BOD

Immunology:
2005
How is immune tolerance to self antigens achieved

2006
How is the immune response to self antigen regulated

2007
Describe how innate immune mechanisms support the development of an adaptive immune response

2008
Compare and contrast B cell and T cell antigen receptors

2009
Discuss the immunology of transplant survival and rejection

2010
How is the development of an adaptive immune response supported by innate immune mechanisms

2011
Discuss the acute inflammatory response and it’s importance in controlling infection.

2012
Describe how mammalian immune system detects infections caused by different pathogens.How are they eliminated from the host?

2013
(1. Vaccines - Ad's and Disad's of different types )- you won’t be able to answer this until after virology and bacteriology lectures.)

2. Describe 3 types of auto-immune disease with eg's, including factors that influence with mechanisms of pathogenesis

Virology
2005
Using specific examples of acute, persistent&latent infection review strategies of virus survival in the individual& host population.

2006
Discuss the role of vaccines and antiviral chemotherapy in the control of virus infections.

2007
How do viruses persist in individuals and the wider community?

2008
What modifications can viruses induce in the host cell?

2009
Discuss the approaches used to combat viral infection.

2010
Discuss how vaccines& antiviral drugs can be used to control virus infections.What particular problems are encountered with HIV?

2011
Discuss the strategies for virus survival in host populations.

2012
How can we prevent& control outbreaks of viral disease? What are the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of vaccine?

2013
Using examples, describe the use of vaccines to prevent diseases caused by virus infections and discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of different vaccine types.
Parasitology
2007
Discuss the mechanisms by which infection with parasitic helminths may lead to disease.

2009
How do parasitic helminths infect hosts and cause disease? Summarize the possibilities we currently have to prevent infection.

2010
Discuss, using specific examples, why an understanding of parasite life cycles is important in the control of infections caused by
parasitic helminths?

2011
Compare the mechanisms by which schistosomes and malarial parasites overcome host defences.

2012
With reference to malaria and schistosomiasis, discuss the factors that make these diseases so difficult to eradicate.

2013
How do eukaryotic endoparasites encounter and enter their hosts? Illustrate your answer using specific examples and discuss the
factors that may influence these events.

Bacteriology
2005
Discuss the protective and damaging roles of the host immune response in bacterial disease.

2006
Outline host defences to bacterial pathogens and discuss, with examples, how bacterial pathogens overcome them.

2007
Discuss how damage to the host can be caused directly by bacterial toxins and indirectly by the immune response to bacterial
infection.

2008
Discuss how pathogenic bacteria establish point source, continuous source and propagated outbreaks. What ways are available to
control bacterial infections?

2009
How are bacterial infections controlled (i) by the host’s immune defences, and (ii) by antibiotics? Describe how bacteria counteract
each of these controls.

2010
Discuss host damage caused by pathogenic bacteria.
2011
Using selected examples of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, review the variety of mechanisms by which bacteria cause
host damage

2012
How do protein toxins contribute to bacterial colonization, host damage, and transmission?

2013
Discuss how bacteria avoid or overcome physical, chemical and immune defences of mammalian hosts.

Cancer questions
2005
Discuss the role of DNA repair defects in tumour progression.

2006
What are oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes? How may changes in these genes or their expression result in cancer?
2007
Critically review the evidence that cancer is a multi-step process

2008
Describe how loss of control of cell proliferation can contribute to the development of cancer.

2009
What is the role of infectious agents in human cancer?

2010
Describe how cancer of the cervix arises and the strategies for reducing its incidence

2011
Describe the genetic changes that are responsible for the development of cancer

2012
Discuss the evidence that tumour development is a multi-step process

2013
Genes whose mutation contributes to tumour formation may be put into
classes. Describe these classes and how they contribute to tumourigenesis.

Cardiovascular and homeostasis questions (either / or with parasitology)

2005
What disease processes may result from the presence of an atherosclerotic plaque?

2006
Briefly review the cellular mechanisms involved in development of an atherosclerotic plaque. What other pathological processes
can result from this?

2007
Discuss the development and pathological effects of atherosclerosis

2008
Discuss the role of endothelial cells in thrombus formation

2009
Compare and contrast the development of atheroma with wound healing

2010
Describe the interactions between the endothelium and the constituents of the blood that follow injury to blood vessels

2011
Discuss the components of an atherosclerotic plaque, indicating the factors that lead to plaque formation. Why are such lesions a
threat to health?

2012
Discuss the causes and consequences of ischaemia

2013
Describe development of atherosclerosis