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(RT PB AST SRA ML (Lack, 1943), AA SR th AY LA ER WARE, PANE KS oh ve SE FT ti TB Sa A A OWT (Peiponen, 1960), 4MR My BH Ak A Mo ieaatte rane tena a oe eeSAE A REM LAA Te EM ae AGWEWES, RTTRRRT SALOME. HE. # FPRREW REE PRB. BIG, MAY PRR EMK SAE FREON. HIND, Bb Ra eR. TE BMD AAS Ry MOL UR” YS EE ME A md AE APE R SHER A RAY. FERAL BS, ERA RR BHRRHRSH, AREAS, Cer S ie AYN 7 RARE. ROT te Pate BK LY eae SHE. BRASH REA, (AEM BAS Fy RAT HE Set CE AT AR, PEP AL Set EPR EG RRA REY ERT 5 Wb 9 ae eA ey RR A (Langer, Blank, & Chanowitz, 1978), {82 A @® ME HE RK, QR AAPA, WRAP ee Bn, BEAM ATT RES CAN I, AA, ATT AL aS BA CRM —-HEMAMA. USAR ERA SE A EE ZL A, RARRRER AT. RLLR- FSD? AWA BAAS” EP EAE SEO R LP US BS FRR, 94% OARS SI TATE, RR RRS MA, RARARER YT. RAIL RIA — FL AS Flt, A SOMA MLICT th. BES PK, PS RAISE ee HETR-POPRR AM BUNAR, “APRA SH, (HX O ARES OO ARM RARER, bA-eRE Me BY, A RRO BA LAT Aaa OE RF FE ANE ACE 9 eA a SRA RA A Pd ES PE 9 a 6KT RSA TR, MEME RS, RIERA | MIP IB— IR. MAT “BA” kal, WRIT AP RWI CAA" XP, AARAAS EONS, “Al A” CUA TAG HR ESB. MR, RATA BSE FARA AELE IR A — FO EL 7A PE IL hE” FES ALD. OR EE fe OR FER Mt, HL SERA A (934) ABE Tee th AT FAT Oat LE Sa dy A 2 OBR FO LESH EE Oy ATA fe He BER — TY LBs EA IS FRU Ee ORE Ark LS SE RAR AI FREE HEA fh AAA EAR TR DI Ze “, BME EE, RH PA EE ATH. AUR AR TAR EUS AT BA “PE TRE Heb — PO. RAVE RE ER PA ARMAS PROT A, RR RRA. Be SR ACN RE A A A ae IT SE ESD ST — FRE — AS HS ATE. PET RR A Sk KPA. FEVER TR AIS PEAT HEAD Es A Oy BI AB A ZK ART AY J PE A AAS TK ARS I ARATE PRERE, SEU RIVARA BHAI. WR IE HBRMAR, RNA SAGER BAT - INTER MAT AE ERGY. HORE — WSDL TLR TRA AT A te BE ER BLES ST AL PPAR RHA, AREA RAS RTE BSE a) BE PRR FS FRU RA AS ee ET, BAT eR BR HER 1 A a HC HE HEY PT AFR? RBG BR, Re BU eH ASE ee EE (Chaiken 8 Trope, 1999; Kahneman, Slovics & Tversky), fii {i] PR RER R. IX HERE RHE PENH AE “Bh = ALL” BASRA IAA RAY. Es ATR EA HR U1 A PT BL, O fF -PAFEMAS TRS PORE ER — mere -— iE — EP BABY A (Zimmatore, 1983), HPP ERA a] ET. ALLL SR TTT AT, CLR {1 RP RT a CR A ME AY Ld RR I PERK. 10HYDE A EK RUN RAB AE A CA RL BM R. ARR fe RAK RRA “a RAK” SEAN RRAKA. WU. ARE “CRE EAN” X—- MY HERH, ERAS PRES BF, TERMATHAPER— HEA OAR ENG FIRMA RAG, WRB. RE-PABA ERATE. REAR RECA, RNS RAP. HAMAR AMR OT AE RATTRAY “ROE, MEY AR Cs MDT TT ARR (i EFA TR RH Hi BY Oy “PE OQIZ BI” (Chaiken & Trope, 1999), ARSE, MAMMA HEH, WAR PEA EAT AS BGT A OT, AAPL RE AY ata (ie cs Ar HW Ls PRU STU HoBe OY AERA “EME, ME” WY MR (Chen &. Chaiken, 1999; Petty & Wegener, 1999), 2 BRMA—7T BoE AF. EA-TREt, BREAS HSE MOTT PERAK AEE Dt — PSR ARTY Be A RT ET EE EH X— EG ALG HA) SA AS RA A fa AL aa BUARI, tHR HHS BY. RSI MEST. Ak, fh at DRAMA So ETE EL A WOE WR ET OPT Fy He KG EEN gE A RE AT A SR Ft. KER RNSAKA, AMA BBR TREUHA SCTE GEE. SGA ARE. ATA OM, ATER “SRA — eA” KP, ARITA A AE , TAT CS A MAINE — TK. AA ART. fT BALAMT URS SRS. BIR LUA tk.HE EAR — 2B BCR ARTY?” FAS = RR HULA, AeA “RI. We” RAM RMA, BB NFA CRA —-KESHM. MR-FPURNORKRRER, B NEASS ACT RRA Et BRE SoH EB CLeippe & Elkin, 1987), (Ht, XARA BBA RAT URAEKS. WARN, RAYRNMARARE, ba SRAM A Fat, BRAT AS ee PAA HT RR a Bt SUES AA RS ERMA. PREM RRR. WE TEEN RRR RSS, BRS ee 2(Cohen. 1978; Milgram, 1970), WARRAEUE . ARIE se 48 be ath Bae. WAAR UR. FOR OU. tee otk oP A, SERRE, RNBBAR EMTS. RT Ht THOU RITRHATE CARRE, RNB SAA ccs SZ Cy RE AG HBL — AP aT BB ATR SABE EER HY “ALERT HE” MR MR PAE RATE A Coushee, 1984), BARA SE AY REIS AA, TERS AT. OL ARALHT ER AB + PH HE PY KG DEO ET TR PR RAREM TH, AY SH CCAIR, RE E ASKER E FOR I A KT TR “PR Et BY” GREE. MOL RUPERT RM TE EE, BEE SBT Be A BT hued 24 IE (Harper, Kidera, & Cullen, 1971). IBM 228) WEE. 20H + HEE, ik RRR ELE TEE AEE. LAIKA KRE, HHES AAA ARS RIE MERC HAD KALA REE. AR -- SELIR - ES 2s He ea ae EK Le RE. A AT RAE RCE Th. HES A HS FOE KE, ET BOERS. CE HAP, BPP RRR, EAH HB eK BE To RATA SR TY BS eB APR hie CPLA, BRYA MAUR AAA C FEMA, RRR REA TARTAR SH. RAMEY, sa BAR A— RNR, A. HR, Be A — Ba (Kahn & Baron, 1995), SRGRE-TREA RAM REM BRET Re A AES ST A SR. TTR AS “ACR” Re BTRAA. igWORE, MRA AE Sb. RR RL EI TUL. COUBM ARTE, REA — TOA AT BS, PUTT (eC PE ECE fea TRE Ae Hak PP a BS a FEN (Watson, 1990): DRG SR EET, Re “HORE ko EMT fh. AA EPRAR BRET” fh. RADE ES RRA.” RE-MEM, ER? AE he, (RRB A MEDS ROE? TE BREHARERT. UR. eas BE PEAY AE FS PRN HY BRR IS AY HE SR TUTTE 2 Ii ORE RI THe ARR REE, RE {AS TREE SPAR PR. ROR TRS EIN Wy EP AREA URES. AS PRR AANA. HRSRA RTA, F-THRRIOM HEME: ERETRENMAMH, RNEEREARH WSR. see T RP A CAE. ATH-FTMRNA CHA, AORRKG- PES? BAR LE, ARE AE, ABE “ORIOLE” BSR EE A SPROHRENMMT NER. FRE HERA Ro WAT AR A A, SS A AS EE A a, Kb, MSEREF ORLA AH EDN BPE, WARE HR, QABMEL+ MA RAF A CHA. Ai — fae th EY ME tk RS HE A FE RY — iaPRE A PD FSS. SRE AE ak HS BG SE APMEES AEA, (ABLE Oy BE, Be KP LEE S LRAT — TRB —-— AAT BG 2S ACCES RRNA SRB TREES HI 1 ASI, OMS HERE Xn BEE Sh 0 RAT SER UM RED, S68 a HGS LITRE, TC LEA KE— WBS —KHpri.© HPN HE, IPRA MH COME, He HE HRS RA PL BR AE, Le 1 2 NE (OR AS ERAS BE, TB AS RENO HL FARA TR, SS RM HEE, oh PAIS SE RY LR HA TG CURA (Goodenough, 1991) © SA a RBH, PE AEE Sait DAK at Sb Sb a] Bd PBL it RS eh, ERR, WR RS 7 ade FA. SHLAA 2 a OE Re Be AT A TF BE BZ Smisek AR I, FRI Aa MH EAH REY DAE RA REDE. BPR D RGR, SERRE RHARIRRAAKEE WTAE, PME APA EE, ELIS «RE As = I ES PRT 1A BAAR ARS A AE Id BB A TT S| FAN. Ry TA FOR PLE OS EAR STE ATBE WRG ABS ET. AAI ABET T RE rege Ra EE. CQ) BPRS A BRAT AD 9 oh | Hn ed HRA a, ERAT R ARIE AAAiL. MORE Ean AE WLLPUASAS BRD", ESE. IRE, RAP ULIG RAE A Oe REE ITT PRCA. ch PK HERO AE EY BY SESE LM APY ae OP SRE AGT GC AYRT ASE Ca A A UE PA A a AT HEART ERM AT FOYE ARIE HR. ORE a SESE TE AT HI CHolldobler 1971). EsHOSE REY RA AAA N(R Beh A TAT BO RE FAL REG). 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Ak. ~~ RAK, HEA PRE PA AF RUE ROK 2 fa, PE Ber eS HB AE a A ZK Th. ROR EAH LAT RRA. RA FS RTE De — 7K HE AB BLES AK PY EE AIR ERK JAA BTER AK 1 LABELS Ko KP SUR RRAT FHBRE TPA SE. ERD AP. Bh BK — 28 Be TAS BSG AT Lk AE ER FE Yet ED TBE ABR 5 BED ORE A TR PLAT. AP RE RKN GRRE. ERT RE, WA TED PHY fH RRL A. AT PE TEE. HAR IAS Hea RAT A RR IT OR BEAK. RSE RE AAT. OTB ie ATE PR. ROBE PLE RAE. age PRE, UOMO AAR, HHO RE OT ATES D A MPRA RT. APKC RIMS SES RRRMAM BU AMAT CME A. BURP). IR ATT RL a TTB 5 RAT AR EP AH A OY FATT, MR AR. BT IEA Tok METERS” Le RFRHEBRARH S, AS CHR ARKH BRE BAe T. 18URAL — eb a Ea BY RIVE 7 AB RS i Fa Aah ATV SAT. BEE A Be BE YB — BP FRM OVALE LEH te: RAYE PS RE S CRSA CEKLOKR-ASRAMR. UREA Ph. ALA fib PTS eS i de A: RR RE Wid, BARR Ke, MELRAE KR BERET. 4th AGP (PE RE 95 SRM OY BE Se nT SAE, EL RU FR AZ 45S RETER. ORHERRKA BREA BIBT . AREIASE WAT LAA de 7 a SE CH Be ASE. SHUR. HRT AM HB TRARY ER SERS, TE RHE ED AT. SARE BAY Whitney. Hubin, & Murphy, 1965), “A BMH, ME — + A EBERT AY AULA BH. fh ALAR IK EAE, AH AL Te ERE Se ALARA, Hh E ES OER EMF Le” 19HRN EBS, BARBRALAFW GG. RABBAIS BH. ER KR. MEKREVANAWRK., BERNA EUW. HE EE, ELPRAWRTEETAT. He RAA-WE CLARET. REFPFAABEAKPA GPRS H BAAS RP MRS LALPESHT. RA CRRETASLEM, MRCBEKEKE TER, OAR HKMU-RKRAN-KY. ENR, BEHRAMRAKG, ABA anak A PRE TAS LI. ERBBS RAT @ i, MRT RPA. BMARRAZGR. RARE RRTE KO, ULSSMRRREETRNAB. LEAR, EE RAMPFER-DEM DAMTLH. EDRF M HK, & HNELERRBART., THASEM. PHN DMR. 8 FEHR AAR HRZNT. HH, FEBR, AAT. ARBRE A RE, RRM RAKBA DEE BR, HRM Eat RY — AE a ARR IS EA RR RR RAZR, AAA a AKA Re, RRP MM RRR, RAAT ect AM BR ET. H ERKCE GEMMA I RMR HS, REG HR MKRABERARK: KRARMRARATRR, RRA Ke RADA, RAITH, RAR, HRABWK, BE. ® HREARET CD, VERT “FE, RA BRUNER SS KER, BM IL, a BEL DANE R BAKES PRE BRT R MS, (ROO eT CAP, 20FE AE RA SR, RSE LB HB Be BE 0 ah 1, GMM, SURF T UIC, AS AIC AACR EAMES, RBS LINBRH, Rei 2 BS EIB GARR KSEE RAM BEA KR, EMT MACE. AKAD He, FATT FY DA Ae OB ERLE A — 8 RB 9 BE HE, FP BEAR D LAS s oo Hes a TTD AB BE AR EE OTA THT. Hee DIE AS RHE TRAE 25 Rh GA EL A aR TERRY ZS BI OSS RTT ASHE ASEM I. RRR FT RL HAIG, a ROT th. RO TMP EA REE ABS TER UR ATO fA - ARERR RRS, PLEAS ah 2a BK, RRARESAT HH. SERS Fit, HERAMILERA SEM RFR, SRR. fh RT. HRREAP AA A “AR? Be. AAR ERES JLB AR MEADS. HET FEY SPR. TT HAST LAE AEF SRE TH a SH, HiEBEA DAUM SH BP Mh FEAR BA. HARE - ER AB ARO “REA pooh, (aR AK ASU. AHIR ee I OR TU eS BRE FRR REF FEAR IE ST BIL Nee PILLAI BSE AER FRE RTO” PE GA) AY Le A Oy A PE BE RT BS RT ABE EP fh BRR I — I eT LA Se BE LE AeA BA et. MES EMR RC Hy LT eR age REIL Be BE TRIAL ZR BS SE ELSE. HERI ER Mir VEEAR RAR. MM. DMI, RR: aPROM, TEL PRY. ik ORK Oe EE EPP RU ST SIGE Oe, EE — ER A AY ST SUSRERENKBEHRLERASLERTE. REA RRL A AE. Ay BAO LER AS OE He 4B EY FE RH) OREO AR. A, PA FEGHER, EREAARRECE HK, WRB AGS RAHA RIAA RI LAT, HEAR RL AUh eae, Ob a RSE AM GRE. 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SEAS SER LAR ody, ANG A BR A WR —-—HRRS - EANMTA HRW. 2B VRE» PEATE BEA HY 7 A FRA A RT — BW. MR-TRABT RIT RI, RAT sR PHAR TRUE AL, PRAT IC TE RE SI BY HL HG ARAL 5 ONE FO AH RAS MT ~~ PRR fi — a Bile aU PRL OK, HP SE 2Ode eek =f i pied ued BLE i] oe eg sae Oey eee Sy age eo) " eee ri ee aa PURO US eae 3 ai ior eo out l Wea tee eee L iar hol a eld ba 6 oll yy 0 EP RUy, ener aE AS bee LL ena ecm zs ol DlBRO Ay, BCAA ee ES ad HAR TT SSL . BOSS. Wk — BRASS BE MS AR BATH, ERB RRS ha PBR” SEB _E CART HH" WF Xia, ARPA Be ZTE ABLE SR A BR 2a — BE, CNLARKM PLE RM AE. EM won, Re ER TRAM AZ, APRA HAT (1960), ZEX PER ER FAI — TRUS et BL? ARR, RRR —- THe PAB A LRT LP a AE hI I CE Bay, Ae, — AS BIS 64 VAL Dy BE BY XS BK AB A BY AB IE ABC WOME. FANS SERB - ERUA, ARZIT REBAR, TR ASDA BE. BE “FRAT AGRE She RAR, ACKHRF, RHDRNMBAES SATUS SRY MS AEE PPS) fh PY Be AG AE AB” (Leakey & Lewin, 1978). SMARERS TR + BRM BE MEH “KR SR FA” HL A 88 Ap A — PL. Ee PT aK Fl, ARAB ADL, RAH Ie. 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