Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics Ans, Sol. Sol. Sol, SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS In thermodynamic process, 200 Joules of heat i glven to @ gas and 100 Joules of work also done on it, The change in internal energy of the gas is tA} 100d (B) 3004 (c)a19 (Di 24d (B) AQ= AU + AW; 4Q= 200J and aw’ 100) = AU = AQ AW = 200-(-100) = 3004 The specific heat of hydrogen gas at constant pressure is Cp. = 3.4.10" cal/kg°C_ and at constant volume is Cy = 24104 cal/kg?C, If one kilogram hydrogen gas is heated from 10°C to 20°C at constant pressure, the external work done on the gos t6 maintain it at constant pressure is tA) 10° cal (B) 10° cal (C) 10° cal (D)5 = 10° cal ® From FLOT AQ = AU + AW Work done at constant pressure (AUp = (Ap ~ ALI (82h -19Qly (As we know (8) =U) ‘Also {AQp = mepAT and {4Qhy =meyAT = [ae = mlep 6,107 => (aU) =1x (84 10 —24 AO? pe 10 = 108 cad When heat energy of 1500 Joules, is supplied to a gas at constant pressure 2.1.<10°Nm®, there was an increase in its volume equal to 2.5 «107m . The increase in internal energy of the gas in Jaulles is ta 450 (6) 525 (€)9%5 ib) 2025 © ‘According to First Law of Thermodynamics AQ= AU + PAV) => AU =AQ- Play = 1500 - (2.1 107)(25<10-%) =975 Joule A perfect gas.goes from state A to another state B by absorbing 8 105 of heat and doing 6.5 x 10° Jot external work. It is now transferred between the same two states in another pracess:in which it absorbs 10° J at beat, Then in the second process 1A} Work done on the gasis 0.5 x 10°F {B) Work done by gas is 0.5 x 10° J [C) Work done on gas is 10° (D) Work done by gas is 10°J @) In first process using a Us aw = Be 10" = Ab +6541? AU 15x10 Since final and initial states are same in both process So ay will be same in both process For second process using 4Q = AU + AW => 1015410" 6 AW = aW 05.107 N(<100) molecules of a gas have velocities 1,2,3.... N, km/s tespectively. Then: {A} rms speed and average speed of molecules are same PR ESTINES) IB} Ratio of rms speed to. average speed is 1B) 2 ge speed oNJEE-Physics {C) Ratio of rms speed to average speed is 2 fens {D) Ratio of rms speed to average speed of a molecule TE TK yy @ Sol. Average speed _1e24eN NING I Not Nog = N 2N 2 amsspeed [MeN 2 2 Fane 6 Wen Je Ne) PPPs F UN _ NINSTNSD NS WeNST N BN 6 6. Agashas volume V and pressure F The total translational kinetic energy of all the molecules of the gas is:~ 3 3 (A) PV only if the gas is monoatomic, (B) ZPV only if the gas ts diatomic, 3 3 (C) > 5 PY ifthe gas is diatomic (D) PY in all cases. Ans. (D) Sol. Total translational KE 3 red = ZokT = 5 PY & 7. Armixture of, moles of monoatomic gas and n, moles of diatomic gas has & = (Al ny = my (B) 2a, = ny (C)n, = 2n, [D) 2n, = Sn, Ans. (A) Cy em, nCy, +8, pets .¢,= Sie, 5R 3k Gq tC at then n, = ny 8. From the following V-T diagram we ean conchude:— (al, = Py (BPP, op=P, (D) Can'tsay anvthing Ans. (©) Sel. Here V= af + buhere ab > 0 oRT oR bb SoPs crip arbet TT oP > Pi 4310. Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics The density in grams per litte of ethwlene (C,H,) at STP is — (a) 1.25 (8) 250 (C45, (0) 5.25 10°28 10" Bax273 ‘9 ms 1.25 glline gas isexpanded from volume V, to 2V, under three different processes. Process 1 is isobaric process, process 2 is isothermal and process 3 is adiabatic, Let AU,, AU, and. AU, be the change in intemal energy of the gas is these processes. Then = {A} AU, > AU, > SU; (B) AU, < AU, < AU, (C) aU, = AU, = AU (D) aU, < AU, = AU, ay AU, = +e. aU, AU, = -ve AU, > AU, > AU, ‘As volume increases, AW = +e. 11. Foran ideal gas PT" = constant then volume expansion coefficient is equal to -~ i 1 2 2 A (Bz ) OF Ans. (C) Sol. PT! = constant & PV =nRT we AV yo AT Ly AV 12 Vat Pat oy ene 12. ‘The internal energy of a gasis given by U = 5 + 2PV It expands from W, to 2V, against a constant pressune P), The heat absorbed by the gas in the pracess is — (A) -3P,V, (8) 3PM, (C) 2P,Vy, (DI PY,, Ans. (B) Sol. AU = 2P,AV.&W = PAV So Q = W + AU = aP,AV = SP,V, 13. Whenwater is heated from (°C to-4C and C;, and Care its specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume respectively. then — IAG, > Cy BIC.< Cy (CIGaey WIC,-C=k Ans. (B) ‘Sol. When water is heated from O°C to 4C, its volume decreases. perp avisnegatve F Hence C.-C, < 050, eee v ‘| tt NS : tA) F c (B) la le tc) ‘ D (Dy al t 7 t $ t F t 7Kinetics Theory & ThermodynamicsJEE-Physics Sol. Sol, Sol. SECTION - 1; MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS Which of the following statements isfare correct ? IA] A gas has two specific heats only [B) A material will have only one specific hea, ifand only if its coefficient of thermal expansion is equal toner. {C) Agas has infinite number of specific heats. ID) None of these (B.C) Conceptual based ‘A partition divides a container having insulated walls into-two compartments I and The same gas fills the two compartments whose initial parameters are given. The partition is @ conducting wall which can move freely without friction. Which of the following statements is/are correct, with reference to the final equilibrium position ? {A} The pressure in the two compartments are equal. av. 1B) Volume of compartment Tis = iv IC) Volume of compartment Il is = 5p {D) Final pressure in compartment [is {A.B.C.D) For insulated chambers n+ nen) ny {final pressures become equal) PV 2P.2V_ P 5P owe Eo ar 2 For left chamber Py =Pv-> For right chamber SP, apy= py = vay ‘A gas takes partin-two processes in which it is heated from the same initial 4 state 1 tothe same final temperature. The procosses are shaun on the PVE . diagram by thestraight line 1-2 and 1-32 and 3 are the points om the same @ ashe isothermal curve. Q, and Q, are the heat transfer along the two processes. Then ~ WiQ, =a, {B}Q, 9, [D) work done in process 1-3 is greater than that in process 1-2 (ep) Work done in process 1-3 is greater than that in process 1-2. While change in internal energy is same for both processes > Q,Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics 4. The following are the P-V diograms for cyclic processes for a gas. In which of these processes is heat absorbed by the gas? wP wv C «? Sy mY ZA vo — va Pp Ans. (A.B.C) Sol. FaA:W,= ive Fig B: Wy = ve Fig C: We = +ue Fig D: Wy = ve ‘in process Fig-{D), heat is released. 5S. A thermally insulated chamber of volume 2V, is divided by a fretionless pston of area S into two equal parts A and B, Part A has an ideal gas at pressure P,, ‘and temperature Ty and in part B is vacuum. A massless spring of force constant k 1s eannected with piston and the wall of the container as shown, Initially spring is unstretched. Gas in chamber & is allowed to expand. Let in equilibeium spring s compressed by xy, Then ks IA} Final pressure of the gasis —S* die, IB) Work dane by the gasis 5 {C) Change in intemal energy of the gas is 3 ke, ID} Temperature of the gas sdeeneased Ans. (A.D) Sol. Final pressure = S Workdone by gas = PE. stored in spring = 1/2hx? Change in internal energy AU = [-AW] = V2 kx? As gas expands, ATis negative 6. One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is taken fram A to C along the path ABC, The temperature of the gas at As T,, For the process ABC IAI Work dane by the gasis RT, AL {B} Change in internal energy of the gas is der, {(C) Heat absorbed by the gas is = {D) Heat absorbed by the gasis 42 RT, 2 ac Work done = Area-ef ABC with V-axis = Py(2V, Mg) + O= P.M, = nRT, = RT Change in internal energy = oC AT 28 = 1e3Rx(4t, -1,) SRT, 2 Heat absorbedSECTION. 2: COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS (SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTION) ‘Comprehension-1 ‘Two closed identical conducting containers are found in the laboratory of an old scientist. For the verification of the gas some experiments are performed on the two boxes and the results are noted. &) Experiment 1, When the two containeys are weighed W,, container W= 100g, 25 g, Wy — 160.9 and mass of evacuated Experiment 2. When the two containers are given same amount of heat same temperature rise is recorded ‘The pressure change found are AP, = 2.6 atm. AP, Required data for unknown gas : 7. Identify the type of gas filled in container A and B respectively 1A} Mono, Mano: (B) Dia, Dia {C) Mono, Dia Ans. (C) Sol. ASQ = n,CgAT = ngCgAT = mEq = MC o But volume is constant So AP,V, = n,RAT & AP,V, = ngRAT Ma AP, 255 Se _5_5/2R Sy ae 1S 3° Cy 3 3/2 = Gas B is chatomic & gas A is monoatomic the container A and B (B) He, H, (C) 0, Ar $5 My = 4M, = Gas = Ar, gas B= Q, 9. Total number of molecules in 'A’ (Here N, = avagadro: number} 125, 125 ti aya (B) 3.125 Ny (C) ena ‘Ans. (B) Sol. Number of molecules in A Comprehension-2 Lr Heal goss taken though a cet = L5atm {D} Dia, Mono {Dy Ar, O, 1D) 31.25 Ny modynamic process through four steps. The amounts of heat10. Ans. n. Ans, Ans. Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics involved in these steps are Q, = 5960 J, Q, = -5585 J. Q, = -2980 J and Q, = 3645 J respectively: The corresponding quantities ofwark involved are W., = 2200J, Wi, = -825 J, W, = -1100J and W,, respectively, Find the value of W, tA) 765 J (B) 750d (cys 1D} 925 J (a) Whatis the efficiency ef the cycle ? [A) 8.28 % (B) 10.82 % (c) 15.82% {D) 18.82 % (8) fi) 765 J (a) 10.82 % Sol. (10 to 11) 14, r g £ (10) For a cyelic process Q) +, +O, 4+ Q.= 1, + WLW, = W,=Q, + Q, +Q,+ Q,-W,-Wy-Wy 5950 ~ 5585 - 296) + 3645-2200 + 825.1100 = 765) WW +O, +, (uy " __ 2200-825 - 1100 + 765 5960 + 3645, = O.2082 Comprehension-3 A calc process for an ideal gas is shaw in figute. Given Way = +700 J, Wye = +4001, Qe gr voheraal 8 Adib Find AUpe tal 7007 (B) -400 ()-1004 (©) 400 J ft Qe = 0 AU, 400 J Find Wey ta) 500 (B) 5009 (C1400 (D) 4004 fa) For complete cycle Q =W Qh + Ope + Qe = Wag + Wee + Wey, = 700 +0 +{-100) = 700 + 400 + W., = Wey = 5005 ‘The efficiency of the eyele is tal 100% (B) 83.44% (85.71% (81.11% (Cc) 600 600 . ay 100 = 85.71%JEE-Physics SECTION - 1: NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS 1, Three closed vessels A, Band C at the same temperature T and contain gases which obey the Maxwellian, distribution of velocities, Vessel A contains only O,, B only N, and C a mixture of equal quantities of O, and Ny. If the average speed of the Q, molecules in vessel A is vy, thal of the Np molecules in vessel Bis up, the average speed of O, molecules in vessel C is where M 1s the mass of an oxugen malecule is found to be k times v,. Find k Ans. (1) Sol. Average speed af 0, molecule will be same as ¥, for same temperature 2, Avessol is partitioned in two equal halves by a fixed diathermie separator. ‘Two different ideal gases are filed in left (L) and right {R) halves. The rms speed of the molecules in part isequal tothe mean speed of molecules in the R part. Then the ratio of the mass of a molecule in L part to that of a molecule in R part is x8. Find the value of x Ans. (3) BRT [BRT M, 3x ude M, “Vai, M, 8 3. Four moles of hydrogen, two moles of helium and one mole of water vapour farm an ideal gas mixture. xed = Sol. (aa), R.. Find the value of x. If the molar specific heat at constant pressure of mixture is Ans. (4) So. G,, = 2 neatmch, va( 2} =2f sy 16, wl 4. Anideal monoatomic gas undergoes a cycle process ABCA as shaum in the fig, The ratio of heat absorbed during AB to the work done on the gas during BC is. 7p. Find n Ans. (5) Sol. Wy, = (2V,,—Va)Py = P:Vp Isobarie process] » = PV, ri RUT, yal 2P My (n2Sol. Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics [Isothermal process] 3 BPM PM 5 2PW,in2 Find A thermodynamic system undergoes cyclic process ABCDA as shown in figure. The work done by the system is K times P,V,, Find the value of k (oy Ww, Net work done = Woge~Wae = 0 Ww, ‘Suppase 0,5 male of an ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion as energy is added to it asheat Q. Graph shows the final volurne V, wersus Q. 03] Zz ‘The temperature of the gas is found to be x times 90 K. Find the value of x fuse 9 = Zand R= = Jmol) a TJ ro) u 30s Toon Taon Q=WenkT ina w 7-2 _ - _ 1500 “GRAV ZV, 05x25 /3x 08 1500 “mn25 a1 *60K SECTION - 2: MATRIX- MATCH QUESTIONS Column I Column I 2 (a) InP= 3E Eis (p) Change in internal encray is only in isochawicprocess| (8) InU=SRT for anmoncatomic gas is (q) Translational kinetic enevay of unit volume (C) In W = Pv, —V), Wis (e} Internal energy of one mole (D) In aU = nC AT, AU is (5) Work done in isobaric process () Nome (A) q (B)E (C}s (D) t Fort) 1 2 2 asPV = Tun, = ZEsonP = 3, Eis transtational kinetic energy of unit volume. For (B): In U = SRT, Uis not internal energy of one mole asfor monoalomic gas U = 3/2 nRT For (C); In W= PV, - Vij; wis work done in isobaric processJEE-Physics For (D) In AU = nC,aT AU is change in internal energy for every process 8. The straight lines in the figure depict the variations in temperature AT as a function of the amount of heat supplied Q in different process involving the aT change of state of a monoatomic and a diatomic ideal gas. The initial states: 4 (RUT) ofthe nwo gases are the same, Match the processes asdeserbed, withthe straight lines: inthe graph as numbered. Column-T Column oO a JA} Isabaric process of manaatomic gas, iPod (B}__ Isobaric process of diatomic gas (Q) 2 (C) _Ibachorke process of monoatomie ges RI 3 (D) _Iscchoric pracess of diatomic gas {S) x-axis (Le. 'Q axis) Ans. (A) Q, (B) R, (C) P.(D) Q Q Sol. As Q = nCAT and dT ae “Therefore molar heat constant Is the determining factor for rae of change of temperature ofa gas as heat is es) supplied to i. Its minimum for isacheric process ofa monoatamic gas { Cy = $7} -resuking in greatest slope ar) (] be-cunvel. For isobaric process of monoatomic gas and isochorie process of diatomic gas, their heat capacities are same “ 5), newloe thacrepeetedby cave? For obare process of atomic 996 C, = ZR that eprevonted by curve 3. als represent thermal ‘process and AT axis represent adiabatic process. 9. Amideal gas whose adiabatic exponent equals to =~ is expanded according to the law P= 2V. The initial 5 volume ofthe gosisequalteV;= Lunit. Asa resu of expansion the volime inceases dies, (Take Pt = 22 unis) 3 Column - 1 Column - Il (AI Work done by the gas (P) 25 units (B} _Incrementin internal energy of the gas (Q) S0units (C) Heat supplied to the gas (RI 75 -units (D) Molar heat capacity of the gasin the process (S} 15 units Ans. (A) S, (B) R, (C) Q. (D) P Sol wf Pay= j avay = (V" 15VE = 15 units From PV = nT, 2V® = nRT = 2VF-VE)=nR(aT) > ARAT = 30u,*z 10. rf £ Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics S00 _ 365 75-1 2 = 75 units Q =75+15 = units Molar heat capacity c+ BS C= Cyt Fo = GRA Fora ideal monoalomic gas match the following graphs fer constant mass in different pracesses, (p = Density of gas} Column 1 Columa tt Pe . 3 5 iS AA I w | AT, ™ ay oF a w | 4 «i poe ne a 8 © LA ® -T (T} None (4) Q, (B) R, (C) 8, () P a P= qycRT For (A) : For AB: PaVaTaVs Tap? For BC: Vi = constant = p = constant ForCA: P= constant pT = canstant For (B)Px T= p = constant T= constant => Px p P= constant = pT = constant P= constant => pT = constant T= constant > Px p V = constant = p = constant paToPaT® T= constant => Px p p= constant = Px TKinetics Theory & Thermodynamics PREVIOUS YEARS AIEEE/JEE (MAIN)-FUNDAMENTAL LEVEL EXERCISE —4(A) {aun Dacula SINGLE GHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS: 1. Aninsulated container of gas has two chambers separated byan insulating partition, One of the chambers has volume V; and contains ideal gas at pressure P, and temperature T,. The other chamber has volume Vand contains ideal gasat ressure P, and tempeature T,, Ifthe partition is temoved witheat daing any workon the gas, the final equilibrium temperature of the gas in the container will be- (AIEEE - 2008) TTARM +P.V) PAT, +P.M,T. RMT, + PACT, TPM +PVe) O pyateRut, 2) Py eP SI P+ PY, put But, Ans, (1) Sol, U =U, + Ue (n,#n) GT = 0,67, 4,61, (PM +PMe)T Te 2. The speed of sound in oxygen (O,} ata certain tempeature is 460 ms. The speed of sound in helium (He) al the same temperature will be (assume both gases to be ideal} [AIEEE - 2008] 500 feo ne? ah 1 a (2) 500 J mst (3) 650 JB ms (4) 330 JB me Sol. 460 [aT uy W25xB 3. One heat a diatomie gas sat a pressure off x 10" Nim?, The density of the gas is 4 kgim?, What the energy of the gas due to its thermal motion ? [AIEEE - 2009] 6 108d (2)7 x 108s (313 x 10% 14) «1085 Ans. (4) Sol, Energy ofthe diatomic gas Suet = 2 Directions : Question number 4, Sand 6 are based on the following paragraph. ‘Two moles of helium gas ate taken over the eyele ABCDA, as shown in the PT diagram. ! zaot A s : Pea j na 4 A 200K OK ! [4 Assuming the gas tobe teal the work doneon theges in takngit from AtoBis:. [AIEEE - 2009) 5 (1) 400R (2)500R (31200 14) 300 R Work done in isobaric process RAT = 2B 1500 ~ 300) = 400R ttJEE-Physics Sol, Ans, Sol, 4 Work done on the gas = - 400R ‘The work done on the gas in taking it from D to A is = [AIEEE - 2009] (1) -690 R (2) +690R (31-414 i) 414, (3) Wha = Work done in isothermal process P, = 2.308 RT loap Lx 10" 2.308 x 2B x 300 loa5 ig = 2308 x 2R x 300 % (0.3010) = - 414R Word done on the gas = -(-414R) = 414 R ‘The net work done on the gas in the ¢yele ABCDA Ss - [AIEEE - 2009] (2) 10768 (2) 1904 (31Zer0 14) 276R i Waacos = Was + Wac + Wop + Won, = wR(S00-900)+2,306uR (500008 + wR(300-500) + 2.308 wR(300) boa = 276R Work done on the gas = - 276 R ‘A diatomic ideal gas is used in a camot engine as the working substance, If during the adiabatic expansion part of the evcle the volume of the gas increases from V to:32 V the efficiency of the engine is IAIEEE - 2010] 1)025, (2)05 (310.75 14) 099. } i i 100g of water is heated from 30°C to SEFC Ignoring the slight expansion of the water, the change in its internal. 7 energy is (specific heat of water is 4184 Jka): IAIEEE - 2011] aah (2)2.1%I (Bi42bd ean ‘ a i Qe msa@ = 0.1 x 4184 x 20= 84k ;Sol, 10, Sol. n. Sol, 5 Ans, Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics ‘Three perfect gases at absolute temperatures T,, Tyand T, are mixed. The masses of molecules are m, Mas and m,and the number of molecules are nj, ng and n, respectively, Assuming ne loss of energy, then final temperature of the mixture is :- (AIEEE - 2011) aifen Tent! | ntantentt! | tetets Vatamt tnt, © a tamTant, 83 (4) (0.7, 40,0... +,€,,T) = tng tng), T nT +t engl As Cy, 8 hy thy ,w T= ‘A container vith insulating walls is dlvided into two equal parts by a partition fitted with a valve. One partis filed with an ideal gas at a pressure P and temperature T, whereas the other partis completely evacuated. If the valve is suddenly opened, the pressure and temperature of the gas wall be = (AIEEE - 2011) Pp PT r mot Qoz BIRT 14) Pa ay ‘This is free expansion of the gas in which temperature will remain constant 2. on the other side: temperature will Pye KT Number of moles 1 Fray number of males n, = m= me Py _PN Lp. P 2 KT 2 A thermally insulated vessel contains an ideal gas of molecular mass M and ratio of specific heats. It is moving with speed and is suddenly broght torest, Assuming no heats last to the surroundings, its temperature Inereases by == [AIEEE - 2011) ay ol ek sek Me Oo 20k (oe 1 A Cant engine operating between temperatures T, and T, has effclentey —., When Ti lowered by 62 K, Teeter memes, Tn Ty Tan ecb tater - 2081 (1) 380 Kand 268K (2/910 Kand 248K (8) 372@KandS10K 4) B72 Kand 330K a13. Sol. 14. Sol. 15. a} 2 ee @ By soluing equation {A} and (B) Ty = 372 K and T, = 310K ‘A Camot engine, whose efficiency is 40% takes inheat from a source maintained at a temperature of 500K. It is desired to have an engine of efficiency 60%. Then, the intake temperature for the same exhaust (sink) Aemperatune must be = [AIEEE - 2012] (2) 600K (2) efficiency of Camot engine cannot be made larger than 50% (3) 120K (@) 750K @ t, neti 1 Toe og - 300 300 _ 3000 = ae es: fone gg OK The pressure of an ideal gas varies with volume as P = aV, where a is a constant, One mole of the gas is allowed to undergo expansion such that its volume becomes ‘mimes its intial volume. The work done by the gs in the processis IAIEEE - 2012, Online] BV in? ave at Btn? Min? 1) 2) ent aM im? Sn? 1 a) Sim? (2) tm? —1) a ity 4) Zyl @ ~y w=fpav= favay y 4m? = 1p z ‘This question has Statement 1, Statement 2. Of the four choices given after the statement, choose the ane that best describes the two statements. IAIEEE - 2012, Online] ‘Statement-1 : An inventor claims to have constructed an engine that has an efficiency of 30% when operated between the boifing and freezing points of water. This is not possible. Statement-2 : The efficiency of a real engine is always less than the efficiency of a camot engine operating bbetwioen the same two temperatures, (1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2is tue and Statement-2 is the correct explanation of Siatement-1. {2} Statement-1 is true, Statement-2is true and Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of statement-L (3}Statement-1 is true, Statement-2is false16. Sol. 17. Sol. z yg 2 Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics (4) Statement. 1 is false, Statement-t @ ‘Statement - 1 : Boiling temperatures = 373 k freezing point = 273 k s true (100 smaxmimum posible tency ean be = (1-222) 100 ~{ FB) 00.~ 268%, Since efficiency cannot be greater than 26.8% have statement 1 is true Stotemnt 2 Itis also true. Statement 2 is not correct explanetion, because is statement 1 real engine is not mentioned. ‘The doar ofa warking refigaratorisleft apen in.a wel insulated room. The temperature of ai in the room wil- [AIEEE - 2012, Online] Upincrease (2) increase in winters and decrease in summers (3) decrease (4) remain the same ay Because electricity used will alo get converted to heat which result in rise in tamperature. ‘An ideal monoatomic gas with pressure P volume V and temperature Tis expanded isothermally to a vokume ‘2V and a final pressure P.. Ifthe same gas is expanded adiabatically to a volume 2V, the final pressure is P, P, The ratio Br is IAIEEE - 2012, Online] fp21s (22s (aie ae @ When process is isothermally, P;V, = PV, L+2 t Aaiven ideal gas wath +7 = = = L.Sisata temperature T. If the gas is compressed adiabatically to one-fausth a af its in volume, the final temperature will be > [AIEEE - 2012, Online) ay2t (2)8t (a2yBt leat ay for adiabatic process Ty = TEJEE-Physics 19. Sol. 20. Sol. 21, Sol, 04 ‘The above p-v diagram represents the thermodynantic cycle of an engine. operating with an ideal monoatomic gas. The amount of heat, extracied from the source ina single cycle i (AIEEE - 2013] 2 (13) 11) By) 21(Bhrv 11) o(Z z)Pova (4) 4p gv @ 4) 1 40, el Ti) ¥ 10027 = gas 7, = 300K 60,300 aan Tog"! T, = 150K heat supplied = n€,(2T, ~ T,) ¥n€, AT, ~ 2T,) Ser) Port, - Bey, _BSRT, bs 2 Figure shows the variation in temperature (AT) with the amount of heat supplied (Q) in an isobaric process corresponding to a moncatemic (Mj, diatomic (D) and a polyatomic (P) gas. The intial state-of all the gases are the same and the scales for the two axes coincide. Ignoring vibrational degrees of freedom, the lines a, band crespectively correspond to = [JEE (Main) - 2013, Online] ar (0) M, Dand P (2) D, Mand P (3)P DandM (4)BMandD (3) ‘Since process is isobaric Q=nc, aT va, * (Cpley > pla obs > Q)> Qh b=D © le (ol ‘An ideal gas at atmospheric pressure is adiabatically compressed so that its density becomes 32 times of its initial value. Ifthe final pressure ef gas is 128 atmospheres, the valve of of the gas is [JEE (Main) - 2013, Online] mis (2)16 (iis gia « Hdonsty becomes 32 mes, volume willbocome a times of ita Pf = PVE22. Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics certain amount of gasis taken through a cyclic process (ABCDA} that has two isobars, one isochore and ene isothermal, The cyele can be represented an a P-V indicator diagram as: (JEE (Main) - 2013, Online] 4 t Ir. GI Io a | ee ae pd ve ve v= ve (ay (Only option (1) and (4) have 2 isobaric process in option (1) process CD is isothermal. As P decrease, volume increase. Hance option {1} in correct. In the isothermal expansion of 10g f gas from volume V to 2V the work dane by the gas is 5754. \Whatis the root mean square speed of the molecules of the gas at that temperature? [JEE (Main) - 2013, Online] (1)499mis (2) 520 mis (31532mis (4) 398s a f we nT LTE 875 = nRTén? arr = 528 na RT [Rte “Yor Ym [go ms 10-107 0.653 ‘A sample of gas expands from V, to-V,, In which of the following, the work done will be greatast? [JEE (Main) - 2013, Online] Isobaric Isothermal Adiabatte Volume {1) Same in all processes. (2) Adiabatic process (31 Isobar process (4) Isothermal process a) work is equal ta area under P — V — diagram. (One mole of diatomic ideal gas undetgoes a cyelic process ABC as shown in figure, The process BC is adiabatic, The temperatures at A, Band C are 400K,JEE-Physics 800 K and 600 K respectively. Choose the correct statement: [JEE(Main) 2014) {1) The change in internal energy in whole eyclic process is 254 R. {2} The change in internal energy in the pracess CA\ is 700 R (3) The change in internal eneray in the process AB is—350 R {4) The change in internal energy in the process BC is—500 R Ans. (4) Sol. Internal eneray in BC tAdva Q=0; =o oe c 26. During an adiabatic compression, 830 J of work is done on 2 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to veduce its volume by 50%. ‘The change in its temperature is nearly: (R= 8:2.JK~'mol*} {JEE (Main) -2014, Online] 40K (2) 20K (3133 K (414K Ans. (2) Sol, Vv oe foradiabatic process Py —PW) nat I-x I-x w _ 2x83 AT =14 830 8000.4 2x83 AT = +20k aT= 27. ACamot engine absorbs 1000 of heat energy fom a rxrwir a 127C and ejects 6. of heat ene during each evele. The efficiency af engine and temperature of sink will be ~ [JEE (Main) - 2014, Online) (1) 70% and -10°C (2) 50% and -20°C (31-40% and -33°C (4) 20% and -43°C Ans. (3) pet-Teay Sas Sol. 7 he Qn in 00, aL 1-50 _, tga! -y000 =P * i 2 Jy 062 7, = 200K ‘T, = 240 -273 = -33°C n= 0.4 = 40% 28. At room temperature a diatomic gas is found te have an t.m.s. speed of 1930 ms“! The gas is az}Sol 29, Sol, Sol. 1 Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics (JEE (Main) - 2014, Online} (2/0, (ach @)H, R= 8314, T= 300K, V_, Itmeans it is hydrogen gas. 930 = M A gasmolecule of mass Mat the surface of the Earth has kinetic eneray equivalent to 0'C. Iitwere to go up straight without colliding with any other molocuiles, how high it would rise’ Assume that the height attained is much less than radius ofthe earth, thy s Boltzmann constant) IJEE (Main) - 2014, Online] 819%, SAG 273k as 2 AS, a ) Sg 2) mg (310 4) Sa wo SEB oh 19s ama ‘An ideal gas undergoes a quasi static, reversible process in which its molar heat capacity C remains constant 1f during this process the relation of pressure P and volume Vis given by PV" = constant, then nis given by [Here C,, and C,, are molar specific heat at constant pressure and canstant volume, respectively} [JEE(Main) 2016) See jie Bic, -€ RsCy-C_C,-C meyer Sy-C ‘r’'moles of an ideal gas undergoes @ process A ~> Brasshown inthe figure. The ‘maximum temperautre af the gas during the process will be [JEE(Main) 2016]JEE-Physics BP aVo SPaMy aR OAR 2FaVp 2FaVo BIR () Re Ans. (1) Sol. Eq. of graph VP + Py = 3P,Vp (oRT WL FF) = ary) -Piv Soy Po_ py? re Thon BV") Dif and equate zero Tis max at Ws Bvy2 _ SPM, imax FOR 32, The ratio of work done by an ideal monoatomic gas to the heat supplied to it in an isobaric process is [JEE (Main) - 2016, Online} 2 3 2 3 mF az ge We Ans. (3) Sol. For isobaric process Q Q nCpAT = nCaT + w we nATIG, Cy) Wendl w__mRaT _ R _Rix-1) QTGa-l Cp oR 33. C, and C, are specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume respectively. Itis observed that C2 —C, = a for hydrogen gas G.-C, = b for nitrogen gas The comwct mation between a and b is; [JEE(Main) 2017) Wa=b (jas 14b (a= 28b a= ab Ans. (2) Sol. Here C, and C, are gram seeific heat for hydrogan gas : C, =C, = we multiply by 2, it will become molar specific heat 344Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics G.-C, =2a=R for nitrogan C, 28b=R 2a = 28b a= ib 34. The temperature of an open room of valume 40m” increases from 17°C to 27°C due to the sunshine, The ‘atmospheric pressure in the room remains 1 3¢ 10° Pa. Ifn, and ny. are the number of molecules in the room bbofore and after heating, then n, ~n, wil be: [JEE(Main) 2017} (0) 1.38 x 10% (2)2.5 x 10° (3)-25 * 10% (4) -1.61 x 10 Ans. (3) PU Sol, Number of Moles (N) = Fp 10°30 10° «30 ny -N = 2223010550 ON R630) R+290 = may (101) _ -108 “"R 1300%290! ~ Boor Number of moteculle 35. Anideal gas has molecules with & degrees of freedom. The ratio of specific heats at constant pressure (C,) and at constant volume (C, i: [JE (Main) - 2017, Online] 5 7 7 6 az Gg ma Ans, (3) ¢, 24.2 sea atidetide1d Sol. t, P'S 36. Forthe PV diagram given for an ideal gas, ! 3 ‘out af the following which one carrectly represents the TP diagram? (JEE (Main) - 2017, Online] i z i } i ' as}JEE-Physics I—2 2—1 oy (2) (31 4) a Ans. (3) ¥ Sol, v PY = constant => temperature is constant and pressune is decreasing. 37. Nimoles of a diatomic gas in a cylinder are at a temperature T. Heat is supplied to the cylinder such that the ‘temperature remains constant but n moles of the diatomic gas get converted info menoatomic gas. What is the change in the total kinetic energy of the gas? [JEE (Main) - 2017, Online} 1 5 3 ah} yoet (2) gnet (3) gut 40 Ans. (1) ‘Sel. ni moles of diatomic gas will give (2n) moles of monoatomic gas. Ak = k,—k, 3 3 = Sn -2arT Z Part 5 5. = SRT —3oatT 38. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas accupies.a volume V at 27°C. The gas expands adiabatically to a volume 2Vi Caleulate (a) the final temperature of the gas and {b} change in its internal energy. [JEE (Main) - 2018) (0) (a) 189K ZF (21a) 195K (b}-2.7 Wd (3) (a) 189K fb) 2.71 (4 (a) 195K (b) 2.7 Sad Ans. (3) Sol. TV"! = constant (00)V"" = Trav T= 188.9... © 189 i 3 AV =ShRAT=-S2x83x111=-27kb 2 2 39. Anideal gas occupies volume of 2m’ at a pressure of 3 x 10° Pa, The eneray of the gas is: [JEE (Main) - 2019, Online} 3 «10% (2) 10° J (316 x 10°J (4) 9x 10d Ans. (4) as}Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics - Fis 108 }(2) = {xax 10 Considering gas is monatomic ie. {= 3 E=9x 10d Option 4) 40. For the given cyclic process CAB as shown fora gas, the work done is: (EE (Main) - 2019, Online] sop & * 3 4 (Pa) wPa) 4 1 B T234s Vim’) tid (25d (iid t4)305 Ans. (3) Sol. Since PV indicator diagram is given, so work done by gas isarea under the cyclic diagram. A = Wakdoneby ge = 454 =10] 41. The gas mixture constists of 3 moles of oxygen and § moles of argon at temperature T. Considering only translational and rotational modes, the total inemal eneray ofthe system is: [JEE (Main) - ONLINE - 2019} (0) 12RT (2) 20 RT (3115 RT (a) 47 Ans. (3) ‘A gas can be taken from A to B via two different processes ACB and ADB. When path ACB is used. 60d of heat flows into the system and 30 J of work is done by the system. If path ADB is used work done by the system is 10J. The beat Flow into the system in path ADB fs [JE (Main) - ONLINE - 2019] i i i i A v } a8od (2)208 (3) 10040 (a)40d jo 5 i TASol. —a8} v AQaca = Wace + AU pcx > I= 30d + AU yey SAU yeq = 30 AU ggg = AU yes = 30d AQyen = AUyen, + Wyn = 10) +30J= 400 ‘Amixture of 2 moles of helum gas {atomic mass =u). and 1 mole of argon gas (atomic mass = 40 u) is kept is close to = Melt) at 300 Kin a container. The ratio tin pes | a [JEE (Main) - ONLINE - 2019] (226 (2)0.45 (310.32 14)3.16 @ Moeal He ft. fo ance ead q = 316 A 15 q mass of nitrogen gasis enclosed in a vessel ata temperature 27°C. Amount of heat transferred to the gs, so that rms velocity of molecules is doubled, is about : [JEE (Main) - ONLINE - 2019] [ake R= 8.3 J) K mote] (1) 10k (209%) (Grek (a) 14 (iy Q = nC,AT as gas in closed vessel 15 5eR me Q = 100001 = 10k (47 -T) ‘The given diagram shows four processes i.e., isochorie, isobaric, isathermal and adiabatic. The correct assignment af the processes, in the same onder is given by = (JEE (Main) 2019 - Online] jdacb Qjadeb ladbe (jdabe a Slope of adiabatic process is more steeper then isothermal ‘The temperature, at which the root mean square velocity of hydrogen molecules equals their escape velocity from the earth, is closest to [JEE (Main) 2019 - Online] [Boltzmann Constant k, = 1.38 x 10/K Avogadro Number N, = 6.02 > 10 hgSol, aT. Sol. 49. Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics Radius of Earth: 6.4 x 10°m Gravitational acceleration on Earth = 10ms] (1) 650 K (2)3 x 10°K (3) 10° (4) 800 K (3) Vine = V2GR FE a wf = 102604 Following figure shows two processes A and B for a gas. If. AQ, an aQyate the aout aerted by th se 0 |e Crees tnd, and AU, ar changst Internal erie ? vespectively, then : (SEE (Main) 2019 - Online) 11).40, = 4Q,; AU, is (2) a, > 4Q,; AU, - iS 1B}.AQ, > AQ, ; AU, > AU, (4) aQ, < aQ,; aU, < aU, @ AU, = AU, and 0, > oy AQ= AU + @ 20, » 20, For a given gas at 1 atm pressure, ems speed of the molecule is 200 m)s.at 127°C. At 2 atm pressure and at 227°C, the rms speed of the molecules will be [JE (Main) 2019 - Online] {1} 80 mis (2) 100J5 mis (3) 8045 mis (4) 100 m's (2) wT, ¥500 vp =u 8 «1005/5 ‘Two moles of heliurn gas is mixed with three moles of hydrogen molecules ftaken to be rigid), What isthe molar specific heat of misiure at constant volume ? (R= 8.3 JimolK] - KJEE (Main) 2019 - Online] (1) 21.6 Jimol K (2) 19.7 dimol K (3117.4 Jmol K (4) 15.7 Amol K A diatomic gas with vigid molecules does 10d of work when expanded at constant pwessure. What would be the heat energy absorbed by the gas, in this prooess ? [EE (Main) 2019 - Online] 1354 (2)403 (31254 (a) 305JEE-Physics Ans. Sol, 51. 52. Sol. a4 ay so=eGsr= Zotar w=nRaT saad 354 Accamot engine having an efficiency of a is being used as a refrigerator. Ithe work done on therefrigerator is 10, the amount of heat absorbed fram the reservoi at lower temperature is: [JE (Main) 2020 - Online} 99d (2) 100.4 read Wid a) 1. Refrigerator cycle is +. 10 10+0 Q= 0d [Heat absorbed from the reservoir at lower temperature is 90.3 Consider a mixture of n moles of helium gas.and 2.n moles of oxygen gas (molecules taken to be rigid}as an ideal gas. Its CC, value will be (JEE (Main) 2020 - Online) (1) 6745 (2) 1943 (3123/15 (4) 4027 (2) ‘A thermodynamic cycle xyzx is shown on a VT diagram, [JEE (Main) 2020 - Online} The PV diagram that best describes this cycle is : (Diagrams are schematic and not to seale}Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics Sol, x+y = Isobaric yrr= lsochoric 2-52 bsothermal Sd. Considertwoideal diatoricgases A and Bat some temperature T, Molecules ofthe gas A are rigid, and have ‘amass m, Molecules of the gas B have an additional vibrational made, and have a mass + ‘The ratlo of the specific heats (C8 and C8) of gas Aand B, respectively is, [JE (Main) 2020 - Online} 7:9 (2)5:7 (313-5 5:9 @ Sol, Degree of freedom of a diatomic molecule If vibration Is absent Degree of freedom of a diatomic molecule f vibratian Is present «hp Sract a cp oF gREC, 3 os ea 55. Which of the following is an equivalent cvelic process correspondingta the thermodynamic evel given in the: figure? where, 1 +2 is adiabatic. (Graphsare schematic and are not toscale) (SEE (Main) 2020 - Online}JEE-Physics Ty In process 2 to 3 pressure is constant & in process 3 to 1 volume is constant which is cortect only in aption 4. Correct araph is 56. Number of molecules in a volume of 4.cm® of a perfect monatomic gasiat some temperature T and at a prossure of 2 em of mercury is close to ? (Given, mean kinetic energy ofa molecule fat T) is 4 x 10" erg, @ — 980 cis", density of mercury = 13.6 giem’) [JEE (Main}-2020, Online] 1) 5.8 x 10% (2) 58 x 10% (3)4.0 x 108 14) 4.0 x 10% Ans. (3) son n= 2 Jer aaco™ PV —>xNa No aT = 2KIZ.OX98OKE _ 5 99 4 agis Bag yao 57. In an adiabatic process, the density of a diatomic gas becomes 32 times its initial value. The final pressure of the gas is found to be ni times the initial pressure. The value of n is: [JE (Main}-2020, Online] (a) 826 (2) Ans, (4) Sol. In adiabatic process PV = constant (3) 82 (4) 128 5B. A gas mixture consists of 3 moles of oxygen and 5 moles of argen at temperature T: Assuming the gases to be ideal and the oxygen band to be rigid, the total internal energy (in units of RT) of the mixture is [JE (Main}-2020, Online] on (2)15 (3120 13 24Sol. Sol. 61. “H 2 Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics On RT | EnRT 2 3xSRT. ueS.aRT+ ISRT 2 A beat engine is involved with exchange of heat of 1915 J, —40.J, +125 J and QU, during one cycle achieving an efficiency of 50.0%. The value of Q is: [EE (Main)-2020, Online) (1) 6405 (2) 4003 (31,980 5 ta) 405 @) _ Work done nm Heat supplied 1915-404 125-Q 1915 +128 2000-Q 2” 2040 2040 = 4000 - 29 2Q = 1960 Q = 9800 ‘A balloon filled with helium (32°C and 1.7 atm.) bursts. Immediately afterwards the expansion af helium, can be considered as : [JEE (Main}-2020, Online] (0) reversible isothermal (2) Irreversible adiabatic (8) Reversible adiabatic (4 Reversible isothermal (2) Bursting of helium balloon is irreversible & adiabatic, Consider a gas of triatomic molecules. The molecules are assumed to the triangular and made of massless rigid rods whose vertices are occupied by atoms. The internal energy of a mole of the gas at temperature Tis [JEE (Main}-2020, Online] 9 3 5 a) SRT (a) 3RT (ai Rr 4) SRT ‘Toraise the temperature of certain mass of gasby 5{7Cat a constant pressure, 160 calories of heat is required When the same mass of gas is cooled by 100°C at constant valume, 240 calories of heat is released. How many degioes of freedom does each molecule of this gas hawe (assurne gas to be ileal) ? a[JEE (Main}-2020, Online] (2)3 B16 7 63. Molecules of an ideal gas are known to have three tranelational degrees of freedom and two rotational degrees ‘of freedom. The gas is maintained at a temperature of T. The total internal energy, U af a mole of this gas, and ie) the value of, af =) given, respectively, by: WEE (Main)-2020, Online) (2) U = SRT and wale 0) U=SRe and = 4 =GRT andy 3 5 (4) USERT and 7 (8) U = SRT and y= 7 3 ca Ans, (4) Sol. Total degree of freedom afRT _ SRT 2 2 u yoStos Ans. (4) G4. In a dihite gas at pressure P and temperature T, the mean time between successive collisions of a molec varies with T as [EE (Main}-2020, Online} 1 OT Cle a aT Ans. (3) ty: mean time 4. mean free path 65. On the basis af kinetic theory of gases, the gas exerts pressure because its malecules (1) continuously lose their energy till it reaches wall (2) are attracted by the walls af container, (8) continuously stick to the walls of container, 34Sol. 67. Sol, Kinetics Theory & Thermodynamics 1) suffer change in momentum when impinge on the walls of container. (JEE (Main}-2021, Online} “ From the assumption of KTG, the molecules of gas collide with the walls and suffers momentum change \which results in force on the wall and hence pressure. Hence option (8) is comect Wan C, 8 heatad atcsanyose Tera -40 = A diaiomic gas, having C, [JEE (Main}-2021, Online ()5:7:3 (252722 (132722 (43:52 @ dU = neat dQ = nC dr dW = Pall = nRdTT {isobaric process) dU: dQ:dW : €:C,:R ‘Thermodynamic process is shown below en a FLV diagram for one mole of an ‘deal gas. HV, = 2V, then the ratio of temperature T./T, is = [JEE (Main)-2021, Online} LPT) constant 2P.VsT) Lota A i 1 wy (al y2 wy 3) 1PVT)JEE-Physics 68, Sol, 70, n. Gat Given below are two statements ‘Statement! : Inadiatomic molecule, the rotational energyat a given temperature obeys Maxwells distribution, Statement I: Ina diatomic molecule, the ratafional energy at a given temperature equals the translational kinetic energy for each molecule, In the light of the above statements, choase the comect answer from the options given belawr (EE (Main}-2021, Online} {1} Statement is false but Statement Il is true {2} Both Statement | and Statement [are false {3} Both Statement | and Statement [L are true {4} Statement I is true but Statement Il is false. ) (4) Translational degree of freedom = 3 Rotational degree of freedom = 2 ‘The internal energy (Up, pressure (P} and volume (Vi) of an ideal gas are related asU = 3PW + 4. The gasis: [EE (Main}-2021, Online] (1) Diatomic only (2) Polyatomic only [S} Either monatomic or diatomic (4). Monoatomic onky nf. RT =3Pv+a 2 Sev sapye4 ipv = f=64 oo py Since degree of freedom is more than 6 therefore gas is polyatomic ‘The volume V ofan enclosure contains.a mixture of three gases, 16g.of oxygen, 28 g of nitrogen and 44.g.0f carbon dioxide at absolute temperature T. Consider R as universal gas constant. The pressure of the mixture of gases is (JEE (Main}-2021, Online} SRT RT ay as In thermadynarmics, heat and work are (JEE (Main}-2021, Online} (1) Path functions {2} Intensive thermodymamic state variablesKinetics Theory & Thermodynami (3) Extensive thermodynamic state variables (4) Point functions Ans. (1) Sol, Heat and work are treated as path functions in thermodynamics. aQ=al+aW ‘Since work done by gas depends on type of process ie. path and AU depends just on initial and final states, 50 AQ Le. heat, also has to-depend on process is path 72. Calculate the value of mean tree path (2) for oxygen molecules at temperature 27°C and pressure 1.01 x 10 Pa, Assume the molecular diameter 0.3 nm-and the gas is ideal. (k= 1.38 = 10-5 JK") [JEE (Main}-2021, Online} 10) 58 nm (2)32 nm (31.86 nm 14) 102 rm Ans. (4) RT ae So TSP 4. =102 nm 73. ACamot’s engine working between 400 K and 800 K has a werk output of 1200 J per cyele. The amount of heat energy supplied to the engine from the source in each eycle is (EE (Main}-2021, Online} 1) 3200 (2) 1800 (3) 1600. (4) 2400 J Sol. aq Q, = 2W = 24004 74. Ione mole of the polyatomic gas is having twa vibrational modes and fis the ratio of molar specific heats for polyatomic gas | B [then the value of fis [JE (Main)-2021, Online} f)1Loz (212 (3)1.25 (4/135 Ans. (2) Sol, (2)f=4 434 ‘assuming non linear 78. Whatwillbe the average value of energy alana ane dearee of freedom for an ideal gas in thermal equilibrium ata temperature T? (ky is Boltzmann constant) [JEE (Main}-2021, Online} kT 1 2 (1) hat (2) Ghat ‘3JEE-Physics Ans. (1) Sol. Energy associated with each degree of freedom per molecule 76, The PV diagram of a diatomic ideal gas system going under cyclic process as shown in figure. The work done during an adiabatic proces CD is (usey = 1.4) (SEE (Main}-2021, Online} 200Nn LooNim, I" (1) S00 4 (2) 4004 (4) 2003 (ay Adiabatie process is from C to D wo RM AM 1-7 Pop —FeVe I 200) 11004) 4 = 500 J Ans. (1) 77. Foran adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, the fractional change in its pressure is equal to where y is the ratio of specific heats): [EE (Main}-2021, Online] yt 2) 1 oi a ory ay ay wy Ans. (1) Sol, PV" = constant Differentiating wee wy uP WV P 78. Anideol gas ina cylinder is separated by a piston in such away thatthe entropy of one part isS, and that of the other partis ,. Given that S, > S,. Ifthe piston is removed then the total entropy of the sysiem will be: [EE (Main}-2021, Online} Si. (5, * (2)5,-8, as. (45, +5, —GstKinetics Theory & Thermodynamics ‘Aftor piston is removed Sa Saas 79. The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 4 moles of a rigid diatomic gas from D°C to 50°C when nowork isdone is__. (Ris the universal gas constant) [JEE (Main}-2021, Online} (1) 250 (2) 750.R (GNIS 14) 500R (4) Sol. sQ= aU + AW Here AW nC AT 50) = 5008 Hence option 4) 80. Considera mixture of gas molecule of types A, Brand C having masses m,, 372-273 = 99°C 87. The number of molecules in one litre of an ideal gas at 300 Kand 2 atmospheric pressure with mean kinetic energy 2 x 10° per molecules is [JEE (Main}-2021, Online} (1).075 x 10" (2)3.« 10" (311.5 x 10" (a) 6 x 10"! Ans, (3) Sol. x PEN,JEE-Physics Py ray 1.8 x10 88. Inthereported figure, thore Isa eye process ABCDA en a sample of 1 mol ofa dlatomie gas. The temperature of the gas during the process A +B and C —rD are T, andT, (T, > T,) respectively. [EE (Main}-2021, Online] Vy 1SVy 35Vy S.SVe Choose the correct option outof the following for work done if processes BC and DA are adiabatic, 0) Wag, = Woe (2) Way = Wags (BI Wye + Woa® 0 14) Wag = Wop, Ans, (2) =a ‘Sol. Work done in adiabatic process = sath -T) ‘An electric appliance supplies 6000 Jimin heat to the system. If the system delivers a power of 90W: How long it would take to inerease the internal energy by 2.5.x 108d? [JE (Main}-2021, Online] (1) 25 x 10's (2) 4.1 x 10's, (3) 2.4 * 10%s, {4) 2.5 x 10's Ans. (1) Sol. AQ=AU+AW 8Q_ AU aw At At At At = 250 sec Option (1) 90. A cylindrical container of volume 4.0. 10-* m® contains one mole of hyxlragen and two moles af carbon dioxide, Assume the temperature of the mixture is 400 K. The pressure of the mixture of gases is [ake gas constant a¢8.3.J mat! 1) (EE (Main}-2021, Online) —(aatp 200-10! , gy240y ops 240s 1 wa200 DsKinetics Theory & Thermodynamics _ 383400 “4x10 = 24.9 «10° Pa Ans 3 91. Arefrigeator consumesan average 35 W powerto operate between temperature ~10"C to-25'C. If there is no loss of energy then how much average heat per second does it transfer ? [JEE (Main)-2021, Online} (1) 263 Js (2) 298 Js (31350 dis 14) 35 dis Ans, (1) Sol At a6 Ge = 26 wots Ans.L J i i : ? ] 5 iJEE-Physics EXERCISE - 4(B) PREVIOUS YEARS AIEEE/JEE (MAIN)-ADVANCE LEVEL Essay To Bo Diseased in Class SECTION-1 : SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS 1. The specific heat capacity of a metal at low temperuite (7) is given as C,(alk-Hag) = 32575] A 100 ggam vessel ofthis metal s to be cooled from 20°K to 4°K by a special refrigerator operating at room temperature (27°C). The amount of work required to cool the vessel is:- [AIEEE - 2011) (1) quel w 0.002 41 (2) greater than 0,148 bd (3) between 0.148 kJ and 0.028 bel {4} less than 0.028 kl @ Sol. Specific heat at low temperature is cry C= 32\ aoa) Qs J meat rT = [510 32 1) or T9000 ~"\ 400) =22,_1 | 10 (a0) 4 — 2 __,. Liao -a*} 0.4007 4 a2 -——2 __..4..1160000-256) 1Ox(400p 4 = 0.002 kJ 9 B w 0.02 Rao Ww OW = 0.028 bs 4 0.002 Bord yO = 0.0148 kl 2. Helium gas goes througha cucle ABCDA {consisting of two isochoric and two ‘isobaric lines) as shown in figure. Efficiency of this cycle is nearly (Assume the «gas to be clase to-ideal gas) = [AIEEE - 2012] a12.5% (215.4% B)91% (au10.5% Ans. (2) Sol. W = Area bounded by curve = P.M, ‘Total heat supplied a}Kinetics Theory & Thermadyn Chamber 1 Chamber deat real 3. [sss gas 1 3 4 ‘There are two identical chambers, completely thermally insulated from survoundings, Both chambers have a partition wall dividing the chambers in twa compartments, Campartment 1 Is filed with an ideal gas and Compartment 3s filed with a real gas. Compartments 2 and 4 are vaceum. A small hol (orifice) fs made in the partition walls and the gases are allowed to expand in vaccum, IAIEEE - 2013, Online] Statement 1 : No change in the temperature of the gas takes place when ideal gas expands in vaccum, However, the temperature of real gas goes down (cooling) when it expands in vaccum, ‘Statement 2 : The internal energy of an ideal gas is only kinetic, The internal energy of a real gas s Kinetic. ‘a8 well as potential (1) Statement 1 fs trae and Statement 2 js false. (2) Statement 1 and Statement 2 both are true, Statement 2 és the cerrect explanation of Statement 1, {3} Statement 1 and Statement 2 both are true, But Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of Statement 1. (4) Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true. Ans. (2) Sol. Statement 1: when ileal gas freely expand ils temperature remains constant because that is na attraction in ideal gas but when real gas freely expand; attraction decrease and potantial energy increase and hence k, decrease due towhich temperature dectwase., Hence statement 2 correctly explain it 4. This question has Statement-1 and Statement-2, O/ the faur chotces given after the Statements, choose the cone that best describes the two Statements [JE (Main) - 2013, Online] ‘Statement-1 : The internal energy of a perfect gas is. entirely kinetic and depends only on absolute temperature of the gas and nat an is pressure or volume. ‘Statement-2 : 4 perfect gas is heated keeping pressure constant and later at constant volume. For the same. ‘amount of heat the temperature ofthe gasat constant pressure is lower than that at constant volume, {1} Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 true but Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of Statement-1 (2) Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is false, (3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2's true and Statement-2 isthe correct explanation of Statement (4) Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true, Ans. (1) Sol. Statement 1: ItistrueNo potential energy is stored in ideal gas as molecules are very far away for feam each ther. Since velocity depends only on temperature hance KE. depends only on tamperture. Statement 2: whan p' is constant, some part of heal is used te do work while when volume fs constant, complete heat is used in tamperture to increase internal energy. hence tamperture flower in wobarie process “ ‘The equation of state for agas isqiven by PV = nRT + a¥, where n isthe number af moles and « is a positive constant. The initial temperature and pressure of ane mole of the gas contained in a cylinder are T, and Py respectively. The work done by the gas when its temperature doubles isobarically will be = [JEE (Main) - 2014, Online] PATER PTR Opa 2) pa (IPL THR 4) PT, Rina z