POLITY AND GOVERNANCE  10th SC COI: defec on

106th Amendment Act, 2023  102 [1] & 191 [1]: office of profit, unsound mind, insolvent, not cit
 provide for one-third reserva on to women in the Lok Sabha, State  RPA, 1951: HC  elec on void – appeal  SC
Assemblies and the assembly of NCT of Delhi Panel of Vice-chairperson – RS – all women ** Rules of RS
 am 239AA [NCT] + ins 330A [LS] + 332A[states] + 334A [15Y, del -rot]  CH nominates from among members
Need Concerns  CH/ Dy CH absent: any one of them can preside
Under-rep [14% P + 8% SLA] Against inequality [merit]  CH/Dy CH vacant: cannot  Prez – apt mem of house
Patriarchal nature of PP Restricts voters’ choice Prison reforms – rep – Parl com
Overcome entry barriers Not homogeneous group as Highlights Recommenda ons Steps by centre
caste Overcrowding – B 23: Support to poor 7th SCH – SL –
Gender sensi za on of pub pol Less impact on pol emp of W 130% [occupancy] + prisoners’ prisons & persons
Local level res success Disparity – not 1/3rd in each S/UT 77% [undertrial] programme detained
Nudge women-led development Geeta Mukherjee com: RS + LC Understaffed: 30% SG – prison dvp fund MHA: Model prison
Simultaneous elec ons – Ram Nath Kovind com 0.6 of P budget – Trackable bracelets manual 2016
 synchronize LS, SLA, M/C & PRI elec ons such that voters in edu + 1% welfare [JK – UAPA]
par cular cons tuency vote on the same day. Public servants lose immunity in pre-2014 corrup on case
 Doesn’t mean - vo ng across the country for all elec ons needs to  DSPE Act, 1946: - inves gate case of bribary, corrp ag C govt emp -
happen on a single day sec 6A[unconstn] CBI prior sanctn C govt -rank of JS [SC – retrosp eff]
Arguments for Challenges  Art 20[1] – no ex-post facto, no double jeopardy, no self-
Governance imp – MCC Opera onal: extend/curtail term incrimina on  retrospec ve limita on only on criminal laws & not
Expenditure: 19 – 10K cr – CMS Amend A 83,85,172,174,356 civil or tax laws
D
Security forces dep – 6M – 2-5 S Logis c: twice EVM
Disrupt normal life Voter behaviour: nat issue dom INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Polarisa on – caste, religion Lack of familiarity with idea India and G20 – theme: Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam – 1 E,Fam, Fut
issue  Intn eco coop – discuss – pressing issues – global economy
Populist policies Poli cal ac/c? + job crea on - GR  Founded in 1999 – Asian FC – forum – FM & CB gov
Recommenda ons: Law C [170th report, 1999] + Parl St. C – 2 phase  Annual summit – rota ng presidency
sync electn + NITI: premature dissol – new house – rest of org term +  Presidency is supported by Troika – pvs, current & incoming Pres
Law C [dra rep]: replace no conf motn - construc ve vote of no -  Two parallel tracks: Finance track and Sherpa track
conf  Doesn’t have permanent secretariat and staff
Ar ficial intelligence and elec ons Key outcomes of G20 summit New Delhi declara on
Role of AI Concerns  ND declara on  Harnessing data for dvp
Predic ve modelling Manipula on - deepfake  Launch global biofuel alliance  Est Start-up 20 Engagement gp
social media analysis Defama on of public figure  IMEC  UNGA 75/1 [unsc] ref – 1st
Assist candidate – connect - aud Erode public trust in elec ons  African Union as perm mem me
Real me data analysis lack of regula on Significance for India  Jaipur call for Ac on for
Efficiency – performance Accuracy and data quality  Showcase leadership enhancing MSME
measure  Voice of global south  Chennai HL pr – blue eco
Par cipa ve democracy Cyber security – privacy  Economic opp – trade & inv  Gandhinagar implementa on
Personality rights  Expand IN’s footprint – roadmap: land degrada on
 right of a person to protect his/her personality under the right to culture, tech, heritage  Launch: Resource efficiency
privacy or property  Steering global agenda & circular eco ind coali on,
 protect privacy of individuals, ind’s right to derive eco benefits out reshaping world order travel for life
of their personality traits, and consumers from misleading adv India’s G20 priori es: green dvp, climate finance, LiFE, Digital pun
 not expressly men oned in any statute in IN or intn conventn infra, inclusive, resilient growth, mul lateral inst for 21st century,
 Two components of personality rights: accelerate progress on SDG, women led dvp
o Right to publicity: Trade Marks Act, 1999 & Copyright Act, 1957 India-Middle East Europe Economic Corridor
o Right to privacy: A21 – Pu aswamy case  Aim: provide reliable and cost-effec ve cross-border ship=to-rail
 Judicial interpreta ons: n/w
o Titan industries case: Delhi HC – PR – not to intrude in pvt space  IN, US, Saudi, EU, UAE, FR, Ger, Italy | railroad, ship-to-rail, road n/w
o Deepa Jayakumar case: Madras HC – PR cease to exist a er  IN [Mum], UAE [Jabel Ali, Al Ghuwaifat], Saudi [Haradh, Riyadh, Al-
death Haditha], Israel [Haifa], Greece [Piraeus]
o Sakshi Malik: Bombay HC – using other img w/o consent – illegal  Part of partnership for global infra & inv [G7 2021 summit – other
o Arun Jaitley C: delhi HC – popularity on internet = pop in reality project – Trans-African Corridor]
 Interna onal conven ons: Rome C, TRIPS agreement  Significance for IN: speed up trade, reduce logis c, Act West boost
 Challenges: COI conflict[ART 19 – media], Leg frm absent, dark Significance Concerns
pa ern Shi of global order twd Eurasia Complex geopoli cs of region
Secretariat of parliament Trade facilita on and Rivalries: China [BRI], Egypt
 Cons tu onal provisions: A 98 [Parl], 187 [SL] accessibility [Suez]
 Structure: Adm control [presiding officer], adm head [Sec gen – rank Enhanced regional connec vity Logis cs: mul modal + terrain
eq to cab sec], rec & COS [LS/RS sec rules] Diploma c collabora on Security
 Other info: Presiding off – create new post – Consulta on - FM mand Secure regional supply chains Cost escala on bz mul modal
 Func ons of secretariat: secretarial assistance [fn of P], record of Sustainable dvp Lack of fin commitment
day-to-day proceedings, payment of salary & other allowances, Reasons for India’s rising interest in Middle East:
serving various parl com, prepare research & ref mat, SG aid & Improved sec & pol stab + geopol in [marine trade route] + energy
advice PO sec + diaspora [8 Mn IN] + defence [ bil agreem – UAE, Saudi, Oman,
 Limita ons: leg fmw absent, lack of autonomy, LO indp cadre Israel]
108 migrants from Pakistan awarded ci zenship in Gujarat African Union: Permanent member of G20
 COI: commencement A [5-8] + 11 – Parliament about Con nental body + 55 member states
 Ci zenship Act, 1955 – sec 5 [reg of cit of I], 6 – naturlzn – min - Genesis 2002 – successor of Org of Af Unity [ 1963 – 99]
ABP aim Promote eco dvp + inc coop & integratn of AF states
 Naturaliza on: ord res – 12Y – 11y/14 + 12M date of app precede HQ Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Disqualifica on of lawmakers Significance of inclusion of AU in G20
 RPA, 1951: sec 8[4] – convicted – 2Y +  imprison – period + 6Y For G20 IN Africa
Af pot – 60% w ren Championing cause Inclusivity
energy assets of GS + resources
Boost credibility of its Align with IN’s asp: Correc ng imbalance
policies & decisions mul polar W order
G20 representa ve UNSC perm seat: IN Signal twd growth of
sp from AU Africa
India’s efforts in promo ng integra on with African con nent
 PANEP [Pan Afr E nw proj] ICT proj connect AU mem + sat + fib op –
IN
 IN AF forum summit
 IN tech & eco coop pgm
 Asia AF growth corridor: IN & Japan
Global biofuel alliance
 Launched: IN + Singapore, BNG, Italy, Brazil, Argen, Mauri us & UAE
 Aim: fostering global collab 4 adv & widespread adop of biofuels
 Data: over 80% global sustainable biofuel produc on is
concentrated in just 4 markets: US, Brazil, Europe and Indonesia
Benefits for IN Significance Challenges
Boost ini: PM-Jivan, Develop market for lack of clear def
SATAT, GOBARdhan biofuels tech transfer
Inc farmer income Robust standards geopol contesta on
Red oil import – 80% Climate effort slow growth
Nat target: 20% eth bl Decarbonize trans produc on rel
Opp for industries sec challenges
Awareness
India as Global unifier – VASUDHAIVA KUTUMBAKAM
 World is one family – value of all life – human, animal, plant &
microorg + interconnectedness
 Found in Mahaupanishad – Hitopadesha [Narayan Pandit
 Yatra vishwam bhava eka needam [ the world is a nest]
 Vasudhaa [earth], iva [like], Kutumbakam [large/extended family]

How is IN ac ng Challenges
 Env cons: Mission LiFE  Balancing na onal interest
 Digital public infrastructure  Different power centres
 Energy transi on: G biofuel A  Common norms for
 Incl mult: voice GS + AU – G20 conten ous issues
 Cap buil: IN tech & eco coop  Hard power
 Yoga: so power  Iden ty poli cs – us vs them
 Showcasing unique & div cul
India the voice of global south
 Concept can be traced back to Brandt Report of 1980, div btw N &
S countries-based tech adv GDP, and standard of living
 Why IN? Historical & phil appeal – NAP, Vasu Kutum, Eco & geopol
clout, bridge btw dvped & dvping world, resp partner
Challenges faced by GS: underrep in global forum, geopol conflict, CC
challenge, lack of consensus on issues like demo, HR
IND as leader of GS Ini a ves by IN for GS
 Good will: Vaccine maitri  Millet & other ancient grains
 Democra ze climate gov: CBDR intn res ini [MAHARISHI] – food
 Reforms in mul inst: UNSC sec
 Alt app – norma ve issues: HR  GS centre of exc,S&T ini, young
 Capacity building diplomats forum, scholarships
 Collabora ve dialogue  G20 satellite mission for env and
climate obs
Challenges for IN in leading GS: balancing na onal interest, limited
resources, Chinese compe on
Group of 77 [G77]: est in 1964 + 134M + largest dvping countries in org
in UN + provide means for GS countries promote collec ve eco interest
