LECTURE 1

Enterprise architecture (EA): a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design,
planning, and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful
development and execution of strategy”.

EA = S + B + T
Enterprise Architecture = Strategy + Business + Technology
Governance involves the processes and groups responsible for planning, decision-making, and
oversight to develop and maintain EA within the organization's overall governance structure.
Methodology encompasses the specific steps and approaches used to establish and maintain the
EA program. Together, these elements guide the systematic development and management of an
organization's architecture.
Framework which defines the scope of the architecture and how different sub-architecture levels
and threads are related. These threads consist of security, standards, and workforce, while sub-
architecture levels include strategic direction, business practices, information flows, systems and
applications, and technology resources. Not all frameworks can integrate strategy, business, and
technology planning.
Artifacts outlines the types and methods of documentation used in each sub-architecture area,
such as strategic analyses, business plans, internal controls, security controls, and various models
like workflow, databases, systems, and networks. This core element also encompasses the online
repository where these artifacts are stored, facilitating the management and accessibility of
architectural documentation.
Standards The fifth core element is "standards" which identify business and technology standards
for the enterprise in each domain, segment, and components of the EA. This includes recognized
international, national, local and industry standards as well as enterprise-specific standards.
Best Practices The sixth core element is "Associated Best Practices" which are proven ways to
implement parts of the overall architecture or sub-architectures, in context of the over-arching
EA.
Enterprise architecture is accomplished through a management program and an analysis and
design method.

A management Program, EA Provides:

1. Strategic Alignment: Connects goals, activities, and resources
2. Standardized Policy: Resource governance and implementation
3. Decision Support: Financial control and configuration management
4. Resource oversight: Lifecycle approach to development/management
An analysis and design method, EA provides:
1. EA Approach: The framework, analysis/design method, and artifact set
2. Current Views: Views of as-is strategies, processes, and resources
3. Future Views: Views of to-be strategies, processes' and resources
4. EA Management Plan: A plan to move from the current to the future EA

Strategic Alignment
EA supports strategic planning and other operational resource planning processes by providing
macro and micro views of how resources are to be leveraged in accomplishing the goals of the
enterprise. This helps to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of these resources, which in
turn will help to promote the enterprise’s competitive capabilities.

Standardized Policy

• EA supports the implementation of standardized management policy pertinent to the

development and utilization of IT and other resources.
• By providing a holistic, hierarchical view of current and future resources, EA supports the
establishment of policy for:
• Identifying strategic and operational requirements ,
• Determining the strategic alignment of activities and resources
• Developing enterprise-wide business and technology resources
• Prioritizing the funding of programs and projects
• Overseeing the management of programs and projects
• Identifying performance metrics for programs and projects
• Identifying and enforcing standards and configuration management
Decision Support

• EA provides support for IT resource decision-making at the executive, management, and

staff levels of the enterprise.
• At the executive level, EA provides visibility for large IT initiatives and supports the
determination of strategic alignment.
• At the management level, EA supports design and configuration management decisions,
as well as the alignment of IT initiatives with technical standards for voice, data, video,
and security.
• At the staff level, EA supports decisions regarding operations, maintenance, and the
development of IT resources and services.

Resource Oversight

• EA supports standardized approaches for overseeing the development of capabilities and

optimizing supporting resources. Depending on the scope of the resources involved and the
available timeframe for development, various system development lifecycle methods can
be used to reduce the risk that cost, schedule, or performance parameters may not be met.
• EA further supports standardized, proven approaches to project management that promote
the comprehensive and effective oversight of ongoing programs and new development
projects.
• Finally, EA supports the use of a standardized process for selecting and evaluating
investment in IT resources from a business and financial perspective.
 CHATGPT KEY POINTS

1. **Enterprise Architecture (EA)** is a structured approach that encompasses analysis, design,

planning, and implementation. It uses a holistic perspective to support an organization's successful
strategy execution, and it can be simplified as EA = Strategy + Business + Technology.

2. **Core Elements of EA** include Governance, Methodology, Framework, Artifacts, Standards, and
Best Practices. These elements guide the systematic development and management of an
organization's architecture.

3. **Governance** involves planning, decision-making, and oversight processes within the organization
to develop and maintain EA.

4. **Methodology** provides specific steps and approaches for establishing and maintaining the EA
program.

5. **Framework** defines the scope of the architecture and the relationships between sub-
architecture levels and threads, including security, standards, and workforce.

6. **Artifacts** specify the types and methods of documentation used in each sub-architecture area
and are stored in an online repository.

7. **Standards** identify business and technology standards for the enterprise, including international,
national, local, industry, and enterprise-specific standards.

8. **Best Practices** offer proven methods for implementing architecture components within the
overarching EA.
9. EA is achieved through a **management program** providing strategic alignment, standardized
policy, decision support, and resource oversight. It also includes an **analysis and design method**
consisting of the framework, current and future views, and an EA management plan.

10. **Strategic Alignment** in EA supports strategic planning and resource management, enhancing
efficiency and promoting the enterprise's competitive capabilities.

11. **Standardized Policy** is facilitated by EA through hierarchical views of current and future
resources. This supports various aspects like identifying requirements, aligning activities and resources,
developing business and technology resources, funding programs and projects, overseeing
management, establishing performance metrics, and enforcing standards and configuration
management.

12. **Decision Support** provided by EA aids IT resource decision-making at executive, management,

and staff levels, helping with strategic alignment, design, configuration management, and alignment
with technical standards.

13. **Resource Oversight** is supported by standardized approaches to overseeing capability

development, project management, and the selection and evaluation of IT resource investments from a
business and financial perspective.