NIT-2. Bosic Processing Unit * Fundamental Concepts stench presse” se aN TP céntrot signals (ek SY pats i Tnstruckion | Gorge 1 \| decodey ond | MAR | eco dey an Hemery 4 k———} |contvoh tegic type £ 38 > To exeade an smatyuchon, The PTS hor te perder The following three aber cessoY (a) Febch the contents of The memeng- | tocokion “gointed te by the PC The content of thor Location ave interpreted a an imbyuction to be I | | =.coc = they ave Dooded rake os ~ Symbol , Shion ea te coll can be mec ceed (by Adauming That athe memory “yp byte addverrable, increment the contends of Pc by 4, Ahab iv ec ged + + CY Comy oud the acho ppeciied by the iwfruetion ja the TR. > shop a and b unuobly weberied od Fekch phar > shep 3 “w vefered execukon ghat Ly Ayithmelie ond legie Unt ont ath the yespkers ove inferconnected WO Nagle cemmen bY ly the dota ond addvon bi bus ‘oie connected to the via mpe ond Mak Ly The inpud of tne antemol bose ord Lo the externod bed: Ly The confroh Line of the. memos, bur cannenten: ao he wworbruction ‘decoder ond | | control logic Bleck. : 5 Ly Pe sy vergornsle Soy byuing- the signals that contvos the operation | of alt uneks inaide the processor anh | _tnkeracking with dre memory bw. en of Are externa mend inkernal grecesy” bw » connected Ro The oudgod connected | | 4 eeLy Ro through 2 \ ave the genevol puspore veginken| bY, 2 ond TEMP ove uned by the processoY | Sor Remporory rkovage duving exeastion of yore indkruckons ee in ee one yeguster ¥ | cov) aconmmkonk value 4 to be povided | inputs of The ALU Lythe combanh & ured 4o increment | the Bee Oe (eae counkey. # Register Transfers Register “rome bs aantruction excation gnvolves & pequerce of Dkepr in which dota ove kyanpterved Syom one vyeguker fo anokher. | Ls For each veginker, tuo confvel Mgr | ove wed fe place the confents of the yeguster on dhe bw oY to Load the dodo on the bw iv! vyeginter ie tesa @vecasser, bu,iL : “he inpuk and oubpub of veginkey Bi ave | re ute tbo, cenbelled by | Hhe pignad Riz, and Bigut | by Wher Riz, B re to 2, de dodo on dhe bur ave footed inko Ki La Simileaty, when Riguk nek + 4 the. conker: of register Bi ore ploces on dhe bu. | Lb fay exomple, mov Rl, BH con PE aceomplorel an Follow > Enable the oudpot of yeguker @\ by pebhing Rout gp equa do 4. Ls aun placer the conkenkn of RI on the ereces” bw, <> Enoble the input of veguter R4 by quald to A. rebting R+in De fe ety i toa | precans bor inko vegnber RA.)eee ee ere rere nee ee seen rece rear eaet e ee eer ee cee nee seep eee ee ree seca d+ Fetching a bord Woyd From Memory Ls Te felch a word of informalion From wemors Lib moy be an Tanbrucdion in a prearn” oo) & on opevond ppectfred r | | | by te on jnpbraction, Lethe PrE~ODM brarbhey the vequired oddvend to the mar, whore oubga o connected fo The addvor Gane of Phe mamay bus ty AL Ihe dame Rime» operation oring Me & memory bw. Ly when the vequented akon owe vecesved Som memory, Thay oe dboyed in MOK vegishy, Lehn ripe vegater content» awkwed te other yegurters in The process” wo read abvak Ginn of the Memory -bus oda Lines ae MDRout a HDR et —_ MOR so a ‘Tnternok grocesser bu Fig: Connection and control rignals for yegister MD® 5Ly he connechion for veginter MOR ove hewn in the Aguve. Ly se har Pour conkvot Mgnol> La MbRin and MDReut conkre do the ‘internah bun {tne connection MOR ig and MORoué eonfrot the connection do the external bud. Ly For exomeles conader the imsbuckien prove CR), RE the acho an Follows ls MAR & LAT * Stork a Read operat on on The memory bw > Rout, MARin, Read 3 Wak By the MFC prema Facial) } yerpomse. yom the memory fa Load MOR from memon, bus MDRinE , WMFC Ss er — Cope) MDE out » R2inQ wha w Fe? Captain U's importance Pons sy 7 of git ti cated tarsnone -Faretion L, Th wa conkros Nanak called Memory ~ Fanebion - Completed. Ly Typkeatly , o coche wrth yergord to o memory read vequert in one deck cycle. Ly powevey, when a cache pan occas, She yequak & Pouoovded +o the main eremoyyy which inkvodues a deloy of pevevah check eycler LB yead tor) wrike vequank meq obve be intented By a yegpkey in memory aged alo deve’ L such Tle vegiskers are aot cached, DO Mrety access olways tale Oo ne- ob clock cyelor. | Ly Jo accommedede the variab lily in yenporme Kime, Ahe procev® wads anbil ab veco¥o on indicolvon dha vequerted vead froride} operadion har been completed. L, Thin indicadion control eegnal & cabled pumery —Fanehon Compl, Cnre)a@ Word Tn Memory j bythe derived addveas ip beaded inko MAR Ldn the dada fe be wribben ove loaded inko Mog ond write command ‘od imued Ly move We, CRI) vequi the Sellewing AAQuence= A) B\ouk » MARin 2) R2euk, WORia 7 3) MDRoutE , wrre w Enecahon Of A Complete LarhucTon wrge 1 connider the iaayucin App (4&3), RN ds the contents ego emoy bocaKon RB ko yeguter @\ Ly Execution dh iprtyedion vequdres dhe Pollowigg, oationy le Fetch the inhruetion | a. Febch the Fist opevond ¢ the conker of the maemery Jecafiion pointed fe by @3) 3. Perform dhe addithon fr Load the voutt inte @\Shep pele wo piece C\ shes Shee Sheps Pogye, MAR in Read, Selec +, AIA, Lin Zouk, PCin, Yin, WME MDReut , DRia RBeuk , MARin Read Rlout » Yin, WHFS MORout, Seed ¥, APY? Lin Zot, Rio, End. the instruction fetch oper ion wD caikded by loading the conbenbs of the & into dhe MAR ond ending a Read vequent to The membYy. The vebedd mgnal ae de ty tohich coured fhe rullkiplenen Mux do piled de combonk 4 Ain’ value + wedded do drs operand ich To dhe contort? ob od inpak Ty, © Ye PC Te updede ol ce vee phored an vegpies Z ved Syom The updated. value bs me yegnter Z back info the PC | | the woovd Petched Gem the mmmby > | Yooded inko Yur TRLy Skepy A. Dhvough 3 consiihude dhe inabrcdion | Fedch g hare Ly The tastruedion decoding wat inkerprets | rs canberios of the GR ob Are begnits of Me Abeps Stey¢ the conten of -regprbey 3 ove drawfevred do te nae ond memory ead operation a inidioded. The confenbs of Rl Avonferved Sor the do vegter y ) de greys addition wo when dhe vead operosion > compleded, dhe meer? ae v available in vegukyw Moe, Da inpwr of ALv mc ae aN Sele Y Xan eheore Pe ing gow dhe Avo prrdorened addidser operation of A rdored vegirbey Z skeet the dere Pentad bo Q\ vegister- Mon bar% Moldiple BUS Oropeizotion | ae | | > teri ate ao ‘ ond the ALU of @ PRC | Se ee yegisheed ove combined inks a ring bleck catted the syegintey Pile DTD vege KL having 3 gor Ly-eve ave two oudput, aUowing the centertr of tue dierent veginters tobe accessed nimubdanco’y, a | Liqhe third gork alleen Ane dada on do be Joaded into a Arard -veguter duxing Phe rome chock eyelr- Ly Buren A ond Bowe red bo Aronnfer Me poure operands oe The A and B inged» of AY Li The vyeault given by ALU, Kronoferred do the deskinadion over bus © . puv_conbios Hone Alo mey “pimphy qu one of ib | fuse -epesondr nga operand onmodihied ao bone ee Ram oy RB bud ¢ b& sa cremanton.Unt Used Fo knuyem Eliminate need eo add & uring Ae main ALO i fe Oe | fo Ye Oc |& conbol sequent dor The insbraction Add pica | Steg Ackon Pega, RB MARin > Reod, Tele WMO 2 a Mpeg» R28, TRin Rhea RSouB » Sek &, aa, Rein, End Ll. To enccute pokrvchiond » Ahe proceO owt have nome mend ot generabiyg, dhe cooked Nequenc nignals needed in dre proper vorieky of b comp devgners bechnigod ‘fo rove we « ode hin problem. The approach wre far idko one of HHP codegorie + jrovdestved coatrah ond ts The wequived contro& dona by dhe Sellowig- raformadion > corkenn of Mre conbyod dkee eouakey > coakerty of We tpkvrckion weginkey “5 conkers of tht condidion code fogr > exkernal ined Mgnolr, jush ob fate gad inkerrepe vequertsConteh Dkr eounked mnboinahoned wet | Ly The above Rguve explains co y eonbroh ovbeebs, | | Ae generate Te “equines depending 09 pier of ot bp ingedd. The decedig ond encoding Foreherh Ly By reperoding ore, deSarted block diogyam ix obboing te ™ ca the cent Agere provider o negerets ahgood Ly The rkep deceder oy Rime pte, ho the Une Pay each rep, contol pequenc? by iwilarby , the eke of jrobrackion decode! ccagaby ot a pegerade, Bine For each enacin wotruckion, } 4combined Nigneb Nir eg ee te CL oud) conoh Mana fo organization o | by thin Nene > Bor alk umbvacher, ant embyuction » duning Te os preon INS e Fy + Te. ODP #7 contreh >I courted a step qeuie | gre Zin der gener oc oe) ae BR tT | ted dairy Kime pbk | using Te oP ‘4 Pov on uncondskonal fodbranch inshracken and pe 09. Branch pov ea i Y controk Digna fet Ane Lhe below Proure give & ecru rod genevedes dns END ewabroh grok Brom Fre logic Dancdhoo Cae de te Ce BronhEO prot) re ae & & mor 9! Ganerokion of Ye JL signed End Conte gq R)-BRY + 7"