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    Food

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    6 views6 pages

    f16c2e90-d37f-4922-a572-d8ec22b1b2e8 (1)

    Uploaded by

    Jehitha C
    Food

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Beta oxidation of saturated fatty acid Presentation report by IPSITA SAHOO Registration No — 200705180160 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Under the supervision of Dr. Sitaram swain Assistant Professor, School of Applied Sciences Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES (SOAS) Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha CONTENTS Fatty acid oxidation Types of fatty acid oxidation ‘Overview of fatty acid oxidation Beta-Oxidation of fatty acid Steps in Beta-Oxidation of fatty acid Stoichiometry of Beta oxidation Reference Introduction Fatty acid oxidation » Fatty acid contains a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxylate group. > The hydrocarbon chain may be saturated (with no double bond) or may be unsaturated (containing double bond). > Fatty acid Oxidation is the process where energy is produced by degradation of fatty acids. pes of fatty acid oxidation * Major mechanism, occurs in themitochondria matrix. + 2-C units are released asacetyl CoA per cycle + Predominantly takes place inbrain and liver, + one carbon is lost in the form ofCO2 per cycle + Minor mechanism, but becomes important in conditions of impaired beta oxidation Beta-Oxidation of fatty acid ® Beta-Oxidation may be defined as the oxidation of fatty acids on the beta-carbon atom. This results in the sequential removal ofa two carbon fragment, acetyl CoA. Occurs in the mitochondria and strictly aerobic. After production Acetyl-CoA is fed directly into the Krebs eycle. It occurs in many tissues including liver, kidney and heart. Fatty acids oxidation doesn't oveur in the brain, Strane Steps in Beta-Oxidation of fatty acid rr Activation of fatty acids (in cytosol) Steps -1; Activation of fatty acid » Faity acids are activated to acyl CoA by Ff thiokinases or acyl CoA synthetases. K a The reaction occurs in two steps and requires ATP, coenzyme A and Mg?* ANP. Thiokinase Pyrophosphatase Fatty acid reacts with ATP to form eet Pi acyladenylate which then combines with ‘coenzyme A 10 produce acyl CoA. RCH, CH CAMP Two high energy phosphates are utilized, since ATP is converted to pyrophosphate COASH (PPi). ‘The enzyme inorganic pyrophosphafase hydrolyses PPi to phosphate. RCH -CH-CCOA The immediate elimination of PPi makes Acyl Com this reaction totally irreversible. Steps -2; Transport of fatty acid into mitochondria > The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to fatty acids, > A specialized carnitine carrier system (carnitine shuttle) operates to transport activated fatty acids from cytosol to the mitochondria, er This occurs in four steps . Acyl group of acyl CoA is transferred to camitine (B-hydroxy y-irimethyl aminobutyrate) catalyzed by carnitine acyltransferase (CAT) (present on the outer surface of inner mitochondrial membrane), . The acyl-carnitine is transported across the membrane to mitochondrial matrix by a specific carrier protein, . Camitine acyl transferase Il (found on the inner surface of inner mitochondrial membrane) converts acyl-carnitine to acyl CoA, . The carnitine released returns to cytosol for reuse. Catia Transporter Steps -3; Beta-Oxidation proper > Each cycle of B -oxidation, liberating a two carbon unit-acetyl CoA, occurs ina sequence of four reactions 1, Oxidation 2. Hydration 3. Oxidation 4. Cleavage. Oxidation * Acyl CoA undergoes dehydrogenation by an FAD-dependent flavoenzyme, acyl CoA dehydrogenase, + A double bond is formed between a and carbons (i.¢., 2 and 3 carbons) Oxidation o rap FADH, H ° a «@ I i i R—CH)—Oy—C~S—cox SRG —C~s—coA 1 Acyi-COA dehydrogenase 4 Acyl-CoA a,f+Enoyl-Com 2. Hydration + Enoyl CoA hydratase brings about the hydration of the double bond to form 3 - hydroxyacyl CoA. Hydrotysis tof oF R—€=¢—C~S—coA —T—— +R cH cH S— Con 4 nrdraraze a-Envoyl-CoA 3. Oxidation + 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase catalyses the second oxidation and generates NADH. * The product formed is f-ketoacyl CoA. 3+Hydroxyacyl

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