PAPR Comparison in Companding

Methods
GROUP MEMBERS:

1) PRANAV GANDHI-142207005
2) MANALI KAMBLE-142207006
3) SAMRUDDHI LAVATE-142207007
4) SAKSHI SHETTY-142207008

Project Overview:
In this project, we aim to explore and implement logarithmic companding techniques,
specifically focusing on μ-law and A-law companding, using a combination of analog and
digital combinatorial circuits. Companding, a term derived from "compressing" and
"expanding," is crucial in telecommunication systems for efficient signal transmission,
especially in scenarios where dynamic range reduction is necessary.

Implementation Approach:
Our project entails the design and construction of circuits that utilize both analog and digital
components. For μ-law and A-law companding, we are employing logarithmic companding
methods. In the case of μ-law companding, a non-linear quantization technique widely used
in digital telecommunication systems, we are implementing the logarithmic compression
algorithm using a combination of analog and digital components. The analog stage handles
signal conditioning, while the digital combinatorial circuits perform the actual companding
operations.

PAPR Comparison:
One of the primary objectives of this project is to compare the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio
(PAPR) of signals processed using μ-law and A-law companding methods. PAPR is a critical
metric in communication systems, as it directly impacts the efficiency of power amplifiers.
By employing both analog and digital circuits, we can evaluate the effectiveness of these
companding techniques in reducing signal peaks, thereby lowering PAPR and ensuring more
efficient power utilization.
A – Law Circuitry

u – Law Circuitry
Component List:

Quantity description RefDes Package

1 74STD, U1 IPC-2221A/2222\NO16
74148N
4 74STD, U7, U8, U9, IPC-2221A/2222\NO16
74151N U10
7 LED_orange LED2, LED3, Ultiboard\LED9R2_5Vo
LED 4,
LED5, LED6,
LED7, LED8
12 BC547 BC547
1 Voltage
regulator IC
7805
1 Voltage
regulator 7812
2 Battries

Future Exploration:
Furthermore, our project extends its scope to investigate additional companding techniques
beyond μ-law and A-law. We plan to explore Exponential and Gaussian companding
methods, both of which have unique characteristics suitable for specific applications. By
implementing these methods and comparing their performance against logarithmic
companding techniques, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of various companding
strategies and their impact on signal quality, bandwidth efficiency, and power utilization.

Conclusion:
In summary, our project delves into the implementation of μ-law and A-law companding
methods using a blend of analog and digital combinatorial circuits. Through rigorous
experimentation and analysis, we seek to compare the PAPR reduction capabilities of these
methods and extend our study to include Exponential and Gaussian companding. By doing
so, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the optimization of communication systems,
bridging the gap between theoretical concepts and practical applications in the field of signal
processing and telecommunications.