7.1 INTRODUCTION ‘A machine is built by joining togeth ‘The requirement of sliding joints Fwever, in engineering practice, fixe load.embly of a machine st commonly ichable joints are fo “keyed members, 1m. this chaptet, the, ower joints, and pinned joints ints all pin, an welded joints 7.2. RIVETED JOINTS as 1 end called the head and a long part | bar consisting of an upsel 7.2. In the riveting process, the shank passes through a “in the plates which are to be joined together and then a second head, ¢ 4 “formed on the tail of the rivet. If the point is “the cold working Process, then it is called cold the tail f re eit of the rivet is first heated formed by upset the process is erally used for is employed indocile materials, namely low carbon steel C15, nickel alloy also made from non-ferrous materials such as copper, ald erosive properties where strength is not a major requirement, sraterial should have tensile strength more than 350. N/mm? antl late emt. Persie BIS has also recommended standard tests, According to of manufactured rivets are subjected to bending and flattening shank is bent cold and hammered until the two. ends of the sh diner without cracking. In the flattening test, the rivet head is Mat fimes the diameter of shank and yet it does not crack at the ed5 with taper neck is used for obta 10, 12. 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, vt hole is kept slightly larger a Ct eize due to upset forging. ae ihe diameter of tne ate the inc! ease in riV' terms are most commonly used. rivets and parallel to the edge of th the centres of Oizo known as the pitch Fine (Figure 7.6).iyeted joint, the rivets should always be pl force so thal maximum stress indueed it fe 0 joint is based upon the conventional assumption that th all the rivets. However, the actual load distribution in the riveted | and depends upon so many factors that no mathematical model ean ep gistribution. In general, the riveted joint is analyzed on the basis of the followi ng. assumption, ited in proportion to the sh (Rivets are loaded in shear and the load is distribu of the rivets, Gi) There are no bending or direct stresses in rivets. (ii) Rivet holes in the plate do not weaken the plate in compression. Rivets after assembly completely fill the holes, Friction between adjacent surfaces does not affect the strength of actual stress produced decreases. % When a rivet is subjected to double shear, between the two areas in shear. whey sth ge ‘According to conventional theory, the failjuces bending and r¢ ‘are bent before riveting in results in distortion of th order to reduce the (b) Plates after bending Position of plates before and after bending. “are formed by butting two plates against each other and joining | or cover plates. A butt joint has straps either on one side, called the oth sides, called the double-strap butt joint. A single-strap t joint. Therefore, this type of joint is not recommended 2 sees ae wa considered to be stro cone Butt joints are double-riveted, double-straps butt£ ypSua] youd sad areyd oy Jo amyzey Zurze—> or coyeyd ov yo asnyrey Busway, TTL NBL Yad oy ssooe jy sea} Ue sumepe swear strength Of a riveted jo 4 ; hbwws © A single shears Fy & (ji) In double shear: F, = ‘ete Tax iS the shear strength of the rivet mi Jn a multi-row riveted joint, the number of contained between the lines drawn at a pitch whi crushing of rivets When both plates and rivets giscussed above, either the Pi ae the plate and the rivet. Si ure i a joint is subjected to celongat ed and becom bearing failure of the joint.Oates eed tag hing Strength fog Ng ith ‘hy ie joint can be found by egy he joint can ; i a length. That is, ie pilis determined by equating the shear strength jue of the pitch so calculated should be mod \| 4 joiat, the maximum pitch should be less than oF equal £0 6 tines : Poa 6D % ‘ch should not be less than 2.25-2.5 times the diameter of the er to allow formation of the point head __ elton (7.10) Pitch for a particular 5(ii): The thicknesses of the double butt gu in the outer row omitted, I, are given by (iv) The thicknesses of the double: but straps: of riveting are given by. sais aa ty = ty = 0.6251 ia ay oe BYEMMPY soca 100 at awon tai boca of bidooe eetnumber of rivets per row can be ‘ealeulay ei ~ a(d+t) aS a e number of rivets per row. N ed value of the number of rows is not a whole niumibiehy then ased to the next higher number and all the rivets should be distr | number of rows. In this process, the pitch of the rivet will be change pitch should be such that the joint is leakproof giPor 20.332 + 0.67 Inio), 33 x 63 4 0.67 x 16 Margin, m = sp ; Efficiency of the joint: (i) Tearing efficiency Gi) Shearing effici0.25 750 pee — +2 =3.25 mim, say, 4mm, <125x0.6 : HP auiqny tondia0en x Boe = Pigs:‘srongth of one rivet in: ? x 52 = 36,757 N (Single shear = Epes ‘ x30 (875 strength in s 757 = 68,920 N ingle shear (ii) Double shear = = 1875 x 36, Also, Crushing strength = D1d, = 30 x 23 x 129 = 89,010 N ‘Strength of the unpunched plate = pto pis the an length of the outermost row. at the outermost row, ie. along section AA, the tearingStrength of the joint along section BAB - = tearing strength at B-B + shearing strength at A-A =(@- 2D)ig+ =D = (190 — 2 x 30) x 23 x 86 + 36,757 = 293.89 kN ‘Strength of the joint along section C-C . " = (190 - 2 30) x 23x 8641 +2 |.875) x 36,757 31.74 KN‘late thickness (23 mm) and rivet diameter (30 mm) is the lp ait the rivets in single shear, the shear strength Of one rive, ie 430° x 52. N = 36,757 N due to fluid pressure s2exP 4 Bn ae x25 x 10°68.48% efficiency is reasonably good for the ‘the double-riveted lap joint is simi Example 7.4 Two lengths of mild steel tie rods having width 200 1 are to be connected by means of a butt joint with equal straps, Design the permissible working stresses in plates and rivet material are: 0, = 80 ‘and @, = 150 N/mm’. Solution Plate width, 6 = 200 mm Plate thickness, t= 12.5 mm ‘According to the Unwin’s formula, the rivet diameter D=61yi = 61yi35 FarsbotdaeATTWOISLN3I03 LL it s§ = sz = Md yond aszasueay | WL | = ©] = 97D Pur g-a wonsas Buo[e youd tur ge = Gg] = w ‘yond use "68 St WIOf ofuaz07 ap Jo Kouo!oUyJo SHU 69 = O8XSTIXO02 _ ——— aivid poysundun o ji ‘ . S11 1 2 07 5 yo ay Jo. KouDtyJAL : NX Sz'907 = StIbx $= “oid x $=4 J0 1909 oy) Busopysuoo Kq pauByseP 4 wn PY Ut JaALs ay) UO wow 'O40) Mscneoonesarau 7 O01 ==" ‘007 = 4H =% = 4 0 = % = 5K DUIS u e+ Gag L en = X 002+ 00 +002 + O01 =4 8X ‘001 = % ‘0 = Lx = 8y = tx augLil ty NA STIL = Tor xperl = yt Nays bl = Y= , . £16) NA 1906 = reg * PSE 5 .