CESC REVIEWER

COMMUNITY
- a group of any size where members have something in common.
- Latin word communis, which means “common” or “shared”.

GEOGRAPHICAL COMMUNITY
- a community where members share the same geographical vicinity

NON-GEOGRAPHICAL COMMUNITY
- a community formed based on needs, ideas, interests, identity,
practices, and roles in social institutions

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
- refers to the process of working collaboratively

SOLIDARITY
- a community where people observe unity among members based on
their common responsibilities, objectives and goals as a group.

CITIZENSHIP
- refers to the rights of a person

MICRO-LEVEL COMMUNITY
- a group is formed based on personal ties.

MACRO-LEVEL COMMUNITY
- large group affiliation is formed such as national communities

Different Types of Community

● Urban - high density of human population
● Suburban - where most people lives
● Rural - low density of human population

COMMUNITY DYNAMICS
- is also known as “biological succession”.
- the changes in community structure and composition over time.
COMMUNITY ACTION
 - includes various activities aimed at empowering people towards
becoming active contributors to the community building process.

3-key points
● UNDERSTANDING - raise an awareness about certain communal
issues that needs to be addressed.
● ENGAGEMENT - work collaboratively
● EMPOWERMENT - enable the people to independently decide,
plan-out and take action to control the situation they have in the
community.

SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE

- examines social relations and human society. It views the community
as composed of people interacting with one another.

ANTHROPOLOGY
- biology, behavior, culture and social interactions.
ECONOMICS
- production, allocation and consumption of goods and services.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
- allocating power, influence, decision-making.
PSYCHOLOGY
- studies the human mind, brain, and social behavior.

INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
- composed of diverse parts that function uniquely, a community

CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE

- has the control to impact the activities of chosen policy-makers and
businesses.

LOCAL GRASSROOT PERSPECTIVE

- highlights volunteerism

PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, CONSUMPTION

SOCIALIZATION
- a process that introduces people to social norms and customs.
SOCIAL CONTROL
- control of the society over individuals.
MUTUAL SUPPORT
- enables its members to cooperate in order to accomplish tasks

The Structure of a Community

● Connections - capacity to create linkages
● Power in number - support of the people in the community
● Rewards - the ability to provide awards
● Personal Traits/Expertise - based on charm, talent, and skills
● Legitimate Power - the leadership title
● Information - ability to keep or share information
● Coercion - influence through manipulation

Dimensions of a Community
● Technological - its tools, skills and way of dealing with the physical
environment
● Economics - means of production
● Political - allocating power, influence, and decision-making.
● Institutional -the ways people act, react, and interact with each
other,

The Community Support System

● Preventive Service - Parks, recreation, and Education
● Supportive Service - educational programs, counselling services,
health services, and etc.
● Rehabilitative Service - services enable or restore people's ability to
participate in the community effectively.

The Different Types of Typology

GEOGRAPHICAL COMMUNITY OR NEIGHBORHOOD

- focuses on the physical boundaries that make it distinct or
separate, such as river or a street.

COMMUNITY OF IDENTITY
- has common identifiable characteristics or attributes like culture,
language, music, religion, customs, and others.

COMMUNITY OF INTEREST OR SOLIDARITY

- incorporates social movements such as women’s rights,
environment, peace, and human rights.
INTENTIONAL COMMUNITY
- individuals that come together voluntarily and support each other.

COMMON CONTEXT
- people live in a similar setting and/or locality
COMMON EXPERIENCE
- people encounter a comparable experience individually or collectively.
COMMON UNDERSTANDING OF A ISSUE
- people have more or less a similar view of the issue at hand.

COMMON ANALYSIS
- people went through a process of analyzing the issue and may have a
similar take on the issue, partly or in a whole.

AN ACCEPTABLE STANDARD
- people usually establish a minimum standard in undertaking an action
together

AN ACTION THAT IS ACCEPTABLE IN THE COMMUNITY

- people discuss and agree on what action to take, who will take the
lead, who will do the supporting roles, and who will do other tasks.

RESILIENT COMMUNITIES
- community that easily gets back on its feet after a calamity and
continue with its existence.

VIGILANT COMMUNITIES
- community that is awake and alert in order to avoid dangers.

PROGRESSIVE COMMUNITIES
- community that adapts, go beyond their confines and conquer all
threats to the community.

ADAPTIVE COMMUNITIES
- community that acts on ideas and change the status by anticipating
future trends.

ACOUNTABLE COMMUNITIES
 - community that accepts the reaity of ownership and thus making its
members responsible for their own actions.

ENGAGEMENT
- connecting to the community and its people

PLANNING
- converting ideas into blueprints through meetings and discussion

IMPLEMENTATION
- action and realization of the set plans

DEVELOPMENT
- enhancing process for continuous implementation

SUSTAINABILITY
- meeting needs of stakeholders; pursued as a goal

RA 11223
- "Philipine Universal Health Care Act"
RA 10931
- "Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act"