 0,65 64,1927 2,3669 0,2272
0,7 0,7 69,1306 2,5401 0,2358
0,75 0,75 74,0685 2,7130 0,2440
0,8 0,8 79,0064 2,8856 0,2520
0,85 0,85 83,9443 3,0579 0,2598
0,9 0,9 88,8822 3,2301 0,2673
0,95 0,95 93,8201 3,4020 0,2747
1 1 98,7580 3,5737 0,2818
1,05 1,05 103,6959 3,7453 0,2887
1,1 1,1 108,6338 3,9167 0,2955
1,15 1,15 113,5717 4,0879 0,3022
1,2 1,2 118,5096 4,2590 0,3087
1,25 1,25 123,4475 4,4300 0,3150
1,3 1,3 128,3854 4,6008 0,3213
1,35 1,35 133,3233 4,7715 0,3274
 1,4 1,4 138,2612 4,9421 0,3334
1,45 1,45 143,1991 5,1126 0,3393
1,5 1,5 148,1370 5,2830 0,3451
1,55 1,55 153,0749 5,4533 0,3508
1,6 1,6 158,0128 5,6235 0,3564
1,65 1,65 162,9507 5,7937 0,3620
1,7 1,7 167,8886 5,9637 0,3674
1,75 1,75 172,8265 6,1337 0,3728
1,8 1,8 177,7644 6,3035 0,3781
1,85 1,85 182,7023 6,4734 0,3833
1,9 1,9 187,6402 6,6431 0,3884
1,95 1,95 192,5781 6,8128 0,3935
2 2 197,5160 6,9824 0,3985
2,05 2,05 202,4539 7,1519 0,4035
2,1 2,1 207,3918 7,3214 0,4084
2,15 2,15 212,3297 7,4908 0,4132
2,2 2,2 217,2676 7,6602 0,4180
2,25 2,25 222,2055 7,8295 0,4227
2,3 2,3 227,1434 7,9988 0,4274
2,35 2,35 232,0813 8,1680 0,4320
2,4 2,4 237,0192 8,3372 0,4365
2,45 2,45 241,9571 8,5063 0,4411
2,5 2,5 246,8950 8,6754 0,4455
2,55 2,55 251,8329 8,8444 0,4500
2,6 2,6 256,7708 9,0134 0,4544
2,65 2,65 261,7087 9,1823 0,4587
2,7 2,7 266,6466 9,3512 0,4630
2,75 2,75 271,5845 9,5201 0,4673
2,8 2,8 276,5224 9,6889 0,4715
2,85 2,85 281,4603 9,8577 0,4757

PIPELINE
Table 13 PIPE LINE

MH1
s 0,007143
MIN COVER 1,2
D 0,44174 441,7404483
qin 0,284809
vin 1,790534
energyline
leave MH @ 1,65

MH2:1
vin 1,790534
Min slope 0,007143
L 23
Din 0,45
Dout 0,45
q 0,284809
Entry Velo Head 0,163405
Bend Loss 0,081703
vout 1,790534
outlet Vel Head 0,163405
Vel Head avail 0,040851
difference Invert
Level 0,081703 IVL
L MH2-MH3 100
Leave MH @ 1,731703
Enter next MH @ 2,446003
EGL

MH3:1
vin 1,790534
Entry Vel head
Min S 0,00714
q' 0,167213
Din 0,45
STILL SAFE TO USE
D' 0,368575 450
Dout 0,45
q 0,284749
vout 1,790158
Outlet Vel head 0,163337
Vel head avail 0 zero bend loss
invert level
DIFFERENCE 0,817
L MH3-MH4 59
Leave MH @ 3,263003
Enter MH @ 3,684263
EGL

MH4:1
vin 1,790158
Min slope 0,00714
L 42
Din 0,45
Dout 0,450011
q 0,284749
Entry Velo Head 0,163337
Bend Loss 0,081668
vout 1,790074
outlet Vel Head 0,163321
Vel Head avail 0,040834
Invert Level
DIFFEENCE 0,081668
L MH2-MH3 42
Leave MH @ 3,765931
Enter next MH @ 4,065811

0,965708
MH1:2 Q50 POST 5
s 0,01 Q50 PRE
MIN COVER 1,2
0,66785 0,357893
D 9 0,675 A = 4
0,99355
qin 1
2,77610
vin 9
1,06780
energyline 2
leave MH @ 1,875
Enter MH @

Area contributing to MH2:1

s 0,01 Q10 0,618869563 Q50
Time of
MIN COVER 1,2 concentration min
0,66785
D 9 0,675 Tc frm Sc1 18,56
0,99355
qout 1 Tc MH1:1-MH2:1 0,21
2,77610
vout 9 Tc MH2:1-MH3:1 0,93
1,06777
energyline 1 Tc MH3:1 -MH4:1 0,3305
leave MH @ 1,875 Tc MH4-MH2:1 0,3842
Enter MH @
A 0,357893438
 Tc frm sc2 10
MH2:1 -MH2:2 6,236786978

ATTENUATION TANK

!this is the pipe diameter that leaves the tank

Q50 POST (TOO HIGH)take D = 525 mm min. slope 0,01
0,667859 675mm 0,525 m
A = 0,216503438 ଵ ஽ మ ஽మ 0,508321
q= ‫ כ‬ሺ ሻయ‫ ܵ כ‬଴Ǥହ ‫݅ܲ כ‬ ‫כ‬
USE Q50 PRE 0,49514 slope= 0,01 ௡ ସ ସ

vel. V = q/A 2,347867

0,519865

Storage volume (m^3) 197,6754

Assumed tank depth 2
Tank bottom area(m^2) 98,8377
length-twidth ratio 2;1
L 14,05971 say 14m
W 7,029854 say 7m

Detention Tank Discharge Control:Circular Orifice

Qo= co*Ao*(2g*Ho)^0,5

A 0,158963
Q10,post (m^3/s 0
co 0,4 assumed
g(m/s^2) 9,81 gravitational acceleration
Ho(m) 1,2 assumed
do(m) 0,45 Area 0,15906375
Qorrifice 0,308725
 Ethekwini municpality manual
RD 50 years
CONTRIBUTING SC SC1 SC2
Area 0,013034 0,019075
C 0,4662 0,8241
AC 0,006076451 0,01572
Combined C 0,678817724
Tc 20,4
Ranifall Intensity I (m/hrs) 124,8376
Q(m^3/s) 6,704967829

RD 10 years CRITICAL POINT !!!

CONTRIBUTING SC SC1 SC2
Area 0,013034 0,019075
C 0,4662 0,8241
AC 0,006076451 0,01572
Combined C 0,678817724
Tc 20,4
Ranifall Intensity I (m/hrs) 124,8376

Q(m^3/s) 0,453496682

MH2:2
qin 0,7930706
Din 0,6203111
Say D 0,675
A 0,3578934
vin 2,2159406
Min slope 0,004
L
Din 0,675
Dout 0,6750159
qout 0,6283769
Entry Velo Head 0,2502749
Bend Loss 0,1251374
vout 1,7557654
outlet Vel Head 0,1571209
Vel Head avail dwnstream
0,0785684
Invert Level DIFF 0,1571368
L MH2:2-MH3:2 41,2653
Tc MH2:2-MH3:2 0,3917123
Leave MH @ 2,0321368
Enter next MH @ 2,197198
EGL 0,9252749
MH3:2
vin 1,755765448
Min slope 0,004
L 57
Din 0,675015861
Dout 0,675015861 0,675
qin 0,628376932
qout 0,628416307
Entry Velo Head 0,157120913
Bend Loss 0
vout 1,755875469
outlet Vel Head 0,157140605
Vel Head avail 0,078570302
Invert Level DIFFERENCE 0,157140605
L MH3:2-MH4:2 100
Leave MH @ 2,354338579
Enter next MH @ 2,754338579

MH4:2
vin 1,755875469
Entry Vel head 0,157140605
Min S 0,004
qin 0,483567122
Din 0,675015861
Dout 0,611860866
0,675 still safe to use 0,675
qout 0,628376932
vout 1,755765448
Outlet Vel head 0,157120913
Vel head avail 0
invert level DIFFFERENCE 0,157136774
L MH3-MH4 96
Leave MH @ 2,911475352
Enter MH @ 3,295475352
EGL
MH5:2
vin 1,755765448
Entry Vel head 0,157120913
Min S 0,004
qin 0,483567122
Din 0,675015861
Dout 0,611860866
0,675
qout 0,628376932
vout 1,755765448
Outlet Vel head 0,157120913
Vel head avail 0
invert level DIFFERENCE 0,157136774
L MH3-MH4 96
Leave MH @ 3,452612126
Enter MH @ 3,836612126

MH6:2
vin 1,755765448
Entry Vel head 0,157120913
Min S 0,004
qin 0,483567122
Din 0,675015861
Dout 0,611860866
0,675 safe to use
qout 0,628376932
vout 1,755765448
Outlet Vel head 0,157120913
Vel head avail 0
invert level DIFFERENCE 0,157136774
L MH3-MH4 96
Leave MH @ 3,6097489
Enter MH @ 3,9937489
Consider SC3

MH1:3
s 0,01
MIN COVER 1,2
D 0,476321 still safe to use
FLOW INTO PIPE qin 0,508321
vin 2,347867
energyline 0,805962
leave MH @ 1,725
Enter MH @

s 0,01
MIN COVER 1,2
D 0 0,675
qout 0,993551
vout 4,589078
energyline 1,067771
leave MH @ 1,875
1, ETHEKWINI WAY
MH2:3
RD 50 years
CONTRIBUTING SC SC1 SC2 SC 3
Area 0,013034 0,019075 0,008258 AREA TOTAL
C 0,4662 0,8241 0,7455
AC 0,006076451 0,01572 0,006156339
Combined C 0,69245912
Tc 24,261
Ranifall Intensity I (m/hrs) 159,535
Q(m^3/s) 1,028139826

RD 10 years
CONTRIBUTING SC SC1 SC2 SC3
Area 0,013034 0,019075 0,008258 AREA TOTAL
C 0,4662 0,8241 0,7455
AC 0,006076451 0,01572 0,006156339
Combined C 0,69245912
Tc 24,261
Ranifall Intensity I (m/hrs) 117,779

Q(m^3/s) 0,548702863

Q50 1,028139
Q10 0,5487
MH2:3
qin 1,621928
Din 0,811203
Say D 0,825 825mm
A 0,534631
vin 3,033734
Min slope 0,003125
L
Din 0,825
Dout 0,825019 still comes out with 825
qout 0,948453
Entry Velo Head 0,46909
Bend Loss 0,234545 Assume the velocity head from MH1:3 to MH2:3 is destroyed
vout 1,774033
outlet Vel Head 0,160407
Vel Head avail dwnstream
0,080213
Invert Level DIFFERENCE
0,160427
L MH2:2-MH3:2 13
Tc toMH3:2 24,261
Leave MH @ 2,035427
Enter next MH @ 2,076052
EGL 1,29409

MH3:3
vin 1,7740
Entry Vel head 0,160407348
Min S 0,003125
qin 0,94851222
Din 0,825019386
Dout 0,825

qout 0,948452787
vout 1,77403274
Outlet Vel head 0,160407348
Vel head avail
invert level 0,160407348
L MH3-MH4
Leave MH 3:3@ 2,236459081
MH4:3
vin 1,003544464
Min slope 0,003125
L 18,8527
Din 0,825
Dout 0,825
q 0,948452787
Entry Velo Head 0,051330351
Bend Loss 0,025665176
vout 1,77403274
outlet Vel Head 0,160407348
Vel Head avail 0,012832588
difference Invert Level 0,025665176
L MH2-MH3 100
Leave MH @ 0,025665176
Enter next MH @ 177,4289392

POND
vin
Entry Vel head 0
Min S 0,003125
qin 1,327978093
Din 0,948452787
Dout 0,936008626
0,675
qout 0,555411987
vout 0,822832573
Outlet Vel head 0,03450833
Vel head avail
invert level 0,307961117
L MH3-MH4 96
Leave MH @ 0,307961117
Enter TANK @ 0,607961117

Concrete channels
 Subcatchment 2 PLTF 2 CHANNEL 1
Q50 post 0,271064 m3/s
n 0,012
bottom width B = 0,005
0,5 m
‫݈ܽ݉ݎ‬
݊ ݀݁ ‫݄ݐ‬ ‫ݕ‬௡ ൌǫ 1 2

ଶൗ
‫ܴܣ‬ ଷ ܳ ‫݊כ‬
଼ ൌଵ ൌ
‫ܤ‬ൗ ଷ ൗ ଼ 0,292089
ܵ ைଶ‫ ܤ‬ൗଷ

‫ݕ‬௡ 0,4
‫׵‬ ൌ
‫ܤ‬
‫ݕ ׵‬௡ ൌ 0,2 m trial and error

‫݀݅ݓ ݐ‬ ‫݄ݐ‬ ‫ݓ‬ൌ 1,3 m

‫ܿ݁ݏ‬ ܽ ‫ܽ݁ݎ‬ ͳ 0,18 m2

ܿ‫ݏݏ݋ݎ‬ ‫ܿ݁ݏ ݈ܽ݉ݎ݅ݐ‬ ‫݅ݐ‬ ‫ܣ‬ൌ݈‫ ܾ כ‬൅ ʹ ‫݄כ ܾכ‬ ൌ
ʹ
‫ ݎ‬ൌ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݕ‬ଶ ൌ 0,447214

‫݁݉݅ݎ‬ 1,394427 m
‫ ݁ݓ‬1‫݁݉݅ݎ ݐ‬ ‫݁ݐ‬ ܲ ൌ ‫ܤ‬൅ ʹ ‫ݎ‬ൌ
‫ݎ ݁ݐ‬

‫ܽݎ‬ ‫݅݀ܽݎ‬ ‫ܣ‬ 0,129085 m

݄ ‫݈ܿ݅ݑ ܽݎ‬ ‫ ܴ ݏ‬ൌൌ
ܲ
ͳ ଶൗ ଵൗ
ଷ‫כ‬ ଶ 1,505064 m/s
‫ ܿ݁ݏ݈݁ݒ‬3‫ݕݐ‬ ܸ ൌ‫ܴ כ‬ ܵ ௢ ൌ
݊

ܳ ଶ‫ܤ‬
‫݁݀ݑܨ‬ ݊ ‫ܾ݁݉ݑ‬ ‫ ݎܨݎ‬ൌ ൌ 0,801334 Sub critical
݃ ‫ܣ‬ଷ
 Subcatchmnet 1 PLTF 1 CHANNEL 1

flow Q50 post = 0,965709 m3/s

roughness coeff. n = 0,012
0,005
bottom width B = 0,5 m
side slope 1 2

‫݈ܽ݉ݎ‬
݊ ݀݁ ‫݄ݐ‬ ǫ
‫ݕ‬௡ ൌ
ଶൗ 1,040613
‫ܴܣ‬ ଷ ܳ ‫݊כ‬
଼ ൌଵ ൌ
ൗ ଼
‫ܤ‬ൗ
ଷ
ܵ ைଶ‫ ܤ‬ൗଷ

0,4
‫ݕ‬௡
‫׵‬ ൌ
‫ܤ‬
0,2 m
‫ݕ ׵‬௡ ൌ
‫݀݅ݓ ݐ‬1‫݄ݐ ݐ‬ ‫ݓ‬ൌ 1,3 m

ܿ‫ܿ݁ݏ ݈ܽ݉ݎ݅ݐ ܿ݁ݏ ݏݏݎ‬ ܽ ‫ܽ݁ݎ‬ ͳ

‫݅ݐ‬ ‫ܣ‬ൌ݈‫ ܾ כ‬൅ ʹ ‫݄כ ܾכ‬ ൌ 0,18 m2
ʹ
‫ ݎ‬ൌ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݕ‬ଶ ൌ 0,447214
‫݁݉݅ݎ‬
‫ ݁ݓ‬1‫݁݉݅ݎ ݐ‬ ‫݁ݐ‬ ܲ ൌ ‫ܤ‬൅ ʹ ‫ݎ‬ൌ
‫ݎ ݁ݐ‬ 1,394427 m

‫ܽݎ‬ ‫݅݀ܽݎ‬ ‫ܣ‬

݄ ‫݈ܿ݅ݑ ܽݎ‬ ‫ ܴ ݏ‬ൌൌ 0,129085 m
ܲ
ͳ ଶൗ ଵൗ
ଷ‫כ‬ ଶ 1,505064 m/s
‫݅ݐܿ݁ݏ݈݁ݒ‬3‫ݕݐ ܿ݁ݏ݈݁ݒ‬ ܸ ൌ‫ܴ כ‬ ܵ ௢ ൌ
݊

2,854881 Super critical

ܳ ଶ‫ܤ‬
‫݁݀ݑݎܨ‬ ݊ ‫ܾ݁݉ݑ‬ ‫ ݎܨݎ‬ൌ ൌ
݃ ‫ܣ‬ଷ
 Subcatchment 3 PLTF 3
flow Q = 0,200862175 m3/s
resistance / roughness coeff. n = 0,012
0,005
bottom width B = 0,5 m
side slope 1 2

‫݈ܽ݉ݎ‬
݊ ݀݁ ‫݄ݐ‬ ǫ
‫ݕ‬௡ ൌ
ଶൗ
‫ܴܣ‬ ଷ ܳ ‫݊כ‬
଼ ൌଵ ൌ 0,216441762
‫ܤ‬ൗ ଷ ൗଶ ଼ ൗ
ଷ
ܵ ை ‫ܤ‬

‫ݕ‬௡
ൌ 0,44 trial and error
‫ܤ‬
‫ݕ ׵‬௡ ൌ 0,22 m
‫݀݅ݓ ݐ‬1‫݄ݐ ݐ‬ ‫ݓ‬ൌ
1,38 m
ܿ‫ܿ݁ݏ ݈ܽ݉ݎ݅ݐ ܿ݁ݏ ݏݏݎ‬ ܽ ‫ܽ݁ݎ‬ ͳ
‫݅ݐ‬ ‫ܣ‬ൌ݈‫ ܾ כ‬൅ ʹ ‫݄כ ܾכ‬ ൌ
ʹ
0,2068 m2
‫ ݎ‬ൌ‫ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ‫ݕ‬ଶ ൌ
0,491934955
‫݁݉݅ݎ‬
‫ ݁ݓ‬1‫݁݉݅ݎ ݐ‬ ‫݁ݐ‬ ܲ ൌ ‫ܤ‬൅ ʹ ‫ݎ‬ൌ
‫ݎ ݁ݐ‬
1,48386991 m
‫ܽݎ‬ ‫݅݀ܽݎ‬ ‫ܣ‬
݄ ‫݈ܿ݅ݑ ܽݎ‬ ‫ ܴ ݏ‬ൌൌ
ܲ
0,139365317 m
‫ܥ‬௠ ଶൗ ଵൗ
ଷ‫כ‬ ଶ
‫݅ݐܿ݁ݏ݈݁ݒ‬3‫ݕݐ ܿ݁ݏ݈݁ݒ‬ ܸ ൌ ‫ܴכ‬ ܵ ௢ ൌ
݊ 1,583945472 m/s

ܳ ଶ‫ܤ‬
‫݁݀ݑݎܨ‬ ݊ ‫ܾ݁݉ݑ‬ ‫ ݎܨݎ‬ൌ ൌ 0,482195173 Sub critical
݃ ‫ܣ‬ଷ
8. Appendix B