UNIVERSITY OF DAR ES SALAAM

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGIES(CoICT)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
(ETE)

FINAL YEAR REPORT PROGRESS REPORT

PROJECT TITLE: AI BASED HEALTH MONITORING AND

DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM

Student Name: BWIRE, APRIAN T

Reg. No.: 2020-04-00936

Course BSc. In Telecommunication Engineering

Academic Supervisor’s Name: DR. EVA SHAYO

Supervisors Signature

Submission Date: 14th December 2023

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 ABSTRACT
The aim of this project is to develop and implement a health monitoring system using IoT
technology that can monitor vital signs and provide diagnosis in real time. The system consists of
sensors, AI module, and mobile-based system. The sensors measure the body temperature and
heart rate of the users and transmit the data to the AI module. The AI module analyzes the data
and generates diagnosis based on medical guidelines and best practices. The mobile-based
system allows the users to access their vital signs and diagnosis, and also suggest appropriate
actions or referrals. The system will be tested and evaluated within the two semesters of my
final year (2023/2024) and will be able to show promising results in terms of accuracy, reliability
and how well it solves the problem. The system can improve the quality of life, well-being, and
safety of the users, and also reduce the costs and workload of the healthcare system and also
people will be able to know their health status.

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 INTRODUCTION

The Health Monitoring System using IoT is an innovative project designed to simplify
healthcare.

This system continuously monitors vital signs and health parameters, providing real-time data
and diagnostics. monitor and assess vital health parameters in real-time. This system aims to
provide individuals with a comprehensive and proactive approach to healthcare by continuously
tracking and analyzing crucial physiological data.

By leveraging the power of IoT devices and sensors, this project offers a seamless and efficient
method to monitor health conditions, enabling timely interventions and diagnostics helping to
identify problems earlier before they get worse.

Benefits

Continuous Monitoring: Traditional healthcare systems often rely on periodic check-ups.

However, the Health Monitoring System offers 24/7 continuous monitoring. Patients can go
about their daily lives while the system tracks their health parameters in real time. This proactive
approach allows for early detection of anomalies and timely intervention.

Remote Accessibility: Whether you’re at home, work, or traveling, the system ensures that your
health data is accessible remotely. Doctors, caregivers, and family members can monitor your
well-being from anywhere, enhancing patient care and reducing hospital visits.

Personalized Insights: The system collects data on heart rate, blood pressure, temperature,
oxygen saturation, and possibly more. By analyzing this information, it provides insights on your
health condition.

Emergency Alerts: In critical situations, the system can trigger emergency alerts. For instance,
if a patient’s heart rate spikes or oxygen levels drop significantly, the system notifies healthcare
providers immediately. This rapid response can be life-saving.

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Cost-Efficiency: By minimizing unnecessary hospital visits and preventing complications, the
Health Monitoring System reduces healthcare costs. It optimizes resource allocation and
streamlines medical services.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the current world that we live in, people rarely go for regular check ups unless they feel ill or
something is not right in their body, even though a person might be intrigued to go for daily
checkups the costs of performing them are high (in private hospitals) and you have to endure the
long waiting times to be checked which might be discouraging, and thus people rarely know their
health status.

The current health monitoring systems that are mostly integrated in smart watches and mobile
devices only display the vital signs without providing diagnostics or predicting the health status
based on the current condition.

Solving this problem will enable people to know their, current health status on a daily basis and
take any preventive actions before the situation worsens. Furthermore, it will save time and
money for the individual, as he/she will be able to access his/her well-being any time.

The main stakeholders of this problem are the patients(individuals). The patients need a system
that can monitor their vital signs continuously, provide accurate and timely diagnosis, and
suggest appropriate actions or referrals.

OBJECTIVES

Main Objective

The main objective of this project is developing and implementing a system capable of real-time
monitoring of vital signs in our bodies and providing the appropriate diagnosis of the specific
condition.

Specific Objectives

• Develop a dashboard that allows users to view their vital signs and receive diagnosis
immediately after measuring.

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 • Use temperature and heartbeat sensors to monitor the body temperature and heart rate of
the users continuously and wirelessly
• Integrate an AI module that uses machine learning and natural language processing to
analyze the sensor data and generate diagnosis based on medical guidelines and best
practices.
• Provide diagnosis for the users in the form of text, audio, or video, and suggest
appropriate actions or referrals based on the severity and urgency of their condition.

METHODOLOGY

S/N Specific Objective Method Result(s)

1 Develop a Using a simple display that will be able to An interface to
dashboard that output the measured values plus the view the health
allows users to view diagnosis status
their vital signs and
receive diagnosis
immediately after
measuring.
2 To monitor the body Use Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to connect the Wireless
temperature and sensors to the system, and ensure the data communication
heart rate of the transmission is secure and encrypted using between the
users continuously Oauth. sensors and the
and wirelessly mobile
application.
3 Integrate an AI Use the TensorFlow and Keras frameworks AI Based
module that uses for machine learning, and the Kaggle and feedback system
machine learning spaCy libraries for natural language that provides the
and natural processing. I will also use the Google general
language processing Cloud Platform for cloud computing and diagnosis.
to analyze the storage.
sensor data and

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 generate diagnosis Also, a consultation with professional
based on medical doctors on the symptoms of the most
guidelines and best common diseases that affect our
practices. community so as to generate the most
relevant diagnosis.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 1: Block Diagram of the Proposed System

LITERATURE REVIEW

INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM REFERENCES

• The World Health Organization (WHO) Estimates that more than 1 in 3 adults
(33%) have high blood pressure (Hypertension) and the other bad news is that the
problem still remains largely hidden.
Many people do not know they have high blood pressure because it does not
always have symptoms.

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Review of Recent Related Studies

Alamsyah and Ikhlayel developed a monitoring system based on an IoT that can detect vital
signs to help physicians diagnose and monitor their patients’ health status. The system uses
sensors to collect vital signs such as Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Body Temperature. The
data from the sensors are gathered and processed by Raspberry Pi before being uploaded to the
cloud. The data can be retrieved remotely through a mobile app that allows easy access for
medical staff. The results of retrieving vital-sign data show that the instrument was developed
and the system was tested and evaluated reasonably but it had no diagnostic system.

The real-time health-monitoring solution proposed by Sangeethalakshmi et al. continuously

monitors patients wirelessly via a mobile app and GSM. Sensors capture vital signs that are
transmitted to the cloud via Wi-Fi. The system consists of a data-acquisition module, a
microcontroller (ESP32), and software. This system regularly measures and stores the patient’s
Blood Pressure, Blood Temperature, Heart Rate, and Oxygen Concentration and transmits the
data to the physician’s cell phone for analysis. The system also includes an alert system in which
the physician’s cell phone receives a message when the patient’s vital signs are outside
acceptable parameters. However, the system is only a prototype that still needs to be evaluated,
tested, and calibrated.

Using Raspberry Pi 3, Swaroop et al. [20] developed an IoT-based real-time health-monitoring

system. Data creation, acquisition, processing, communication, and access are the main phases of
the system structure. Health data such as HR, BT, and BP were measured. The data are
transmitted through modes such as BLE, GSM, and Wi-Fi, i.e., mobile applications, messaging
services, and the Internet. It was found that the latency is low, and there is no significant delay
between sending and receiving data. Thus, the system’s accuracy is limited to the accuracy of the
sensors.

Various healthcare-monitoring systems that are based on the IoT have been discussed. These
systems are very beneficial for both patients and medical professionals. Arduino, Raspberry Pi,
NodeMCU, and Atmega are the four main embedded systems used to develop most existing
health-monitoring systems. These embedded systems monitor patients’ health in real-time to
ensure they receive the appropriate treatment on time. There are several research holes in the
currently available IoT-based healthcare-monitoring systems whereby most of the systems do not

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have a diagnostic system to help the users know their health conditions the diagnostic systems
were manually done by the doctor which was not convenient.

WORK DONE SO FAR

Literature Review: Studies have been done on the existing systems that involve the health
monitoring system, whereby from my findings, it has been observed that many of the existing
systems lack a diagnostic tool to predict the current situation the user is in. For instance, the
modern smartwatches have a temperature and heart beat sensor but they do nit provide
diagnostics when they fall to abnormal levels.

Establishment of System Requirements: Through questionnaires and research I was able to

come up with the sensor requirements and the AI model to be constructed.

TIME SCHEDULE

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 APPROXIMATED BUDGET

ITEM QUANTITY AMOUNT

Arduino Uno ATmega328P 1 35,000 /=
Microcontroller
Esp8266 Wi-Fi Module 1 20,000/=
Pulse Sensor 1 10,000/=
Temperature Sensor 1 15,000/=
Mobile Application - -
LCD Display 16 x 2 1 8,000/=
(Alternative to the App)
Transport 30,000/=
Contingency 20,000/=

The cost may vary depending on the progress and requirements of the project

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 REFERENCES

The Citizen (2021, March 21). Zero - The price it should cost to get medical checkup, The
Citizen,

Ni, J. (2023, September 19). First WHO report details devastating impact of hypertension and
ways to stop it. World Health Organization (WHO)

World Health Organization. "Health statistics and information systems-MMR". Archived from
the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2014.

National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty II, Tanzania Ministry of Finance and
Economic Affairs, July 2010, page 73, accessed 26 October 2014.

Alamsyah M.S., Ikhlayel M., Setijadi E. Internet of things–based vital sign monitoring system.
Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 2020;10:5891–5898. doi: 10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp5891-5898.

Manoj A.S., Hussain M.A., Teja P.S. Patient health monitoring system using IoT. [(accessed on 5
October 2022)];Mater. Today Proc. 2021 :2214–7853.

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