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Chapter 6 - 6LoWPAN and Wireless Embedded Internet
Chapter 6 - 6LoWPAN and Wireless Embedded Internet
v 128-bit IPv6 address: each 16 bit values (four hex digits) separated by
colons, one sequence of all-zero 16-bit values can be replaced by a double
colon indicating a longer sequence of zeros.
v Unicast, Anycast, Multicast address
v Unicast address:
ü Global Unicast
ü Local Unicast addresses: involves IP adaptation
v Link local
ü Connected devices in local area
ü Prefix: FE80::/10
v Global Unicast
ü This address is similar to the Public IPv4 address, meaning that this address is
routed and used on the Internet.
001xxxxx
IPv6 - 40 Bytes
protected by a checksum.
ü IPv6 routers do not need to
recompute a checksum when
header fields (such as the hop
limit change)
ü The TTL field of IPv4 has been
renamed to Hop Limit
Source Port 16 bits Destination Port 16 bits
ü Length 40 Bytes UDP 8
Bytes Length 16 bits Checksum 16 bits
127 B
SFD: 10101011
The first byte is used to defined the next header. For example, if the first 2 bits are 11, the
next header is a fragmentation header
IPv6 - 40 Bytes
ü The packet length can be inferred
from the frame length field of the
IEEE 802.15.4 frame (or from the
datagram size field of the fragment
header when present).
ü Common value for the TC and
flow label is 0.
UDP 8 Bytes
Source Port 16 bits Destination Port 16 bits
ü Next header is UDP, TCP, or ICMP
(2 bits) Length 16 bits Checksum 16 bits
v Need 11 bytes
v Need 7 bytes
v Low power and Lossy Network (LLN) consists of an edge router (also
called as LLN Border Router LBR), Router(R) and Host(H):
ü H chooses only the default router
ü R forwards traffic
ü ROLL operates only within LoWPAN and terminates at LBR
v Distance‐Vector
ü advertise path cost (routing metric)
ü choose a parent (default router/
next hop) that minimize path cost
ü Avoids loops & count‐to‐infinity
v Assign every node a rank
ü Node Rank: Relative position
within a DODAG
ü Rank strictly decreasing towards
the root
v Parents & Siblings
ü Parents –nodes with lower ranks
ü Siblings –nodes with same ranks
v Non-storing mode
ü Only the root stores routes to the all
routers in WSNs
ü Calculates routes to all destination by
piecing together the info (address of the
routers) collected from DAO messages
ü Data forwards using source routing
v Storing mode:
ü Requires more storage capacities and
memory on each router
ü Efficient communications
ü Extra mechanism to avoid loops (e.g. use
of RPL packet information)
v Non‐storing mode:
ü Does not require additional state on the
routers, but increases the message
overhead
ü Traffic through the root node increases
for internal traffic (e.g. P2P traffic within
a 6LoWPAN)
1 4
F D E
1
1 1 1
1
G H I
1
G H I
1
G H I
1 1
A B C
1
1 1
1 4
F D E
1
1 1 1
1
G H I
G H
Non-storing mode
Storing mode
1 1
G H
Non-storing mode
Storing mode
1
Dest Next
Hop
G:: G
1
F D
H:: H
1 1
G H
Non-storing mode
Storing mode
G H
Non-storing mode
Storing mode
1
Dest Next
Hop
G:: G
1
F D
H:: H
1 1
G H
Non-storing mode
Storing mode
G H
Non-storing mode
Storing mode
1 1
A B C
1
1 1
1 4
F D E
1
1 1 1
1
G H I
Non-storing mode
Storing mode