Fundamentals of Pathophysiology in Nursing

Topics to be discussed:
- Overview of the Pathophysiology.
- Medical Pathophysiology vs Nursing Pathophysiology.
- Structure of the Diagram including the legends and colors.
- Step by Step in making Pathophysiology.
- Shows and make sample of pathophysiology. (Acitivity to make a simple Pathophysiology).
OVERVIEW OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
History:
- Since life exist there are factors that contributing diseases through environment, genes (congenital defects, physical appearance) or
pathogen exposures; that affect living things such as the mamals.
- When the human exist, up to their extent of knowledge, disease known as the blessings from their beliefs or curse came from the
withcrafts, possessed, etc. Concept of traditional/ alternative medicines/ albularyo. (lagundi/cough, sambong/edema, ampalaya/DM,
bawang/hypertension).
- Estimation 3000 - 2000 BC, infections.
- Primative person/ caveman (hunters) up to past civilizations to present.
- Hippocrates: Father of Medicine 200 AD.
-Improving the science of medicine, nursing and pharmacy up to common era 21st Century.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Physiological process of disorder which focus on the underlying mechanisms that causes abnormal state, specifically functional
changes to any particular disease or syndrome. (External and Internal Factors).
- External Factors: Pathogens.
- Internal Factors: Immune System, that causes Immunodeficiency, Hypersensitivity or Autoimmune.

BOTH MEDICINE AND NURSING

- Describes systematically and comprehensively a condition of how the development and outcome of pathological process to the
client.
MEDICAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- A disease process using medical discipline in a form of selected specialty or general knowledge of medicine.
- The diagrams are accompanied by forms of cellular biology, and even chemical reactions of the body that relates to the action of
the drugs, laboratory and diagnostics.
- Medical discipline such as Internal Medicine related to Cardiology, Nephrology/ Obstetrics related to Surgery, Infectious.
NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- A disease process using nursing discipline in a form of selected Nursing Process.
- Assessment, which reflects clinical manifestations such as signs and symptoms.
- Nursing Diagnosis, wherein the nurse must focused based on a client’s manifestations.
- Nursing Intervention, where there are specific flowcharts such as Drugs, Treatment and Procedure as ordered, Therapeutics, Diet
Therapy, etc.
BASIC STEPS in MAKING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. ETIOLOGY (RISK FACTORS).
- Modifiable (Predisposing):
A. Age (Polypharmacy, Functional dependency, comorbidity, seonsory impairment).
B. Genetics (History of disease, family bloodline).
C. Idiopathic (Depression, Autoimmune).
- NonModifiable (Precipitating):
A. Stress (sleep deprivation, pain).
B. Environment (2nd hand smoke).
C. Lifestyle (Food intake).
D. Untreated preventable diseases (UTI Infection).
2. PATHOGENESIS
- An onset, disorder than develops due to certain etiology.
- Exist before proression of disease process.
- Each Pathogenesis has its own disease process or branches. (Possible for cross pathophysiologic concept (metastasis).
- For patient based, initial laboratory and diagnostic abnormality occurs.
- at least 1-2 rows with 1-3 boxes, or more than 2 branches.
3. DISEASE PROCESS
- The body of Pathophysiology; progression and maintenance of diseases.
- This include explanation of incubation period, prodromal period, period of illness, convalescene to declining progress of diseases.
- Body reaction responses to Physiology vs Pathophysiology. (Inclusion of increase vs decrease).
- Disease process may lead to Clinical Manifestations (signs and symptoms).
- At least 2-3 with a maximum of 7 rows of boxes, with limited branches of at least 4.
4. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS (Signs and Symptoms)
- Observed or Detectable Signs via Assessment.
- Subjective is an Experience or Reportable Symptoms.
- Clinical Manifestation must have a Nursing Diagnosis.

5. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Sub-box with different shape, colors and arrows according to the given situation.
- This consist of Nursing Diagnosis, Pharmacology, Laboratory and Diagnostics, Therapeutic or Treatment Procedure
such as Minor or Major surgery, Diet Therapy etc.