Consumer Reports Used Car Buying Guide - August 2019

TOP MODELS
UNDER $30,000
2015 LEXUS RX 350 >
UsedCar Buying
Guide TM
BEST SUVs
PLUS
Trucks,
Cars, and
Minivans
You Can
Honda CR-V Rely On
Toyota Highlander
Mazda CX-5
Subaru Crosstrek
Lexus RX
2017 HONDA CR-V
284
AUGUST 2019 CR.ORG
MPG
CHAMPS MODELS
Hybrids, RATED
Electrics, or AND
Diesels? REVIEWED Please display until August 19, 2019
Contents
AUGUST 2019
Miles and Smiles

The Dodge Charger gets
high scores in our owner
satisfaction survey.
P. 20
4 Should You Buy CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 6
a Newer Car?
Use this helpful flowchart to
32 Stretch Your 62 Think Before You Buy 78 Keep Your Car and
determine whether you
Fuel Economy How to navigate the world Tires in Top Shape
should keep your current From gasoline to hybrids to of auto financing, from Tips on how to save money
car or buy a newer one. full electric vehicles, we help banks and credit unions to on car maintenance and
you make sense out of saving FICO and HELOC. advice on shopping for tires.
money when you refuel. Plus: CR’s exclusive tire
CHAPTER 1
R ATI N G S
CHAPTER 5 test results.
6 Find the Right R ATI N G S
Vehicle for You CHAPTER 3 72 Get Top Dollar
for Your Old Car
Used vehicles are a tremen- 48 Avoid a Lemon 96 Vehicle Profiles
dous value. We help you When you need to dispose
This is your best chance to Expert reviews, pricing, and
narrow your choices down of your old car, do you
size up the car you might buy. crash-test data for 284 cars,
to the best options for you. trade it in or sell it yourself?
Here’s how you can make trucks, and SUVs.
R ATI N G S We detail what you need
R ATI N G S
the most of it. to do to make the best choice
for your bank account.
P. 62
PHOTOS: GET T Y IMAGES
P. 78 P. 48
CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 1

From the Editors
Used Car
President and CEO Marta L. Tellado
TM
Senior Vice President, Chief Operating Officer Leonora Wiener

Vice President, Chief Content Officer Gwendolyn Bounds
Editor in Chief, Consumer Reports Magazine Diane Salvatore
Design Director Matthew Lenning Creative Director, Brand Young Kim
Associate Design Director Sheri Geller
Art Directors Tammy Morton Fernandez, Lisa Slater, Tracy Stora
Photo Editors Emilie Harjes, Karen Shinbaum
Vice President, Research, Testing & Insights Liam McCormack
Senior Director, Content Development Glenn Derene
Deputy Directors, Content Development Christopher Kirkpatrick, Ellen Kunes
Associate Directors, Content Development Scott Billings, Althea Chang
Senior Director, Content Impact & Corporate Outreach Jen Shecter
Editorial Director, Digital Erle Norton
Senior Director, Product Testing Maria Rerecich
Wet-Braking Test
Auto Test Center
One of the Patrick Olsen, Content Lead
evaluations CR’s Editors/Writers: Keith Barry, Jeff S. Bartlett, Jonathan Linkov, Mike
testers perform. Monticello, Jeff Plungis
Auto Test Center: Jake Fisher, Jennifer Stockburger, Directors
Product Testers: Michael Bloch, Child Seat Project Leader; Frank
Chamberlain, Track Maintenance Specialist; Erik Dill, Facilities Manager;
Steve Elek, Senior Automotive Data Analyst; Kelly Funkhouser, Program
Manager, Vehicle Interface; John Ibbotson, Chief Mechanic; Michael Jascot,
Maintenance Specialist; Chris Jones, Auto Tire Technician; Steve Kuczynski,
Facilities Technician; Anita Lam, Associate Director, Automotive Data
The CR Difference Integration; Gene Petersen, Tire Program Manager; Ryan Pszczolkowski,
Auto Tire Technician; Mike Quincy, Automotive Content Specialist; Mary
Reed, Business Manager; Gabriel Shenhar, Associate Director, Auto Test
Program, Vehicle Dynamics; Shawn Sinclair, Automotive
IF YOU’RE READING THIS, About the only things you Engineer; Emily A. Thomas, Automotive Safety Engineer; Joe Veselak, Senior
you’ve already made two smart won’t find in this guide are car Testing Technician; Seung Min “Mel” Yu, Automotive Analyst
decisions: You’ve decided to company advertisements. CR Chief Scientific Officer James H. Dickerson
Product Safety Don Huber, Director; Doris Sullivan, Associate Director
buy a used car, and you’ve is a nonprofit organization,
Content Systems & Operations Strategy Robert Kanell, Director
asked CR’s experts to help you and we don’t answer to auto- Content Operations David Fox, Director; William Breglio; Anthony Terzo
choose the right one. makers or dealers. We answer Production Eric W. Norlander, Manager; Letitia Hughes, Terri Kazin
Photography John Powers, John Walsh
A used car can be a great only to you, the consumer— Imaging Francisco Collado, Mark Linder
value, but with so many vehicles with tips on how to keep a Content Coordination Nancy Crowfoot, Associate Director; Diane Chesler,
for sale, it can be tough to find dealership from fast-talking Aileen McCluskey
Copy Editing Leslie Monthan, Copy Chief; Noreen Browne, Alison France,
the one that will meet all you into buying a lemon Wendy Greenfield
your needs. (page 48), how to get the low- Fact Checking David Schipper, Manager; Kathleen Adams, Tracy
Anderman, Sarah Goralski, Christine Gordon, Karen Jacob
That’s where we come in. est interest rate on a car loan
Consumer Engagement Testing Charu Ahuja, Director; Linda Greene,
Only CR has tested more (page 62), and how to get Samuel Chapman
than 800 vehicles over the the most for your trade-in Statistics & Data Science Michael Saccucci, Director; Andrew Cohen, Dina
Haner, Keith Newsom-Stewart
past decade, putting each (page 72). Survey Research Karen Jaffe, Simon Slater, Associate Directors; Dave
one through more than That way, we can help you Gopoian, Kendra Johnson, Debra Kalensky, Martin Lachter, Jane Manweiler,
John McCowen, Adam Troy
50 evaluations. And only CR make an informed buying
Administration Decarris Bryant, Donna Johnson
conducts annual reliability decision free of marketing hype,
so you can get the right car at Consumer Insight Monica Liriano, Associate Director; Frank Yang; Joey
and owner satisfaction surveys Edwards, Teneisha Thomas
of its members. In 2018, we the best price.
Marketing Dawn Nelson, Senior Director; Patricia McSorley, Newsstand
gathered data on about a half- —CR’s Auto Test Team Procurement Operations Steven Schiavone, Associate Director
million vehicles. Vice President, Chief Communications Officer Matt Anchin; Vice
President, Financial Planning & Analysis JoAnne Boyd; Vice President,
Chief Human Resources Officer Lisa Cribari; Vice President, Chief Digital
Officer Jason Fox; Vice President, Advocacy David Friedman; Vice
President, Chief Intelligence Officer Esther Han; Vice President, General
CONNECT WITH US
Counsel Michael Hubner; Vice President, Development Geoffrey
MacDougall; Vice President, Business Strategy
& Planning Betsy Parker; Vice President, Chief Social Impact Officer Shar
FACEBOOK TWITTER Taylor; Vice President, Chief Financial Officer Eric Wayne
fb.com/consumerreports @consumerreports
CONSUMER REPORTS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE (ISSN 1530-3267)
fb.com/SomosCR @SomosCR is published by Consumer Reports, Inc., 101 Truman Ave., Yonkers,
NY 10703. CONSUMER REPORTS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE is registered
YOUTUBE PINTEREST in the U.S. Patent Office. Contents of this issue copyright © 2019 by Consumer
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copyright conventions.
The information in USED CAR BUYING GUIDE is intended solely for the use
INSTAGRAM LINKEDIN of its readers and may not be used in advertising or for any other commercial
@consumerreports /company/ purpose. For information on how Consumer Reports content can be used,
go to CR.org/nocommercialuse. Reproduction of this publica-
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2 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

Who We Are and How We Test
Road-Test Ready
Our 327-acre
Auto Test Center,
located in central
Connecticut.
WE ARE CONSUMER REPORTS, the country’s but we drive each car thousands of miles One involves driving the cars up to and be-
preeminent, independent, nonprofit over several months. yond their limits on our road course. The
consumer-product testing organization. Our evaluations consist of more than other, a crash-avoidance course, simulates
Results of our tests and surveys appear on 50 individual tests. That’s how we know the maneuver needed to avoid hitting a
CR.org, in Consumer Reports magazine, which cars are best for short and tall child, an animal, or an object that sud-
across social media, and in books like this drivers (page 11) and which pickup trucks denly appears in your lane of travel.
one, the Used Car Buying Guide. get the best fuel economy (page 39). CR’s fuel-economy tests are independent
Inside you’ll find a wealth of information Some evaluations, such as those for of government and auto-company claims.
about 2009 to 2018 used cars, SUVs, and acceleration, braking, and fuel economy, First, we splice a precision fuel meter
trucks. We’ll let you know which models are objective, instrumented tests that system into each car’s fuel line. Then we
are available and how they compare in require state-of-the-art electronic gear. conduct a stop-and-go city-driving circuit
performance, fuel economy, and safety. Others, such as assessments of at the track and log highway fuel economy
We also give you expert advice on seat comfort, ease-of-use of controls, and at a steady 65 mph on a straight stretch
determining how much you can afford, the ride quality, are more subjective and of public highway. We derive our overall
best ways to shop, and how to get the most graded by a jury of auto-test staffers. Each fuel-economy figures from these tests.
for your money—even if you hate haggling. tester spends hours behind the wheel CR evaluates headlights through in-
Each year, CR conducts its exclusive of each car, at our facility, in everyday strumented tests and on a nighttime
member survey for auto reliability and driving, and on road trips and travel course lined with a series of black targets
owner satisfaction—we received data with their families. set up at specified distances apart.
on about half a million vehicles in 2018— Separate evaluations cover controls In addition to vehicles, we evaluate tires
so you can trust us to tell you which cars and displays, cabin and trunk space, and and child seats.
to buy and which to avoid. vehicle fit and finish. ± Tires. As part of our exhaustive tests,
Our auto test track allows us to safely we run tires for thousands of miles to
H OW WE TE S T C A RS evaluate all cars under similar conditions project tread life. We evaluate most com-
Situated on 327 acres in rural Connecticut, and at their testing limits. It includes a mon types of car and SUV tires, from
the Consumer Reports Auto Test Center 4,400-foot main straight that runs into a all-seasons to ultra-high-performance and
is home to some 30 staff members— 3,500-foot handling course of undulating winter tires (page 78).
ILLUSTR ATION: NICOL AS R APP
automotive engineers, auto writers and turns of varying radius and elevation. ± Child seats. We evaluate every car to see
editors, technicians, analysts, and support We use dedicated lanes to test dry and how easy it is to install a variety of child
staff. They take turns anonymously buying wet braking, and for our evaluations of seats and get them cinched up securely.
each of the 60 or so cars and trucks emergency handling. Many trials are Crash-testing for child seats is conducted
tested each year. industry-standard tests, but some are at an outside contract lab.
Most other car reviewers borrow cars unique to us: Learn more about how Consumer
from manufacturers for a week at a time, Emergency-handling tests are twofold. Reports tests at CR.org/autotest.

How to Shop for Your Next Car
START HERE
Should You Buy a

Newer Car? If you
want to save
money.
Is your car
a gas guzzler?
ARE YOU ITCHING to replace your should replace your car, think Yes
car? It may be surprising, but about cost, safety, and connectiv-
the one you’re driving right now ity. If your mechanic is spending
Would you
could be a keeper. Here’s why: more time with your car than you save a lot of
money with
No
Cars built in the past decade are are and your repair bills are as big more mpg?
more reliable than ever. With as monthly payments on a newer
proper care, many newer cars will car, it’s probably time to trade up.
provide relatively trouble-free ser- The only older cars worth keeping No
vice for 200,000 miles or more. are ones that are reliable and safe.
If your car is only a few years At a minimum, an older car
old, keeping it will free you from should have electronic stability Are annual
repair costs
a new cycle of payments and save control and curtain airbags. More Yes more than car
payments?
you a bundle in insurance, taxes, recent cars can be found with for-
and other expenses—primarily de- ward-collision warning (FCW), au-
preciation. Today’s brand-new cars tomatic emergency braking (AEB),
Yes
lose 46 percent of their value, on and blind-spot warning (BSW)—all
average, in the first three years. recommended safety features.
It seems reasonable to replace And if you’re looking for the No
your car with a newer model and latest electronic convenience and
enjoy improved fuel economy. entertainment systems, you’re
But low gas prices blunt that probably going to want a new car,
impact, and you need to save a lot or at least an almost-new one.
of money at the pump to make Certain features, such as
up for those depreciation and Bluetooth capability for hands-
sales-tax hits. free calls, can be added to
Now, your current ride probably an older car with aftermarket
doesn’t have the latest safety and equipment but may lack the
convenience features, and your integration and ease of use of
warranty has probably expired. a factory system.
And even the most reliable models Finally, be sure to choose from
grow troublesome as they age. our list of reliable used cars, start-
To determine whether you ing on page 26. Keep your car
for a few
more years.

START HERE START HERE
If you want If you

more safety want more
features. technology.
Do you Have your

have electronic vehicle needs
stability control changed?
(ESC)?
Yes No
Do you want Do you want

the latest safety No the latest in-car Yes
features? technology?
No No
Are you
concerned about Do you have
Yes Yes Bluetooth and
breakdowns? navigation?
Yes No
What’s CR’s Are you

used-car No okay with an Yes
ILLUSTR ATION: RYAN VULK
verdict for aftermarket

your car? solution?
Above Below
No Yes
Average Average
SALE!
Buy a 2- or Upgrade your

3-year-old phone and
used car. keep your car.

1
FIND THE
RIGHT
VEHICLE
FOR YOU
Here’s how to assess your used-car needs.
Savvy buyers know that used cars are

great values. A 3-year-old car might sell for
half what it cost new, yet its performance
and driving experience remains similar
to a brand-new version. But the process
can be confusing: There are three times as
many used cars sold each year as new
cars. Sure, choices are available at every
price, but it’s tough to sift through all
the variants. In this chapter we will help
you sort through the clutter.
6
7
1 Find the Right Vehicle
Why Buy Used?

It’s the Smart Choice
8
THE KEY TO MAKING the right choice used cars are more reliable than tion, including the model’s popularity,
is finding the vehicle that best fits ever, maintenance and repair costs perceived quality, supply, and whether
your priorities, such as price, fuel econ- are still important considerations. or not it’s the current generation. The
omy, safety, comfort, and reliability. Plus, used cars may run out of war- average depreciation on a $35,000 car
We lay out a systematic approach to ranty coverage. You can expect not means that after three years it’s worth
assessing your needs and match them only more problems as the years and only about $17,800—a huge hit in the
to a manageable number of candidate miles pile up but also more costly ones. vehicle’s residual value.
cars. Our recommendations are based This means owners will have to pay for Interest rates. Historically, loans
on hands-on testing, the largest pool potentially costly repairs in addition for new cars have a lower interest rate
of reliability data available anywhere, to parts that get worn, such as tires, than ones for used cars. At the end of
and our car experts’ accumulated brakes, and batteries. But even if you 2018, the national average for a new-
knowledge. This chapter will guide you replaced all those things the moment car loan interest rate was 6.13 percent,
to the best models and steer you away you bought a used car, you’d still save according to Experian. By comparison,
from those that don’t measure up. At more than buying a new car. the average used-car loan rate was
the same time, we’ll show you where to There is always the risk that you’ll 9.59 percent. If you have a $25,000
find the info to make a smart decision. buy a lemon. Even a model with a great budget for a car, that means you’ll
reliability history may include a poor spend $2,460 more on interest over
The Used-Car Sweet Spot example, or have been abused, the lifetime of a 60-month loan buying
Two- and 3-year-old used vehicles are neglected, or damaged by its owner. used versus buying new.
often the best values when shopping By using the tips in Chapter 3 and hav- Insurance and taxes. You’ll usually
for a car. Their price is lower than a ing the vehicle thoroughly inspected pay a bit less to insure a used vehicle
comparable new car’s, and continuing by a qualified mechanic, you can pro- than a new version of the same model.
expenses such as collision insurance tect yourself against nasty surprises. The same usually goes for excise or
and taxes are lower. Plus, a 2- or 3-year- Depreciation. Rapid depreciation wheel tax, if applicable.
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD:IMAGE SOURCE /AL AMY STOCK PHOTO. PHOTO, OPPOSITE PAGE: K ATHRYN ALLEN HURNI /GET T Y IMAGES
old vehicle has already taken its biggest is one major disadvantage of buying Safety. When you buy a used car you
depreciation hit, but may still have a new car. Models usually lose about might not get the latest safety features.
warranty coverage left. Buying used is 46 percent of their value during the first Features such as rearview cameras,
also a way to get a nicer, safer car than three years, compared with 24 percent AEB, and BSW may not be available
you’d be able to afford new. over the next three, but this can vary. on older vehicles. But systems such as
But buying a used vehicle means The BMW 328i, for example, holds its antilock brakes, traction control, and
being able to find the right balance value relatively well (about 43 percent electronic stability control are quite
of value and risk. The following section depreciation over the first three years), commonplace. Be sure to check crash
presents some issues to consider. If while the Lincoln MKZ has depreciated test ratings, as newer cars tend to per-
you are still unsure about whether to more rapidly (about 50 percent). form better than older ones.
keep your car or buy a newer one, turn Several factors determine deprecia-
to our decision tree, on page 4. How Much Will It Cost?
Reliability. One thing that has made You may already be dreaming of a
used cars more appealing is their im- model that caught your eye, or of fea-
proved reliability. In an analysis of Con- tures that will make your driving more
WHAT CAN YOU AFFORD?
sumer Reports’ 2018 Auto Reliability pleasurable. But the first step in buy-
%
Survey, members reported about 40% ing a car should be to estimate what
fewer problems with 5-year-old cars price range you can afford. To do this,
than those of the same age in the 2014 you need two pieces of information:
Survey. Rust and exhaust-system prob- Down payment. How much money
lems are no longer common, and can you pay up front in cash, with a
major engine and transmission prob- trade-in, or both?
lems have also decreased, making Monthly payment. If you plan to
late-model used vehicles far less of a borrow money, what is the maximum
risk. When properly maintained, to- monthly payment you can afford?
day’s vehicles should easily surpass It used to be easy to find an auto loan
Your total monthly debt
100,000 miles without major work, payments should never exceed that required a low down payment
and many could reach 200,000 miles. this percentage of your gross or none at all. But those deals are now
Warranties and repairs. Although monthly income. more difficult to find. To minimize your

overall cost for the loan, put down as How much can you afford? To can “afford” are different things.
much as you can afford—preferably at get a ballpark figure for the monthly When you make a realistic assessment
least 20 percent. A higher down pay- payment, a common rule is that your of all your monthly financial obliga-
ment reduces the amount of money total monthly debt payments should tions, and consider that insurance,
you need to borrow, which lowers your be no more than 36 percent of your gasoline, and other running costs must
monthly payments and reduces the monthly gross income. Of course, less be met, you may find you have far less
amount of overall interest you’ll pay. is always better, but by following this available to service a car loan than
A down payment doesn’t have to rule, you can use the following steps you thought.
be all cash. If you already have a car, to determine how much you can By knowing your down payment
any trade-in allowance the dealer afford to spend: and monthly payment, along with
gives you for it can be credited toward Calculate 36 percent of your monthly a typical interest rate and the number
your down payment. For a variety gross income (your income before taxes of years you’re willing to make car pay-
of reasons, a dealer might offer you and other deductions). ments (the term of the loan), you can
very little for your trade-in, and you’d Itemize and total all of your calculate the price of the vehicle that
be better off selling it privately or to monthly payments, including your you can afford and the loan amount for
another dealer. For instance, if your mortgage or rent, credit card bills, and which you’ll need to qualify. Call your
present car is old or in bad shape, or not other installment loans. bank, credit union, or other lending in-
in demand where you live, the dealer Subtract the total of your monthly stitution to determine current rates. You
might plan to sell it on the wholesale payments from the 36 percent figure. can also see prevailing rates in your
market. If that’s the case, then expect For example, if your pretax annual area at bankrate.com. For more informa-
a bottom-dollar offer because the car income is $75,000, total debt payments tion on auto financing, see Chapter 4.
will change hands at least twice before should not exceed $27,000 per year. If In addition, you need to think about
it gets to the next retail owner. Chapter your existing debt payments equal, say, other costs, such as sales tax, registra-
5 (see page 72) tells you how to esti- $20,000 per year, you shouldn’t exceed tion fees, and insurance premiums.
mate the value of your present car and $7,000 annually, or $583 per month, Taxes and registration fees can in-
how to get the best price for it, how- for car payments. crease your out-of-pocket cost by as
ever you choose to sell it. What you may “qualify for” and much as 10 percent or more. Driving
a car that’s worth more than your
current one will cost extra in insur-
ance. Before getting too far into the
buying process, check with your insur-
All Aboard
Bring your family ance agent or get insurance quotes
on the test-drive. online so that you understand what
you’re getting into.
Focus on Your Needs

Begin by asking yourself some
basic questions to find models that
excel in the areas that matter to you.
How many people will you
carry? Most vehicles will accommodate

five people, although the center-rear
PHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO. ILLUSTR ATION : RYAN VULK
position is often cramped. If you need

to carry more people, look for a vehicle
with a third-row seat. This includes all
minivans and a number of SUVs. De-
pending on the design, these vehicles
can carry seven or eight people.
Keep in mind, the third-row seats in
small and midsized SUVs are cramped
and appropriate only for children.
An increasingly rare seating configu-
ration is the three-person front-bench

THE TALL AND SHORT OF IT
Before you buy, make sure your next car fits your size
Most vehicles are supposedly account. To find out which ones all-around visibility. A few cars ST, Nissan Z, Porsche Boxster,
designed for a wide range are better or worse, we took a were rated very highly by both and Toyota FJ Cruiser. In sports
of body types, but many don’t look at the scores of recently tall and short testers. Families cars like the Z and Boxster, tall
accommodate short or tall tested models that are relevant with different-sized drivers might people might hit the roof, and
drivers very well. The shortest to late-model used cars and consider the Honda Odyssey or short people might not be able
tester on our staff is 5 feet 1 inch; equivalent designs. We focused Subaru Forester. Several serve to reach the clutch comfortably
the tallest is 6 feet 2 inches, so on ratings for seat comfort, neither tall nor short drivers without compromising the
we take their experiences into driving position, access, and very well, like the Ford Fiesta driving position.
10 Best Cars 10 Worst Cars 10 Best Cars 10 Worst Cars

FOR SHORT Acura MDX Chevrolet Camaro FOR TALL Audi A8 BMW Z4
DRIVERS BMW 7 Series Ford Fiesta ST DRIVERS Ford Flex Fiat 500 Abarth
Ford Flex Jeep Wrangler Honda Odyssey Ford Fiesta ST
Honda Accord Mazda MX-5 Miata Hyundai Equus Ford Focus ST
Honda Odyssey Mitsubishi Lancer Lexus GS Mitsubishi i-MiEV
Hyundai Equus Evolution
Lexus LS Nissan Z
Nissan Titan
Lexus ES Mercedes-Benz Porsche Boxster
Nissan Z E-Class
Lexus LS Range Rover
Porsche Boxster Subaru Forester Evoque
Lexus RX
Subaru Forester Porsche Panamera Toyota Highlander Toyota FJ Cruiser
Toyota FJ Cruiser Volvo XC70 Toyota Yaris
11
seat. Found in a handful of SUVs, pick- you could find that a minivan, an SUV, cars and many coupes, of course, fit the
ups, and older sedans this is one way or a wagon is better suited to your bill, but some make you sacrifice space
to achieve a six-passenger capacity. But needs. Their sizable cargo areas can be for carrying passengers and cargo.
their center-seat lap belt doesn’t pro- enlarged by folding down or removing Many buyers are torn at this point:
vide adequate protection in a frontal the rear seats. Keep in mind that carry- They want a sporty, fun-to-drive
crash. A vehicle with a third-row seat is ing passengers in a third-row seat sig- car but need the practicality of a sedan
a better choice. nificantly reduces the room for cargo. or wagon. A number of models com-
Many two-door coupes provide seat- A pickup is useful if you often bine fun and practicality, but a common
ing for four people, but the rear seat carry dirty, heavy loads. A crew cab, trade-off for sportier cars is a stiff,
is often very tight and uncomfortable, with two sets of full doors and two reg- sometimes uncomfortable ride.
and folding the front seat forward so ular rows of seats, is a popular choice Maybe you prefer a softer ride, lux-
that you can load groceries or secure because it can seat up to five people. urious seats, plenty of convenience
a child’s safety seat in the back seat If you prefer a smaller car with cargo- features, and isolation from the out-
gets old fast. carrying ability, consider a hatchback. side world. Plenty of luxury vehicles,
How much cargo do you carry? It often has more interior space than from family sedans to SUVs, deliver
Most car trunks accommodate a reason- a car with a trunk, it’s even more ver- that experience.
able amount of luggage, but sometimes satile with the rear seats folded down, Perhaps you need only basic trans-
you’ll want to carry things that won’t fit and the hatch makes it easier to get portation—a comfortable, reliable,
in a trunk. For carrying more cargo or large items in and out. fuel-efficient commuter. Though on
longer items, make sure the car you’re How do you like to drive? paper a number of models fill this need,
considering has rear seatbacks that Quick acceleration, crisp handling, it’s still important to do your research.
fold down, enlarging the trunk area. and responsive steering are important Within a given price range there are
Certain sedans have a front passenger in any vehicle. If you’re an enthusiast big differences in reliability, fuel econ-
seat that can fold flat as well, making who wants to feel the road and be one omy, comfort, and overall value.
it easier to carry extra-long items. with every part of the driving experi- The best way to gauge the driving
If you regularly carry large items, ence, these attributes will probably be experience is to narrow your list
such as camping or sports equipment, high on your priority list. Most sports by reading the reviews in the profiles
stability control. If you can reach and invite young drivers to bring
a little deeper and get a car along passengers, who can be
TOP USED CARS equipped with AEB, so

much the better. The lifesaving
a source of distraction.
Sports cars increase the risk
FOR TEEN DRIVERS assistance those systems can

provide is worth every penny in an
of speeding and have a higher
rate of accidents, and consequent-
emergency situation, and they ly, they carry tuition-sapping
Vehicles that meet our safety, reliability, can be especially beneficial to an insurance premiums.
inexperienced driver. Also, keep in mind that every
and performance criteria. All cars from the 2012 model used car gets treated differently.
year onward are equipped with The older a car gets, the more
electronic stability control (ESC). its care and maintenance
The list here includes models history will affect its overall
that are safe; performed well performance and reliability.
overall in our tests; have proved That’s why it’s important to get
to be reliable, according to our a used car inspected for any
Annual Auto Survey; and have issues before you buy it.
PHOTO: TANA TEEL /STOCKSY
standard ESC. To help you find the best

Buying a car for a new driver newest, most reliable model with As far as what type of vehicle vehicle for a teen driver, we’ve
can be a balancing act between the most safety equipment you is best, large pickups and curated this list of cars that
getting a model you can can afford. Do not even consider SUVs are not recommended for are particularly suitable to
afford and finding one that’s a car without antilock brakes young, inexperienced drivers teen drivers. For even more
safe and reliable. (ABS), side and head-protection because they don’t handle or information on teen car safety,
The best bet is to buy the curtain airbags, and electronic brake as well as smaller vehicles visit CR.org/teens.

that begin on page 96, then do a thor-
ough test-drive. Safe and Sound
Fuel economy vs. performance.
A reliable car with
the newest safety
Many automakers offer several gear is best for a
powertrain choices for each model, teen driver.
but which is best for you depends
on your priorities. Do you want a
higher-performance vehicle, or some-
thing more economical?
Smaller vehicles and many midsized
models offer four-cylinder engines,
which usually provide the best fuel
economy but might lack the power
or smoothness of a six-cylinder. Some
automakers are getting better at
squeezing more power out of smaller
engines. Many family sedans, such as
the Ford Fusion, Honda Accord, Nissan
Altima, and Hyundai Sonata, have
four-cylinders that are more than
adequate. Turbocharged four-cylinders
deliver more power than you might
think, often with a modest drop in
fuel economy.
Six-cylinder engines, available
in midsized and larger models, usu-
ally provide the best balance of
RECOMMENDED Hyundai Santa Fe Mazda CX-5 Subaru Impreza Toyota RAV4

VEHICLES Sport (2015 or later) (nonturbo, 2015-2016, (4-cyl., no third row,
Mazda3 (2011 or later)
2018) 2009 or later)
Chevrolet Equinox Hyundai Sonata Mazda6 (4-cyl., 2009-
(4-cyl., 2015-2017) (4-cyl., nonturbo, Subaru Legacy Toyota Yaris iA
2012, 2014, or later)
2015-2016, 2018) (4-cyl., 2010-2012, 2014, Volkswagen Jetta
Ford Focus sedan Nissan Altima 2016, or later)
(2009-2011) Hyundai Tucson (4-cyl., 2016-2018) (2016-2017)
(2011-2014) Subaru Outback
Honda Accord (4-cyl., Volkswagen Passat
Nissan Rogue (4-cyl., 2011-2012, 2014,
2009 or later) Kia Forte (2013, 2017) (4-cyl., 2016-2017)
2016-2017)
Honda Civic (nonturbo, (2014-2016, 2018) Volkswagen Tiguan
Nissan Sentra Toyota Camry (4-cyl.,
non-SI, 2012-2015, 2018) Kia Optima (nonturbo, (2014-2015, 2017)
(2012, 2014, 2017) 2010 or later)
Honda CR-V 2014-2015, 2018) Volvo S60
Scion xB Toyota Corolla (2010 or
(2015 or later) Kia Soul (2013, 2016-2017)
(2009 or later) later)
Honda Fit (2011-2013, (2010-2013, 2016, 2018)
Subaru Crosstrek (2015 Toyota Corolla iM
2016 and later) Kia Sportage or later)
(4-cyl., nonturbo, Toyota Prius
Honda HR-V (2016- Subaru Forester
2009, 2015-2016, 2018) (2010 or later)
2017) (nonturbo, 2015
or later) Toyota Prius Prime
Hyundai Elantra
(2014 or later) Toyota Prius V

performance and fuel economy. They provide better fuel economy than a But diesel fuel is less widely available
are quieter and smoother than four- similar-sized conventional vehicle. Older than gasoline and in most places costs
cylinder engines. hybrid models that have achieved the more per gallon than premium gas.
Eight-cylinder engines usually deliver best overall mileage in our tests include Finally, electric cars are starting to
lots of power but, as you might expect, the 2013 Toyota Avalon and Lexus ES hy- hit the used car market. If they meet
also return the lowest gas mileage. They brids (36 mpg), 2010 Honda Insight and your needs, they can be great values.
are available in certain midsized vehi- 2012 Toyota Camry Hybrid (38 mpg), For more information, see Chapter 2,
cles and sporty cars, and in most luxury 2013 Ford Fusion Hybrid (39 mpg), 2012 “Stretch Your Fuel Economy,” begin-
and larger cars, SUVs, and pickups. A V8 Honda Civic Hybrid and 2014 Honda Ac- ning on page 32.
is a good choice if you tow heavier loads. cord Hybrid (40 mpg), and 2016 Toyota Manual or automatic: Which trans-
If fuel economy is a high priority, Prius (52 mpg). The 2010 Lexus RX mission do you want? Automatic
starting on page 39 you can compare 450h Hybrid (26 mpg) and 2011 Toyota transmissions are the overwhelming
the overall gas mileage of more Highlander Hybrid (27 mpg) have the choice of American car buyers. Auto-
than 800 vehicles Consumer Reports best fuel economy of any older SUV we matics with six or more gears are
has tested over the past 10 years. We have tested. But used hybrids might commonplace because they can wring
recommend that you first find a reliable cost more to buy than similar conven- out more miles per gallon as well as
and safe vehicle, then look for one that tional vehicles, so it could take years to make for smoother, quieter power
gets good fuel economy. recoup the investment. delivery. Many automatics feature a
Some of the best fuel-economy Diesel cars usually get more than manual-shift mode. This feature is
figures we’ve attained have been with 30 percent better fuel economy than marketed as a way of adding some fun
hybrids and diesels. They tend to similar gasoline-powered vehicles. to driving a car with an automatic. It
can be handy when driving in hilly or
mountainous areas because it provides
more control when shifting down on
long descents, and it also allows drivers
to select a lower gear in winter condi-
tions. A few automatics have a winter
mode, where the transmission starts in
second gear to lower engine speed and
improve traction on slippery surfaces.
Another type of automatic is a con-
tinuously variable transmission. A CVT
does not have a set number of gears,
but it can constantly vary between the
highest and lowest speeds for optimal
fuel economy and performance.
Manual transmissions, only available
in inexpensive or sporty models, can
be more engaging for drivers. But they
no longer offer a big fuel economy ad-
vantage over the newest automatics.
A sequential-shift transmission is
a computer-shifted manual transmis-
sion that works like an automatic,
PHOTO: WHITNE Y TRESSEL /GALLERY STOCK
but it shifts faster and provides the

sporty shift feel of a manual.
2WD, AWD, or 4WD: How much
Braking Buddy traction do you need? Most vehicles

Automatic use two-wheel drive, where power is
gearboxes with a sent to the front or rear wheels. Front-
manual-shift mode
can slow a vehicle wheel drive is used in most cars, wag-
on steep descents. ons, minivans, and 2WD versions of
car-based SUVs, and leaves more room

inside for passengers and cargo. It’s
better than rear-wheel drive in slippery
conditions because more weight is on THE MOST IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION
the drive wheels.

Rear-wheel drive places less demand
The more reliable a car is, the more you’re
on the front wheels, allowing them likely to be satisfied with it over the years,
to be used primarily for steering. and it can significantly influence resale value
This configuration is commonly used
on pickups and truck-based SUVs made when you’re ready to replace it.
to handle heavy-duty chores such as
towing. But it is also popular on sports
cars and high-performance sedans be- lever, limiting the vehicle’s ability to organizations purchase their vehicles
cause it helps improve handling. provide optimum traction when condi- and conduct their own instrumented
Traction control, a common standard tions suddenly change. In addition, testing, which allows more accurate
feature, helps maximize traction at the they can’t be driven on dry pavement comparisons between and among dif-
drive wheels by preventing wheel spin. in 4WD mode without running the risk ferent vehicles.
It’s particularly useful when accelerat- of severe drivetrain damage. Keep in The key is to find reviews that are
ing on a wet, snowy, or icy surface. But mind that AWD and 4WD systems add in-depth enough to give you a good,
if no drive wheel has grip, traction con- considerable weight to a vehicle, com- solid overview of the car and cover the
trol won’t help. In wintry conditions, promising fuel economy. aspects that are most important to you.
a 2WD vehicle with traction control CR road-test reports. Consumer
will have more difficulty getting up a Making the Final Cut Reports maintains road-test ratings
slippery slope than one with all-wheel When you know your price range and on groups of competing vehicles in
drive or four-wheel drive. the type of vehicle that interests you, a similar price range and category (such
AWD feeds power to all four wheels. and you’ve used our tools and compari- as family sedans, small SUVs, mini-
It provides maximum forward traction son charts to find the models that meet vans, etc.). This way, once you have
and is especially helpful in slippery your requirements, it’s time to narrow decided on the type of vehicle you
conditions and when driving over mod- the candidates to a few promising mod- want, you can easily compare models
erate off-road terrain. AWD is also help- els that are worth spending the time to within a particular class.
ful in rapidly changing conditions or test-drive. You can compare vehicles by arrang-
when driving on a road with intermit- To do this, gather as much informa- ing test-drives of the same class of ve-
tent snow and ice. Its relatively light, tion as you can to compare each vehicle hicle one after the other. Take notes on
compact design makes it the system of in important areas such as driving areas of special interest to you, such as
choice for many vehicles. experience, reliability, fuel economy, seat comfort and driving position, and
Although 4WD and AWD are often safety, and features. the presence or absence of features you
used interchangeably in advertising A key to quick and efficient auto re- like such as heated seats, leather trim,
and brochures, the major difference is search is knowing where to go and how and lots of cargo space.
that 4WD incorporates low-range gear- to evaluate the information you get. CR owner-satisfaction data. Though
ing. That helps in more challenging On the internet you can quickly gather user reviews provide some helpful
off-road conditions such as traversing data and info. But just as cars can vary information, each year our members
rocks or deep water, or tackling steep greatly in quality, so can sources give us detailed feedback on their satis-
off-pavement hills. But the majority of of information. The following pages faction with the vehicles they own.
4WD-vehicle owners never come close help you assess what’s available. Our owner-satisfaction ratings are
to needing this capability. CR’s reviews. You can get started by unbiased and are based on hundreds
Modern 4WD systems are either reading the summary reviews in the ve- of thousands of subscriber reports,
full-time—engaged all the time—or hicle profiles that begin on page 96. CR as part of our Annual Auto Survey. For
automatic, where the vehicle switches All-Access or Digital members can also more information, see page 20.
between two- and four-wheel drive de- access our full road-test reports and gen- Other sources of reviews. To get
pending on the conditions. eration summaries. You can see when an in-depth perspective on a model,
Some pickups and truck-based SUVs a model has had a major redesign by it’s important to read reviews from
use part-time 4WD systems. This checking its profile in this publication. sources you trust. Good ones can tell
requires the driver to select the drive Look to our profiles for notes on you how a vehicle handles, accelerates,
mode with a switch, knob, or gear safety and recalls. Moreover, only a few and brakes, and how comfortable and

user-friendly the interior is. They also the information can be questionable. For Reliability History charts, which are
highlight shortcomings and deficiencies example, you have no way of determin- part of our vehicle profiles. Starting
you might overlook. Because different ing the source of an entry—it could be on page 26, you’ll also find a list of the
sources have varying points of view, we from a disgruntled automaker employee, Best & Worst Used Cars, in terms of
recommend reading several of them. a dealer, or a dealer’s competitor. reliability. It includes all models,
There’s no shortage of reviews of Avoid reviews that only talk about by model year, that have had above-
older vehicles that were written when specifications or performance prom- or below-average reliability, so you can
the cars were new. Plus, the review for ises. These just recycle what they pick quickly see which models to look for
a new model will often be applicable to up from automakers’ press kits. They and which to avoid.
a late-model used version. don’t review, judge, or test products Other reliability sources. Although
Whether they’re hosted on YouTube and services themselves. they lack the reach of CR’s data,
or printed in a newspaper, keep in there are other services that provide
mind that most car reviews are support- Reliability Ratings supplemental sources of information.
ed by advertising and based on bor- Reliability is perhaps the single most The most widely known of these
rowed cars. Those reviewers may not important consideration for a buyer services is J.D. Power (jdpower.com).
want to offend the companies that when choosing a used car. A vehicle’s The Power survey of most interest
advertise with them or loan them reliability can seriously affect how satis- to new-car shoppers is the Initial
vehicles. Plus, vehicle problems are fied you’ll be with a car over the years, Quality Study. Designed to help auto-
fixed before the cars are delivered to and it can significantly influence resale makers gauge the initial quality
re-viewers, or they’re taken out of value when you’re ready to replace it. of the vehicles they’re producing,
the press fleet. So although you can get Reliability is also the most difficult qual- it is based on about 76,000 responses
insight into a vehicle’s performance ity to evaluate on a vehicle because the for 2018.
and driving character from those re- information has to come from vehicle But IQS covers only the first three
views, you will seldom find very much owners’ direct experience overtime. months of ownership, a period when
hard-hitting criticism or an in-depth Consumer Reports provides the relatively little goes wrong. It also
exploration of safety or reliability con- most comprehensive reliability informa- asks owners about many subjective
cerns, and their commentary may be tion available to consumers. It’s based impressions of their vehicles, not
based on a higher trim level than most on CR’s annual surveys of our approxi- just serious problems they’ve had.
people buy. mately 7 million magazine and online For used cars, J.D. Power has a vehicle
Auto-enthusiast publications tend members, who are asked about any dependability study, which measures
to focus on a vehicle’s performance at- serious problems they had with their own problems experienced by original
tributes, often at the expense of more vehicles in the preceding 12 months. owners on 3-year-old vehicles. The
everyday concerns such as safety, reli- These surveys generate hundreds of 2018 VDS is based on more than
ability, and fuel economy. thousands of responses—the 2018 sur- 36,000 vehicles.
YouTube and other video reviews vey, for example, provided information You can also post and read mess-
can give an in-depth look at the ins and on about half-a-million vehicles—which ages in online forums for owners.
outs of a new car, but remember that give us a solid foundation for both our Remember that gathering anecdotes
some are created by reviewers with new- and used-car reliability ratings. about particular vehicles is not the
limited automotive experience. Some We provide reliability informa- same as consulting a scientifically
of these “reviewers” may actually work tion in several forms. For used-car designed survey, but it can help you
for a dealer or be paid directly by car buyers, we give ratings for 17 trouble determine how much common issues
companies. areas over 10 model years, so you can cost to fix.
User-review sites are different in that see a model’s individual strengths
their reviews have been submitted by and weaknesses. We also provide a Compare Fuel Economy
owners. You can find a range of top- Used-Car Verdict for each model year The fuel-economy figures printed on
ics, from car-buying experiences and that sums up the vehicle’s overall re- a vehicle’s window sticker are estimates
discussions of recurring problems to liability. The reliability verdicts are based on a test created by the Environ-
service frustrations. weighted to emphasize major problems mental Protection Agency. For detailed
All that can give you valuable insight, in areas such as engine, transmission, information on fuel economy, including
but keep in mind that the owners usu- cooling, and drive systems, all of the real-world test results for more than
ally don’t have experience with a wide which can be serious and more ex- 800 models that CR has tested in the
range of vehicles with which to compare pensive to repair. past 10 years, see the fuel-economy and
theirs. And sometimes the reliability of These ratings are included in our test data charts beginning on page 39.

3 Points You Must Consider Before Buying
1. SAFETY 2. MONEY ownership, often more vehicle depreciation based
rapidly than your monthly on the average new-car
EVERY CAR HOW MUCH VALUE THAT NEW
payments are paying down price for a 2018 model. The
SHOULD HAVE CAR WILL LOSE
the loan—putting you average new car loses
ABS (antilock brakes) Cars depreciate significantly “upside down” financially. about half of its value in
ESC (electronic stability over the first few years of The chart here shows typical just three years.
control)
Curtain airbags
Consider these the safety
basics. Don’t have them now?
Buy a new or recent car that Vehicle Price
has all three. $35,577
2018 Average
G ET TH E S E TO B E
E V E N SA F E R
Forward-collision warning
(FCW) with automatic
emergency braking (AEB) $35k
Blind-spot warning (BSW)
Rear cross-traffic warning $31,425
(RCTW) 25k $28,424
Lane-departure warning
(LDW) $22,455
Rearview camera 15k
$17,964
A “Good” score $14,730
in IIHS crash tests $12,373
5k
Decision point You need to
shop wisely to find a good 6 Months 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
late-model car with most
or all of these features at
a reasonable price. Keep
in mind that only the latest
designs do well in the difficult
IIHS small-overlap crash test. 3. CONNECTED FEATURES SPECIALT Y ITEMS functions; good systems can
BASICS IN MOST Voice commands for selecting reduce distraction. Built-in
Why they’re worth it navigation gives you larger
Many of today’s cars work LATE-MODEL CARS audio, or Siri or Google Voice
compatibility screens than on your phone or a
to avoid crashes altogether. USB port for plugging in portable navigation device, plus
Advanced systems can auto- Built-in or smartphone-based
a phone it will automatically adjust stereo
matically slow or completely navigation
Bluetooth phone connectivity volume for instructions. Android
stop a car. Visibility aids, such Ability to use integrated
apps such as Android Auto, Apple Auto and CarPlay will put car-
as rear cameras and BSW, Decision point Almost every specific versions of certain apps
show what’s around you, help- CarPlay, Pandora, or Spotify
recent car has these as stan- on your dashboard, like Google
ing situational awareness. dard. You can install an Maps or Waze for navigation
All things being equal, buy Decision point Getting these
after-market Bluetooth kit in or Audible for entertainment.
the safest car you can afford. features usually requires an
your current car, and various They’ll replace a car’s own voice
aftermarket addition or buying
audio-system upgrades can recognition with Google Voice or
a 2- or 3-year-old car. Voice
add modern features to some Siri, too.
commands simplify complicated
older factory systems or
replace them entirely.

are available at safercar.gov.

Roof strength. The IIHS also tests
for roof strength. During a rollover,

stronger roofs crush less, reducing the
risk that people will be injured by
contact with the roof itself.
Rear-impact protection. Although
rear-end accidents have a low fatality

rate, they have a high injury rate,
especially for whiplash neck injuries.
The design of a car’s head restraints
and seats are critical factors in the
severity of a whiplash injury.
Consumer Reports evaluates head
restraints. Front head restraints usually
meet or exceed evaluation requirements,
but rear head restraints differ greatly.
Solid Structure
Both the IIHS and Another good source for informa-
NHTSA conduct tion on rear-impact protection is
crash tests. the IIHS website (iihs.org). The institute
conducts evaluations of head restraints
and performs dynamic rear-impact
tests that measure how well the seat/
head-restraint combinations in different
Safety Ratings impact. For every crash, there are models protect against whiplash.
Several elements affect a vehicle’s over- numerous near misses that statistics Rear blind zones. Every year chil-
all safety capability. don’t reflect. Several factors contribute dren are injured or killed because
Crash tests. Frontal- and side-impact to a vehicle’s crash-avoidance capa- drivers don’t see them while they are
crash tests are conducted by the Insur- bility, with the two most important being backing up their vehicle. A contributing
ance Institute for Highway Safety (iihs braking and emergency handling. Using factor is that larger vehicles, such as
.org) and the National Highway Traffic our test data, our new-car publications SUVs and pickups, have very large blind
Safety Administration (safercar.gov). provide a crash-avoidance rating for zones. The blind zone is the area be-
Starting with the 2011 model year, all tested vehicles. hind a vehicle that the driver can’t see
NHTSA made its crash tests more strin- Rollover resistance. Rollover when looking in the rearview mirror.
gent. As a result, the 2011 and newer accidents are of particular concern To check a vehicle’s blind spot,
model results are not comparable with with SUVs and pickups. To help con- sit in the driver’s seat of the parked
older years. sumers compare vehicles, NHTSA vehicle while someone stands in back
In 2012, the IIHS added the small- provides a rating system called the and holds out a hand at about waist
overlap front test, which replicates the Rollover Resistance Rating. The RRR is level. Have the person walk back slowly
driver side of a car hitting a tree or pole based on two factors: a vehicle’s Static until you can see the hand through the
straight on. The IIHS retroactively ap- Stability Factor and a dynamic rollover rear window. This will give you an idea
plied the results of cars crashed in 2012 test. The SSF, determined from at-rest of how big that vehicle’s blind spot is.
and later to earlier versions of the same or “static” measurements of the vehi-
model. IIHS also added small-overlap cle, essentially indicates how top-heavy Recommended Safety
front test to the front-passenger side in it is. The dynamic rollover test simu- Features
2018. The results are applied to earlier lates a driver having to make severe Buyers often overlook the availability
model years of the same generation. steering maneuvers, as can happen in of many important safety features
The vehicle profiles starting on page 96 an emergency. because they aren’t aware of them or
include major crash-test results for the Vehicles that tip up fail the test, but don’t understand their benefit. We rec-
past 10 years. this failure downgrades the overall ommend that even when you are buying
Crash avoidance. A vehicle’s ability star rating only slightly. We will not a used car, you look for the following
to help you avoid a crash is just as im- recommend a vehicle that tips up safety gear. To see which models were
portant as its ability to protect you in an in this type of situation. The ratings available with particular safety features

when new, see the vehicle profiles or cameras to scan the areas beside
(starting on page 97. and behind you, looking for vehicles
Antilock brake system. This system ADVANCED entering or lurking in your blind zones.
prevents the wheels from locking DRIVER When such a vehicle is detected, an il-
up under hard braking, particularly luminated icon appears in or near the
on slippery surfaces. Without it, the
ASSISTANCE appropriate side-view mirror.
vehicle tends to keep plowing ahead SYSTEMS If you signal a turn while a car is in
in whatever direction it was going. As more cars come your blind zone, certain systems send
You can’t steer, and locked wheels can equipped with these a stronger alert, such as a blinking
cause a vehicle to slide sideways or features, more used cars light or louder chirps. More advanced
even spin. will get them, too. systems help keep you in your own
Electronic stability control. lane by applying the brakes on one
ESC helps keep the vehicle on its inside of the vehicle.
tended path during a turn to avoid Rear cross-traffic warning. Often
sliding or skidding out of control. It’s part of a package that includes blind-
especially helpful in slippery conditions spot warning, this system warns
and accident-avoidance situations, of traffic approaching from the sides
such as when trying to steer around as you reverse. The warning usually
a person or car that has pulled out in consists of an audible chirp and a visual
front of you. cue in either the outside mirror or
It can also help keep a top-heavy ve- Forward-Collision Warning the rear camera’s dash display. The
hicle, such as an SUV or a pickup, from and Automatic Emergency more advanced systems can also pick
getting into a rollover. Note that starting Braking FCW warns you out bicycles and pedestrians, or even
of an impending collision
in 2012, all cars and light-duty trucks brake to prevent a crash.
with a car in front. AEB can
have standard ESC, which means they Lane-departure warning (LDW)
stop the car if the driver
also have ABS. doesn’t react in time. and lane-keeping assist (LKA).
Head-protecting side airbags. You Lane- departure warning systems use
should look for a car with dedicated visual, audible, or haptic (often a buzz-
head-protection airbags that deploy ing in the steering wheel or seat ) warn-
from above the windows. Curtain air- ing to alert the driver if he or she is
bags cover the side windows in both crossing lane markings and wandering
front and rear, preventing occupants out of the lane.
from hitting their heads, while also help- Lane-keeping assist will automati-
ing to keep a person from being ejected cally correct the steering input, or even
in a side impact or rollover. brake the car, if it attempts to cross
Forward- collision warning (FCW) the markings, in an effort to bring the
and automatic emergency braking Blind-Spot Warning vehicle back into the proper lane.
(AEB). These stand-alone or combined Scans for cars not in view. Rearview cameras. Also known
radar-, laser-, and/or camera-based as backup cameras, these became

systems warn drivers of an impending mandatory starting with the 2018 model
collision by using visual, auditory, or year. They can help prevent a back-over
physical cues. Certain vehicle systems accident, such as hitting a child who
also precharge the brakes to help the wanders behind your car when you
driver apply enough braking force to are reversing.
avoid a collision, in addition to steps to Adaptive cruise control. Using
prepare for impact. lasers, radar, cameras, or a combina-

If the driver ignores the warnings, tion, these systems automatically
systems with automatic emergency maintain a safe following distance
braking will apply partial or full brak- Rear Cross-Traffic Warning between you and the car ahead. Some
ing force. They can be active at any- Alerts of an approaching only work at highway speeds, but oth-
vehicle when backing up.
where from walking to highway speeds. ers offer “stop and go” assist, automati-
Blind-spot warning (BSW). A cally braking and accelerating even in
blind-spot warning system uses radar heavy traffic.

‘I Loved My Car!’
Would Owners Buy
Their Car Again?
20
MOST PEOPLE LOVE their cars at first,
but what about after that new-car smell
wears off ? Once you’ve lived with a car Owner Satisfaction Champs
for three years—let alone five or 10—the
features and qualities that gave you
goose bumps in the showroom often
turn into cold chills down the road.
This is what we found out when
we asked our members whether they
would get the same car all over again,
and how satisfied they were with the
vehicle’s driving experience, comfort,
value, and styling.
Consistent Performers 2014 Chevrolet Corvette 2016 Tesla Model S

We found that no matter their age, the
vehicles inspiring the strongest loyalty
are reliable, performed well in our
tests, are fun to drive, deliver great fuel
economy or can be driven solely on
electricity, or dress you in a high-tech,
luxurious driving environment. Those
that performed poorly in some—or all—
of these areas sit at the bottom.
Vehicles that performed well in CR
tests are often ones that also give own- 2016 Dodge Charger 2014 Toyota FJ Cruiser
ers higher satisfaction.
The Tesla Model S all-electric luxury
sports sedan, which provides all of
those attributes in one car, is among
the most satisfying cars in the survey, CR tests, dominate: Owners responded could be the purchase price. Owners
with a score of 92 out of a 100 for the overwhelmingly that they would buy of 3-year-old models likely bought or
3-year-old model. Even at 5 years old these vans again. Their competitors leased them as new cars, paying a new-
the Model S satisfies, scoring a 90. struggle to crack the 60 percent satis- car price. Nissan sold many off-lease
Another strong performer is the faction line. models at a significant discount, so
Chevrolet Corvette. The 10-year-old There are models that defy this over- owners of 5-year-old models may feel
Corvette is the most satisfying vehicle all trend, but they tend to be outliers. better with the Leaf because they paid
in the survey, with 93 percent of own- The Dodge Challenger, Jeep Wrangler, far less for theirs.
ers saying they would definitely buy and the Toyota FJ Cruiser and 4Runner Our annual owner-satisfaction
it again. It’s the top 3-year-old sports didn’t fare well in our tests, but their survey, conducted by the Consumer
car, and in the top five among 5-year- owners love these specialty vehicles. Reports National Research Center, asks
old ones. Fuel-efficient models dominate many our magazine and web members: “Con-
Among midsized SUVs the Toyota of the categories, but the green promise sidering all factors (price, performance,
Highlander and 4Runner satisfy their isn’t satisfying on its own. The 3- and reliability, comfort, enjoyment, etc.),
owners no matter the SUV’s age. At the 5-year-old versions of the BMW i3 would you get this car if you had it to
PHOTO, LEF T: MASKOT/PL AINPICTURE
same time, a number of models were and Lexus CT 200h lie at the bottom do all over again?”
consistently near or at the bottom of the Hybrid/Electric Car category, A model’s score is based on the per-
of the rankings, including the Chevrolet despite their impressive fuel economy. centage of respondents who answered
Equinox, Dodge Journey, GMC Terrain, But both were mediocre performers “definitely yes.”
and Nissan Pathfinder. in CR’s road tests. Interestingly, owners In our most recent survey we re-
Minivans present a particularly stark of the 3-year-old Nissan Leaf weren’t as ceived responses on more than half a
example. The Honda Odyssey and enamored with their cars as were own- million vehicles, spanning the 2000
Toyota Sienna, two highly rated vans in ers of 5-year-old versions. One reason through 2018 model years.

Most & Least Satisfying Vehicles

On these pages are our owner- would you get this car if you had For example, the Infiniti QX60 our tests while the TSX was en-
satisfaction survey results for it to do all over again?” Respon- had unimpressive performance joyable to drive. Owners agreed
3-, 5-, and 10-year-old vehicles dents have four choices, from in our tests. Owners responded with us: while only 41 percent
by vehicle category. “definitely yes” to “definitely no.” in kind, ranking it at the bottom of owners of the 5-year-old ILX
Each year Consumer Reports In the majority of cases there of the Luxury Midsized SUV cat- would buy it again, 72 percent
asks the following question on is a link between how a vehicle egory. It’s a similar story for the of the TSX owners would buy
our Annual Auto Survey: “Con- performs in Consumer Reports Acura TSX and its replacement, another one. The results were
sidering all factors (price, perfor- testing and how it performs in the ILX. Both were sold in 2014, worse for the 2016 ILX—only 29
mance, reliability, comfort, etc.), our owner-satisfaction survey. but the ILX missed the mark in percent would buy it again.
Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction

3-year old 5-year old 10-year old
% Would Buy % Would Buy % Would Buy
Make & Model (2016) Make & Model (2014) Make & Model (2009)
Again Again Again
SUBCOMPACT CARS SUBCOMPACT CARS SUBCOMPACT CARS

Chevrolet Spark 68 Chevrolet Spark 58 Honda Fit 69
Ford Fiesta 67 Hyundai Accent 51 Smart ForTwo 63
Chevrolet Sonic 66 Chevrolet Sonic 45 Toyota Yaris 53
Honda Fit 63 Nissan Versa Note 32 Hyundai Accent 41
Hyundai Accent 49 Fiat 500 32 Nissan Versa Hatchback 34
Nissan Versa Note 46 Ford Fiesta 27
COMPACT CARS
Fiat 500 44
COMPACT CARS
Pontiac Vibe 67
COMPACT CARS
Scion xB 73 Scion xB 66
Volkswagen Golf 71 Kia Soul 70 Volkswagen Rabbit 62
Scion iM 69 Mazda 3 69 Toyota Corolla 61
Toyota Corolla 67 Toyota Corolla 67 Honda Civic 61
Mazda 3 65 Honda Civic 63 Mazda 3 61
Subaru Impreza 63 Kia Forte 60 Nissan Cube 56
Kia Soul 61 Volkswagen Beetle 60 Hyundai Elantra 52
Honda Civic 59 Hyundai Elantra 60 Volkswagen Jetta 51
Mini Cooper Clubman 57 Subaru Impreza 56 Subaru Impreza 47
Ford Focus 56 Chevrolet Cruze 49 Toyota Matrix 47
Volkswagen Jetta 55 Volkswagen Jetta 48 Ford Focus 47
Volkswagen Beetle 54 Dodge Dart 44 Chevrolet HHR 46
Chevrolet Cruze 49 Fiat 500L 33 Mini Cooper Clubman 45
Hyundai Elantra 47 Nissan Sentra 31 Chevrolet Cobalt 37
Chevrolet Cruze Ltd. 45 Ford Focus 30
HYBRIDS/ELECTRIC CARS
Kia Forte 41
HYBRIDS/ELECTRIC CARS
Nissan Sentra 28 Toyota Prius 78
Nissan Leaf 77
HYBRIDS/ELECTRIC CARS MIDSIZED CARS
Toyota Prius 77
Toyota Prius 83 Chevrolet Volt 76 Mazda 6 74
Chevrolet Volt 77 Toyota Prius V 71 Toyota Camry 71
Ford C-MAX 71 Toyota Prius C 67 Honda Accord 64
Toyota Prius V 70 Ford C-MAX 66 Ford Fusion 62
Toyota Prius C 70 BMW i3 65 Mercury Milan 62
Nissan Leaf 62 Lexus CT 200h 49 Hyundai Sonata 60
Lexus CT 200h 53 Subaru Legacy 57
MIDSIZED CARS
BMW i3 50 Kia Optima 56
Toyota Camry 73 Saturn Aura 48
MIDSIZED CARS
Honda Accord 70 Pontiac G6 46
Subaru Legacy 73 Subaru Legacy 69 Chevrolet Malibu 45
Hyundai Sonata Hybrid 72 Chevrolet Malibu 65 Nissan Altima 43
Toyota Camry 72 Mazda 6 60 Volkswagen Passat 41
Kia Optima 68 Kia Optima 59
Honda Accord 67 Volkswagen Passat 56
Chevrolet Malibu Ltd. 66 Ford Fusion 55
Mazda 6 65 Hyundai Sonata 52
Ford Fusion Hybrid 65 Nissan Altima 43
Chrysler 200 62
Chevrolet Malibu 60
Ford Fusion 59
Hyundai Sonata 59
Volkswagen Passat 57
Nissan Altima 56

Again Again Again
LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS

Dodge Charger 81 Dodge Charger 77 Pontiac G8 81
Toyota Avalon 74 Hyundai Equus 73 Toyota Avalon 78
Chrysler 300 73 Chevrolet Impala 73 Ford Taurus 63
Chevrolet Impala 71 Toyota Avalon 73 Nissan Maxima 59
Kia Cadenza 66 Hyundai Azera 71 Hyundai Azera 58
Hyundai Azera 62 Kia Cadenza 70 Buick Lucerne 51
Ford Taurus 61 Chrysler 300 70 Chevrolet Impala 49
Nissan Maxima 60 Ford Taurus 66
LUXURY COMPACT CARS
Nissan Maxima 60
LUXURY COMPACT CARS
Lexus IS 70
LUXURY COMPACT CARS
Audi A4 69 Infiniti G 69
BMW 3 Series 64 Acura TSX 72 Saab 9-3 67
Buick Regal 63 Audi A4 66 Acura TSX 59
Audi A3 60 Buick Regal 65 Audi A4 55
Mercedes-Benz C-Class 57 Buick Verano 63 BMW 3 Series 53
Volvo S60 56 BMW 3 Series 60 Mercedes-Benz C-Class 43
Acura TLX 53 Lexus IS 59
LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE CARS
Buick Verano 51 Mercedes-Benz C-Class 58
Infiniti Q50 50 Cadillac ATS 56 Lexus LS 84
Cadillac ATS 47 Mercedes-Benz CLA 54 Lexus ES 81
Lexus IS 37 Volvo S60 53 Acura TL 74
Acura ILX 29 Infiniti Q50 49 Hyundai Genesis 71
Acura ILX 41 Mercedes-Benz E-Class 66
Lincoln MKS 62
Tesla Model S 92 Lincoln MKZ 60
Lexus LS 82 Tesla Model S 90 Infiniti M 58
Mercedes-Benz S-Class 80 Porsche Panamera 83 Buick LaCrosse 57
Audi A7 77 Audi A8 82 Cadillac DTS 57
Hyundai Genesis 76 Audi A7 81 Cadillac CTS 54
Lexus GS 76 Lexus LS 78 BMW 5 Series 43
Audi A8 74 Mercedes-Benz S-Class 78
SPORTY CARS & CONVERTIBLES
Cadillac XTS 73 Lexus ES 77
Audi A6 72 Lexus GS 75 Chevrolet Corvette 93
Infiniti Q70 72 Audi A6 73 Mazda MX-5 Miata 85
Lexus ES 71 Hyundai Genesis 71 Ford Mustang 82
BMW 5 Series 70 BMW 5 Series 70 Porsche 911 79
Lincoln MKZ 67 Lincoln MKS 70 BMW 1 Series 63
Mercedes-Benz E-Class 67 Mercedes-Benz E-Class 66 Volkswagen Eos 58
Cadillac CT6 66 Buick LaCrosse 64 Mini Cooper 47
Buick LaCrosse 65 Cadillac CTS 64
Jaguar XF 64 Lincoln MKZ 63
BMW 7 Series 64 Acura TL 57
Cadillac CTS 62 Acura RLX 54
Cadillac XTS 49
Chevrolet Corvette 91
Porsche 911 88 Porsche Cayman 91
Dodge Challenger 87 Dodge Challenger 90
Mazda MX-5 Miata 86 Porsche Boxster 89
Porsche Cayman 86 Porsche 911 89
Chevrolet Camaro 78 Chevrolet Corvette 88
Volkswagen GTI 76 Mazda MX-5 Miata 80
Scion FR-S 73 Audi A5 79
Subaru BRZ 73 Scion FR-S 79
Ford Mustang 73 Subaru BRZ 79
Audi A5 70 BMW 2 Series 76
Subaru WRX/STi 69 Ford Mustang 74
BMW 2 Series 67 Chevrolet Camaro 73
BMW 4 Series 64 BMW 4 Series 70
BMW 6 Series 64 Mercedes-Benz SL 70
Mini Cooper 63 Mercedes-Benz SLK 68
Buick Cascada 62 Infiniti Q60 67
Lexus RC 60 BMW 6 Series 65
Hyundai Veloster 45 Subaru Impreza WRX/STi 63
Mini Cooper 59


Again Again Again
WAGONS WAGONS WAGONS

Volvo XC70 76 Volvo XC70 79 Volvo XC70 71
Subaru Outback 76 Honda Crosstour 71 Toyota Venza 70
Volkswagen Golf SportWagen 65 Subaru Outback 70 Subaru Outback 63
Volvo V60 63 Toyota Venza 68 Kia Rondo 52
MINIVANS Volkswagen Jetta SportWagen 67
MINIVANS
Honda Odyssey 69 MINIVANS
Toyota Sienna 79
Toyota Sienna 67 Honda Odyssey 69 Honda Odyssey 70
Chrysler Town & Country 63
Mazda 5 68 Mazda 5 61
Kia Sedona 61
Toyota Sienna 66 Chrysler Town & Country 51
Dodge Grand Caravan 52
Chrysler Town & Country 66 Dodge Grand Caravan 49
Ford Transit Connect 50
Dodge Grand Caravan 49
COMPACT SUVs
SUBCOMPACT SUVs Ford Transit Connect 49
Honda Element 84
Subaru Crosstrek 69 SUBCOMPACT SUVs
Honda HR-V 55 Toyota RAV4 67
Jeep Renegade 47 Subaru XV Crosstrek 56 Subaru Forester 67
Nissan Juke 47 Nissan Juke 37 Honda CR-V 65
Mazda CX-3 46 Kia Sportage 54
COMPACT SUVs
Chevrolet Trax 40 Saturn Vue 52
Fiat 500X 39 Subaru Forester 69 Ford Escape 51
Nissan Xterra 69 Mazda Tribute 51
COMPACT SUVs
Toyota RAV4 66 Mercury Mariner 51
Subaru Forester 77 Mazda CX-5 65 Nissan Rogue 41
Toyota RAV4 68 Honda CR-V 64 Volkswagen Tiguan 27
Honda CR-V 66 Volkswagen Tiguan 59
Mazda CX-5 62 MIDSIZED SUVs
Kia Sportage 53
Ford Escape 53 Hyundai Tucson 52 Toyota Highlander 82
Volkswagen Tiguan 51 Ford Escape 52 Toyota 4Runner 75
Hyundai Tucson 51
Mitsubishi Outlander 52 Ford Taurus X 72
Jeep Cherokee 49
Jeep Patriot 46 Ford Edge 65
Nissan Rogue 48
Nissan Rogue 42 Honda Pilot 65
Kia Sportage 48
Jeep Cherokee 39 Jeep Wrangler 63
Mitsubishi Outlander 47
Jeep Compass 34 Nissan Murano 59
MIDSIZED SUVs
Jeep Patriot 27 Hyundai Santa Fe 55
Toyota FJ Cruiser 86 Jeep Grand Cherokee 46
MIDSIZED SUVs Toyota Highlander 78 Mazda CX-9 38
Toyota Highlander 76 Toyota 4Runner 76 Dodge Journey 27
Toyota 4Runner 75 Volkswagen Touareg 71
LARGE SUVs
Kia Sorento 70 Jeep Wrangler 71
Volkswagen Touareg 70 Honda Pilot 67 Ford Flex 73
Jeep Wrangler 69 Hyundai Santa Fe 66 Chevrolet Suburban 64
Jeep Grand Cherokee 68 Mazda CX-9 65 GMC Yukon XL 64
Hyundai Santa Fe Sport 67 Jeep Grand Cherokee 65 Chevrolet Tahoe 56
Honda Pilot 66 Hyundai Santa Fe Sport 64 GMC Yukon 56
Mazda CX-9 65 Ford Edge 62 Chevrolet Traverse 51
Ford Edge 64 Kia Sorento 61 GMC Acadia 39
Nissan Murano 62 Ford Explorer 60
Ford Explorer 61 Nissan Murano 59
Hyundai Santa Fe 59 Chevrolet Equinox 55
Chevrolet Equinox 54 GMC Terrain 55
GMC Terrain 54 Dodge Journey 29
Dodge Journey 43 Nissan Pathfinder 25
Nissan Pathfinder 42 LARGE SUVs
LARGE SUVs Toyota Sequoia 76
Ford Flex 75 Ford Flex 74
Chevrolet Suburban 75 Dodge Durango 71
GMC Yukon XL 75 Ford Expedition 70
Toyota Sequoia 74 Chevrolet Suburban 66
Ford Expedition 70 GMC Yukon XL 66
Chevrolet Tahoe 68 Chevrolet Traverse 64
GMC Yukon 68 GMC Acadia 58
Dodge Durango 64 Chevrolet Tahoe 54
Chevrolet Traverse 64 GMC Yukon 54
GMC Acadia 58

Again Again Again
LUXURY COMPACT SUVs LUXURY COMPACT SUVs LUXURY COMPACT SUVs

Porsche Macan 77 Audi Q5 70 Acura RDX 40
BMW X3 68 BMW X3 68
LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE SUVs
Audi Q5 67 Volvo XC60 67
Audi Q3 64 Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class 65 Lexus RX 78
Volvo XC60 62 Buick Encore 58 Buick Enclave 63
Lexus NX 59 Acura RDX 58 Acura MDX 55
BMW X1 59 BMW X1 52 Mercedes-Benz M-Class 44
Cadillac SRX 56 Mini Cooper Countryman 51 BMW X5 34
Acura RDX 55 Cadillac SRX 50 COMPACT PICKUP TRUCKS
Mini Cooper Countryman 55
LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE SUVs Honda Ridgeline 83
Mercedes-Benz GLC 54
Infiniti QX50 51 Lexus GX 80 Toyota Tacoma 60
Lincoln MKC 51 Porsche Cayenne 78 Nissan Frontier 55
Mercedes-Benz GLA 50 Lexus LX 78 Ford Ranger 47
Buick Encore 50 BMW X5 77 Mazda B-Series 47
Buick Envision 49 Lexus RX 76 Chevrolet Colorado 36
Audi Q7 71 GMC Canyon 36
LUXURY MIDSIZED/LARGE SUVs
Mercedes-Benz GL-Class 69 FULL-SIZED PICKUP TRUCKS
Tesla Model X 85 Lincoln MKX 68
Land Rover Range Rover Sport 76 Buick Enclave 66 Chevrolet Avalanche 77
Porsche Cayenne 75 Mercedes-Benz M-Class 66 Ford F-150 68
Lexus RX 72 Lincoln MKT 62 Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 63
BMW X5 70 Acura MDX 57 GMC Sierra 2500HD 63
Buick Enclave 70 Infiniti QX80 50 Dodge Ram 1500 60
Lexus GX 67 Infiniti QX60 35 Toyota Tundra 58
Land Rover Range Rover 67 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 53
COMPACT PICKUP TRUCKS GMC Sierra 1500 53
Mercedes-Benz GLE 65
Lexus LX 64 Honda Ridgeline 77
Lincoln MKX 63 Toyota Tacoma 61
Volvo XC90 58 Nissan Frontier 46
Cadillac Escalade 57 FULL-SIZED PICKUP TRUCKS
Mercedes-Benz GL-Class 55
Acura MDX 47 Toyota Tundra 78
Infiniti QX60 47 Ford F-350 78
Ford F-150 73
COMPACT PICKUP TRUCKS Ford F-250 72
Chevrolet Colorado 58 Ram 1500 71
GMC Canyon 58 Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 68
Toyota Tacoma 54 GMC Sierra 2500HD 68
Nissan Frontier 50 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 61
GMC Sierra 1500 61
FULL-SIZED PICKUP TRUCKS
Ram 3500 61
Toyota Tundra 77 Ram 2500 56
Chevrolet Silverado 3500HD 76
GMC Sierra 3500HD 76
Ford F-150 76
Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD 75
GMC Sierra 2500HD 75
Ram 2500 75
Ram 1500 73
Ram 3500 72
Ford F-350 71
Ford F-250 66
Chevrolet Silverado 1500 65
GMC Sierra 1500 65
Dodge Ram 2500 63
Nissan Titan XD 62

Best Bang
For Your Car Buck
26
NEED NEW WHEELS but have a tight the process can feel overwhelming. in the bunch. We also included lists of
budget? Buying used is a way to It doesn’t have to be. We’ve created used cars that proved to be particu-
get the biggest bang for your buck. It’s this handy guide to help you find larly troublesome—and that you should
simple: After one year a new car has the small cars, sedans, and SUVs that avoid considering.
depreciated 27 percent of its sticker are most likely to fulfill your needs Even for the used cars that we recom-
price; after three years it’s worth barely without breaking down and soaking mend, there can be stinkers—due to a
half its sticker price. you in repair bills. bad day at the factory or a former owner
But picking out a good used car from Each model performed well in our who didn’t care much for car mainte-
a sea of bad ones has never been easy. road tests when it was new and had nance and ended up neglecting the car.
You want one that’s reliable, affordable, above-average reliability for the model Because of this, make sure to pay for
and equipped with modern safety years shown. In addition, each offered a thorough inspection by a certified me-
features. Add in the desire to avoid a car ESC as a standard or an optional feature. chanic before you sign on the dotted line,
that has been damaged in an accident, Of course, there’s always a lemon so there are no surprises down the road.
WORST USED CARS

Listed alphabetically by make and model, these 144 vehicles have records of much-worse-
than-average reliability, based on member responses to our Annual Auto Survey.
Acura HHR ‘09 GMC Kia Ram

MDX ‘16 Malibu ‘10-11, ‘16 Acadia ‘09-16 Cadenza ‘17 1500 ‘16, ‘18
TLX ‘15-16 Silverado 1500 ‘17 Canyon ‘17-18 Optima ‘12 2500 ‘12-16
Alfa Romeo Silverado 2500HD ‘11, ‘14, Sierra 1500 ‘17 Lincoln 3500 ‘16-17
Giulia ‘17 ‘16-18 Sierra 2500HD ‘11, ‘14, ‘16-18 MKZ ‘17 Saturn
Audi Silverado 3500HD ‘15, ‘17 Sierra 3500HD ‘15, ‘17 Mazda Outlook ‘09
A4 ‘09-11 Sonic ‘12-13 Terrain ‘10-11 5 ‘10 Vue ‘09
Q5 ‘11 Suburban ‘15 Yukon ‘09, ‘15 CX-3 ‘17 Subaru
Q7 ‘15 Tahoe ‘09, ‘15 Yukon XL ‘15 Mercedes-Benz Impreza ‘09
BMW Traverse ‘09-11, ‘18 Honda C-Class ‘15, ‘18 Legacy ‘09
1 Series ‘11, ‘13 Trax ‘17 Clarity ‘18 E-Class ‘09, ‘18 WRX ‘15-16
2 Series ‘18 Volt ‘15, ‘17 Odyssey ‘18 GLC ‘16-17 Tesla
3 Series ‘09, ‘11, ‘18 Chrysler Ridgeline ‘18 GL-Class ‘14, ‘16 Model S ‘17-18
5 Series ‘10-12, ‘17 200 ‘15 Hyundai M-Class ‘10 Model X ‘16-18
X1 ‘16 300 ‘13-14, ‘17 Genesis ‘10 S-Class ‘16 Volkswagen
X3 ‘11-13 Pacifica ‘17-18 Sonata ‘11 Mini Atlas ‘18
X5 ‘11-13 Town & Country ‘09-11 Tucson ‘16-17 Cooper ‘09-14, ‘16 Golf ‘18
Buick Dodge Infiniti Cooper Clubman ‘09-14, ‘16 GTI ‘16, ‘18
Enclave ‘09-12, ‘18 Challenger ‘17 JX ‘13 Cooper Countryman ‘12, ‘14 Jetta ‘11, ‘13
Encore ‘14 Charger ‘17 Q50 ‘17 Mitsubishi Jetta SportWagen ‘12
Regal ‘11 Dart ‘13 Q70 ‘15 Outlander ‘15 Passat ‘14, ‘18
Verano ‘16 Durango ‘11-12, ‘15-16 QX60 ‘14 Outlander Sport ‘15 Tiguan ‘09, ‘11-13
Cadillac Grand Caravan ‘09-11 Jaguar Nissan Touareg ‘14
ATS ‘16 Journey ‘14-15 F-Pace ‘17-18 Leaf ‘16 Volvo
CT6 ‘17 Fiat Jeep Pathfinder ‘14-15 C70 ‘11, ‘13
CTS ‘16 500 ‘12-13, ‘15 Cherokee ‘14-16 Quest ‘12 S90 ‘17
PHOTO: IMAGE SOURCE /AL AMY STOCK PHOTO
DTS ‘10 Ford Compass ‘18 Rogue ‘09 XC90 ‘16-17

Escalade ‘15-17 C-MAX ‘18 Grand Cherokee ‘11-15 Sentra ‘13, ‘15
SRX ‘13-14 Expedition ‘10, ‘13 Liberty ‘12 Titan ‘17
XT5 ‘17-18 Explorer ‘15-16 Patriot ‘14-15 Versa Hatchback ‘10
XTS ‘13-15 F-150 ‘18 Renegade ‘15-16 Porsche
Chevrolet F-350 ‘11, ‘15, ‘18 Wrangler ‘09, ‘11-13 Boxster ‘14
Camaro ‘17 Fiesta ‘11-12, ‘14-15 Wrangler JK ‘18 Cayenne ‘13, ‘16
Colorado ‘17-18 Focus ‘12-17 Macan ‘15
Corvette ‘18 Fusion ‘17
Cruze ‘11-14 Mustang ‘15-17
Equinox ‘10-11 Transit ‘16

BEST OF THE BEST

The top used-vehicle choices
UNDER $10,000 reliable, fuel-efficient transpor-

tation. Its flexible interior makes
COMPACT CARS
it a practical choice among
Toyota Matrix 2010 subcompact cars.
Scion xB 2009-10, ‘12
The Matrix is a reliable and COMPACT CARS
spacious compact hatchback, Toyota Corolla 2014-16
with fairly nimble handling, but Dependable, fuel-efficient
a ride that is borderline jittery. transportation is the Corolla’s
AWD was optional. ESC was strength. There isn’t anything
standard in 2010. The xB is a flashy, but the interior is com-
reliable, small box of a car that fortable and roomy. ESC and Toyota
delivers a ton of room. curtain airbags are standard. Prius
MIDSIZED CARS
MIDSIZED CARS
Mazda6 2009-12 SMALL SUVs airbags. The SUV is agile, but
Acura TSX 2011-12
Honda CR-V 2011-13 has a stiff ride. But reliability is
Mazda’s midsized sedan is a Toyota Camry 2012-14
This SUV is one of the most very good.
sporty four-door, with nimble You can stick to your budget and
handling, good steering feel, popular on the market, thanks
still get a reliable premium car
and a supple ride. Reliability is to its strong resale value, agile
if you choose the slick-handling $15,000-20,000
excellent and the four-cylinder handling, excellent reliability,
TSX, which is a sporty car COMPACT CARS
engine is fuel-efficient. ESC and fuel-efficient powertrains.
based on the European Honda Toyota Prius 2015
was standard starting in 2009. Curtain airbags and ESC
Accord. The Camry is a solid
are standard. The Prius has always proved
choice because of its out-standing
that you don’t have to give up
$10,000-15,000 reliability, strong value, and fuel-
MIDSIZED SUVs space or ride comfort to get
efficient powertrains.
SUBCOMPACT CARS Acura RDX 2011 stellar gas mileage—its 44 mpg
Honda Fit 2016 The RDX has a host of standard overall is better than any
Although it’s a bit noisy, the safety features, including ESC, vehicle that doesn’t plug in.
Honda Fit is a standout for and side and head-protection
MIDSIZED CARS
Honda Accord 2014-16
Lexus CT 200h 2013-15
Mercedes-Benz E-Class 2011-12
With its cavernous backseat,
a responsive suspension, and
impressive fuel efficiency, the
Accord is a dependable used
sedan. The Lexus CT is based
on the Prius, but with a nicer
Honda interior and more responsive
Fit handling. Reliability is excellent,
but the car has a small rear seat
and cargo area. If you want a
bit more luxury for your
money, the E-Class is plush,
quiet, quick, and fun to drive.

$25,000-30,000
MIDSIZED AND LARGE CARS
Lexus ES 2016-17
Lexus GS 2014-15
The ES takes the platform of
the reliable Toyota Camry and
Toyota
adds luxury appointments,
RAV4
road-trip-worthy front seats,
and a quiet cabin. The GS
was transformed with its 2013
redesign: It became a true
sports sedan yet had a supple
ride. Its roomy, comfortable,
and luxurious cabin is an
excellent place to spend time
as the miles tick by.
WAGONS WAGONS version. It has a quiet interior, MIDSIZED AND LARGE SUVs
Toyota Venza 2014-15 Toyota Prius V 2016-17 room for seven, straightforward Lexus RX 2015
Part wagon, part SUV, the Venza Longer and more versatile than controls, and top-notch reliability. Toyota Sequoia 2013
has a quiet interior, a roomy rear a standard Prius, the V still The RX offers a cabin that is
seat, and a generous cargo returns excellent fuel economy PICKUPS
quiet, comfortable, and luxuri-
area. Handling is secure, though despite its extra weight and Honda Ridgeline 2013-14 ous; fuel-efficient gas and hybrid
not sporty. Reliability is rock- larger size. This efficient hybrid It might not look as rugged as powertrains, and a plush ride.
solid, making this a wise choice. takes the best attributes of some trucks, but the Ridgeline Reliability has been stellar.
the Prius, but adds a roomier is an excellent alternative to a The big Sequoia SUV has seat-
SMALL AND MIDSIZED SUVs rear seat and expanded traditional pickup truck. It has ing for up to eight passengers
Toyota RAV4 2014-16 cargo capability. a carlike ride, an innovative and a refined V8 powertrain.
Toyota 4Runner 2010-11 composite cargo bed, a lockable Fuel economy is respectable for
These models are two different SMALL AND MIDSIZED SUVs weatherproof trunk under the such a large SUV.
takes on SUVs. The RAV4 is Mazda CX-5 2018 bed, and a powerful V6. It isn’t
available with four- and six- Toyota Highlander 2014-15 designed for serious off-roading PICKUPS
cylinder engines, both of which Mazda’s small SUV is one of or hauling, and its fuel economy Toyota Tundra 2015-16
are very fuel-efficient. It is great the sportier offerings. It has isn’t better than larger trucks, Among full-sized pickups, the
for urban and suburban families, taut, agile handling and well- but if you don’t need to tow more Tundra is a reliable option.
and its nimble, secure handling weighted steering, although the than 5,000 pounds, consider There’s plenty of power from
is a plus. On the other hand, the ride is choppy and the cabin buying the Ridgeline. the V8 engine, off-road prow-
4Runner is a serious off-roader gets loud. Reliability is very ess and towing capability
with a well-finished and quiet good. The Highlander is a roomy are impressive, and fuel
interior, smooth V6 or V8 engine, three-row SUV available with economy is competitive. The
and an available third-row seat. four- and six-cylinder gas engines damped tailgate is a nice
as well as V6-powered hybrid convenience feature.
$20,000-25,000
SEDANS
Toyota Avalon 2016-18
Lexus LS 2011
For less than the price of
a new sedan, you can buy
one of these slightly older
models. The Avalon features
a generously sized cabin,
luxury features, and an avail-
able hybrid powertrain for
a non-luxury price.
The LS is the flagship of the
Lexus line, a competent cruiser Toyota
that floats over bumps and Venza
ruts. It’s supremely comfortable,
emphasizing quietness
and luxury over sportiness.

Reliable Used Cars For Every Budget

Here are the reliable 2009-18 models, so To help, we show the first year that each performed well in our testing when new
you can buy the newest used vehicle with model offered electronic stability and have multiple years of better-than-
the most up-to-date safety features. control (ESC). Models highlighted in blue average reliability.
Prices ESC (’09-18) Prices ESC (’09-18)

Make & Model $5K- $10K- $15K- $20K- $25K- Opt. Std. Make & Model $5K- $10K- $15K- $20K- $25K- Opt. Std.
$10K $15K $20K $25K $30K in from $10K $15K $20K $25K $30K in from
CARS: SUBCOMPACT CARS: MIDSIZED AND LARGE Continued
Honda Fit ‘09-13 ‘16 ‘17-18 - - ‘09 ‘11 Subaru Legacy ‘10-11 ‘12, ‘14 ‘16-17 ‘18 - - all
Hyundai Accent - - ‘16 - - - ‘12 Toyota Avalon ‘09-10 ‘11-12 ‘13-15 ‘16-18 - - all
Nissan Versa
‘11-12 - - - ‘10 ‘12 Toyota Camry ‘09-11 ‘12-14 ‘15-17 ‘18 - ‘09 ‘10
Hatchback
Toyota Corolla iM - ‘17 - - - - all Volkswagen Passat - - ‘16 ‘17 - - all
Toyota Prius C - ‘12-14 ‘15-16 - - - all

CARS: LUXURY
Toyota Yaris ‘10, ‘12 - - - - - ‘10
Acura ILX - ‘13 ‘16 - - - all
Toyota Yaris iA - ‘17 - - - - ‘10
Acura TL - ‘09-12 ‘14 - - - all
CARS: COMPACT
Acura TSX ‘09-10 ‘11-12 ‘13-14 - - - all
Ford Focus ‘09-11 - - - - ‘09 ‘10 Audi A4 - - - ‘15-16 ‘17 - all
Honda Civic ‘09-11 ‘12-14 ‘15 ‘18 - ‘09 ‘12
BMW 3 Series - - - ‘15 ‘16 - all
Hyundai Elantra ‘09, ‘11 ‘14-17 - - - ‘09 ‘11
Buick LaCrosse - ‘12-13 ‘15 ‘16 - - all
Kia Forte ‘12 ‘14-16 ‘18 - - - all
Buick Regal - - ‘15-16 ‘17 - - all
Kia Soul ‘10-13 ‘16 ‘18 - - - all
Buick Verano ‘12 ‘13-15 - - - - all
Mazda3 ‘09-13 ‘14-15 ‘16-17 ‘18 - ‘09 ‘11
Infiniti G ‘09-10 ‘11-12 ‘13 - - all
Nissan Leaf ‘11, ‘13 ‘14-15 ‘17 - - - all
Infiniti M - - ‘11, ‘13 - - - all
Pontiac Vibe ‘09-10 - - - - - all
Lexus CT 200h - ‘11-12 ‘13-15 - - - all
‘09-10,
Scion xB ‘15 - - - - all
‘12 Lexus ES - ‘09-12 ‘13 ‘14-15 ‘16-17 - all
Subaru Impreza - - ‘15-16 ‘18 - - all
Lexus GS - - - ‘13 ‘14-15 - all
Toyota Corolla ‘09-13 ‘14-16 ‘17-18 - - ‘09 ‘10
Lexus IS - ‘10 ‘11-13 ‘14-15 ‘16 - all
Toyota Matrix ‘10 - - - - ‘09 ‘10
Lexus LS - - ‘09-10 ‘11 ‘12 - all
Toyota Prius ‘09-10 ‘11-14 ‘15 ‘16-17 ‘18 ‘09 ‘10 ‘09,
Lincoln MKZ - - - - - all
‘11-12
Volkswagen Jetta - ‘15-16 ‘17 - - - all Mercedes-Benz
- ‘10-11 ‘13-14 - ‘16 - all
C-Class
CARS: MIDSIZED AND LARGE Mercedes-Benz
- - ‘11-12 ‘13 - - all
E-Class
Chevrolet Impala ‘12 - ‘15 ‘17-18 - ‘09 ‘10
Volvo S60 - ‘13 - ‘16 ‘17 - all
Ford Taurus ‘09-11 ‘12 ‘14, ‘16 - - - all
SPORTS CARS/CONVERTIBLES
Honda Accord ‘09-11 ‘12-13 ‘14-16 ‘17 - - all
Audi A5 - - ‘12 ‘14 ‘16 - all
Hyundai Azera - ‘13 ‘14, ‘16 - - - all
BMW 2 Series - - - ‘15 ‘17 - all
Hyundai Sonata ‘09 ‘15 ‘16 ‘18 - - all
BMW 4 Series - - - ‘15 ‘16 - all
Kia Optima - - ‘14-15 ‘18 - - all
Mazda6 ‘09-12 ‘14 ‘15-17 ‘18 - - all Chevrolet Camaro - ‘10-12 ‘13 ‘15 ‘16 - ‘10
Nissan Altima ‘10, ‘12 - ‘16-17 ‘18 - ‘09 ‘10 Chevrolet Corvette - - - - ‘13 - all
Nissan Maxima ‘11 - - ‘16-17 - - all Ford Mustang - ‘10 ‘12 - - - all

Prices ESC (’09-18) Prices ESC (’09-18)
Make & Model $5K- $10K- $15K- $20K- $25K- Opt. Std. Make & Model $5K- $10K- $15K- $20K- $25K- Opt. Std.
$10K $15K $20K $25K $30K in from $10K $15K $20K $25K $30K in from
SPORTS CARS/CONVERTIBLES Continued SUVs: MIDSIZED AND LARGE
Mazda MX-5 Miata ‘09-10 ‘11-14 ‘15 ‘16 - ‘09 ‘12 Acura MDX - ‘09-10 ‘12-13 ‘15 - all
Scion FR-S - ‘13 - - - - all Acura RDX - ‘11 ‘13 ‘14 ‘16 - all
Subaru BRZ - ‘13 - - - - all Chevrolet Equinox - - ‘15-17 - - - all
Chevrolet Tahoe - - ‘12 ‘13 - - all

WAGONS AND MINIVANS
Ford Flex - ‘12 - ‘17 - - all
Honda Accord
- ‘11 - - - - all
Crosstour
GMC Terrain - - ‘15-17 - - - all
Honda Crosstour - - ‘14 - - - all
GMC Yukon - - ‘12 ‘13 - - all
Honda Odyssey - - ‘15 ‘16 - - all
Honda Pilot - ‘11-12 - ‘14-15 - - all
Kia Sedona ‘12 - ‘15-16 ‘17 - - all
Hyundai Santa Fe - - ‘15 ‘16-17 ‘18 - all
Mazda5 ‘13 ‘14-15 - - - - ‘10 Hyundai Santa Fe
- - ‘15-16 ‘17-18 - - all
Sport
Subaru Outback - ‘11-12 ‘14 ‘16 ‘17 - all
Infiniti QX50 - - - - ‘16-17 - all
Toyota Prius V - ‘12-13 ‘14-15 ‘16-17 - - all
Kia Sorento - - ‘16-17 - ‘18 - all
Toyota Sienna - ‘11-13 ‘14-15 ‘16 ‘18 - all Lexus NX - - - - ‘15 - all
Toyota Venza - ‘09-13 ‘14-15 - - - all Lexus RX - ‘09-10 ‘11-12 ‘13-14 ‘15 - all
Volvo XC70 - - ‘12 ‘16 - - all Lincoln MKX - - ‘13 ‘14 - - all
SUVs: SMALL Mazda CX-9 - - ‘15 - ‘17 - all

Mercedes-Benz
Audi Q3 - - - - ‘16-17 - all - ‘11 - - ‘15 - all
GLK-Class
Ford Escape - ‘12 ‘15-16 ‘18 - - all Nissan Murano ‘11 ‘12-14 - ‘16 ‘18 - all
Honda CR-V ‘09-10 ‘11-13 ‘14-15 ‘16-17 ‘18 - all Nissan Xterra - ‘12 - ‘15 - - all
Honda Element - ‘10-11 - - - - all Toyota 4Runner - - ‘10-11 ‘12-13 ‘14-15 - all
Honda HR-V - - ‘16 ‘17 - - all Toyota FJ Cruiser - - - - ‘14 - all
Hyundai Tucson ‘11 ‘12-13 ‘14 - - - all Toyota Highlander - ‘09-11 ‘12-13 ‘14-15 ‘16-17 - all
Kia Sportage ‘09 - ‘15-16 ‘18 - - all Toyota Sequoia - - ‘10 - ‘13 - all
Mazda CX-5 - ‘13-14 ‘15-17 ‘18 - - all PICKUP TRUCKS

Mini Cooper
- - ‘15 ‘16 ‘17 - all Honda Ridgeline - ‘09-11 ‘12 ‘13-14 - - all
Countryman
Mitsubishi Nissan Frontier ‘09-10 ‘11-13 ‘15 - - ‘09 ‘12
- - - ‘17-18 - - all
Outlander
Mitsubishi Toyota Tacoma - ‘09-12 ‘13-14 ‘15 - - all
- - ‘17 ‘18 - - all
Outlander Sport
Nissan Rogue - ‘13 - ‘17 - - all Toyota Tundra - ‘09 ‘11-12 ‘13-14 ‘15-16 - all
Subaru Forester - - ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 - all
Subaru XV/Crosstrek - - ‘15 ‘16-17 ‘18 - all

‘17-
Toyota RAV4 ‘09-10 ‘11-13 ‘14-16 - - all
108
Volkswagen Tiguan - ‘14 ‘15, ‘17 - - - all

2
STRETCH
YOUR FUEL
ECONOMY
Fuel-economy results for more than 800
cars, trucks, and SUVs, plus our guide to hybrid,
electric, and diesel vehicles.
Fuel prices are incredibly volatile,

moving from a national average of
over $3.50 per gallon in 2012, down
to $2.84 per gallon recently. Most
drivers will experience at least one up
and down fuel-price cycle during their
ownership period. Fortunately, plenty
of vehicles provide good mileage while
demanding few sacrifices.
32
33
2 Fuel Economy
Saving Gas = Saving Cash not be getting the miles per gallon up and down lots of hills, you’ll use
This chapter will guide you to the most you expect, and the pros and cons of more fuel than commuting on flatter
fuel-efficient cars and answer questions hybrids, plug-in hybrids, diesels, terrain. And if you live in the heart
about fuel choices. It’s easy to see how and electric vehicles. of a city or spend a lot of your highway
much you can save by driving a more time in stop-and-go traffic, you’ll get
fuel-efficient vehicle. Fuel Economy: Closer to Reality worse fuel economy than our overall
If you are interested in the overall Whichever type of vehicle you buy, average predicts. Use our fuel-economy
fuel economy and performance data the estimated fuel-economy ratings ratings, or those from the government,
for the hundreds of vehicles we’ve will help you choose the most efficient for a general comparison.
tested since 2009, turn to the charts vehicle to meet your needs. But bear At times the EPA overhauls its method
starting on page 39. in mind that your mileage will vary for estimating fuel economy. The
Throughout this chapter, you’ll find based on how you drive and how the changes for the 2008 model year re-
advice on various fuel-economy con- car has been maintained. sulted in estimates that are about
cerns, such as how your driving habits Where you live makes a difference, 12 percent lower than they were for
affect your gas mileage, why you might too. If your daily commute takes you 2007. The EPA performed another
This chart can help you vehicle on the other axis.

determine your annual fuel The box where the two
See How Much savings by choosing a

more fuel-efficient vehicle
over one that gets worse
intersect shows how much
money you’d save per year,
assuming you drive 12,000
You Can Save gas mileage.
To compare two vehicles
miles per year and gasoline
costs $2.84 per gallon.
The savings from buying a more CR has tested, first look Higher fuel prices would
up their overall mpg in the mean greater savings.
fuel-efficient vehicle can put some charts starting on page A vehicle that uses regular
serious cash in your pocket. 39. Then find the overall fuel will save you even
mpg figure for one vehicle more money when
on one axis of this chart, compared with one that
and the mpg for the other runs on premium.
MPG 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
12 $0 $406 $710 $947 $1,136 $1,291 $1,420 $1,529 $1,623 $1,704 $1,775 $1,838 $1,893 $1,943 $1,988 $2,029 $2,065
14 $406 $0 $304 $541 $730 $885 $1,014 $1,124 $1,217 $1,298 $1,369 $1,432 $1,488 $1,537 $1,582 $1,623 $1,660
16 $710 $304 $0 $237 $426 $581 $710 $819 $913 $994 $1,065 $1,128 $1,183 $1,233 $1,278 $1,319 $1,355
18 $947 $541 $237 $0 $189 $344 $473 $583 $676 $757 $828 $891 $947 $996 $1,041 $1,082 $1,119
20 $1,136 $730 $426 $189 $0 $155 $284 $393 $487 $568 $639 $702 $757 $807 $852 $893 $929
22 $1,291 $885 $581 $344 $155 $0 $129 $238 $332 $413 $484 $547 $602 $652 $697 $738 $775
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: R AYMOND FORBES LLC/ STOCKSY
24 $1,420 $1,014 $710 $473 $284 $129 $0 $109 $203 $284 $355 $418 $473 $523 $568 $609 $645
26 $1,529 $1,124 $819 $583 $393 $238 $109 $0 $94 $175 $246 $308 $364 $414 $459 $499 $536
28 $1,623 $1,217 $913 $676 $487 $332 $203 $94 $0 $81 $152 $215 $270 $320 $365 $406 $443
30 $1,704 $1,298 $994 $757 $568 $413 $284 $175 $81 $0 $71 $134 $189 $239 $284 $325 $361
32 $1,775 $1,369 $1,065 $828 $639 $484 $355 $246 $152 $71 $0 $63 $118 $168 $213 $254 $290
34 $1,838 $1,432 $1,128 $891 $702 $547 $418 $308 $215 $134 $63 $0 $56 $106 $150 $191 $228
36 $1,893 $1,488 $1,183 $947 $757 $602 $473 $364 $270 $189 $118 $56 $0 $50 $95 $135 $172
38 $1,943 $1,537 $1,233 $996 $807 $652 $523 $414 $320 $239 $168 $106 $50 $0 $45 $85 $122
40 $1,988 $1,582 $1,278 $1,041 $852 $697 $568 $459 $365 $284 $213 $150 $95 $45 $0 $41 $77
42 $2,029 $1,623 $1,319 $1,082 $893 $738 $609 $499 $406 $325 $254 $191 $135 $85 $41 $0 $37
44 $2,065 $1,660 $1,355 $1,119 $929 $775 $645 $536 $443 $361 $290 $228 $172 $122 $77 $37 $0

change for the 2017 model year. To FUEL STATS For a full rundown on the fuel econ-
compare EPA fuel-economy ratings, go omy and performance results of all
to fueleconomy.gov/feg/findacar.htm. the vehicles CR has tested since 2009,
Though the government uses turn to page 39.
laboratory tests to determine fuel
economy, we test the cars we’ve Hybrids, Electrics, and Diesels
bought at dealerships on real roads Buyers continue to show an interest
with real drivers. in hybrids and diesels, even with the cur-
rently low fuel prices. Both hybrids and
Compare MPG diesels usually deliver fuel economy that
When it comes time to focus on fuel is among the best in their class. Some
economy, remember that the difference How much you will save in fuel models pay for themselves at the pump—
costs each year if you choose a 20-mpg
between two vehicles can be substan- and in overall owner costs—during a
SUV instead of a 15-mpg one.
tial—even those separated by just 5 mpg. typical 11-year ownership cycle. But that
For example, assuming gas costs payoff period becomes shorter when
$2.84 per gallon and you drive the na- fuel prices are higher.
tional average of 12,000 miles per year, When buying a used hybrid or diesel,
look at two midsized, three-row SUVs: you’ll pay a premium because these
the 2011 Nissan Pathfinder and the While both the 2013 BMW X5 and vehicles often have lower depreciation.
2011 Hyundai Santa Fe, both of which 2013 Jeep Grand Cherokee V6 return Fuel costs can be significantly lower
come with V6 engines. The Santa Fe 18 mpg overall, the X5 requires pre- than their closest conventional counter-
got 20 mpg overall in our fuel-economy mium fuel, which means fuel costs will parts, so it can be difficult for buyers
tests, saving you almost $570 per year run about $380 more annually than to know whether they will recoup the
over the 15-mpg Pathfinder. If you drive for the Jeep. extra investment.
more miles or gas prices rise, the sav- Sports and luxury cars designed Buying a used hybrid such as the
ings are even greater. to run on premium gas usually have Toyota Highlander Hybrid, Ford Fusion
And it’s not just SUVs. If you bought higher-performance engines. These Hybrid, Honda Civic Hybrid, Toyota
a 2013 four-cylinder Nissan Altima, use a higher compression ratio, which Camry Hybrid, or Toyota Prius can save
which got 31 mpg overall in our tests, generates more heat in the cylinders. you money even when fuel is cheap,
instead of the four-cylinder Dodge That makes them more prone to as long as you keep the car a few years.
Avenger that got 21 mpg overall, you early detonation of the fuel/air mix- Some hybrids, however, will cost
could save more than $500 per year ture, known as “knocking” or “ping- you more to own than a conventional
in fuel costs. ing.” Premium gas, which has an equivalent at any gas price on record.
Switching categories might save octane rating of 91 or higher, is less For example, a Lexus RX 450h gets
you even more money. For example, volatile than regular, and thus more just 5 mpg better fuel economy than
a 24-mpg Mazda5 wagon has more resistant to premature combustion the conventional RX 350, not enough of
passenger and cargo space than a than lower-octane gas. Using premium a savings with current fuel prices to
16-mpg Subaru Tribeca SUV. Choosing in an engine that doesn’t require pay off the difference in vehicle price.
the Mazda5 could save you more it, however, doesn’t improve perfor- Likewise, at current fuel prices, you
than $700 per year in fuel. mance and is a waste of money. wouldn’t come out ahead anytime soon
As you compare the fuel economy Be sure to check the owner’s by buying the 32-mpg Nissan Altima
of different vehicles, be sure to check manual. If premium is recommended Hybrid over the regular Altima 2.5 S,
the required grade of gasoline. A but not required, you can run on which gets 25 mpg overall.
model that gets similar, or even slightly regular gasoline without problems
better, gas mileage than another because the engine’s electronic Hybrid Longevity: Should
may not be a bargain if it requires controls compensate by reducing You Worry?
premium fuel. power. We’ve found the difference Based on data from our Annual Auto
Premium gas now sells for a lot in performance is imperceptible Survey, we’ve found that the Toyota
more than regular gas. If the national in normal, everyday driving. Prius hybrid has outstanding reliability
average for regular is $2.84, premium After you’ve narrowed down your and low ownership costs. But we wanted
will likely cost more than $3.40. So choices, turn to page 36 to see how to know whether the effectiveness of
buying a car that doesn’t require pre- much money you could save annually the battery degraded over the long run.
mium can bring a decent savings. by choosing one model over another. In order to determine whether

2 Fuel Economy
battery degradation had an impact on Electric Vehicles: More PHEV versions of existing vehicles.
fuel economy, in 2011 we tested a 2004 Mainstream Every Year Battery-only EVs require basic
Prius with almost 215,000 miles on The biggest news has been about battery changes in driving habits and often
it. We then compared the results with electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hy- some hefty household electrical work.
a nearly identical 2004 Prius that we brid EVs (PHEVs). There are more EVs While the Chevrolet Bolt, Hyundai
tested when new. In addition to having and PHEVs on the road than ever, and Kona, and Tesla Model S, X, and 3 have
the original battery, the retested 2004 their ranges are getting longer. ranges between 180 and over 300 miles
Prius had the original engine as well EVs allow drivers to commute mod- on a single charge, other EVs on the
as the original transmission. erate distances using no gasoline and market have a limited driving range.
The results? Overall fuel economy producing no tailpipe emissions. They They all can take hours to recharge on
dropped to 42 mpg for the 215,000-mile can be charged by plugging them into a household outlet and cost more to
car compared with 44 mpg back in 2004. a household wall outlet, although how buy than similar conventional cars.
Highway mileage dipped to 47.9 mpg, long it takes to recharge depends on Battery life expectancy and replace-
from 50.4 back in 2004. City mileage the vehicle and the electrical voltage. ment cost remain question marks, and
dropped to 32.2 mpg compared with the Used EVs and PHEVs are available the public charging infrastructure is
original car’s 35.4 mpg. from Audi, BMW, Cadillac, Chevrolet, still limited.
If the battery of this 215k-mile car had Fiat, Ford, Honda, Hyundai, Jaguar,
to be replaced, it would cost between Kia, Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, Mit- Before You Buy: Things
$2,800 and $3,200 from a dealer, af- subishi, Nissan, Smart, Tesla, Toyota, to Consider
ter receiving a “core credit” of about Volkswagen, and Volvo. Answer these questions to determine
$1,350 for the old battery pack. The Chevrolet Volt and Toyota Prius whether an EV is right for you:
But there is no need to spend that Prime PHEVs are a bridge between ® How far do you drive? If you will be
much. In our searches, we found many fully electric vehicles and hybrids. They using the car for running local errands
low-mile used batteries for sale at can run only on electricity, and then or you have a short commute, say 20
prices between $500 and $1,000, and switch to gas/electric hybrid operation to 30 miles each way, the Nissan Leaf
some remanufactured batteries start once the battery depletes. Automakers would probably fit your needs. With an
as low as $850. such as BMW and Volvo also sell extended-range EV like the Volt or
simultaneously committed a drag. Don’t add to that by

number of fuel-economy carrying unneeded things on the
TIPS TO GET THE faux pas in the Camry, it still

got better fuel economy than
roof. After installing a large car-
top carrier, we saw a 6 mpg drop
MOST MPG the Mountaineer did at its best. on the Camry, from 35 mpg to
29; the boxier Mountaineer went
MOST IMPACT from 21 mpg to 20.
Minimize driving with a cold We also installed a bike rack
engine. Engines run most on a 2013 Honda Accord and
efficiently when they’re warm. evaluated the highway fuel
In our city-driving tests, making economy at 65 mph in various
How you drive can significantly of the Honda Accord, Subaru multiple short trips and starting configurations. Without a rack,
affect your fuel economy. That’s Forester, and Toyota Camry se- the engine from cold reduced we got 42 mpg; with the empty
the key finding of CR’s fuel- dans, and a V8-powered Mercury fuel economy for both the Camry rack, mileage dropped to
economy tests. On the highway, Mountaineer SUV. and the Mountaineer. Engines 37 mpg; with an empty rack
keeping your speed down, driving We tested the effects of also produce more pollution and a wind deflector installed,
steadily, and not carrying items driving aggressively, carrying a and wear faster when cold. To we got 35 mpg; with two bikes
on the roof are key to cutting car-top storage box, driving minimize cold-engine driving, and the deflector, it dropped
PHOTO: SHUT TERSTOCK
fuel bills. In city and stop-and-go at faster and slower speeds on combine short trips down to 27 mpg.
conditions, driving smoothly the highway, and driving with so that the engine stays warm. Slow down. Aerodynamic drag
and with the engine warmed up a cold engine, underinflated Reduce unnecessary drag. increases exponentially the faster
make the greatest difference. tires, and a dirty air cleaner. At highway speeds, more than you drive on the highway. We
We conducted a series of Of course, the biggest factor is 50 percent of engine power goes tested our vehicles’ fuel economy
tests using four-cylinder versions vehicle choice. Even when we to overcoming aerodynamic at 55, 65, and 75 mph. Driving

BMW i3, distance is not such a limiting
factor. Of course, if you can plug in Cargo Costs
while you’re away from home, you’ll Adding bike racks
and car carriers
extend your electric-driving range and can decrease
fuel-cost savings. Longer trips aren’t fuel economy.
an EV’s strength.
Keep in mind that a car’s electric
range can vary significantly depending
on weather and driving style. Our Tesla
Model S and X usually give us about 225
miles per charge. But in cold weather
that drops to 185. We’ve also found that
using the heater in cold weather is a
big drain on the battery range.
® Will an EV save you money? Because
EVs don’t have an engine or conven-

tional transmission, they generally have
lower maintenance costs, which should
save money over time. Depending on
your local electricity rates and what you
currently drive, running an EV should
cost less than filling up with gas.
Electricity costs an average of 12 cents
per kilowatt-hour in the U.S. Most EVs
run for about 3 miles per kWh, which
works out to about 4 cents per mile.
With regular gas costing about $2.84
at 75 mph instead of 65 reduced in top gear. Smooth accelera- the A/C helps dehumidify the and can lead to a blowout.
the Camry’s gas mileage from tion, cornering, and braking also cabin, which can contribute to Check the pressure of your
35 mpg to 30. For the Mercury, extend the life of the engine, keeping the driver alert and safe. vehicle’s tires at least once per
fuel economy fell from 21 mpg to transmission, brakes, and tires. We think that’s a worthwhile month, when the tires are cold.
18. Slowing down to 55 mph im- Use air conditioning if you trade-off. Also check the tires before
proved the gas mileage by similar must. We tested the effects and after long road trips. The
margins: The Camry improved of using air conditioning vs. LITTLE IMPACT recommended tire pressure
to 40 mpg and the Mountaineer opening the windows at various Keep tires inflated. Our tests is found on a label inside the
to 24 mpg. temperatures. At the relatively show that driving on moderately car—usually in a doorjamb,
low temperature of 55° F, we underinflated tires is more inside the glove-box lid, or inside
SOME IMPACT found that the effects of running of a safety concern than a fuel- the fuel-filler lid.
Drive smoothly. In our tests, the A/C were minimal. But on economy concern. We set Keep your air filter clean. We
frequent bursts of accelera- an 85° F day, running the A/C the air pressure in all four found that driving with a dirty
tion and braking reduced the reduced fuel economy by as tires in both the Camry and air filter in modern engines
Camry’s mileage by 2 to 3 mpg much as 5 mpg on the highway. Mountaineer to 10 psi below didn’t have a significant impact.
and the Mountaineer’s by We performed this test on that recommended by the auto We drove both vehicles with
about 1 mpg. The harder you various car types and found manufacturer. This reduced their air cleaners restricted
accelerate, the more fuel you that the car also makes a highway mileage only slightly and found little difference
use. Unnecessary braking difference. The A/C cut our for both vehicles. in mileage, because today’s
wastes the fuel you used to get Forester’s mileage by only But more important, under- engines precisely control the air/
up to speed. Drive smoothly about 1 mpg on the highway inflated tires provide much less fuel ratio, based on the volume
and anticipate the movement of and about 2 mpg in town. But grip for turning and stopping, of air coming in through the
traffic. Once up to highway the effect on our Accord was and they run much hotter. filter. Both cars did accelerate
speed, maintain a steady pace much greater. In any case, Overheated tires wear faster much more slowly, however.

2 Fuel Economy
per gallon, a car such as the Toyota about $500, and prices have been developed, or is developing, special
Corolla, which gets a very good 32 mpg coming down. rates for electric cars and for off-peak
overall, would cost nearly 9 cents per ® What will you pay for charging? charging. But such rate plans require
mile for fuel. But electrical rates vary Many utilities offer a wide variety of the installation of “smart” meters, which
widely, so check your local rates. rate plans, so it’s important to find out can monitor the time of day when elec-
No one knows how long the newer which will work for you. High electric tricity is used. So it’s best to call your
lithium-ion batteries will last before rates can erode an EV’s savings over utility company before you buy an
they’ll need replacement. And there’s a gas car. For example, at our track electric car.
no track record with which to gauge in Connecticut, electricity is about 19
them, as there is with the nickel- cents per kWh. Even at that rate, elec- Diesel Struggles: An
metal-hydride batteries in today’s hy- tric cars cost only one-half to two-thirds Ongoing Battle
brids. The Leaf and Volt carry 8-year/ as much to drive per mile as the most Diesel passenger cars have faced an up-
100,000-mile warranties on their efficient gasoline-powered cars. hill struggle in the U.S. Initially, there
battery packs and related hardware— Off-peak electricity rates are lower was the perception they were loud, clat-
and some states mandate longer war- in some areas of the country because tering vehicles with lousy acceleration
ranties. But EVs don’t require routine you’re taking advantage of the excess and an oily smell. But modern technol-
maintenance for oil changes, or re- capacity that power plants have at ogy has made today’s diesels peppy
placement fans, belts, or spark plugs, night. In Detroit, for example, charg- and unobtrusive. They are quicker and
like gas-powered cars do. ing off-peak in the summer would cost quieter than their predecessors because
® How you can charge at home. You 5.65 cents per kWh, or about 50 cents of turbocharging, ultra-precise, high-
can charge an EV at any household for a full charge, less than half what it pressure “common rail” fuel injection,
outlet, but you may be hard-pressed to costs during summer peak hours. and better exhaust-system catalysts.
charge a dedicated EV overnight on a Buyers who live in California, where However, without advanced emis-
120-volt outlet (known as Level 1 charg- EVs and public chargers are more sions controls, diesels can emit higher
ing). A heavy-duty 240-volt outlet (Level plentiful, need to be especially care- levels of two hard-to-manage pollut-
2 charging) on a dedicated 30- or 40-amp ful when choosing a plan. That state’s ants: oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which
circuit, similar to an outlet for an elec- Public Utilities Commission has set form smog and contribute to acid rain,
tric clothes dryer, is more practical. caps on usage for the lowest rates in and particulates (soot), which have
Installing a 240-volt connector runs basic plans. So unless you choose been linked to respiratory problems.
an estimated $700 to $2,000, depend- an appropriate plan, charging an elec- In 2015, the Environmental Protec-
ing on the home’s existing wiring tric car can quickly kick you into a tion Agency and the California Air
and location of the outlet. Level 2 higher price bracket. Resources Board announced that Volks-
chargers are currently retailing for Almost every electric utility has wagen had been cheating on its
diesel emissions controls.
VW admitted to circumventing the
emissions control system in more than
500,000 diesel vehicles sold in the U.S.
Pay at the Pump
If your car only since 2008. Owners were able to sell
requires regular their VW diesels back to Volkswagen or
fuel, don’t pay choose to have them fixed. Volkswagen
extra for premium.
was also allowed to fix the cars that they
PHOTO: NADEZDA MURMAKOVA /AL AMY STOCK PHOTO
bought back and resell them.

If you have your heart set on driving
a diesel, you can buy used cars, SUVs,
and trucks from BMW, Chevrolet, GMC,
Jaguar, Jeep, Land Rover, Mercedes-
Benz, and Ram, in addition to the fixed
Audi, Porsche, and VW models.
However, there won’t be as many to
choose from going forward. Most au-
tomakers have either stopped selling
new diesel cars and SUVs, or shelved
plans to sell them in the U.S.

Ratings
2009-2018 CR Fuel-Economy
and Road-Test Data
These charts show the overall fuel-economy, acceleration, and brak- is the miles per gallon from CR’s tests. For electric cars (identified with *)
ing test results for more than 800 vehicles. Trans. is the transmis- the mpg equivalent is listed. Plug-in hybrid (identified with **)
sion type (AT=automatic, MT=manual, CVT=continuously variable, mileage is a combination of electric and gas. 0-60 mph acceleration
Seq=sequential, D=direct drive) and number of speeds as tested. HP is determined by starting from a standstill with the engine idling.
is the horsepower of the engine tested. Engine is the configuration Braking is the distance in feet that a vehicle took to stop from 60 mph
(T=turbo, SC=supercharged, TD=turbodiesel, L=liters). CR’s overall mpg on dry pavement without any of the wheels locking up.
Model-Year Model-Year
Tested Model Trans. HP Engine Road-Test Data Tested Model Trans. HP Engine Road-Test Data
Range Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s overall
CR’s overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Acura ILX 2.0 L 2012-2015 5 AT 150 2.0 L 4 28 9.4 136 BMW 135i 2009-2013 6 MT 300 3.0 L 6 T 23 5.2 119
Acura ILX Premium 2016-2018 seq 8 201 2.4 L 4 28 7.5 132 BMW M235i 2014-2016 6 MT 320 3.0 L 6 T 25 5.2 115
Acura MDX 2009 5 AT 305 3.7 L V6 17 8.0 134 BMW 328i conv. 2009-2012 6 AT 230 3.0 L 6 21 7.8 134
Acura MDX 2010-2013 6 AT 300 3.7 L V6 18 7.3 126 BMW 328i 2009-2011 6 AT 230 3.0 L 6 23 6.9 130
Acura MDX Tech 2014-2015 6 AT 290 3.5 L V6 20 7.2 136 BMW 328i 2012-2016 8 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 28 6.3 132
Acura MDX Tech 2016-2018 9 AT 290 3.5 L V6 21 6.8 135 BMW 335d 2009-2011 6 AT 265 3.0 L 6 28 6.7 134
TD
Acura RDX 2009-2012 5 AT 240 2.3 L 4 T 18 7.4 133
BMW 328d xDrive 2014-2018 8 AT 180 2.0 L 4 35 8.5 132
Acura RDX 2013-2018 6 AT 273 3.5 L V6 22 6.6 132 TD
Acura RL 2009-2012 5 AT 300 3.7 L V6 19 6.9 131 BMW 330i xDrive 2017-2018 8 AT 248 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.9 129
Acura RLX Tech 2014-2018 6 AT 310 3.5 L V6 23 6.5 128 BMW 535i 2009-2010 6 AT 300 3.0 L 6 T 22 5.8 138
Acura TL 2009-2011 5 AT 280 3.5 L V6 23 6.8 128 BMW 535i 2011-2016 8 AT 300 3.0 L 6 T 23 6.1 137
BMW 530i xDrive 2017-2018 8 AT 248 2.0 L 4 T 26 7.2 130
Acura TL 2012-2014 6 AT 280 3.5 L V6 24 6.8 131
BMW 650i 2009-2010 6 AT 360 4.8 L V8 19 5.6 122
Acura TLX (4-cyl.) 2015-2018 seq 8 206 2.4 L 4 27 7.4 129
BMW 750Li 2009-2012 6 AT 400 4.4 L 18 5.7 126
Acura TLX (V6) 2015-2018 9 AT 290 3.5 L V6 25 6.5 129 V8 T
Acura TSX 2009-2014 5 AT 201 2.4 L 4 25 8.3 138 BMW 750i xDrive 2016-2018 8 AT 445 4.4 L 21 5.3 131
V8 T
Alfa Romeo
Giulia Ti 2017-2018 8 AT 280 2.0 L 4 T 27 6.7 136 1.3 L 2
BMW i3 Giga 2014-2018 1D 170 +E 139* 7.5 131
Audi A3 2.0T 2009-2014 seq 6 200 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.3 134
BMW X1 xDrive28i 2013-2015 8 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 23 6.8 133
Audi A3 (1.8T) 2015-2016 seq 6 170 1.8 L 4 T 27 8.3 124
BMW X1 xDrive28i 2016-2018 8 AT 228 2.0 L 26 7.9 134
Audi A4 2.0T 2009-2010 6 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 22 7.3 128 4T
Audi A4 Premium 2011-2016 8 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.2 140 BMW X3 3.0si 2009-2010 6 AT 260 3.0 L 6 19 7.9 129
Audi A4 Premium BMW X3 xDrive28i 2011-2012 8 AT 240 3.0 L 6 22 7.2 134
2017-2018 seq 7 252 2.0 L 4 T 27 6.3 135
Plus
BMW X3 xDrive28i 2013-2017 8 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.3 130
Audi A5 Premium
Plus conv. 2010 6 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.0 134 2.0 L
BMW X3 xDrive30i 2018 8 AT 248 24 7.7 128
4T
Audi A6 3.0T 2009-2011 6 AT 300 3.0 L V6 20 5.7 133
Premium SC BMW X5 3.0si 2009-2010 6 AT 260 3.0 L 6 17 8.6 130
Audi A6 Premium 3.0 L V6 BMW X5 xDrive35d 2009-2013 6 AT 265 3.0 L 6 22 8.3 130
Plus 2012-2018 8 AT 310 SC 22 5.7 132 TD
3.0 L V6 BMW X5 xDrive35i 2011-2013 8 AT 300 3.0 L 6 T 18 7.0 131
Audi A7 3.0 TDI 2015 8 AT 240 28 6.6 129 Prem.
TD
Audi A8 L 2009-2010 6 AT 330 4.2 L V8 17 7.6 131 BMW X5 xDrive35i 2014-2018 8 AT 300 3.0 L 6 T 21 7.4 137
Audi A8 L 2011-2012 8 AT 372 4.2 L V8 21 5.5 126 BMW Z4 sDrive28i 2012-2016 6 MT 240 2.0 L 4 T 28 6.1 122
Audi Allroad Buick Cascada 2016-2018 6 AT 200 1.6 L 4 T 22 8.9 134
Premium 2013-2016 8 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.1 131 Premium
Audi Q3 2015-2018 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.4 132 Buick Encore 2013-2018 6 AT 138 1.4 L 4 T 23 11.0 127
(Leather)
Audi Q5 2009-2011 6 AT 270 3.2 L V6 19 7.1 130 Buick Enclave CXL 2009-2017 6 AT 288 3.6 L V6 15 7.9 142
Audi Q5 Premium 2012-2017 8 AT 211 2.0 L 4 T 21 7.9 130 Buick Enclave
Plus 2018 9 AT 310 3.6 L V6 18 7.4 130
Premium
Audi Q5 Premium 2018 seq 7 252 2.0 L 4 T 24 6.8 130 Buick Envision
Plus Premium 2016-2018 6 AT 252 2.0 L 4 T 21 7.9 128
Audi Q7 3.6 2009-2010 6 AT 280 3.6 L V6 17 8.9 140 Buick LaCrosse CXL 2009 4 AT 200 3.8 L V6 18 9.0 146
Audi Q7 4.2 2009-2010 6 AT 350 4.2 L V8 15 8.2 138 Buick LaCrosse CXS 2010-2016 6 AT 280 3.6 L V6 20 7.2 137
Audi Q7 Premium 2017-2018 8 AT 333 3.0 L V6 20 6.7 127 Buick LaCrosse CX 2010-2011 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 23 10.2 132
Plus SC
Audi TT Premium Buick LaCrosse 2012-2016 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 26 9.2 130
2011-2015 seq 6 211 2.0 L 4 T 25 6.7 120 Leather
Plus
Buick LaCrosse 2017-2018 9 AT 310 3.6 L V6 24 6.3 127
Audi TT 2.0T 2016-2018 seq 6 220 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.3 113 Essence

Ratings 2009-2018 CR Fuel-Economy and Road-Test Data
Range Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s overall
CR’s overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Buick Lucerne CXS 2009-2011 4 AT 275 4.6 L V8 17 7.5 143 Chevrolet Equinox 2010-2017 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 21 10.7 138
1LT
Buick Regal CXL 2011-2012 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 23 9.9 131
Chevrolet Equinox 2010-2012 6 AT 264 3.0 L V6 18 9.1 134
Buick Regal CXL 2LT
turbo 2011-2013 6 AT 220 2.0 L 4 T 23 8.3 134
Chevrolet Equinox 2013-2017 6 AT 292 3.6 L V6 18 7.1 138
Buick Regal LTZ
Premium I 2014-2017 6 AT 259 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.4 125
Chevrolet Equinox 2018 6 AT 170 1.5 L 4 T 25 9.6 132
Buick Regal LT
Essence (AWD) 2018 8 AT 250 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.0 125
Chevrolet Equinox 2018 6 AT 137 1.6 L 4 31 10.1 135
Buick Verano LT TD
Leather 2012-2017 6 AT 180 2.4 L 4 24 8.5 129
Chevrolet HHR LT 2009-2011 4 AT 172 2.4 L 4 24 9.1 143
Cadillac ATS Luxury 2013-2015 6 AT 272 2.0 L 4 T 23 6.5 125
Chevrolet Impala 2009 4 AT 242 3.9 L V6 20 7.8 141
Cadillac CT6 Luxury 2016-2018 8 AT 335 3.6 L V6 22 6.5 125 3LT
Cadillac CTS 3.6 2009 6 AT 263 3.6 L V6 19 6.8 131 Chevrolet Impala LT 2010-2011 4 AT 211 3.5 L V6 20 9.5 135
Cadillac CTS Chevrolet Impala LT 2012-2013 6 AT 302 3.6 L V6 22 7.2 137
Premium 2010-2013 6 AT 304 3.6 L V6 19 6.8 129
Chevrolet Impala 2014-2018 6 AT 305 3.6 L V6 22 6.9 130
Cadillac CTS Luxury 2LTZ
2014-2015 6 AT 321 3.6 L V6 21 6.8 127
(AWD) Chevrolet Malibu
LTZ 2009-2012 6 AT 252 3.6 L V6 20 6.5 129
Cadillac CTS Luxury 2016-2018 8 AT 335 3.6 L V6 22 6.5 127
(AWD) Chevrolet Malibu
Hybrid 2009-2010 4 AT 164 2.4 L 4 27 10.3 131
Cadillac DTS
Luxury II 2009-2011 4 AT 275 4.6 L V8 17 7.6 145
Chevrolet Malibu LT 2009-2012 6 AT 169 2.4 L 4 25 9.4 138
Cadillac Escalade 2009-2014 6 AT 403 6.2 L V8 13 7.5 158
(base) Chevrolet Malibu 2013 6 AT 182 2.4 L 4 29 8.6 132
Eco
Cadillac Escalade 2015-2018 8 AT 420 6.2 L V8 16 6.1 142
Luxury Chevrolet Malibu 2013-2015 6 AT 197 2.5 L 4 26 8.1 135
1LT
Cadillac SRX V6 2009 5 AT 255 3.6 L V6 16 8.3 138 Chevrolet Malibu
2LTZ 2013-2015 6 AT 259 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.0 128
Cadillac SRX Luxury 2010-2011 6 AT 265 3.0 L V6 17 8.6 126
Chevrolet Malibu LT 2016-2018 6 AT 160 1.5 L 4 T 29 8.4 130
Cadillac SRX Luxury 2012-2016 6 AT 308 3.6 L V6 18 7.1 135
Chevrolet Malibu 2016-2018 CVT 182 1.8 L 4 41 8.0 135
Cadillac STS Luxury 2009-2011 6 AT 302 3.6 L V6 18 6.4 133 Hybrid
Cadillac XLR (base) 2009 5 AT 320 4.6 L V8 17 6.4 133 Chevrolet Silverado 2009-2013 6 AT 315 5.3 L V8 14 7.9 150
1500 LT
Cadillac XT5 Luxury 2017-2018 8 AT 310 3.6 L V6 20 7.1 132
Chevrolet Silverado 2014-2018 6 AT 355 5.3 L V8 16 7.5 138
Cadillac XTS 2013-2018 6 AT 304 3.6 L V6 22 7.2 128 1500 LT
Premium
Chevrolet 2009-2013 6 AT 320 5.3 L V8 14 8.9 146 2500HD LTZ TD
Avalanche LT
Chevrolet Aveo5 LT 2009-2011 4 AT 106 1.6 L 4 26 11.7 138 2500HD LTZ TD
Chevrolet Aveo LT 2009-2011 4 AT 103 1.6 L 4 25 11.6 133 Chevrolet Silverado 2016-2018 6 AT 397 6.6 L V8 14 8.2 157
2500HD LTZ TD
Chevrolet Bolt 2017-2018 1D 200 electric 119* 6.8 138
Premier Chevrolet Sonic LTZ 2012-2016 6 MT 138 1.4 L 4 T 30 8.9 130
hatch.
Chevrolet Camaro
2LT 2010-2015 6 MT 304 3.6 L V6 21 6.6 133 Chevrolet Sonic LT 2012-2018 6 AT 138 1.8 L 4 28 9.3 128
sedan
Chevrolet Camaro 2010-2015 6 MT 426 6.2 L V8 18 5.1 129
2SS coupe Chevrolet Spark
1LT 2013 4 AT 83 1.2 L 4 32 13.0 138
Chevrolet Camaro
2SS conv. 2011-2015 6 AT 400 6.2 L V8 17 5.6 117 Chevrolet Spark 2014-2015 CVT 84 1.2 L 4 31 12.8 128
1LT
Chevrolet Camaro 2016-2018 6 MT 455 6.2 L V8 20 4.4 112
2SS coupe Chevrolet Spark
1LT 2016-2018 CVT 98 1.4 L 4 33 12.0 129
Chevrolet Cobalt LT 2009-2010 4 AT 148 2.2 L 4 24 9.3 141
Chevrolet SS 2014-2016 6 AT 415 6.2 L V8 17 5.1 118
Chevrolet Cobalt SS 2009-2010 5 MT 260 2.0 L 4 T 22 6.4 127 Chevrolet Suburban
LT 2009-2014 6 AT 320 5.3 L V8 14 8.4 147
Chevrolet Colorado
LS 2009-2012 4 AT 220 3.5 L 5 16 9.6 156
Chevrolet Suburban 2015-2018 6 AT 355 5.3 L V8 16 7.9 139
Chevrolet Colorado LTZ
2015-2018 6 AT 305 3.6 L V6 18 7.5 132
(V6) Chevrolet Tahoe
LTZ 2009-2014 6 AT 320 5.3 L V8 14 8.4 144
Chevrolet Colorado 2016-2018 6 AT 181 2.8 L 4 24 10.3 134
(diesel) TD Chevrolet Tahoe LT 2015-2018 6 AT 355 5.3 L V8 16 7.7 136
Chevrolet Corvette 2009-2013 6 MT 505 7.0 L V8 19 4.3 121 Chevrolet Tahoe
Z06 Hybrid 2009-2013 CVT 332 6.0 L V8 19 9.6 156
Chevrolet Corvette 2014-2018 7 MT 460 6.2 L V8 20 4.3 107 Chevrolet TrailBlazer
Stingray 3LT LT 2009 4 AT 291 4.2 L 6 15 9.1 152
Chevrolet Cruze 1LT 2011-2015 6 AT 138 1.4 L 4 T 26 9.8 139 Chevrolet Traverse
LT 2009-2017 6 AT 281 3.6 L V6 16 7.9 141
Chevrolet Cruze LS 2011-2015 6 AT 138 1.8 L 4 26 10.5 139
Chevrolet Traverse 2018 9 AT 310 3.6 L V6 20 7.3 130
Chevrolet Cruze Eco 2012-2015 6 AT 138 1.4 L 4 T 27 10.0 131 LT
Chevrolet Cruze LT 2016-2018 6 AT 153 1.4 L 4 T 30 8.5 125 Chevrolet Trax 2015-2018 6 AT 138 1.4 L 4 T 25 10.8 130
Chevrolet Cruze 2014-2015 6 AT 151 2.0 L 4 33 9.7 134 1.4 L 4
Diesel TD Chevrolet Volt 2011-2015 1D 150 +E 61** 9.4 136
Chevrolet Cruze 2017-2018 9 AT 137 1.6 L 4 41 9.1 132 1.5 L 4
Diesel TD Chevrolet Volt LT 2016-2018 1D 149 105* 8.0 133
+E
Chevrolet Equinox LT 2009 5 AT 185 3.4 L V6 18 9.1 146 Chrysler 200 Limited 2011-2014 6 AT 283 3.6 L V6 21 6.8 140

Range Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s overall
CR’s overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Chrysler 200 C 2015-2017 9 AT 295 3.6 L V6 25 6.9 138 Fiat 500c Pop 2012-2017 5 MT 101 1.4 L 4 34 11.0 129
Chrysler 200 2015-2017 9 AT 184 2.4 L 4 30 9.8 130 Fiat 500 Abarth 2013-2018 5 MT 160 1.4 L 4 T 28 8.0 125
Limited
Fiat 500L Easy 2014-2018 seq 6 160 1.4 L 4 T 27 9.5 132
Chrysler 300 2009-2010 4 AT 250 3.5 L V6 19 8.1 136
Touring Fiat 500X Pop 2016-2018 9 AT 180 2.4 L 4 23 9.8 130
Chrysler 300 2012-2018 8 AT 292 3.6 L V6 22 7.4 137 2.0 L 4
Limited Ford C-MAX Energi 2013-2017 CVT 195 47** 8.1 136
+E
Chrysler 300 C 2009-2010 5 AT 340 5.7 L V8 16 6.4 133 Ford C-MAX Hybrid 2013-2018 CVT 188 2.0 L 4 37 8.4 138
Chrysler 300 C 2011-2014 5 AT 363 5.7 L V8 18 6.2 134 Ford Edge SEL 2009-2010 6 AT 265 3.5 L V6 16 8.3 147
Chrysler 300 C 2015-2018 8 AT 363 5.7 L V8 20 6.1 134 Ford Edge SEL 2011-2014 6 AT 285 3.5 L V6 18 8.1 134
Chrysler Pacifica 2017-2018 9 AT 287 3.6 L V6 21 8.0 136 Ford Edge SEL
Touring L 2012-2014 6 AT 247 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.9 132
(FWD)
Chrysler Pacifica 2017-2018 CVT 248 3.6 L V6 27 8.3 145 Ford Edge (2.0T) 2015-2018 6 AT 245 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.8 132
Hybrid Plat.
Ford Escape XLT 2009-2012 6 AT 240 3.0 L V6 19 7.9 141
Chrysler Sebring Ltd. 2009-2010 6 AT 235 3.5 L V6 19 8.0 145
conv. Ford Escape XLT 2009-2012 6 AT 171 2.5 L 4 21 10.0 141
Chrysler Sebring 2009 4 AT 189 2.7 L V6 21 8.9 144 Ford Escape SE 2013-2016 6 AT 173 1.6 L 4 T 22 9.9 133
Touring
Ford Escape 2013-2016 6 AT 231 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.2 134
Chrysler Sebring 2009-2010 4 AT 173 2.4 L 4 23 10.2 145 Titanium
Touring
Ford Escape SE 2017-2018 6 AT 179 1.5 L 4 T 23 10.1 132
Chrysler T & C Ltd. 2009-2010 6 AT 251 4.0 L V6 17 8.8 149
Chrysler T & C Ford Expedition EL 2009-2014 6 AT 300 5.4 L V8 13 9.1 154
2011-2016 6 AT 283 3.6 L V6 17 8.1 141
Tour.-L 3.5 L
Ford Expedition EL 2015-2017 6 AT 365 V6 T 14 7.2 136
Dodge Avenger R/T 2009-2010 6 AT 235 3.5 L V6 20 7.7 140
Ford Expedition 2018 10 AT 375 3.5 L 16 7.3 143
Dodge Avenger 2011-2013 6 AT 173 2.4 L 4 21 10.3 143 MAX Limited V6 T
Mainstreet
Dodge Caliber Ford Explorer XLT 2009-2010 5 AT 210 4.0 L V6 15 9.7 152
SRT4 2009 6 MT 285 2.4 L 4 T 25 6.7 137
Ford Explorer
Eddie Bauer 2009-2010 6 AT 292 4.6 L V8 14 8.3 154
Dodge Caliber SXT 2009-2012 CVT 158 2.4 L 4 24 10.5 149
Dodge Challenger Ford Explorer XLT 2011-2018 6 AT 290 3.5 L V6 18 7.9 135
R/T 2009-2010 6 MT 370 5.7 L V8 18 5.9 142
Ford Explorer Sport 2009 5 AT 210 4.0 L V6 14 10.6 146
Dodge Challenger Trac XLT
2011-2014 6 MT 376 5.7 L V8 19 6.5 130
R/T Ford F-150 XLT (V8) 2009-2010 6 AT 310 5.4 L V8 14 8.2 138
Dodge Challenger 2015-2018 6 MT 375 5.7 L V8 20 5.5 119 Ford F-150 XLT (V8) 2011-2014 6 AT 360 5.0 L V8 15 7.8 142
R/T Plus
Ford F-150 XLT 2011-2014 6 AT 365 3.5 L 15 7.7 142
Dodge Charger SXT 2009-2010 5 AT 250 3.5 L V6 19 8.2 131 (3.5T) V6 T
Dodge Charger 2011-2012 5 AT 292 3.6 L V6 21 7.5 134 Ford F-150 XLT 3.5 L
(base) (3.5T) 2015-2017 6 AT 365 V6 T 16 7.2 139
Dodge Charger 2012-2018 8 AT 292 3.6 L V6 22 7.4 134 Ford F-150 XLT 2.7 L
SXT Plus (2.7T) 2015-2017 6 AT 325 V6 T 17 7.0 137
Dodge Charger R/T 2009-2010 5 AT 340 5.7 L V8 17 6.0 131 Ford F-150 XLT 2.7 L
(2.7T) 2018 10 AT 325 V6 T 19 6.8 145
Dodge Charger (V8) 2015-2018 8 AT 370 5.7 L V8 20 6.1 128
Ford F-250 Lariat 2009 5 AT 350 6.4 L V8 10 9.8 159
Dodge Dakota SLT 2009-2011 5 AT 230 4.7 L V8 14 9.0 145 TD
Dodge Dart Rallye 2013 6 seq 160 1.4 L 4 T 29 8.6 131 Ford F-250 Lariat 2011-2016 6 AT 400 6.7 L V8 16 8.7 157
TD
Dodge Dart SXT 2013 6 AT 160 2.0 L 4 27 11.0 127
Ford F-250 Lariat 2017-2018 6 AT 450 6.7-L V8 15 8.1 155
Dodge Dart SXT 2014-2016 6 AT 184 2.4 L 4 27 9.3 127 TD
Dodge Durango Ford Fiesta SES
2009 5 AT 335 5.7 L V8 13 7.4 144 hatch. 2011-2018 5 MT 120 1.6 L 4 32 10.7 134
(V8)
Dodge Durango Ford Fiesta SE 2011-2018 seq 6 120 1.6 L 4 33 10.9 142
(V8) 2011-2013 5 AT 360 5.7 L V8 14 8.1 140 sedan
Dodge Durango Ford Fiesta SE
2011-2013 5 AT 290 3.6 L V6 17 9.4 144 (1.0T) 2014-2017 5 MT 123 1.0 L 3 T 35 9.0 125
(V6)
Dodge Durango Ford Fiesta ST 2014-2018 6 MT 197 1.6 L 4 T 29 7.3 118
(V6) 2014-2018 8 AT 290 3.6 L V6 18 8.3 134
Ford Flex SEL 2009-2012 6 AT 262 3.5 L V6 17 9.0 144
Dodge Grand 2009-2010 6 AT 197 3.8 L V6 16 10.3 154
Caravan SXT 3.5 L
Ford Flex Limited 2010-2012 6 AT 355 V6 T 17 6.5 140
Dodge Grand 2011-2018 6 AT 283 3.6 L V6 17 8.1 141
Caravan Ford Flex SEL 2013-2018 6 AT 287 3.5 L V6 18 8.5 141
Dodge Journey SXT 2009-2010 6 AT 235 3.5 L V6 16 8.8 139 Ford Focus SES 2009-2011 4 AT 132 2.0 L 4 26 10.1 137
Dodge Journey Lux 2011-2018 6 AT 283 3.6 L V6 16 8.1 139 Ford Focus SES 2009-2011 5 MT 132 2.0 L 4 29 9.0 137
Dodge Nitro SLT 2009-2011 4 AT 210 3.7 L V6 16 9.1 142 Ford Focus SE 2012-2015 seq 6 160 2.0 L 4 28 9.2 141
Dodge Ram 1500 2009-2011 5 AT 390 5.7 L V8 14 7.6 137 Ford Focus SE 2016-2018 seq 6 160 2.0 L 4 29 9.8 128
SLT
Ford Focus SE (1.0T) 2016-2018 6 AT 123 1.0 L 3 T 29 11.0 128
Dodge Ram 2500 2009 6 AT 350 6.7 L 6 13 9.1 176
Laramie TD Ford Focus SE SFE 2012-2014 seq 6 159 2.0 L 4 31 8.5 129
Dodge Ram 2500 2010-2012 6 AT 350 6.7 L 6 13 9.6 149 Ford Focus SEL
Laramie TD hatch. 2012-2015 seq 6 160 2.0 L 4 28 9.3 137
Fiat 124 Lusso 2017-2018 6 MT 160 1.4 L 4 T 31 7.1 121 Ford Focus Electric 2012-2018 1D 143 electric 107* 10.2 140
Fiat 500 Sport 2012-2017 5 MT 101 1.4 L 4 33 11.3 134 Ford Focus ST 2013-2018 6 MT 252 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.6 122

Range Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s overall
CR’s overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Ford Fusion SEL 2009 6 AT 221 3.0 L V6 20 8.0 136 Honda Civic Si 2017-2018 6 MT 205 1.5 L 4 T 34 7.3 131
Ford Fusion (AWD) 2010-2012 6 AT 240 3.0 L V6 20 8.6 143 Honda Crosstour 2010-2012 5 AT 271 3.5 L V6 20 7.4 139
EX-L
Ford Fusion (FWD) 2010-2012 6 AT 240 3.0 L V6 22 7.8 143
Honda Crosstour 2013-2015 6 AT 278 3.5 L V6 21 7.0 143
Ford Fusion SE 2010-2012 6 AT 175 2.5 L 4 24 9.6 141 EX-L
Ford Fusion SE Honda CR-V EX 2009 5 AT 166 2.4 L 4 21 10.6 135
(1.6T) 2013 6 AT 173 1.6 L 4 T 25 8.9 129
Honda CR-V EX 2010-2011 5 AT 180 2.4 L 4 21 9.1 130
Ford Fusion SE 2014-2018 6 AT 181 1.5 L 4 T 24 9.2 125
(1.5T) Honda CR-V EX 2012-2014 5 AT 185 2.4 L 4 23 9.2 128
Ford Fusion 2013-2018 6 AT 231 2.0 L 4 T 22 7.4 130 Honda CR-V EX 2015-2016 CVT 185 2.4 L 4 24 9.0 134
Titanium
Honda CR-V EX-T 2017-2018 CVT 190 1.5 L 4 T 28 8.2 137
Ford Fusion Hybrid 2010-2012 CVT 191 2.5 L 4 34 8.9 142
Honda CR-V LX 2017-2018 CVT 184 2.4 L 4 27 8.6 133
Ford Fusion Hybrid 2013-2018 CVT 188 2.0 L 4 39 8.3 140
Honda CR-Z EX 2011-2015 6 MT 122 1.5 L 4 35 9.3 139
Ford Mustang Prem. 2009 5 AT 210 4.0 L V6 20 7.5 139
conv. Honda Element EX 2009-2011 5 AT 166 2.4 L 4 21 10.4 140
Ford Mustang Prem. 2011-2014 6 MT 305 3.7 L V6 24 6.2 134 Honda Fit (base) 2009-2013 5 AT 118 1.5 L 4 30 10.7 132
Ford Mustang GT 2009 5 MT 300 4.6 L V8 20 5.5 131 Honda Fit Sport 2009-2013 5 MT 118 1.5 L 4 33 9.2 136
Prem.
Honda Fit EX 2015-2018 CVT 130 1.5 L 4 33 10.0 132
Ford Mustang GT 2010 5 MT 315 4.6 L V8 20 5.7 135
Prem. Honda HR-V LX 2016-2018 CVT 141 1.8 L 4 29 10.5 132
Ford Mustang GT Honda Insight EX 2010-2014 CVT 98 1.3 L 4 38 11.8 136
Prem. conv. 2011-2014 6 AT 402 5.0 L V8 23 5.5 134
Ford Mustang GT Honda Odyssey EX 2009-2010 5 AT 255 3.5 L V6 19 8.6 136
Prem. 2011-2014 6 MT 402 5.0 L V8 22 5.1 129
Honda Odyssey 2011-2013 5 AT 248 3.5 L V6 19 8.7 143
Ford Mustang GT EX-L
Prem. 2015-2018 6 MT 435 5.0 L V8 19 4.9 121
Honda Odyssey 2014-2017 6 AT 248 3.5 L V6 21 8.4 136
Ford Mustang EX-L
(2.3 T) 2015-2018 6 AT 310 2.3 L 4 T 25 6.4 125
Honda Odyssey 2018 9 AT 280 3.5 L V6 22 8.1 136
EX-L
Ford Ranger Sport 2009-2011 5 AT 207 4.0 L V6 16 9.2 151
Honda Pilot EX-L 2009-2011 5 AT 250 3.5 L V6 18 9.1 149
Ford Taurus Limited 2009 6 AT 263 3.5 L V6 18 7.9 138
Ford Taurus Limited 2010-2012 6 AT 263 3.5 L V6 19 7.9 139
Ford Taurus Limited 2013-2018 6 AT 288 3.5 L V6 21 7.2 135
Honda Ridgeline 2009-2014 5 AT 247 3.5 L V6 15 8.6 149
Ford Taurus X 2009 6 AT 263 3.5 L V6 16 8.5 147 RTS
Limited
Honda Ridgeline
Ford Transit RTL 2017-2018 6 AT 280 3.5 L V6 20 7.3 134
2014-2018 6 AT 169 2.5 L 4 21 10.9 132
Connect XLT
Honda S2000 2009 6 MT 240 2.2 L 4 25 5.8 126
Genesis G80 3.8 2017-2018 8 AT 311 3.8 L V6 20 7.2 129
Hyundai Accent 2009-2011 4 AT 110 1.6 L 4 28 12.5 134
3.3 L GLS
Genesis G90 (3.3T) 2017-2018 8 AT 365 V6 T 18 6.0 130
Hyundai Accent 2012-2017 6 AT 138 1.6 L 4 31 10.3 134
GMC Acadia Denali 2017-2018 6 AT 310 3.6 L V6 19 6.8 130 GLS
GMC Terrain SLE 2018 9 AT 252 2.0 L 4 T 22 7.2 128 Hyundai Accent SEL 2018 6 AT 130 1.6 L 4 33 9.9 128
Honda Accord Hyundai Accent GS 2009-2011 5 MT 110 1.6 L 4 30 9.5 153
2014-2015 1D 196 2.0 L 4 40 7.7 137 hatch.
Hybrid
Honda Accord Hyundai Accent SE
2018 CVT 212 2.0 L 4 47 7.4 139 hatch. 2012-2016 6 MT 138 1.6 L 4 32 8.5 136
Hybrid
Honda Accord EX-L 2009-2012 5 AT 268 3.5 L V6 21 7.4 137 Hyundai Azera 2009-2011 5 AT 263 3.8 L V6 20 7.2 140
Limited
Honda Accord EX-L 2013-2017 6 AT 278 3.5 L V6 26 6.3 139
Hyundai Azera 3.3L 2012-2017 6 AT 293 3.3 L V6 23 7.2 132
Honda Accord LX-P 2009-2010 5 AT 177 2.4 L 4 23 9.8 140 Hyundai Elantra
GLS 2009-2010 4 AT 138 2.0 L 4 27 10.4 138
Honda Accord LX-P 2009-2010 5 MT 177 2.4 L 4 26 8.4 140
Honda Accord LX-P 2011-2012 5 AT 177 2.4 L 4 25 9.2 145 Hyundai Elantra SE 2009-2010 4 AT 132 2.0 L 4 27 10.4 125
Hyundai Elantra 29
Honda Accord LX 2013-2017 CVT 185 2.4 L 4 30 7.7 136 GLS
2011-2016 6 AT 148 1.8 L 4 9.5 136
Honda Accord EX 2018 CVT 192 1.5 L 4 T 31 7.7 135 Hyundai Elantra
SEL 2017-2018 6 AT 147 2.0 L 4 33 9.9 133
Honda Civic EX 2009-2011 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 28 10.1 136
Hyundai Elantra 2009-2012 4 AT 138 2.0 L 4 26 10.6 127
Honda Civic EX 2009-2011 5 MT 140 1.8 L 4 31 8.6 136 Touring
Honda Civic EX 2012 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 29 10.1 137 Hyundai Elantra GT 2013-2015 6 AT 148 1.8 L 4 27 9.8 134
Honda Civic EX 2013 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 29 9.7 136 Hyundai Elantra GT 2018 6 AT 161 2.0 L 4 28 8.7 127
Honda Civic EX 2014-2015 CVT 143 1.8 L 4 30 9.6 128 Hyundai Equus
Signature 2011 6 AT 385 4.6 L V8 19 6.5 140
Honda Civic EX-T 2016-2018 CVT 174 1.5 L 4 T 31 7.1 129
Hyundai Genesis 2010-2011 6 MT 306 3.8 L V6 23 6.2 138
Honda Civic HF 2012-2013 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 33 9.7 145 Coupe Gr. Tour.
Honda Civic Hybrid 2009-2011 CVT 110 1.3 L 4 37 11.7 137 Hyundai Genesis 2009-2011 6 AT 378 4.6 L V8 20 6.2 136
(sedan)
Honda Civic Hybrid 2012-2015 CVT 110 1.5 L 4 40 10.9 145
Hyundai Genesis
Honda Civic LX 2012-2013 5 AT 140 1.8 L 4 30 9.9 143 (sedan) 2009-2011 6 AT 290 3.8 L V6 21 6.3 125
Honda Civic LX 2016-2018 CVT 158 2.0 L 4 32 8.7 129 Hyundai Genesis 2012-2014 8 AT 333 3.8 L V6 22 6.4 135
(sedan)
Honda Civic Si 2009-2011 6 MT 197 2.0 L 4 27 7.0 132
Hyundai Genesis 2015-2016 8 AT 311 3.8 L V6 20 7.2 129
Honda Civic Si 2012-2015 6 MT 201 2.4 L 4 29 7.1 139 (AWD)

Range Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s overall
CR’s overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Hyundai Ioniq SEL 2017-2018 seq 6 139 1.6 L 4 52 9.9 144 Jeep Cherokee
Limited 2014-2018 9 AT 271 3.2 L V6 21 7.7 133
Hyundai Santa Fe 2010-2012 6 AT 175 2.4 L 4 20 10.7 134
GLS Jeep Commander 2009 5 AT 330 5.7 L V8 13 7.3 148
Limited
Hyundai Santa Fe 2009 5 AT 242 3.3 L V6 18 8.5 131
Limited Jeep Compass 2009-2010 CVT 172 2.4 L 4 22 10.1 143
Hyundai Santa Fe Sport
Limited 2010-2012 6 AT 276 3.5 L V6 20 7.9 133
Jeep Compass
Latitude 2011-2013 CVT 172 2.4 L 4 22 10.3 145
Hyundai Santa Fe 2013-2018 6 AT 290 3.3 L V6 20 7.6 133
GLS Jeep Compass
Latitude 2017-2018 9 AT 180 2.4 L 4 24 9.8 137
Hyundai Santa Fe
Sport 2013-2018 6 AT 190 2.4 L 4 23 9.7 132
Jeep Grand 2009-2010 5 AT 305 4.7 L V8 15 7.6 139
Hyundai Sonata Cherokee Laredo
GLS 2009-2010 5 AT 175 2.4 L 4 26 9.8 137
Jeep Grand
Cherokee Ltd. 2011-2013 5 AT 360 5.7 L V8 14 7.9 138
Hyundai Sonata 2009-2010 5 AT 249 3.3 L V6 22 7.4 133
Limited Jeep Grand
Cherokee Laredo 2011-2013 5 AT 290 3.6 L V6 18 9.1 139
Hyundai Sonata 2011-2014 6 AT 198 2.4 L 4 27 8.2 134
GLS Jeep Grand
Cherokee Ltd. 2014-2018 8 AT 290 3.6 L V6 18 8.0 134
Hyundai Sonata
Limited 2011-2014 6 AT 274 2.0 L 4 T 25 6.6 136
Jeep Grand 3.0 L V6
Cherokee Ltd. 2014-2018 8 AT 240 TD 24 8.6 132
Hyundai Sonata SE 2015-2017 6 AT 185 2.4 L 4 28 9.2 139
Hyundai Sonata Jeep Liberty Sport 2009-2012 4 AT 210 3.7 L V6 16 9.2 150
SEL 2018 6 AT 185 2.4 L 4 28 8.3 129
Jeep Patriot Sport 2009-2010 CVT 172 2.4 L 4 22 9.6 142
Hyundai Sonata 2011-2015 6 AT 206 2.0 L 4 33 9.1 148 Jeep Patriot
Hybrid Latitude 2011-2013 CVT 172 2.4 L 4 21 10.3 141
Hyundai Sonata 2016-2018 6 AT 193 2.0 L 4 39 8.2 140 Jeep Renegade
Hybrid (2.4) 2015-2018 9 AT 180 2.4 L 4 24 9.9 130
Hyundai Tucson 2009 4 AT 173 2.7 L V6 18 10.1 132 Jeep Wrangler
GLS Unltd Sahara 2009-2011 4 AT 205 3.8 L V6 15 10.7 150
Hyundai Tucson 2010-2015 6 AT 170 2.4 L 4 22 9.7 129 Jeep Wrangler
GLS Unltd Sahara 2012-2017 5 AT 285 3.6 L V6 17 8.9 151
Hyundai Tucson SE 2016-2018 6 AT 164 2.0 L 4 24 11.0 129 Jeep Wrangler
Unltd Sahara 2018 8 AT 285 3.6 L V6 18 7.3 144
Hyundai Tucson
(1.6T) 2016-2018 seq 7 175 1.6 L 4 T 26 8.4 128
Kia Cadenza 2014-2016 6 AT 293 3.3 L V6 22 7.2 132
Hyundai Veloster 2012-2017 6 MT 138 1.6 L 4 31 9.2 131 Kia Cadenza 2017-2018 8 AT 290 3.3 L V6 24 7.0 127
Hyundai Veracruz SE 2009-2012 6 AT 260 3.8 L V6 17 8.6 138 Premium
Kia Forte EX hatch. 2011-2013 6 AT 156 2.0 L 4 26 9.8 141
Infiniti EX Journey 2009-2010 5 AT 297 3.5 L V6 18 6.7 130
Kia Forte Koup SX 2010-2013 6 MT 173 2.4 L 4 27 7.6 128
Infiniti FX35 2009-2012 7 AT 303 3.5 L V6 18 6.8 133
Kia Forte EX 2010 4 AT 156 2.0 L 4 28 10.3 137
Infiniti G25 Journey 2011-2012 7 AT 218 2.5 L V6 24 8.5 133
Kia Forte LX 2014-2016 6 AT 148 1.8 L 4 28 10.1 128
Infiniti G37 conv. 2009-2014 7 AT 325 3.7 L V6 20 6.0 135
Kia Forte LX 2017-2018 6 AT 147 2.0 L 4 33 10.1 128
Infiniti G37 Journey 2009-2014 7 AT 328 3.7 L V6 21 5.6 126
Kia Niro EX 2017-2018 seq 6 139 1.6 L 4 43 9.9 143
Infiniti JX 2013 CVT 265 3.5 L V6 19 8.3 137
Kia Optima EX 2009-2010 5 AT 194 2.7 L V6 22 9.1 139
Infiniti M35 2009-2010 5 AT 275 3.5 L V6 19 6.9 128
Kia Optima LX 2009-2010 5 AT 175 2.4 L 4 25 9.2 134
Infiniti M35 X 2009-2010 5 AT 280 3.5 L V6 18 7.0 122
Kia Optima LX 2011-2015 6 AT 200 2.4 L 4 25 8.6 143
Infiniti M37 2011-2013 7 AT 330 3.7 L V6 21 5.8 128
Kia Optima SX 2011-2015 6 AT 274 2.0 L 4 T 24 6.6 142
Infiniti M35h 2012-2013 7 AT 360 3.5 L V6 25 5.6 131
Kia Optima EX 2016-2018 6 AT 185 2.4 L 4 28 8.0 130
Infiniti Q70 2014-2018 7 AT 330 3.7 L V6 21 5.8 128
Kia Rio LX 2009-2011 4 AT 110 1.6 L 4 28 12.8 132
Infiniti Q70 Hybrid 2014-2018 7 AT 360 3.5 L V6 25 5.6 131
Kia Rio EX 2012-2017 6 AT 138 1.6 L 4 30 9.5 138
Infiniti Q50 2014-2015 7 AT 328 3.7 L V6 21 5.6 126
Premium (AWD) Kia Rio S 2018 6 AT 130 1.6 L 4 33 9.6 131
Infiniti Q50 3.0t 2016-2018 7 AT 300 3.0 L 22 5.7 126 Kia Rio5 SX hatch. 2009-2011 5 MT 110 1.6 L 4 30 10.0 152
Prem. (AWD) V6 T
Kia Rio EX hatch. 2012-2016 6 AT 138 1.6 L 4 29 9.9 136
Infiniti QX30
Premium 2017-2018 seq 7 208 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.1 122
Kia Rondo LX 2009 5 AT 182 2.7 L V6 21 9.6 140
Infiniti QX56 2011-2013 7 AT 400 5.6 L V8 15 6.9 139 Kia Sedona EX 2009-2010 5 AT 244 3.8 L V6 17 9.0 141
Infiniti QX60 2014-2018 CVT 265 3.5 L V6 19 8.3 137 Kia Sedona EX 2011-2012 6 AT 271 3.5 L V6 18 8.3 144
Infiniti QX80 2014-2018 7 AT 400 5.6 L V8 15 6.9 139 Kia Sedona EX 2015-2018 6 AT 276 3.3 L V6 20 8.0 133
Jaguar F-Pace 2017-2018 8 AT 340 3.0 L V6 20 6.0 129 Kia Sorento LX 2009 5 AT 242 3.3 L V6 17 8.0 138
Prestige SC
Kia Sorento EX 2011-2013 6 AT 276 3.5 L V6 20 7.6 136
Jaguar XF Luxury 2009-2010 6 AT 300 4.2 L V8 20 6.4 133
(V8) Kia Sorento LX 2011 6 AT 175 2.4 L 4 20 10.3 140
Jaguar XF 3.0 2013-2015 8 AT 340 3.0 L V6 21 5.7 130 Kia Sorento LX 2012-2013 6 AT 191 2.4 L 4 20 10.4 136
(AWD) SC
Kia Sorento EX 2014-2015 6 AT 290 3.3 L V6 20 7.6 135
Jaguar XF 3.0 2016-2018 8 AT 340 3.0 L V6 21 5.8 128
(AWD) SC Kia Sorento EX 2016-2018 6 AT 290 3.3 L V6 21 7.4 131
Jaguar XJ8 Vanden 2009 6 AT 294 4.2 L V8 19 7.1 133 Kia Soul Plus 2010-2011 4 AT 142 2.0 L 4 25 9.8 135
Plas
Kia Soul Plus 2012-2013 6 AT 164 2.0 L 4 26 8.6 149
Jaguar XJL 2011-2018 6 AT 385 5.0 L V8 19 5.5 138
Kia Soul Plus 2014-2018 6 AT 164 2.0 L 4 26 8.8 127
Jeep Cherokee 2014-2018 9 AT 184 2.4 L 4 22 10.9 138
Latitude Kia Sportage EX 2009-2010 4 AT 173 2.7 L V6 18 11.3 148

Range Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s overall
CR’s overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Kia Sportage LX 2011-2016 6 AT 176 2.4 L 4 22 10.3 137 Lincoln Navigator 2018 10 AT 411 3.5 L 16 6.2 144
(3.5T) V6 T
Kia Sportage SX 2012-2016 6 AT 260 2.0 L 4 T 21 7.1 135
Lincoln Town Car 2009-2010 4 AT 239 4.6 L V8 17 8.7 143
Kia Sportage LX 2017-2018 6 AT 181 2.4 L 4 23 9.6 128 Signature
Land Rover 3.0 L V6 Maserati Ghibli 2014-2018 8 AT 404 3.0 L 19 5.4 115
Discovery HSE 2017-2018 8 AT 340 SC 17 7.3 138 S Q4 V6 T
Land Rover 2015-2018 9 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.6 136 Mazda2 Sport 2011-2014 5 MT 100 1.5 L 4 33 10.3 137
Discovery Sport
Mazda2 Touring 2011-2014 4 AT 100 1.5 L 4 30 11.1 138
Land Rover LR2 SE 2009-2013 6 AT 230 3.2 L 6 18 9.1 128
Mazda3 i 2009 5 MT 148 2.0 L 4 30 8.6 132
Land Rover LR3 SE 2009 6 AT 300 4.4 L V8 13 9.1 134
Mazda3 i 2009 4 AT 148 2.0 L 4 27 9.6 132
Land Rover LR4 2010-2013 6 AT 375 5.0 L V8 15 7.1 129
Mazda3 s 2009 5 AT 160 2.3 L 4 25 9.5 129
Range Rover Sport 2009 6 AT 300 4.4 L V8 14 9.4 131 Grand Touring
HSE
Range Rover Sport 3.0 L V6 Mazda3 s Sport 2010-2013 5 AT 167 2.5 L 4 25 8.3 132
2014-2018 8 AT 340 18 6.5 137
HSE SC Mazda3 i Touring 2010-2013 5 AT 148 2.0 L 4 28 9.4 145
3.0 L V6
Range Rover HSE 2014-2018 8 AT 340 SC 17 6.7 137 Mazda3 i Touring 2010-2013 5 MT 148 2.0 L 4 30 8.6 145
Lexus CT 200h 2011-2017 CVT 134 1.8 L 4 40 11.0 133 Mazda3 i Touring 2012-2013 6 AT 155 2.0 L 4 32 9.1 139
Lexus ES 350 2009-2012 6 AT 272 3.5 L V6 23 6.4 131 Mazda3 i Touring 2014-2018 6 AT 155 2.0 L 4 33 8.3 133
Lexus ES 350 2013-2018 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 25 6.7 139 Mazda3 i Gr. Tour. 2014-2018 6 MT 155 2.0 L 4 32 8.2 133
Lexus ES 300h 2013-2018 CVT 200 2.5 L 4 36 8.2 140 Mazdaspeed3
Gr. Tour. 2009 6 MT 263 2.3 L 4 T 24 6.8 123
Lexus GS 450h 2009-2011 CVT 340 3.5 L V6 23 5.9 136
Mazdaspeed3 Sport 2010-2013 6 MT 263 2.3 L 4 T 26 6.4 128
Lexus GS 350 2013-2018 6 AT 306 3.5 L V6 21 6.2 137
Mazda5 Gr. Tour. 2009-2010 5 AT 153 2.3 L 4 24 10.0 130
Lexus GX 470 2009 5 AT 235 4.7 L V8 15 8.0 135
Mazda5 Gr. Tour. 2012-2015 5 AT 157 2.5 L 4 23 9.6 139
Lexus GX 460 2010-2018 6 AT 301 4.6 L V8 17 7.5 136
Mazda6 i Sport 2009-2013 5 AT 170 2.5 L 4 24 9.0 139
Lexus HS 250h 2010-2012 CVT 187 2.4 L 4 31 8.9 132
Lexus IS 250 conv. 2010-2013 6 AT 204 2.5 L V6 23 8.1 129 Mazda6 s Gr. Tour. 2009-2013 6 AT 272 3.7 L V6 20 6.8 133
Lexus IS 250 2009-2013 6 AT 204 2.5 L V6 24 7.7 131 Mazda6 Sport 2014-2017 6 AT 184 2.5 L 4 32 7.5 132
Lexus IS 250 (AWD) 2014-2015 6 AT 204 2.5 L V6 21 8.7 138 Mazda6 Touring 2018 6 AT 187 2.5 L 4 28 9.2 133
Lexus IS 300 (AWD) 2016-2018 6 AT 255 3.5 L V6 20 6.5 139 Mazda CX-3 2016-2018 6 AT 146 2.0 L 4 28 9.6 135
Touring
Lexus LS 460L 2009-2017 8 AT 380 4.6 L V8 21 6.2 140 Mazda CX-5
Touring 2013-2014 6 AT 155 2.0 L 4 25 10.0 133
3.5 L
Lexus LS 500 (AWD) 2018 10 AT 416 V6 T 20 6.0 136
Mazda CX-5 2014-2016 6 AT 184 2.5 L 4 25 8.0 133
Lexus NX Hybrid 2015-2018 CVT 194 2.5 L 4 29 8.9 136 Touring
Lexus NX (2.0T) 2015-2018 6 AT 235 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.5 132 Mazda CX-5 2017-2018 6 AT 187 2.5 L 4 24 8.6 133
Touring
Lexus RX 350 2009 5 AT 270 3.5 L V6 19 7.3 130 Mazda CX-7
Gr. Tour. 2009 6 AT 244 2.3 L 4 T 18 9.1 128
Lexus RX 350 2010-2015 6 AT 275 3.5 L V6 21 7.3 136
Mazda CX-9 2009-2015 6 AT 273 3.7 L V6 16 8.2 137
Lexus RX 350 2016-2018 8 AT 295 3.5 L V6 22 7.5 139 Gr. Tour.
Lexus RX 350L 2018 8 AT 295 3.5 L V6 20 7.7 136 Mazda CX-9
Touring 2016-2018 6 AT 227 2.5 L 4 T 22 7.9 139
Lexus RX 450h 2010-2015 CVT 295 3.5 L V6 26 7.7 135
Mazda MX-5 Miata 2009 6 MT 170 2.0 L 4 27 6.7 121
Lexus RX 450h 2016-2018 CVT 308 3.5 L V6 29 7.5 138 Gr. Tour.
Lexus SC 430 2009-2010 6 AT 288 4.3 L V8 21 6.5 127 Mazda MX-5 Miata
Gr. Tour. 2010-2015 6 MT 167 2.0 L 4 28 7.0 122
Lincoln Continental 2017-2018 6 AT 335 2.7 L 20 6.6 127
(2.7T) V6 T Mazda MX-5 Miata 2016-2018 6 MT 155 2.0 L 4 34 6.7 124
Club
Lincoln MKC 2015-2018 6 AT 285 2.3 L 4 T 19 7.8 125
Reserve (2.3T) Mercedes-Benz 2009-2011 7 AT 228 3.0 L V6 21 6.8 129
C300
Lincoln MKS 2009-2010 6 AT 273 3.7 L V6 20 7.4 137
Mercedes-Benz 2012-2014 7 AT 201 1.8 L 4 T 24 7.6 131
Lincoln MKS (AWD) 2010-2012 6 AT 355 3.5 L 18 6.0 139 C250
V6 T
Mercedes-Benz
Lincoln MKS 2013-2016 6 AT 304 3.7 L V6 20 7.1 137 C300 (AWD) 2015-2018 7 AT 241 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.8 136
3.5 L Mercedes-Benz 28
Lincoln MKT (3.5T) 2010-2012 6 AT 355 V6 T 18 6.4 137 CLA250 2014-2018 seq 7 208 2.0 L 4 T 6.6 124
Lincoln MKX 2009-2010 6 AT 265 3.5 L V6 16 8.2 149 Mercedes-Benz

E350 2009 7 AT 268 3.5 L V6 21 6.5 136
Lincoln MKX 2011-2015 6 AT 305 3.7 L V6 18 7.6 138
Mercedes-Benz 2010-2011 7 AT 268 3.5 L V6 19 6.8 139
Lincoln MKX (2.7T) 2016-2018 6 AT 335 2.7 L 18 7.2 128 E350
V6 T
Lincoln MKZ 2009 6 AT 263 3.5 L V6 20 6.9 134 E350
Lincoln MKZ 2010-2012 6 AT 263 3.5 L V6 20 7.3 142 Mercedes-Benz 2011-2013 7 AT 210 3.0 L V6 26 7.9 132
E350 BT TD
Lincoln MKZ (2.0T) 2013-2018 6 AT 231 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.4 124
Mercedes-Benz 2014-2016 7 AT 195 2.1 L 4 30 8.3 131
Lincoln MKZ Hybrid 2013-2018 CVT 188 2.0 L 4 34 9.2 129 E250 BT (AWD) TD
Lincoln Navigator Mercedes-Benz
Ultimate 2009-2014 6 AT 300 5.4 L V8 13 8.8 149 2017-2018 9 AT 241 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.1 128
E300 (AWD)
Lincoln Navigator 2015-2017 6 AT 380 3.5 L 15 7.0 136 Mercedes-Benz
(3.5T) V6 T GL450 2009-2012 7 AT 335 4.6 L V8 15 7.4 136

Range Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s overall
CR’s overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Mercedes-Benz 2009-2012 7 AT 210 3.0 L V6 19 9.8 137 Nissan Altima 2009-2011 CVT 198 2.5 L 4 32 7.6 136
GL BT TD Hybrid
Mercedes-Benz 2013-2016 7 AT 240 3.0 L V6 20 8.2 136 Nissan Altima 2009 CVT 270 3.5 L V6 23 6.4 136
GL BT TD 3.5 SE
Mercedes-Benz 2015-2018 seq 7 208 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.9 128 Nissan Altima 2010-2012 CVT 270 3.5 L V6 24 6.5 128
GLA250 3.5 SR
Mercedes-Benz 2010-2012 7 AT 268 3.5 L V6 18 7.0 131 Nissan Altima 2013-2018 CVT 270 3.5 L V6 24 6.3 133
GLK350 3.5 SL
Mercedes-Benz 2013-2015 7 AT 302 3.5 L V6 21 6.1 130 Nissan Armada LE 2009-2011 5 AT 317 5.6 L V8 13 7.2 132
GLK350
Nissan Armada 2012-2015 5 AT 317 5.6 L V8 13 7.2 142
Mercedes-Benz 2016-2018 9 AT 241 2.0 L 4 T 22 6.8 132 Platinum
GLC300
Nissan Armada 2017-2018 7 AT 390 5.6 L V8 14 6.7 133
Mercedes-Benz 2009-2011 7 AT 268 3.5 L V6 16 7.8 134 Platinum
ML350
Nissan Cube 1.8 S 2009-2014 CVT 122 1.8 L 4 28 10.0 149
ML350 Nissan Frontier LE 2009-2015 5 AT 261 4.0 L V6 15 7.9 142
Mercedes-Benz 2016-2018 7 AT 302 3.5 L V6 18 6.8 138 Nissan Juke SV 2011-2015 CVT 188 1.6 L 4 T 24 7.9 139
GLE350
Nissan Leaf SL 2011-2017 1D 107 electric 106* 10.3 136
S550 Nissan Leaf SL 2018 1D 147 electric 112* 8.0 141
Mercedes-Benz 2014-2018 7 AT 449 4.7 L 18 5.1 128 Nissan Maxima
S550 (AWD) V8 T 3.5 SV 2009-2014 CVT 290 3.5 L V6 22 6.2 128
Mercedes-Benz Nissan Maxima
SL550 2009-2012 7 AT 382 5.5 L V8 17 5.3 126 2016-2018 CVT 300 3.5 L V6 25 6.5 132
Platinum
Mercedes-Benz 2012-2016 6 MT 201 1.8 L 4 T 26 7.0 115 Nissan Murano SL 2009-2014 CVT 265 3.5 L V6 19 7.6 136
SLK250
Nissan Murano SL 2015-2018 CVT 260 3.5 L V6 21 7.7 131
Mini Cooper (base) 2009-2013 6 MT 118 1.6 L 4 33 9.1 125
Nissan Pathfinder 2009-2012 5 AT 270 4.0 L V6 15 8.0 143
Mini Cooper (1.5T) 2014-2018 6 AT 134 1.5 L 3 T 31 8.3 133 LE
Mini Cooper S 2009-2013 6 MT 172 1.6 L 4 T 30 7.2 137 Nissan Pathfinder 2013-2018 CVT 260 3.5 L V6 18 7.7 137
SL
Mini Cooper S 2014-2018 6 MT 189 2.0 L 4 T 30 7.2 130
Nissan Quest SE 2009 5 AT 235 3.5 L V6 18 8.4 141
Mini Cooper S conv. 2009-2014 6 MT 172 1.6 L 4 T 30 7.5 128
Nissan Quest SL 2011-2016 CVT 260 3.5 L V6 19 8.4 143
Mini Cooper Club- 2009-2013 6 AT 118 1.6 L 4 29 10.5 128
man (base) Nissan Rogue SL 2009-2013 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 22 8.9 137
Mini Cooper Nissan Rogue SV 2014-2018 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 24 9.5 134
Clubman (1.5T) 2016-2018 6 AT 134 1.5 L 3 T 28 10.5 129
Nissan Rogue 2017-2018 CVT 141 2.0 L 4 26 10.3 134
Mini Cooper Sport SV
Countryman S 2011-2016 6 AT 184 1.6 L 4 T 26 8.3 135
Nissan Sentra SE-R 2009-2012 6 MT 200 2.5 L 4 30 7.3 139
Mini Cooper Spec V
Countryman S 2017-2018 8 AT 189 2.0 L 4 T 25 8.3 120
Nissan Sentra S 2009 CVT 140 2.0 L 4 26 9.6 149
Mitsubishi Eclipse 2009-2012 5 MT 162 2.4 L 4 23 9.3 139
GS Nissan Sentra SL 2010-2012 CVT 140 2.0 L 4 27 9.7 135
Mitsubishi Eclipse 2009-2012 5 AT 260 3.8 L V6 19 6.8 135 Nissan Sentra SV 2013-2015 CVT 130 1.8 L 4 29 9.7 129
GT conv.
Nissan Sentra SV 2016-2018 CVT 124 1.8 L 4 31 10.4 129
Mitsubishi Endeavor 2009-2011 4 AT 215 3.8 L V6 17 8.2 137
XLS Nissan Titan SE 2009-2011 5 AT 317 5.6 L V8 13 7.3 139
Mitsubishi Galant 2009-2012 4 AT 160 2.4 L 4 23 9.1 139 Nissan Titan SV 2012-2015 5 AT 317 5.6 L V8 14 7.2 142
ES
Nissan Titan SV 2017-2018 7 AT 390 5.6 L V8 16 6.7 131
Mitsubishi Galant
GTS 2009 4 AT 230 3.8 L V6 20 7.2 144 5.0 L V8
Nissan Titan XD SV 2016-2018 6 AT 310 TD 15 10.6 147
Mitsubishi i-MiEV SE 2012-2017 1D 63 electric 111* 14.7 132
Nissan 370Z Tour. 2009-2018 6 MT 332 3.7 L V6 23 5.3 120
Mitsubishi Lancer 2009-2017 CVT 152 2.0 L 4 25 9.8 144 coupe
ES
Nissan Versa S 2009 6 MT 122 1.8 L 4 29 9.5 163
Mitsubishi Lancer 2009-2015 5 MT 291 2.0 L 4 T 21 5.8 126 hatch.
Evo GSR
Nissan Versa SL 2009-2012 CVT 122 1.8 L 4 28 10.1 145
Mitsubishi Lancer 2009-2015 seq 6 237 2.0 L 4 T 20 6.5 133 hatch.
Ralliart
Nissan Versa Note 2014-2018 CVT 109 1.6 L 4 31 10.9 135
Mitsubishi Mirage 2014-2018 CVT 74 1.2 L 3 37 12.1 138 SV
ES
Nissan Versa S
Mitsubishi sedan 2009 4 AT 122 1.8 L 4 27 10.3 141
Outlander XLS 2009-2013 6 AT 220 3.0 L V6 19 8.3 132
Nissan Versa S 2010-2011 4 AT 122 1.8 L 4 27 10.3 137
Mitsubishi 2009-2013 CVT 168 2.4 L 4 22 10.1 137 sedan
Outlander LS
Nissan Versa SV 2012-2018 CVT 109 1.6 L 4 32 10.6 140
Mitsubishi 2014-2015 CVT 166 2.4 L 4 23 10.8 130 sedan
Outlander SE
Nissan Xterra S 2009-2016 5 AT 261 4.0 L V6 17 7.7 135
Mitsubishi 2016-2018 CVT 166 2.4 L 4 24 10.0 132
Outlander SEL Pontiac Vibe (base) 2009-2010 4 AT 132 1.8 L 4 29 10.1 139
Mitsubishi 2011-2015 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 23 9.6 137 Porsche 911
Outlander Sport SE Carrera S 2009-2012 6 MT 355 3.8 L 6 20 4.4 113
Nissan Altima 2.5 S 2009 CVT 175 2.5 L 4 25 8.1 134 Porsche 911 2014-2018 7 MT 400 3.8 L 6 23 4.1 108
Carrera S
Nissan Altima 2.5 S 2010-2012 CVT 175 2.5 L 4 26 8.3 129
Porsche Boxster
Nissan Altima 2.5 S 2013-2015 CVT 182 2.5 L 4 31 8.2 140 (base) 2009-2012 5 MT 240 2.7 L 6 22 6.5 112
Nissan Altima Porsche Boxster 2013-2016 6 MT 265 2.7 L 6 23 6.1 112

2.5 SV 2016-2018 CVT 179 2.5 L 4 29 8.4 135 (base)

Range Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s overall
CR’s overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Porsche 718 Boxster 2017-2018 seq 7 300 2.0 L 4 T 26 4.4 108 Subaru Legacy 2.5 2009 5 AT 250 2.5 L 4 T 18 7.5 140
(base) GT Ltd.
Ram 1500 Big Horn 2013-2018 8 AT 395 5.7 L V8 15 7.1 141 Subaru Legacy 2009 4 AT 170 2.5 L 4 23 10.8 140
2.5i SE
Ram 1500 Big Horn 2014-2018 8 AT 240 3.0 L V6 20 9.5 143
(diesel) TD Subaru Legacy 2.5i 2010-2012 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 25 9.7 139
Premium
Ram 2500 Laramie 2016-2018 6 AT 370 6.7 L 6 14 8.9 152
(diesel) TD Subaru Legacy 2010-2013 5 AT 256 3.6 L 6 22 7.2 132
3.6R Ltd.
Porsche Cayenne S 2009-2010 6 AT 385 4.8 L V8 15 7.0 142 Subaru Legacy 2.5i
Premium 2013-2014 CVT 173 2.5 L 4 26 9.1 139
Porsche Cayenne 2011-2018 8 AT 300 3.6 L V6 19 7.8 134
(base) Subaru Legacy 2.5i 2015-2018 CVT 175 2.5 L 4 26 10.2 128
3.0 L Premium
Porsche Macan S 2015-2018 seq 7 340 V6 T 19 6.4 130
Subaru Outback 2009 4 AT 168 2.5 L 4 21 11.8 141
Porsche 2.5i
Panamera S 2010-2015 seq 7 400 4.8 L V8 20 5.5 116
Subaru Outback 2010-2012 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 24 10.7 136
Saab 9-3 2.0T 2.5i Limited
sedan 2009-2011 5 AT 210 2.0 L 4 T 23 8.0 131
Saab 9-3 2.0T 2.5i Limited
conv. 2009-2011 5 AT 210 2.0 L 4 T 24 8.2 132
Saab 9-5 (base) 2009 5 AT 260 2.3 L 4 T 21 7.2 128 2.5i Premium
Subaru Outback 3.0 2009 5 AT 250 3.0 L 6 19 8.8 137
Saab 9-5 Turbo4 2011 6 AT 220 2.0 L 4 T 22 8.4 136 R VDC Ltd.
Scion FR-S 2013-2016 6 MT 200 2.0 L 4 30 7.2 126 Subaru Outback
3.6R Limited 2015-2018 CVT 256 3.6 L 6 22 7.4 134
Scion iA 2016 6 AT 106 1.5 L 4 35 10.3 139 Subaru XV
Crosstrek Hybrid 2014-2015 CVT 160 2.0 L 4 28 10.1 131
Scion iM 2016 CVT 137 1.8 L4 31 10.0 133
Subaru XV 2013-2015 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 26 9.7 130
Scion iQ 2012-2015 CVT 94 1.3 L 4 34 10.6 139 Crosstrek
Scion tC 2009-2010 5 MT 160 2.4 L 4 26 8.8 136 Suzuki Grand Vitara 2009-2012 4 AT 166 2.4 L 4 19 11.0 137
Scion tC TRD 2009-2010 5 MT 200 2.4 L 4 26 7.2 136 Suzuki Kizashi SE 2010-2012 CVT 180 2.4 L 4 25 9.3 131
SC
Suzuki SX4 Tour. 2009 4 AT 143 2.0 L 4 22 12.2 137
Scion tC 2011-2013 6 MT 180 2.5 L 4 28 8.8 139 (AWD)
Scion tC 2014-2016 6 AT 179 2.5 L 4 27 8.6 134 Suzuki SX4 Tech.
(AWD) 2010-2012 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 24 10.3 129
Scion xB 2009-2015 4 AT 158 2.4 L 4 23 9.4 137 Suzuki SX4 sedan
LE 2009 4 AT 143 2.0 L 4 26 10.6 140
Scion xD 2009-2014 4 AT 128 1.8 L 4 29 9.7 136
Suzuki SX4 sedan
Scion xD 2009-2014 5 MT 128 1.8 L 4 34 9.0 136 LE 2010-2011 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 26 9.7 137
Smart ForTwo Tesla Model S 2013-2015 1D 362 electric 84* 5.6 128
Passion 2009-2015 seq 5 71 1.0 L 3 39 14.6 139 (85 kWh)
Smart ForTwo 2016-2017 seq 6 89 0.9 L 3 T 36 11.2 132 Tesla Model S P85D 2014-2017 1D 691 electric 87* 3.5 118
Passion
Tesla Model S 75D 2016-2018 1D 328 electric 103* 5.1 129
Subaru BRZ 2013-2018 6 MT 200 2.0 L 4 30 7.2 126
Premium Tesla Model X 90D 2016-2018 1D 417 electric 92* 4.9 127
Subaru Crosstrek Toyota 4Runner
Premium 2016-2017 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 26 9.7 130 2009 4 AT 239 4.0 L V6 16 8.2 132
SR5
Subaru Crosstrek 2018 CVT 152 2.0 L 4 29 10.2 125 Toyota 4Runner
Premium SR5 2010-2018 5 AT 270 4.0 L V6 18 7.7 131
Subaru Forester
2.5XT Limited 2009-2013 4 AT 224 2.5 L 4 T 20 7.2 135 Toyota 86 2017-2018 6 MT 205 2.0 L 4 30 7.2 126
Subaru Forester Toyota Avalon XLS 2009-2010 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 24 7.1 140
2.5X 2009-2010 4 AT 170 2.5 L 4 22 10.4 134
Toyota Avalon 2011-2012 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 23 7.1 141
Subaru Forester 2009-2010 5 MT 170 2.5 L 4 24 9.1 134 Limited
2.5X
Toyota Avalon
Subaru Forester Limited 2013-2015 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 24 7.0 132
2.5X Premium 2011-2013 4 AT 170 2.5 L 4 22 10.2 139
Toyota Avalon 2016-2018 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 24 6.6 135
Subaru Forester 2.5i 2014-2018 CVT 170 2.5 L 4 26 8.7 127 Limited
Premium
Toyota Avalon 2013-2015 CVT 200 2.5 L 4 36 8.2 138
Subaru Impreza 2009-2011 4 AT 170 2.5 L 4 23 9.8 128 Hybrid
Outback Sport
Toyota Camry 2009-2011 CVT 187 2.4 L 4 34 8.5 145
Subaru Impreza 2012-2016 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 26 9.4 127 Hybrid
Sport Premium
Toyota Camry 2012-2017 CVT 200 2.5 L 4 38 7.6 133
Subaru Impreza 2.5i 2009-2011 4 AT 170 2.5 L 4 24 9.5 135 Hybrid
Subaru Impreza Toyota Camry 2018 CVT 208 2.5 L 4 47 7.8 138
Premium 2012-2016 CVT 148 2.0 L 4 27 9.2 129 Hybrid LE
Subaru Impreza 2017-2018 CVT 152 2.0 L 4 30 9.5 124 Toyota Camry LE 2009 5 AT 158 2.4 L 4 24 9.6 139
Premium
Toyota Camry LE 2010-2011 6 AT 169 2.5 L 4 26 9.4 142
Subaru Tribeca 2009-2015 5 AT 256 3.6 L 6 16 8.6 139
Limited Toyota Camry LE 2012-2017 6 AT 173 2.5 L 4 27 8.4 130
Subaru Impreza 2009-2014 5 MT 265 2.5 L 4 T 24 5.3 125 Toyota Camry LE 2018 8 AT 203 2.5 L 4 32 8.0 126
WRX
Subaru Impreza Toyota Camry XLE 2009-2011 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 23 7.1 137
WRX Premium 2015-2018 6 MT 268 2.0 L 4 T 26 6.0 120
Toyota Camry XLE 2012-2017 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 26 6.4 136
Subaru Impreza
WRX STi 2009-2014 6 MT 305 2.5 L 4 T 21 5.4 123 Toyota Corolla LE 2009-2013 4 AT 132 1.8 L 4 32 9.9 136

Range Range
Braking from
Braking from
Acceleration
Acceleration
CR’s overall
CR’s overall
60 mph dry
60 mph dry
0-60 mph
0-60 mph
(sec.)
(sec.)
mpg
mpg
(ft.)
(ft.)
Toyota Corolla (base) 2009-2013 5 MT 132 1.8 L 4 32 9.0 136 VW CC Sport 2013-2017 seq 6 200 2.0 L 4 T 26 7.5 133
Toyota Corolla 2014-2018 CVT 132 1.8 L 4 32 9.9 138 VW Eos Lux 2009-2016 seq 6 200 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.9 135
LE Plus
2.0 L 4
VW Golf TDI 2010-2014 6 MT 140 TDI 38 9.4 132
Toyota Corolla iM 2017-2018 CVT 137 1.8 L 4 31 10.0 133
Toyota FJ Cruiser 2009 5 AT 239 4.0 L V6 17 8.0 138 VW Golf 2.5 2010-2014 6 AT 170 2.5 L 5 24 8.6 131
Toyota Highlander VW Golf 1.8T 2015-2018 6 AT 170 1.8 L 4 T 28 8.7 130
2009-2013 5 AT 270 3.5 L V6 18 8.0 139
Ltd. Volkswagen Golf
Alltrack 2017-2018 seq 6 170 1.8 L 4 T 25 8.5 124
Toyota Highlander 2014-2016 6 AT 270 3.5 L V6 20 7.5 134
XLE VW Golf 2.0 L 4
2015 seq 6 150 37 9.3 133
Toyota Highlander SportWagen TDI TDI
XLE 2017-2018 8 AT 295 3.5 L V6 22 7.4 134
VW GTI 2009 6 MT 200 2.0 L 4 T 25 6.7 134
Toyota Highlander
Hybrid 2009-2010 CVT 270 3.3 L V6 24 8.2 140 VW GTI 2010-2014 6 MT 200 2.0 L 4 T 27 7.2 133
Toyota Highlander VW GTI 2015-2017 6 MT 210 2.0 L 4 T 29 6.6 132
Hybrid 2011-2013 CVT 280 3.5 L V6 27 7.6 140
VW Jetta 2.5 2009-2010 6 AT 150 2.5 L 5 24 9.4 140
Toyota Highlander
Hybrid 2014-2018 CVT 280 3.5 L V6 25 8.3 138 VW Jetta SE (2.5) 2011-2013 6 AT 170 2.5 L 5 25 9.7 144
Toyota Land Cruiser 2009-2018 6 AT 381 5.7 L V8 14 7.3 140 VW Jetta SE (1.8T) 2014-2016 6 AT 170 1.8 L 4 T 30 8.5 137
Toyota Matrix S 2009-2013 5 AT 158 2.4 L 4 27 8.3 132 VW Jetta SE (1.4T) 2016-2018 seq 6 150 1.4 L 4 T 32 9.1 131
Toyota Prius 2009 CVT 110 1.5 L 4 44 10.5 143 VW Jetta GLI (2.0T) 2012-2017 6 MT 200 2.0 L 4 T 27 7.2 132
Toyota Prius Touring 2009 CVT 110 1.5 L 4 42 10.6 133 VW Jetta Hybrid SE 2013-2015 seq 7 170 1.4 L 4 37 8.1 138
VW Jetta TDI 2009-2010 seq 6 140 2.0 L 4 33 9.8 137

Toyota Prius Four 2010-2015 CVT 134 1.8 L 4 44 10.6 133 TDI
Toyota Prius Three 2016-2018 CVT 121 1.8 L 4 52 10.3 135 2.0 L 4
VW Jetta TDI 2011-2014 seq 6 140 TDI 34 9.5 130
Toyota Prius Plug-in 2012-2015 CVT 134 1.8 L 4 47** 10.6 139
+E VW Jetta TDI 2015 seq 6 150 2.0 L 4 39 9.3 130
TDI
Toyota Prius Prime 2017-2018 CVT 121 1.8 L 4 69** 10.8 139
+E VW Jetta 2.0 L 4
SportWagen TDI 2009-2014 6 MT 140 TDI 36 9.7 139
Toyota Prius C Two 2012-2018 CVT 99 1.5 L 4 43 11.3 135
VW Jetta 2009-2014 6 AT 170 2.5 L 5 23 9.3 137
Toyota Prius V 2012-2017 CVT 134 1.8 L 4 41 10.7 138 SportWagen SE
Three
VW Passat 2.0T 2009-2010 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.7 135
Toyota RAV4
Limited 2009-2012 5 AT 269 3.5 L V6 22 6.7 135 VW Passat SE (2.5) 2012-2013 6 AT 170 2.5 L 5 25 9.7 136
Toyota RAV4 (base) 2009-2012 4 AT 179 2.5 L 4 23 10.0 130 VW Passat SE (1.8T) 2014-2017 6 AT 170 1.8 L 4 T 28 8.6 129
Toyota RAV4 XLE 2013-2015 6 AT 176 2.5 L 4 24 9.0 135 VW Passat (V6) 2012-2018 seq 6 280 3.6 L V6 23 6.8 132
Toyota RAV4 XLE 2016-2018 6 AT 176 2.5 L 4 24 9.3 135 2.0 L 4
VW Passat TDI SE 2012-2014 seq 6 140 TDI 37 9.8 132
Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2016-2018 CVT 194 2.5 L 4 31 8.7 136 2.0 L 4
VW Passat TDI SE 2015 seq 6 150 36 9.7 132
Toyota Sequoia TDI
Limited 2010-2018 6 AT 381 5.7 L V8 15 7.1 146
VW Rabbit S 2009 6 AT 170 2.5 L 5 24 8.5 128
Toyota Sienna LE 2011-2013 6 AT 187 2.7 L 4 20 10.3 134 VW Routan SEL 2009-2010 6 AT 251 4.0 L V6 16 8.6 147
Toyota Sienna XLE 2009-2010 5 AT 266 3.5 L V6 18 7.7 138 VW Tiguan SEL 2009-2011 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 20 8.6 137
(AWD)
Toyota Sienna XLE VW Tiguan SEL 2012-2017 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 21 8.5 140
2011-2016 6 AT 266 3.5 L V6 19 8.5 139
(AWD) VW Tiguan SE 2018 8 AT 184 2.0 L 4 T 25 10.3 131
Toyota Sienna XLE 2009-2010 5 AT 266 3.5 L V6 19 7.8 138 VW Touareg 2 2009-2010 6 AT 280 3.6 L V6 15 8.5 143
Toyota Sienna XLE 2011-2016 6 AT 266 3.5 L V6 20 8.8 134 3.0 L V6
VW Touareg TDI 2011-2015 8 AT 225 TDI 24 8.4 135
Toyota Sienna XLE 2017-2018 8 AT 296 3.5 L V6 21 7.7 137
Volvo C30 T5 2009-2013 6 MT 227 2.5 L 5 T 25 7.2 143
Toyota Tacoma 2009-2011 5 AT 239 4.0 L V6 17 7.6 131
(base) Volvo C70 T5 2009-2013 5 AT 227 2.5 L 5 T 21 8.3 133
Toyota Tacoma 2012-2015 5 AT 236 4.0 L V6 17 7.9 139 Volvo S40 2.4i 2009-2011 5 AT 168 2.4 L 5 23 9.4 135
(base)
Volvo S60 2.5T 2009 5 AT 208 2.5 L 5 T 22 7.9 140
Toyota Tacoma SR5 2016-2018 6 AT 278 3.5 L V6 19 8.2 146
Volvo S60 T5 2012-2014 6 AT 250 2.5 L 5 T 23 6.7 134
Toyota Tundra SR5 2009-2018 6 AT 381 5.7 L V8 15 6.7 153
Volvo S60 T5 2015-2018 8 AT 240 2.0 L 4 T 25 7.9 128
Toyota Venza V6 2009-2015 6 AT 268 3.5 L V6 20 6.9 137 Drive-E
Toyota Yaris 2-dr Volvo S80 2009-2013 6 AT 235 3.2 L 6 20 8.6 139
hatch. 2009 5 MT 106 1.5 L 4 34 9.3 163
Volvo S90 T6 2017-2018 8 AT 316 2.0 L 4 T 23 7.2 130
Toyota Yaris 4-dr 2009-2011 4 AT 106 1.5 L 4 30 10.9 130
hatch. Volvo V50 T5 2009-2011 5 AT 218 2.5 L 5 T 20 8.5 139
Toyota Yaris 4-dr Volvo V60 CC 2015-2018 6 AT 250 2.5 L 5 T 21 8.1 127
hatch. 2012-2018 4 AT 106 1.5 L 4 32 10.8 137
Volvo XC60 T6 2010-2017 6 AT 281 3.0 L 6 T 17 7.4 132
Toyota Yaris sedan 2009 4 AT 106 1.5 L 4 33 11.4 139 Volvo XC60
Momentum 2018 8 AT 250 2.0 L 4 T 23 8.0 124
Toyota Yaris sedan 2010-2011 4 AT 106 1.5 L 4 32 10.7 129
Toyota Yaris iA 2017-2018 6 AT 106 1.5 L 4 35 10.3 139 Volvo XC70 2009-2015 6 AT 235 3.2 L 6 18 8.5 135
Volvo XC90 2009-2011 6 AT 311 4.4 L V8 16 7.6 136
VW Beetle 2.5L 2012-2013 5 MT 170 2.5 L 5 26 8.6 131
Volvo XC90 2013-2014 6 AT 240 3.2 L 6 17 9.6 136
VW Beetle 1.8T 2014-2018 6 AT 170 1.8 L 4 T 27 8.4 136
Volvo XC90 T6 2016-2018 8 AT 316 2.0 L 20 7.7 126
VW CC Luxury 2009-2012 6 AT 200 2.0 L 4 T 24 7.7 131 4T

3
AVOID A
LEMON
Buyers who carefully inspect any car they’re
considering will be better able to steer clear of
hidden problems.
Even a normally reliable vehicle can become

a problem if it’s not properly maintained.
Worse yet is one that has hidden damage
that can affect its performance, safety, or
reliability. That’s why it’s important to
thoroughly check out any vehicle you intend
to buy. In this chapter, we’ll tell you how to
size up a vehicle, how to perform a
preliminary inspection and test-drive,
explain how to check a vehicle’s history, and
discuss the pros and cons of choosing a
certified used car.
48
49
3 How to Avoid a Lemon
Ask the Right Questions mileage is nice, but it is no guarantee You want a car that has been well cared
When you’ve found a vehicle or two of gentle care. for. It should have had maintenance
you’re interested in—whether being sold “How is it equipped?” Whether performed at regular manufacturer-
by a dealership or privately—begin sizing they’re listed in the ad or not, ask about specified intervals. Be skeptical
up their condition and history over the key features: transmission type, elec- if the owner claims to have done the
phone. You can make some copies of the tronic stability control, A/C, airbags, maintenance but can’t produce any
checklist on page 59 to help you keep audio system, cruise control, and power receipts. Ask for receipts for any new
notes of the conversation. Ask some windows, locks, seats, Bluetooth, rear- muffler, brakes, tires, or other parts
basic questions. The answers can help view camera, and navigation. Double- that have been replaced. Repair-shop
you determine whether it’s worth a checking the features could produce some receipts normally note the car’s odom-
trip to take a closer look, particularly telling comments. eter reading, helping you verify the
if you’re buying from a private party. “What’s the car’s condition?” Start car’s history.
Break the ice with soft questions broad and see where the seller takes it. “Has the car been recalled?” Ask
such as the car’s color, but get specific He or she could bring up something you if any safety-recall work was performed
about its condition, features, and his- wouldn’t have thought to ask about. or, more important, still needs to
tory. Any strange or far-fetched answers “How about the body and interior?” be done. Dealerships keep records of
should put you on guard. If these areas weren’t covered before, that. Note the mileage when work was
“How many miles does it have?” ask about them specifically. performed. To learn more about recalls
If the mileage is higher than 20,000 per “Has it been in an accident?” If yes, and technical service bulletins, turn
year or lower than 5,000, ask why. A ask about the extent of the damage, the to page 60 or visit CR.org/carrecalls.
high-mileage car used on a long highway cost of repairs, and the shop that did QUESTIONS FOR PRIVATE SELLERS
commute is better than if it did a lot the work. Don’t worry too much about “Have you owned it since it was
of short trips or stop-and-go driving. minor scrapes, but think twice about new?” You want to be able to piece
Still, take any “these were all highway a car that has been in a serious crash. together the car’s service history. Be
miles” claim with a grain of salt. Low “Do you have service records?” wary about a car that has changed
buying. But first look If it doesn’t pull toward

for these telltale signs the car, there may
DON’T GET STUCK WITH in any car you are

considering, in order
be body filler under
the paint.
A PROBLEM VEHICLE to thin the herd:

The Close-Up
Crystal Clear Check
for moisture fogging in
Inspect each body the lights.
These steps can prevent buyer’s remorse. panel for scratches, Tread Lightly Make sure
dents, or rust. Look the tires have even
under windowsills treadwear. New tires
or fender edges for may hide problems.
masking-tape marks, Rust Bucket A coating
It’s every used-car vehicle history reports, salvaged, consumers indicating paintwork. of rust on bolts or
buyer’s nightmare: about 20 percent of never see it. This is why Straight & Narrow hinges inside the door-
getting a rebuilt wreck the vehicles on the it is important to see Uneven panel gaps jamb is a clue that
despite doing extensive road have some sort of the title before you buy by the fenders, doors, the car may have been
research. accident damage. a used car, and be hood, and trunk can submerged.
That’s because these CR has found that especially wary of any mean shoddy repair. Sniff Test A musty,
rebuilt wrecks are vehicle history reports car with a “lost” title. Blend Well Be sure the moldy smell in the
difficult to spot. Even can’t catch everything. One of the best paint color and finish interior or trunk
buying a model known Differing state laws ways to protect your- are uniform, and check could indicate water
for reliability is no governing salvage titles self from hidden inside doorjambs for damage.
guarantee that it won’t allow for big loop- problems is to hire dull-looking overspray. Inside the Tailpipe
have problems. holes. Often, even when your own mechanic to Attractive Personality Black, greasy residue
According to CarFax, a car’s title is con- inspect any car that Run a magnet along inside means that the
a service that provides spicuously labeled as you are serious about doors and fenders. engine is burning oil.

hands several times in a few years.
“Are you the person who drove it the CONDUCT A PRE-PURCHASE INSPECTION
most?” Ideally, you want to meet the
car’s principal driver, or drivers, to see Taking time to inspect a car before you
whether they strike you as responsible. buy it will reduce the chance you’ll end up
“Why are you selling the car?” Look
for a plausible explanation rather than stuck with a car that’s troublesome
an interesting story. If the answer sounds down the road.
evasive, be wary.
Inspect It Carefully
No matter who you buy from, always rubber seals for tearing or rot. Tires that have been driven while
look over the vehicle thoroughly and take Glass. Look carefully at the glass to overinflated tend to wear more in the
it to a mechanic for a complete inspec- make sure there are no cracks or middle than on the sides. Chronically
tion. Dress in old clothes and give the car large, pocked areas. A small stone chip underinflated tires show more wear
a good going-over. may not be cause for alarm, though on the sides. Cupped tires—those worn
Take along a friend for help. Do your in- you should bring it up in negotiations. unevenly along the tread’s circumfer-
spection in daylight on a dry day, because But cracks in the windshield will ence—may be a sign of a problem with
floodlights can make cars look shiny worsen and lead to a costly repair. the steering, suspension, or brakes.
and hide body defects. The car should be Suspension. Walk around the car Tires must have at least 1/16 inch of tread
parked on a level surface and shouldn’t to see whether it’s sitting level. Push to be legal. Check the tread depth with
have been driven for at least an hour down on each corner. If the shock ab- a tread-depth tool—available at auto-parts
before your inspection. The checklist on sorbers are in good shape, the car should stores—or a quarter. Insert the quarter
page 59 can help keep you organized rebound just once, not bounce up and into the tread groove, with Washington’s
and has room to note any problems. down. Grab the top of each front tire head down. If you can see the top of his
E X TERIOR and tug it back and forth. If you feel head, the tire should be replaced.
Body condition. Check each panel play in it or hear a clunking sound, the Examine the sidewalls for scuffing,
and the roof, looking for scratches, dents, wheel bearings or suspension joints cracks, or bulges, and look for dents
and rust. Watch out for misaligned pan- may be shot. or cracks on each wheel. Be sure to check
els or large gaps, which can indicate Lights and lenses. Have a friend that the spare is in good shape and the
either sloppy assembly at the factory or confirm that all lights are working. proper jack and lug wrench are present.
shoddy repair. The paint color and finish Make sure all light lenses and reflectors INTERIOR
should be the same on every body panel. are intact and not cracked, fogged The inside of a car may matter most
If you think a dent may have been with moisture, or missing. because that’s where you’ll spend
patched, put a small magnet on it. The Tires. You can tell a lot from the the majority of the time you own the car.
magnet won’t stick to an area with tires. A car with less than, say, Odor. When you first open the
body filler. If other parts of the car have 20,000 miles should probably still have car door, sniff the interior. A musty,
been repainted, there may be paint its original tires. Be wary of a low- moldy, or mildewy smell could indicate
adhering to the rubber seals around mileage car with new tires, and check water leaks. Remove the floor mats
the hood and trunk lid. that all four tires are the same. If there and check for wet spots on the carpet.
Minor cosmetic flaws and light are different tires on the car, it may An acrid smell may indicate that the car
scratches are no cause for concern, be a clue that they have been replaced. was used by a smoker. Check the lighter
but rust is. Check the body for Treadwear should be even across the and ashtray for evidence. Some odors,
blistered paint or rust. Also inspect width of the tread, and the same on such as mold or smoke, can be very
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: SHUT TERSTOCK
the wheelwells, the panels beneath the tires on the left and right sides of the hard to get rid of. If you don’t like what
the doors, and the door bottoms. Bring car. Ask whether the tires have been you smell, find another car.
a flashlight to look inside the wheel regularly rotated. If not, the wear is usu- Seats. Try out all the seats, even if you
wells for rust. ally more severe on the drive wheels. probably won’t sit in the rear. Uphol-
Open and close each door, the hood, Aggressive drivers tend to put heavy stery shouldn’t be ripped or badly worn,
and the trunk. Gently lift and let go of wear on the outside shoulder of the particularly in a car with low mileage.
each door, particularly the driver’s door. front tires, at the edge of the sidewall. Try all the seat adjustments to make
If it seems loose on its hinges, the Assume the car has been driven hard if sure they work properly and that you
car has seen hard or long use. Inspect that area shows heavier wear. can find a good driving position.

Pedals. The rubber on the brake, be firm and supple, not rock-hard, probably just water condensed from
clutch, and gas pedals gives an indi- cracked, or mushy. Feel the drive belts the air conditioner.
cation of use. A car with low miles to determine whether they are frayed. Feel the tailpipe for residue. If
shouldn’t show much wear. Pedal rub- Fluids. The owner’s manual will it’s black and greasy, it means burnt
ber that’s worn through in spots—or point out where to look to check all fluid oil. Tailpipe smudge should be dry
brand new—indicates that the car has levels. Engine oil should be dark brown and dark gray. Though some rust is
been driven a lot. or black, but not gritty. If the oil is normal, heavy rust could mean the
Instruments and controls. Turn on honey-colored, it was just changed. If vehicle needs a new exhaust system.
the ignition switch without starting the the dipstick has water droplets on If the vehicle is high enough to slide
engine. You should make sure that all of it or shows gray or foamy oil, it could under, you may be able to do some
the warning lights—including the “check indicate a cracked engine block or basic checks underneath. (If not, make
engine” light—illuminate for a few seconds blown head gasket, two serious prob- sure your mechanic checks it.) Spread
and go off when you start the engine. lems. Transmission fluid should be an old blanket on the ground and look
Note whether the engine is hard to start pinkish, not brown, and smell like oil, under the engine with a flashlight. If
when cold and if it idles smoothly. Then with no “burnt” odor. The dipstick you see oil drips, oily leaks, or green or
try out every switch, button, and lever. shouldn’t leave visible metal particles red fluid on the engine or the pavement
With the engine running, turn on on the rag, another sign of a serious beneath the car, it’s not a good sign.
the heater full blast to see how hot it gets, problem. Check the automatic- On a front-wheel-drive car, examine
and how quickly. Switch on the air transmission fluid with the engine the constant-velocity-joint boots, which
conditioning and make sure it quickly warmed up and running. On some are the round, black-rubber bellows
blows cold. vehicles, the dipstick has two sets of at
6%the ends of the axle shafts. If they
Sound system. Check reception on marks for checking when the engine are split and leaking grease, assume
0
AM, FM, and satellite radio. If there’s is either cold or warm. Power-steering that the car has bad CV joints, another
a CD player, try loading and ejecting and brake fluids should be within costly repair.
a disc. Bring along your smartphone the safe zone. Structural components with kinks
or MP3 player to test the connection. Radiator. Look into the plastic reser- and large dents in the floor pan or fuel
Try pairing the device via Bluetooth, voir that’s connected by a rubber hose tank all indicate a past accident. Weld-
if the car is so equipped. to the radiator. The coolant should be ing on the frame suggests that a section
Roof. Check the headliner and roof greenish or orange, not a milky or rusty might have been replaced or cut out to
trim for stains or sags to see whether color. Greenish stains on the outside of perform repair work. Fresh undercoat-
water is leaking through ill-fitting doors the radiator are a sure sign of leaks. ing may hide recent structural repairs.
or windows. If equipped with a sunroof Battery. Some “maintenance-free” EVs and hybrids. If you’re buying
or moonroof, check to see that it opens ones have a built-in charge indicator: an electric car, make sure the battery
and closes properly and seals well Green usually means the battery is is fully charged before a test- drive so
when shut. Inspect a convertible top for in good shape, and yellow or black usu- you can observe its projected range.
tears by shining a flashlight up into it. ally means it’s dying. These reveal the For hybrids, check the in-car display to
Trunk. Use your nose as well as your condition of just one cell and may not ensure the battery is charging and dis-
eyes. Sniff and look for signs of water give an accurate reading on the health charging while you drive.
entry. See whether the carpeting feels of the whole battery.
wet or smells musty, and check the If the battery has filler caps, wipe Visit Your Mechanic
spare-tire well for water or rust. off the top with a rag, then carefully pry Before you close the deal, have the
UNDER THE HOOD off or unscrew the caps to look at the car scrutinized by a repair shop that
It’s best to make these checks with the liquid level. A low level may mean routinely does diagnostic work. A
engine cool. First inspect the general that the battery has been working too dealer should have no problem lending
condition of the engine bay. Dirt and hard. Any competent mechanic can you the car to have it inspected as long
dust are normal, but be wary if you check out the charging system and do as you leave identification. If a sales-
see oil splattered about or on the pave- a “load test” on the battery. person tells you that an independent
ment below. Also be on the lookout UNDER THE VEHICLE inspection is not necessary because
for a battery covered with corrosion, If you can find where the vehicle is the dealership has already done it,
or wires and hoses hanging loose. usually parked, look for marks from old insist on having your mechanic look at
Hoses and belts. Squeeze the various puddles of gasoline, oil, coolant, or it. If a private seller is reluctant to let
rubber hoses running to the radiator, transmission fluid. Clear water that drips you drive the car to a shop, offer to
A/C, and other parts. The rubber should from under the car on a hot day is follow the seller to the shop where

WHAT GOES WRONG AS VEHICLES AGE
Problem rate percentages in 17 trouble areas over the last 10 years
Even the best cars develop problems as below, reveals trends among the 17 potential frequently cited problem in older models
they rack up miles. Parts wear, break trouble areas. We grouped the related issues (6- to 10-year-old cars) includes key-
down, and ultimately need replacement, and plotted the percentage of problem rates less entry, gauges, tire pressure monitors,
following the natural order for any car. over time, from 1-year-old vehicles all the wiper motor and washer, and body
But components wear at different rates. way up to 10-year-old ones. control modules.
Breaking out the data from our Annual Most categories cover multiple subsystems. Turn to the Vehicle Profiles, starting on page
Auto Survey, as highlighted in the charts For example, Power Equipment, the most 96, to see what each trouble spot includes.
Engine Brakes and Suspension Drivetrain
6% 6% 6%
Engine Major Brakes Drive System

5% 5% 5%
Engine Minor Suspension Transmission Minor
Engine Cooling Transmission Major
4% 4% 4%
3% 3% 3%
2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1%
0% 0% 0%
1yr 5yr 10yr 1yr 5yr 10yr 1yr 5yr 10yr
Fuel and Electrical In-Car Amenities Body, Paint, and Exhaust
6% 6% 6%
Climate System In-Car Electronics Exhaust

5% 5% 5%
Electrical System Power Equipment Body Hardware
Fuel System Noises and Leaks
4% 4% 4%
Paint/Trim
3% 3% 3%
2% 2% 2%
1% 1% 1%
0% 0% 0%
1yr 5yr 10yr 1yr 5yr 10yr 1yr 5yr 10yr

the inspection will take place. pass exams in any of eight areas of during your test-drive. All cars have dif-
A thorough diagnosis should cost expertise. The institute does not certify ferent personalities, and it’s important
around $100, but check the price shops as a whole, but if 75 percent to find one that matches yours. Things
in advance. Ask the mechanic for a of the employees are ASE-certified, the that might seem insignificant now, such
written report detailing the car’s shop can carry the seal. as the shape of the seats, could become
condition, noting any problems found major irritants later.
and the cost to repair them. You can The Effective Test-Drive Ride comfort. Is the ride soft, harsh,
then use the report when you begin to This is your chance to see how the or somewhere in between? Does the
negotiate with the seller. vehicle performs and whether you can suspension isolate you from the road, or
If you don’t know of any repair shops, detect any problems with its drivetrain, do you feel every bump and ripple?
try to get a referral. You can also ask for steering, suspension, brakes, or other Some suspensions feel comfortable over
the name of a good shop at a local important systems. bumps but tend to be floaty, jouncing up
auto-parts store. If you can’t get referrals, Drive all the vehicles that you’re and down a bit after a large bump.
look for a nationwide vehicle inspection considering on the same day so that you Look for a vehicle that feels tight and con-
service, such as SGS (sgs.com) or can compare them more easily. Try to trolled over bumps, but not harsh.
Carchex (carchex.com), or at the Car drive them as long as possible—at least Ride comfort is determined by a
Care Council (carcare.org), an organiza- 30 minutes—and over different types vehicle’s suspension, tires, and even its
tion supported by the auto aftermarket of road surfaces and in various driving seats, but it’s certainly one attribute
industry. Note that there are no perfor- conditions. Plan your own driving route measured by personal preference.
mance criteria for shops listed on the site. in advance. A salesperson or private Sporty cars, and even some sedans,
To check for complaints about any seller may suggest routes that hide or have a firm ride, a common trade-off
shops, research the companies at minimize problems. for sharp handling characteristics.
the Better Business Bureau’s website. Try to eliminate as many distractions This may not be for everyone. Some
Members of the American Automobile as possible. Many dealerships may insist buyers who excitedly bought a sporty
Association (AAA) can use one of its on sending someone along with you, car regretted it later because the stiff
recommended facilities. and a private seller will certainly want ride seemed to accentuate every little
If you’re visiting a shop for the first to be present. Because the last thing you bump in the road. To confirm your
time, look for certificates or window need is someone jabbering in your ear preference, drive several comparable
decals from AAA or the National Insti- while you’re trying to concentrate, have vehicles to evaluate the differences.
tute for Automotive Service Excellence a friend or relative engage in conversa- Be sure the ride you experience during
(ASE). AAA-certified garages must meet tion with the salesperson or seller. your test-drive is one you can tolerate
certain quality standards. The ASE Following are some of the major for as long as you own the car.
grants certificates to mechanics who things you should concentrate on Acceleration. Make sure that the
Dealers tout them, and used car—much of within its warranty period,
buyers look for the label, that upcharge is due to you’ll be thankful you
CERTIFIED but is there an advantage

to a “certified preowned”
an included warranty
or service contract.
have that warranty. And
the dealer’s inspection
USED CARS vehicle? Or are they just

an expensive limited
Consumer Reports has
historically advised
of a car for certification
might sniff out recalls or
warranty? against paying extra on items that could become
Are they really worth the By definition, a an extended warranty— big problems later. The
price premium? “certified” used car is one one of the program’s main inspection should also
that has been vetted and selling points. address any recalls.
deemed to be in better Actuarial data shows Although CPO cars
operating condition than you might be better usually come with an
its peers. In reality, that’s served saving your cash ex-tended warranty,
not always the case. by using it for repairs on dealers may push buyers
Certified cars tend to a non-certified car. to-ward a service con-
cost thousands of dollars But if your CPO car has tract that covers routine
more than a typical a major repair covered maintenance, which can

engine provides adequate acceleration a maneuver. You should also get good
when starting from a stop, and that you feedback through the steering wheel
can merge safely into highway traffic. POPULARITY OF about what the car is doing on the road.
MANUFACTURER CERTIFIED
Acceleration depends primarily on PREOWNED VEHICLES Some steering systems feel numb and
the engine power, but it is also closely Sales have increased by one disconnected from the road.
linked to the transmission. A great million units over 10 years While driving slowly, turn the wheel
engine coupled with a mediocre trans- a little right and left to make sure there’s
mission will deliver less-than-stellar not a big dead space in the center.
performance. Conversely, a fairly small 1.64 million Many vehicles have variable power
engine can appear much better in com- 2006 steering, which makes them feel one
bination with a modern, well-designed way on the highway and another at
1.74 million
manual or automatic transmission. slow speeds, like trying to maneuver
2011
One of the real benefits of a test-drive into a tight parking space. You want the
is to see whether you like the pow- 2.64 million steering to feel light at parking speeds,
ertrain. If so, that’s great; if not, now 2017
with a firmer and more communicative
is the time to change your selection or feel at cruising speeds.
SOURCE: Automotive News
keep looking. During your test-drives, An important note: You can’t test
be sure to try quick acceleration from a vehicle at its handling and braking
a stop, and a rolling merge into fast maneuvers? Does it stay on course when limits on a public road to see how
freeway traffic. driving straight ahead on the highway, it would respond in an emergency
Braking. Do the brakes feel respon- or does it need continual corrections? situation, such as trying to avoid
sive without being too jerky? Braking Does the car feel relaxed or too twitchy an accident.
is hard to evaluate thoroughly, but you to be comfortable? And does it stay For this, see our road-test reports
can do a basic assessment. Feel how relatively composed on rough roads? at CR.org. We tell you how each
the vehicle responds when you depress Vehicle response to quick steering car responded to our braking and
the pedal, both softly and with more maneuvers is a key factor in avoiding emergency-handling tests, and
force. It should be smooth, and it emergency situations, so it’s important give individual ratings for overall
should be easy to get just the amount that you’re comfortable with how braking and emergency handling.
of stopping power you need without your vehicle responds. It should be easy Quietness. Consider engine, wind,
the car stopping too quickly or not and controllable to maneuver along and road noise, as well as squeaks and
quickly enough. the road. The steering should not be so rattles. Turn off the radio and drive
Steering and handling. Does the sensitive that it feels tense and not so with the windows closed so that you can
car respond well to quick steering slow that it takes a lot of turning to make hear what else is going on. Most cars
get expensive as mileage instance, you could be We recommend certified car isn’t some of which affected
hits major service mile- stuck in a paperwork that you have any used necessarily trouble-free. vehicle safety.
stones at 60,000 miles snarl when it comes vehicle—certified Don’t assume the vehicle Bottom line. We think
and beyond. time to make a warranty or not—inspected by hasn’t been wrecked, it’s fine to buy a
Be wary. There are claim, especially if you a trusted independent flooded, or suffered noncertified car and
various degrees of seek work at another mechanic, preferably other serious damage—or bank any savings. Choose
certification. A used car facility. You need to be one experienced in auto- even that it has been a reliable model and a
may be advertised as aware of the differences, body work. properly inspected as the vehicle that receives your
certified, but it may and you should ask the Not all dealers will let certification process may mechanic’s approval. If
not have the backing of dealer to provide official you drive a car off the promise. you choose a CPO, be
an official automaker documentation so that lot without a salesperson Consumers have sure to read the fine print
certification program. you know what kind of as a chaperone, but a taken legal action on any warranty that
Some dealers certify cars warranty you are buying. trustworthy dealer should claiming that certified is offered to determine
themselves or sell third- Also, not all certifications understand your interest inspections were not whether the vehicle
party certifications. This may be transferable in getting an unbiased properly performed, or has been certified by a
type of CPO program from a previous owner opinion. that certified vehicles manufacturer, dealer,
brings certain risks. For to the next owner. Most important, even a had serious defects, or third party.

suffer from some background noises. The and whistle, unlike better-designed ones. Visibility. This takes into account
question is whether the ambient sounds You should have little trouble telling a number of design factors, such as seat-
are at a level you can live with. which is which during your test-drive. ing position, mirror effectiveness,
Engine noise has to do with the quality Listen at highway speed for wind and body design. It can vary greatly, even
of the engine as well as its size and noise coming through the roof. Leaky among similar vehicles. Several back-
configuration. Four-cylinder engines sunroof trim or roof rails may make to-back test-drives will quickly show
are often the noisiest; V6 and V8 engines a whistling sound. which have the best visibility. And
are far quieter. If an engine sounds High-performance tires on sporty don’t forget to check behind you when
coarse and loud under heavy accelera- cars and off-road tires on SUVs reversing. See page 19 for more about
tion or at highway speed, it could become and pickup trucks create the most tire backup safety and blind zones.
more annoying later. Engines don’t get noise. It can be annoying, but buyers
quieter with age. who want those kinds of tires are usu- The Problem of Salvage Vehicles
Wind noise is the next biggest annoy- ally willing to put up with the noise. Repairing and reselling “salvage”
ance, and side-view mirrors are the major The test-drive is a good way to deter- vehicles is a very large business. About
culprits. Poorly designed mirrors roar mine your tolerance level. 1 million salvage vehicles are returned
Protect Yourself When Buying a Used Car

7 steps to a successful used-car purchase
HAVE IT reports that showed Check the backs of body or fabricated information, reports, which cost a
1
INSPECTED problems. So before panels and doorjambs verify it with the service. few dollars, should find
Just because a report buying a used car, take for paint overspray, a Some dealers offer free vehicles sold through
is clean doesn’t mean it to an independent signal that the car might reports directly from the insurance salvage
the vehicle has no mechanic to have it have had bodywork. The services. auctions, including clean-
problems. Some dealers checked for any smell of mildew or mold title wrecks. If reports
who have provided evidence of damage. could indicate water READ THE from those sources are
5
“clean” reports are damage. DISCLOSURES clean, consider also
using them in court as TAKE A The reporting companies getting one from CarFax
2
a defense against TEST-DRIVE CHECK have many disclosures ($35) and AutoCheck
3
charges that they knew Make note of unusual THE TITLE explaining the limits ($30). Along with total-
a vehicle was a former squeaks or rattles. If Always inspect the title of the information and loss information, they
wreck when they sold a car pulls to one side or document. Look for any guarantees they’re might provide warnings
it. We also know cases tracks poorly, that might anything indicating that providing. about odometer
of dealers altering hint at previous damage. the vehicle had been tampering and non-total-
wrecked, repurchased BE REDUNDANT loss collisions.
6
under a state lemon law One report might
program, flooded, or be clean but another GET THE
7
had any other problem. might not be. If the seller BUYBACK
Verify that the odometer doesn’t provide you with PROTECTION
statement doesn’t a report, check with To take advantage of the
conflict with the number the free or inexpensive limited “buyback”
in the car. services first. In our tests, guarantees that CarFax
VINCheck wasn’t as and AutoCheck provide,
GET THE thorough as commercial you must register the
4
VEHICLE’S reports, but it identified purchase with the service
PHOTO: CAVAN IMAGES/OFFSET.
HISTORY REPORT vehicles that had been within 90 days. Remem-

CarFax and AutoCheck deemed a total loss. ber, even clean reports
reports were the most Because of regulations from all services don’t
reliable and complete. If enacted after our test, guarantee that the vehicle
the report isn’t recent or National Motor Vehicle doesn’t have damage or
you suspect it has missing Title Information System other problems.

to the road each year, according to
the National Association of Consumer
Advocates (NACA), an organization
of attorneys who represent consumers
victimized by fraudulent or abusive
business practices.
Though it is possible to restore such
a vehicle to good condition, rebuilders
often cut costs to make a profit. Even
if they try to do a good job, no one
can predict the crashworthiness and
mechanical reliability of the vehicles.
Similar concerns affect the esti-
mated 60,000 vehicles that are repur-
chased by manufacturers under state
lemon-law programs. Many are resold
at retail. Lemons usually don’t have
the severe problems you’d expect with
salvage cars. But it can be very difficult
to verify that a chronic defect has
been corrected.
State laws differ on what they define
as salvage vehicles and on how—or even
if—those vehicles need to be inspected
and buyers informed before resale.
Your state DMV can explain how to spot
a salvage title.
Consumer Reports found that
differing standards have led to
interstate trafficking of salvage and
lemon vehicles. Even if titles of
former lemon and salvage vehicles are
conspicuously branded or labeled
as such, those who buy a used car from
a dealership often never see the
previous title.
If you’ve unknowingly purchased
a salvage vehicle or rebuilt lemon,
contact your state consumer and motor
vehicle officials. You can check with
NACA (naca.net), which keeps a list of
lawyers who specialize in such cases.
Before you buy, check to see what
protection your state offers and what’s
PHOTO: DAN BROWNSWORD/GET T Y IMAGES
required of the seller. The Federal Trade

Commission requires used-car dealers
to post a “buyer’s guide” on every used
car, which details in writing all warranty
information. Keep this after the sale. Don’t Fall in Love
There are plenty of
used cars available;
Used-Car History Reports don’t settle for a
Used-car buyers are increasingly depen- problematic one.
dent on vehicle-history reports to make
57
sure that they’re not getting a vehicle same results. In some cases for those based on an erroneous report they pro-
that was crashed, stolen, flooded, or vehicles, the earlier crashes were since vided. But there are gotchas.
subjected to any other calamities. Many added to the history reports, a problem To take advantage of the program,
dealerships give free history reports to if you paid top dollar for a used car you’d have to prove the vehicle had a
consumers. Those reports provide based on an earlier “clean” report and “branded” title, and the information had
useful information, but it’s what they now want to sell it. been on file with a state motor vehicle
can miss that should worry you. We found that the reports were most agency that provides data to the reporting
To test the veracity of history reports, likely to be incorrect for vehicles that services. Vehicles branded as “recovered
in 2009 we ordered them for dozens were seriously damaged, but for various stolen” or “theft” aren’t covered. In addi-
of wrecked and damaged vehicles reasons were not declared a total loss tion, the guarantees are valid for one year
advertised at such websites as eBay by an insurance company. after the report was issued and apply only
Motors and eRepairables.com. The “Salvage,” or a similar notation on the if you registered the purchase with the
ads included photos showing smashed title, is required by many states for ve- history report provider within 90 days.
or missing body panels or other crash- hicles with extensive damage. Wrecks can Last, vehicles with titles that were
related damage, along with the vehicle maintain clean titles if the vehicle doesn’t branded less than 60 days before the his-
identification number (VIN). have collision insurance, is self-insured tory report was issued are excluded from
Many reports returned “clean” results, as with many rental and fleet vehicles, or coverage. That’s because of the delay be-
sometimes from all five services: CarFax has damage falling below the “total loss” tween the time a title is branded and the
(carfax.com), AutoCheck (autocheck.com), threshold, which can vary by state. event is reported to the reporting services.
the free VINCheck from the National Wrecked cars that still have clean Despite the problems, we did find
Insurance Crime Bureau (nicb.org), and titles are popular at auctions because the reports useful. For example, for ve-
two services with information from the buyers can repair the vehicles and then hicles that we knew had branded titles,
federal National Motor Vehicle Title Infor- resell them to unsuspecting consumers. the services usually reliably reported the
mation System database (nmvtis.gov). That’s especially true if the wreck doesn’t problem, especially CarFax and Auto-
Not all of the vehicles we investigated show up on a vehicle history report. Car- Check, which didn’t miss any. Moreover,
had been damaged recently. We first Fax and AutoCheck guarantee they’ll there were several cases in which
checked some in 2006, largely with the buy back any vehicle a customer bought damaged vehicles with clean titles were
nevertheless flagged by CarFax and
AutoCheck based on accident reports
the two providers received from some
police departments and other agencies.
There’s also a good chance that
the services will know about a previ-
ously branded title, even if a clean one
has since been issued. Scammers
sometimes patch up wrecks and re-title
them in states with less stringent rules—
a process known as “title washing.”
We appreciated some of the extras
that come with CarFax and AutoCheck,
including a list of ownership changes,
periodic odometer readings, occasional
maintenance records, and details about
whether vehicles were ever rentals or
leased. Keep in mind we had no way of
PHOTO: JOVO JOVANOVIC/STOCKSY
verifying the information or knowing

if anything was omitted.
And a final reason to get a report: Even
Online Assistance if a used car or truck checks out with a
Vehicle history mechanic, having an accident or other
reports often have
valuable data blemish on a history report—even if it’s
about a car’s past. incorrect—can seriously reduce a vehicle’s
value later when you sell it.

CR’S USED-CAR USE THIS FORM TO LOG KEY INFORMATION FROM YOUR USED-CAR TEST-DRIVE.
CHECKLIST
VEHICLE DESCRIPTION
Year: Make: Model: Trimline:
Body: ☐ Sedan ☐ Hatchback ☐ Coupe ☐ Convertible ☐ Wagon ☐ Minivan ☐ Pickup ☐ SUV

Engine: Cylinders: Displacement (liters): Odometer reading:
Color:
Upholstery Material: ☐ Cloth ☐ Leather Vehicle Identification Number (VIN):
Owner’s Name: Town: Phone Number:
INSPECTION
EXTERIOR
☐ Shocks and struts rebound just once or twice after bouncing ☐ No play in wheel bearings
Finish:☐ Paint smooth, not peeling or blistered ☐ No dents ☐ No scratches ☐ No rust ☐ Body panels fit well together
☐ Color and finish match ☐ No damage evident on underside of hood or trunk
Doors, Hood, Trunk Lid: ☐ Open and close smoothly ☐ Doors, hood, trunk aligned with the body ☐ Rubber seals intact
Body Condition Notes:
Lights Work: ☐ Front ☐ Rear ☐ Brake ☐ Backup ☐ Fog lights ☐ License plate light(s) ☐ Lenses intact
Tires: ☐ Same brand on all ☐ Wear even ☐ Rims not dented or rusted ☐ Tread depth okay (use quarter test) Tire size:
Glass: ☐ No chips or cracks

INTERIOR AND INSTRUMENT PANEL
☐ No musty smell ☐ Carpets okay ☐ Floor mats present ☐ Carpet/under mats dry ☐ Wear on pedal rubber agrees with odometer
☐ Upholstery in good shape ☐ Seats in good shape ☐ Driving position comfortable
Controls Work: ☐ Headlights ☐ Turn signals ☐ Horn ☐ Windshield wiper/washer ☐ Climate system ☐ Air conditioner
☐ Seat heater ☐ Dome/map/panel lights ☐ Window switches ☐ Seat adjustments ☐ Power seat(s) ☐ Sunroof ☐ Power locks
☐ Power mirrors ☐ Key-fob remote ☐ Sound system: ☐ AM ☐ FM ☐ Tape ☐ CD ☐ USB/AUX input
Interior Notes:
TRUNK
☐ Spare tire okay ☐ Full-sized spare ☐ Limited-service spare ☐ Jack and all tools present ☐ No moisture or rust in trunk or spare-tire well
General Condition:
ENGINE COMPARTMENT
☐ Wiring-harness plastic armor flexible ☐ Wiring connectors neat ☐ No aftermarket wiring ☐ Rubber hoses supple
Fluids:☐ Oil okay ☐ Transmission fluid okay ☐ Power-steering fluid okay ☐ Brake fluid okay ☐ Radiator coolant greenish okay
☐ Battery liquid/color of “eye” okay ☐ Automatic transmission fluid okay (check with engine running) ☐ Windshield washer fluid okay
UNDERNEATH
☐ No drips beneath car ☐ Constant-velocity boots intact ☐ Tailpipe residue gray, not black or oily ☐ Pipes, muffler, and catalytic converter okay
Notes From Mechanic’s Inspection:

GET YOUR
CAR FIXED
(ALMOST)
FOR FREE
But you have to know about
these “secret warranties”
in order to benefit
Nothing’s more frustrating special, unadvertised automaker extended warranty for the These so-called “secret
to a car owner than a vehicle programs that provide free engine assembly (including the warranties” usually come about
whose paint starts peeling or or discounted service work. engine block, crankshaft when automakers discover that
whose roof is leaking just a few Though manufacturers often call and bearings, connecting rods some component or system
years after leaving the dealer’s these programs “service actions” and bearings, and pistons). in a given model is failing
lot. Having to make expensive, or “customer-satisfaction Similarly, some Subaru Legacys, at a greater rate than expected.
post-warranty repairs sends campaigns,: many people refer Outbacks, Imprezas, WRXs, They learn about the problems
PHOTO: ISTOCKPHOTO
a signal to consumers that says: to them as secret or hidden Crosstreks, and Foresters from from numerous sources,
You’re getting ripped off. warranties because they’re rarely 2016 to 2017 may qualify for including complaints to their
Fortunately, you can often announced to the public. an extension to the new car customer service departments
save hundreds, or even Here are two examples: powertrain limited warranty for and reports from dealers.
thousands, of dollars in repair Owners of 2011 to 2014 Hyundai additional coverage of the con- Other tip-offs are an unusual
bills by taking advantage of Sonatas may qualify for an tinuously variable transmission. number of warranty claims

for a specific problem or a carmaker is offering to owners. expired, car owners often go of free repairs, offering a fairly
rapid decline in spare-parts If your car develops a notable to a local, independent repair generous warranty extension on
inventories. problem that’s not connected shop rather than to the dealer. some brake components.
Programs that offer subsidized to wear and tear or collision If so, they may end up paying It’s also important to be aware
or free repairs are usually damage, it might be worth for an expensive repair that could that your car can be repaired
presented as a “warranty checking whether there’s a TSB have been done free. free as part of a recall. Unlike
extension,” because they last related to it. Even if no warranty Owners may never learn that a TSB service campaign, official
for a specified time and mileage. extension is offered, a TSB their problem is a common safety recalls are comprehensive,
Occasionally, they’re good for tells you that the problem is one that’s recognized by the widely publicized, and good for
a limited number of years well-known to the automaker, automaker, which could be a key the life of the vehicle.
from the original purchase date which could give you more to getting a break on repair costs. Despite that, the National
but have no mileage limit. leverage in negotiating a discount TSBs can hint at a safety Highway Traffic Safety
They’re often enacted in the on the repair. problem that the automaker Administration estimates that
name of good customer service. doesn’t want to recognize. That only about 75 percent of the
Sometimes, though, a free-repair THE PROBLEM WITH was the case with the faulty vehicles recalled for a safety
program is instituted as KEEPING WARRANTIES ignition switches on Chevrolet defect ever get the repair
part of the settlement of a SECRET Cobalts and other models done. CarFax calculates that
class-action lawsuit brought It’s easy to understand why that General Motors recalled in about 52 million cars on the road
by consumers. carmakers aren’t in a hurry to 2014. General Motors had sent have unfulfilled recalls.
At any given time, you’ll find broadcast the existence of a its dealers TSBs about those It’s easy to find out whether
one or two of these out-of- free fix. Usually, only a small cars’ flimsy switches as early as your car has an open recall.
warranty service actions from percentage of a given model’s 2005, but it apparently didn’t Contact the service department
many manufacturers. Honda, production run will exhibit the consider that a noteworthy of any franchised dealer, give
however, and its upscale Acura problem. Carmakers don’t want safety problem at the time. Only them your car’s VIN, and ask that
division stand out with a half- tens of thousands of customers after GM was successfully sued they check for any recalls. You
dozen or more. Because CR’s who don’t have the problem did the magnitude of the safety can also check the automaker’s
survey data show that Honda showing up at dealerships, de- ramifications come to light. website or SaferCar.gov. Look
and Acura vehicles, in general, manding the free repair “just Similarly, Toyota dealers in the “Owners” section and have
are among the most reliable in case.” received two service bulletins we your VIN handy.
on the road, the company’s high But the hush-hush approach know of regarding faulty brakes
number of service campaigns has several downsides: on the 2007–2011 Toyota Camry WHERE TO LEARN MORE
suggests that it has been Once the basic warranty has Hybrid. Toyota notified owners Technical service bulletins can
unusually generous to customers. be hard for consumers to come
So just how secret are secret by. You can search for free
warranties? Often, when an summaries of them at SaferCar
automaker initiates a service .gov, the government’s auto-
campaign, it sends a notification Secret Fix safety website. Enter your car’s
letter to all known owners. But Owners should have make, model, and year in the
second or third owners of that the dealer check “Owners” section, and click on
car may not receive it. Even for TSBs. the “Service Bulletins” tab.
among those who do, the letter But be warned, the sum-
may be mislaid or mistakenly maries are often vague. You
thrown away. In other cases, can order the full TSB text
though, there is no advance (free up to 100 pages) by mail,
notice, and car owners find out though that may take four to
about it only if a dealer tells them six weeks. However, a dealer or
or they discover it on their own. repair shop may share them
All of the warranty extensions if you ask.
we’ve found are included in You can also purchase
technical service bulletins current TSBs for your car from
(TSB) that automakers send Alldatadiy.com ($29.95/year)
to their dealers’ service or Mitchell 1 DIY at eautorepair
departments. TSBs usually .net ($29.95/year).
describe a common problem You can find more informa-
the automaker has learned tion about auto repairs and
about and provide detailed maintenance on CR’s website
PHOTO: GET T Y IMAGES
instructions on how the service (CR.org/carrepair). Also, go

technician should fix it. However, to CR.org/carsafety to check
a small number of TSBs also for any open recalls on your
contain information about car with plain-English interpreta-
special warranties related to the tions or the recall prepared by
problem or other remedies the certified mechanics.

4
THINK
BEFORE
YOU BUY
Key strategies to help you avoid mistakes that will keep
you paying too much—sometimes for years to come.
We’ll show you how and where

to compare auto loans, why it’s
important to know your credit score
before you apply for a loan, and
the advantages and disadvantages of
the conventional—or alternative—auto-
financing methods available today.
62
63
4 Buying & Financing Strategies
Watch Your Total Cost Another key consideration is that very little. Another concern is that long-
Whether you’re buying from a dealer- the loan’s duration can significantly term loans lengthen the time before
ship or a private seller, it’s critical to affect both your monthly payment you begin building equity in the vehicle.
comparison shop for a loan. Getting and the total cost of your financing. With a 60-month loan, it may take
preapproved will allow you to jump A shorter term means higher monthly 18 months of paying or more before the
on a good deal without any lingering payments but less money paid overall. car is worth more than you owe.
red tape to delay the process. For example, if you borrow $15,000 So if you want to trade in or sell the
Ultimately, you want to balance a at a 6.5 percent APR for 36 months, car early, the price you’ll get won’t
loan’s total cost against an affordable your monthly payment will be $460 cover what you still owe—this is called
monthly payment. But if you simply and the total interest will be $1,550. being “upside down” or “underwater.”
concentrate on the payment, you’ll The same loan over 60 months would If the car is stolen or destroyed, your
increase the chances of ending up lower the monthly payment to $293— insurance payout won’t be enough to
with a bad deal. When comparing more than $160 less—but increase the pay off the balance of your loan.
loans, focus on the annual percentage interest by $1,060, to a total of $2,610. To prevent this problem, ask for a
rate (APR) figure. A lower rate can Today, dealers often advertise low shorter loan and make a significant
produce significant long-term savings. monthly payments by extending loan down payment. When financing a car,
For example, a three-year, $15,000 terms to as long as seven years. These we recommend having a trade-in or
loan at 5 percent APR would save you long-term loans often have higher inter- down payment worth at least 20 per-
almost $500 overall, compared with the est rates and can leave buyers still pay- cent of the total cost of the vehicle.
same loan at 7 percent. Over a longer- ing for a car that’s more than a decade
term loan, this hidden cost multiplies. old, requires costly repairs, and worth Understand Your Credit Score
Before you apply for a loan, it’s wise
to check your credit to find out where
you stand in the eyes of potential
lenders. After all, you’ll need good
Plan Ahead
Check your credit enough credit to qualify for the cheap-
score before you est, lowest-interest auto loans.
start shopping for According to Experian—one of the
a car so you know
big-three credit bureaus—about
what to expect.
65 percent of all new-car auto loans
last year were granted to people with
“Prime” or better credit standing,
and about 30 percent of borrowers
were in the highest category, called
“Super Prime” in Experian’s parlance.
You can obtain your credit informa-
tion from the three big credit-reporting
agencies, also called credit bureaus,
which monitor consumers’ credit
information. In addition to Experian,
there’s TransUnion and Equifax.
They all track your past and present
borrowing behavior and generate a
three-digit score that supposedly sum-
marizes your creditworthiness.
By law, you’re entitled to one free
report from each of the major credit
bureaus every 12 months. To order your
reports, go to annualcreditreport.com.
When the reports arrive, scrutinize
them for errors. You can challenge any
mistakes you find, and it’s smart to
correct any misinformation.

Remember, a report is not the same They differ from agency to agency
as a credit score, which is often offered for several reasons. Credit bureaus
for free by banks, credit cards, and AVOID might not gather the same information
credit unions. on you. And you might see scores
If you’ve ever had a bank loan, install- THE BUMP that use different scales: 300 to 900,
ment loan, or credit card, informa- VERIFY YOUR 300 to 850, or something similar.
tion regarding your account will appear INTEREST What they’re not is the exact score
on your reports. Among other factors, that any given lender may be using to
credit bureaus track your total available
RATE judge your loan application. Lenders
credit, current debt, and how much buy scoring software from FICO and
of your available credit you are using. other providers. They have no obligation
You may also find negative information: One way dealerships make to show you the score they are using to
late payments, missed payments, judg- additional money on judge your creditworthiness.
ments, write-offs, and bankruptcies. used cars is through an auto- Scoring tiers. Lenders usually divide
financing trick called
Your scores will certainly differ, at credit scores into tiers, or categories. It
“interest-rate bumping.”
least a little, from one agency to another. Here’s how it works: After
might be a simple five-step one, such as
Each may gather information from a reviewing your credit history Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor, and Bad.
slightly different list of creditors, and and score, the finance In recent analyses of consumer credit
they each use different algorithms to company or bank used by behavior, Experian has been using these
turn your credit activity into a score. the dealership determines tiers: Super Prime (781+), Prime (661-
you are eligible for a loan
Many scores, little control. Credit 780), Nonprime (601-660), Subprime
rate of, say, 6 percent
scores are often generically called FICO per year. But the dealership (501-600), and Deep Subprime (under
scores. That’s because a firm called can bump up the rate by 500). The average score of all borrowers,
Fair Isaac Company developed the most three percentage points— (new and used) in the fourth quarter of
widely used scoring algorithms—soft- or more—and keep that 2018 was 689, which is very good.
money for themselves.
ware it sells to the credit-reporting agen- Different providers may put the cut-
Moreover, the dealership
cies and lenders. Fair Isaac refines its doesn’t have to tell you that a off points between categories at dif-
FICO software much like programmers lower rate is possible. ferent places. For instance, a score of
trot out successive generations of apps. This practice is allowed 680 might be considered prime in one
Those algorithms are also tweaked for by finance companies, and system and nonprime in another.
provides an incentive to the
different lenders for different purposes. Lenders, however, can put the cut-
dealer for this additional
That means that there are many profit. On an $18,000 five- off points wherever they want accord-
versions of FICO score in circulation, year loan, an increase of ing to their own business needs. For
used by mortgage companies, credit three percentage points auto lenders such as the car companies’
card issuers, auto lenders, and others. would take an additional financing arms, the amount of your
Depending on who is pulling a score $1,560 out of your pocket down payment can significantly change
and give it to the dealer.
on you, your credit history may gener- the tier they put you in.
This is often how dealers
ate more than 60 different scores. You The tier you land in can make a huge
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: KONSTANTIN PELIKH/AL AMY STOCK PHOTO
make up for negotiating a

should realize, too, that your credit low sale price on a car. difference in the APR you’ll pay. In
score fluctuates throughout the year as A former salesman told us 2018, people in the highest tier were
various loan balances change, you that if the customer ques- paying less than 3.5 percent on new-car
tioned the rate, he would say,
apply for new credit, or close existing loans. Subprime borrowers were pay-
“I’m really sorry. It’s not up
accounts. Those are good reasons not to us; it’s up to the bank.” ing, on average, more than 12 percent.
to obsess too much on the scoring Prevent this by shopping In addition to that score, lenders
number and on modest differences for a loan at banks and credit make decisions on whether to approve
you may see between the different unions before you visit the a loan, how much to lend you, and at
dealership so that you can
scores you might obtain. what interest rate based solely on their
compare rates.
When you buy or obtain your free needs. And they may consider all sorts
once-a-year scores from the credit- of factors—like income and work his-
reporting agencies, what you get is tory—that credit bureaus don’t track.
branded as the PLUS score, which You could have perfectly good
is a credit score with some finishing credit, but a lender might be looking
touches incorporated by the agencies. to make more subprime loans.

Applying for loans can lower your with your Visa payment, as long as you Paying cash. It’s long been an article of
credit score, so be careful how many pay your car loan on time every time. faith that paying cash is the cheapest way
times you apply in a short period of What’s vexing to many consumers, to finance a car. Write a check once, and
time, and only apply when you’re ready however, is that they have no legal right you do away with the burden of monthly
to buy a car. Getting turned down for to see that “auto adjusted” loan score payments forever. The only downside of
a loan does not hurt your score. free of charge. That puts consumers at pulling money out of your personal till is
Lenders’ “secret” scores. When lend- a disadvantage. If the score is wildly dif- what’s called “opportunity cost.” That’s
ers make various kinds of loans, such ferent from a regular FICO score, they the interest or dividends you’ll give up on
as auto loans or home mortgages, they can’t learn why or do anything about it. the money you part with, and the oppor-
often use scoring models adapted for If you’ve had a positive auto-loan tunity to do something else with it.
the purpose, which produce different history, it’s probably safe to assume that Even though interest rates are ris-
scores from those you obtain for your auto-loan score will reflect it. The ing, borrowed money is still relatively
yourself from the credit bureaus. reverse is also true. If you discover that cheap for people with good credit.
In the auto loan area there are, for your credit-bureau report shows nega- Car-company subsidized loans are often
instance, scoring models called “auto tive information about your prior auto- available that bring rates even lower
enhanced” or “auto industry” variants. loan performance that isn’t true, you than bank rates. If you’re contemplat-
They’re based on formulas that should contest that information, both ing taking money out of an investment
give more weight to your past auto with the credit bureau and with that pays you a reliable 5 percent, say,
finance-specific behavior. the creditor that’s bad-mouthing you. then you may be better off borrowing
If you’ve made late payments or the cheap money.
defaulted on a car loan, it will ding your Financing Alternatives As always, weigh the total cost of the
“auto” score more than otherwise. Simi- Financing through a bank or the dealer loan, all the payments, including taxes
larly, if you’ve been really good with auto is the way most people pay for vehicles, and fees, vs. what your capital would be
payments, your score could be higher but it’s not the only way. While con- worth if you left it alone. In the case of a
than the one used by a credit card issuer. ventional borrowing may be the most subsidized low-interest loan, you’ll want
An auto lender might not care, for advantageous in the long run, there are to be careful that the cheap financing
instance, that you’re chronically late some other payment options: doesn’t mean you can’t bargain the price
down from the sticker price in order to
qualify. You may also find that the sav-
ings are minimal compared with
the aggravation of monthly payments.
Home equity. Mortgage lenders have,
for many years, been willing to make

additional loans secured by the equity
in your home, either as a single sum,
a home equity loan, or a home equity
line of credit (HELOC), essentially an
open-ended line of credit that you can
draw on when you want to.
However, rising interest rates and
new changes to the tax code make it less
attractive to use your home’s equity to
finance a vehicle. Now, borrowers
can no longer deduct interest from
a home equity loan if it’s used for pur-
poses outside of buying, building, or
By the Book
substantially improving a home, such
A car's basic retail as purchasing a car. HELOCs may also
value is just the have variable rates that can increase

start of determin-
monthly payments as rates rise.
ing the right price
on a used car you But the biggest danger with either
are considering. option is the risk to your home. With
a conventional auto loan, the vehicle

itself is the collateral. But with either a
home equity loan or HELOC, the
collateral is your home. If something hap- Comparing Retail vs.
pens and you can’t make the payments,
your home could be in jeopardy. That’s Wholesale Pricing
a big risk to take for an auto loan.
401(k) loans. It’s theoretically possi-
ble to borrow money from your 401(k), To show the difference between what the dealer paid for a car (the wholesale
but check with your plan administra- price) and what that dealer would charge you (the retail price), we collected
tor to see whether using the money for data from several 3-year-old models with 36,000 miles.
a non-essential like a car is allowed.
Usually, such loans are made to cover $34,300 Retail
a medical emergency or a first-home Wholesale
down payment.
One benefit of a 401(k) loan is that
$ $25,700
interest rates are low—usually the prime
rate plus 1 or 2 percent. Another is that $
you’re borrowing money from yourself, $19,000
so the interest you pay goes back into
$
your own kitty. $14,100 $ $ $15,775
There are a few significant down-
sides. The first is opportunity cost—the $ $ $
lost earnings on the capital you with-
draw. The repayment, generally limited $ $ $ $
to five years or less, comes straight out
of your paycheck, which may tempt $ $ $ $ $
you to reduce your regular 401(k) con-
$ $ $ $ $
tribution. If you should lose your job or
change plans, you may have to repay
$11,150 $31,750 $23,450 $12,900 $17,175
the balance in full within 60 days.
Ford Chevrolet Dodge Honda Toyota
Then if you don’t repay the loan at Fusion SE Silverado 1500 Durango Civic EX RAV4
all, you face taxes and early withdrawal 2.5 FWD LTZ Z51 Crew Limited Sedan XLE AWD
penalties, which could put a big dent Cab 4WD AWD V6
in your nest egg.
Credit cards. You also can purchase
a vehicle, at least in part, with a credit

card draft or cash advance. This is a
bad idea, as cash advances often have back or airline miles, make sure you There is a far wider range of outlets
additional fees and high interest rates. have enough money on hand and pay it for a used vehicle than a new one, and
Even if you receive a promotional off before it incurs any interest. both price and vehicle quality can vary.
offer with low introductory rates and Here, we’ll discuss the pros and
cash-advance fee waivers—which usually Where to Buy Your Car cons of shopping at different used-car
comes in the mail with blank “conve- Prices can vary substantially depending outlets, from traditional dealerships
nience checks” and a letter encouraging on mileage, condition, options, the geo- to websites. We’ll also show you how
you to pay off other credit balances—it’s graphic location of the car, and whether to assess a vehicle’s true value so
a bad idea. That’s because card interest you buy it from a large dealer, a small that you don’t end up overpaying.
rates can climb dramatically once the used-car lot, or a private owner. And when you’re ready to buy, we’ll
attractive introductory rate expires. If Once you’ve decided which models give you advice on how to negotiate
you’re a day late on a single payment, it interest you most, the best strategy the asking price so that you can get
could rise higher still. A loan like that is is to cast a wide net into the used-car the best deal possible.
possibly the worst way to finance a car. market and focus on those models New-car dealers. Nearly all fran-
If you do use a credit card to make that give you the best combination of chised dealers have a used-car depart-
a down payment in order to earn cash features, quality, and price. ment, which tends to feature late-model

vehicles (2 or 3 years old) that often arrange financing for you. Some of these have to cover the overhead of a busi-
carry the remainder of the original war- loans are handled by traditional banks ness and frequently just wants to get rid
ranty or are Certified Pre-Owned with and lenders, but other independent of the vehicle. But an owner may not be
an extended warranty. Many dealers dealers may specialize in working with aware of trouble signs that a dealership
won’t bother with cars more than 4 or customers with a shaky credit history. or service station would recognize.
5 years old, or ones that are difficult to Such financing is often what’s called a Additionally, you’ll have to have financ-
sell, so their stock is fairly up to date. subprime loan and may carry a very ing in place before you buy.
Auto superstores. Superstores high interest rate, extra fees, or stiff pen- Sometimes “private sellers” fix up
are dealerships with huge lots and alties. Be careful. Whether the financ- and sell rebuilt vehicles with salvage
scores of cars to sell. CarMax, for ing is easy to arrange or not, don’t sign titles (see page 57), or are actually
instance, is a large chain that sells cars something you don’t understand or buy so-called curbstoners—dealership
at no-haggle prices. These so-called a car you know you can’t afford even employees who pose as private
auto malls have numerous brands if you’re approved for a loan. sellers to build trust. Beware a seller
under the same roof or stores that share Independent mechanics. Some me- who seems unaware of a vehicle’s his-
the same chunk of real estate, making chanics have a sideline business selling tory or who is selling it for a “friend.”
it easy to compare cars. used cars. They may not have many Always have a vehicle thoroughly in-
Independent used-car dealers. cars to sell, but prices are often better spected by an independent mechanic.
These are apt to handle any make, than those you’ll find at a dealership. Shopping online. Used cars aren’t
and the vehicles can run the gamut An added benefit is that the station may necessarily cheaper online, but the
from the almost-new to the junker- have serviced the car throughout its web provides an easy way to find out
in-waiting. Some dealers specialize life, giving its mechanics knowledge prices for various models for sale in
in late-model cars and are affiliated of the car’s repair history. Still, take it your area. You may find, however, that
with new-car franchises. If the elsewhere to have an impartial inspec- many offerings are located inconve-
dealership has been around for a long tion performed. niently far from home, or that listings
time and has a good reputation Private owners. You can usually get are erroneous or incomplete.
locally, that’s a good sign. the best price if you buy a car from its Used-car websites typically ask you
Many used-car dealerships can previous owner. A private party doesn’t to fill in some search parameters:
Santander, an international bank if you decide to apply for a loan.

that also has a large consumer- It’s a good way to control where
WHERE TO SHOP finance division in the U.S.

Here’s a rundown on the types
your personal information goes,
and you might walk out the door
FOR A CAR LOAN of lending institutions:

Banks generally have very
with a pretty good offer.
Credit unions operate a bit
specific, conservative loan like banks, but they are usually
policies, and some of them may nonprofits owned by their
cater only to those borrowers depositors, with lower operating
with a better credit standing. costs than banks. That lets them
As such, these institutions are lend money at lower rates than
The auto-finance business is Some of the best deals come in a position to offer some very banks charge. Many, but not all,
enormous, with hundreds of from those captives, especially competitive loan rates. Bank credit unions lend money only to
institutions making hundreds of when the automaker itself is offerings vary tremendously, their members. However, it can
PHOTO: BOSTON GLOBE /GET T Y IMAGES
billions of dollars’ worth of car subsidizing the loans. Other lend- though, and some make more be easy to join a credit union and
loans every year. The largest ers include credit unions, local loans to people with marginal some make loans to people who
lenders are big national banks banks, and finance companies. credit than others. don’t have deposit accounts with
like Bank of America, Capital Consumer finance companies Because you probably have them. The website Credit.com
One, Chase, and Wells Fargo. aren’t banks—they don’t take a relationship with at least one maintains links to several credit
Other big players are the “cap- deposits—and many of them bank already, your local branch unions that make loans to the
tive” finance companies belong- specialize in making high-interest- might be a good place to start. general public.
ing to automakers, such as rate subprime loans. Big names Most banks have websites where Online lenders can be com-
Ford Motor Credit and Toyota there include Westlake Financial, you can check their current loan petitive and also very convenient
Financial Services. Credit Acceptance Corp., and rates, but stop by a branch office to use. Sites such as Clearlane,

the make and model in which you’re
interested, your price range, and the
region (usually based on your ZIP code) PUT AWAY THE PLASTIC
where you’d like to shop. Try to limit

your search to locations that are easy
Using a credit card cash advance to finance
to reach. You’ll get a list of vehicles that a car purchase is a terrible idea. That’s
fit your criteria, along with a way to because issuers can add hidden fees, and
contact the seller. Because many sellers
are car dealerships, most sites provide interest rates can climb dramatically.
direct links to the dealership websites.
Many services also let you place a clas-
sified ad for selling your old car. serious misrepresentation. You can looking for is still available before visit-
Online auctions (eBay Motors is by arrange to have the vehicle inspected ing any seller, whether it’s a dealership
far the largest) are another route. The through a paid service on the site. Fed- or a private party.
auction system is a little different from eral, state, and local government agen- No matter how much of the transac-
standard price negotiation. On eBay, cies use online auction sites to dispose tion you conduct by phone or email,
once you enter a bid it’s like signing of surplus vehicles. They are well main- it’s important to inspect the vehicle in
a contract to buy. The winning bidder tained, but often lack desirable options. person and take it for a test-drive (see
is obligated by the bid, and the seller Problems we’ve noticed with used- Chapter 3 for details) before you buy.
is obligated to accept it. car websites include scam ads meant
If there is a reserve, it must be met to trick you into giving out personal What’s It Really Worth?
or the auction will expire without a information or money for a deal that’s Whether you are buying from a dealer-
transaction. Though an auction gives “too good to be true.” Some sellers are ship or a private party, it’s important
you an opportunity to snap up a slow to update their offerings as inven- to know a vehicle’s current cash value.
bargain, it also means you have com- tories change, making it a challenge to This depends on many factors, includ-
mitted to the deal, unless it turns even find available common models. ing the vehicle’s age, mileage, condition,
out that the seller has made some Always make sure the vehicle you’re trim level, optional equipment, and
E-Loan, and LendingTree farm its reputation with the Better

out your request to numerous Business Bureau (bbb.org).
lenders, netting you several offers. Dealerships arrange loans from
At the same time, individual automakers but also work with
lenders like Capital One, Wells banks and other independent
Fargo, and Chase also have sources. One benefit to working
online loan operations. through a dealer is convenience.
Online financing has a down- But the rates they quote often in-
side, however. It may be difficult clude a markup for the dealership
to control where the information itself. You may be able to negoti-
you provide about yourself goes, ate the dealer’s initial quote down
and you may be bombarded with to something attractive. But you
email and phone calls from lend- must do your homework.
ers you never heard of or con- Beware: Some dealers advertise
tacted in the first place. that they work with buyers who
If you do make an online appli- have poor credit, but you should
cation, look out for up-front fees count on paying a high APR for
you may have to pay. Avoid loans the privilege. Many “buy here,
with prepayment penalties that pay here” lots will add on extra
make it hard to refinance in the fees or extend loans as long as 8
future. And check each website’s years, and may not help you build
privacy policy before providing credit by reporting your on-time
personal information. If you’re un- payments to credit bureaus. Try a
familiar with the lender, check credit union or bank first.
69
even where it’s being sold. All used cars you can often get a better fix on a ve- Even if you have your heart set on one
have two prices: retail and wholesale. hicle’s worth by localizing your search, specific model, be assured there are
Retail price. The higher of the two whether it is by checking the classified likely to be similar ones for sale.
prices, this is what you would expect and dealer ads in local newspapers or In general, negotiating the price of
to pay if you were buying a car at a classified-ad publications. Sometimes a used car is far less harrowing than
dealership. If you are buying it from a it’s difficult to sort out the private if you were buying a new car. Dealers
private seller, you can usually expect sellers from the dealer ads. Look for often make more money on a used car
to pay a lower price. Retail is also vehicles similar to your target in terms than a new car, so there’s more wiggle
considerably higher than the price of model year, mileage, trim level, room. Private sellers can be stubborn
you’ll receive for your trade-in, options, and condition. about pricing, but are unlikely to have
because it includes a profit margin You can also check online used-car the experience and resources to play
for the dealership. sites, which let you limit searches to hardball negotiation games.
Wholesale price/trade-in value. your general geographic area and Still, never negotiate under pressure.
This is essentially a car’s trade-in value instantly get a listing of nearby cars for Salespeople may assure you they won’t
to a dealer, that will likely sell it to sale and their prices. Prices in other re- pressure you, but then still do it in a
someone else for profit. Understand- gions may vary from those in your area. subtle way, like by claiming that some-
ably, the trade-in price is much lower one else is interested in the same car.
than the retail price, and it is unlikely Even if it’s true, don’t feel you have to
you could buy a used car for this price. make a deal or a deposit immediately—
But it’s a figure you should know THE VITAL STATISTIC there are always other cars out there.
if you’re deciding whether to trade in If you’re buying at a dealership, nego-
your vehicle or sell it yourself.
In the wholesale end of the business,
a car can actually command several
% tiate one thing at a time. First settle on
the price for the vehicle you’re buying,
then discuss your trade-in and financ-
prices. One is what the dealer offers a ing separately. Salespeople often try to
customer as a trade-in. Then there’s get you to focus on your monthly pay-
a dealer-to-dealer price when one dealer ment. They will lump the whole process
sells that car to another. If the car together, which gives him or her too
goes to a wholesale auction, which is much leeway to give you a “good deal”
only open to car dealers, then there in one area while making up for it in
is an auction price. Every step, the Percentage of used-car another. Be sure to double-check the
middlemen take a markup and the car loans with a payback term dealer’s math, too, as you don’t want to
acquires a new “value.” longer than five years overpay for their mistake.
Find the book value. The first step SOURCE: Experian
Based on your homework, you
in assessing a used vehicle’s true worth should have a good idea of how much
is to check its book value. This is the you’re willing to pay. Begin by making
figure you’ll find in pricing guides and an offer that is 15 to 25 percent lower
used-car websites, which list a vehicle’s Knowing what other sellers of similar than this figure. Name your offer and
base retail value. To get a more accu- vehicles are asking can provide ammu- wait until the person you’re negotiating
rate figure, you must factor in any nition for you to bid lower on the car with responds. Be courteous, but hold
options, as well as mileage and condi- you want. Keep in mind that listed to your original figure after receiving
tion. Most websites let you do this prices are the asking prices, not what any counteroffer.
online, then give you adjusted figures. people are paying. Assume that all such If you must move up your offer, do it
Check ConsumerReports.org as well prices are negotiable. One advantage in small increments. If the gap between
as Kelley Blue Book (kbb.com), the to eBay is that you can check completed the two sides is, say, $1,000 or less, move
National Automobile Dealers Association auctions for the actual sale prices. your bid $100 at a time. State clearly
(nadaguides.com), and VMR (vmrintl. when you have reached your last offer—
com). Checking several sources will give Negotiate Effectively and stick to it.
you more pricing information when you The first rule of buying a car is not to fall Don’t be afraid to say your offer is
begin haggling with potential buyers. in love with any specific one. Cars are fair, final, and good for 24 hours only.
What are sellers asking? Though commodities, not people. The used-car If the seller won’t budge, be prepared
printed pricing guides and online market is huge, and there is more than to walk away rather than pay more
estimates can give you a general idea, one model that should fit your needs. than you know is a fair price.

CR’S DEAL SHEET USE THIS WORKSHEET TO TRACK THE DETAILS OF YOUR TRANSACTION.
THE NUMBERS
P U RC H A S E P R I C E $
S U BTR AC T: T R A D E- I N A L LOWA N C E -$
R E BATE O R OTH E R C A S H I N C E NTIV E -$
D OW N PAY M E NT ( D U E O N D EL I V ERY ) -$
D E P OS IT -$
EQ UA L S: A M O U N T TO B E FI N A N C ED BY LOA N $
I NTE R E S T R ATE % ( EN T ER A N N UA L PERC EN TAG E R AT E )
LOA N TE R M ( I N M O N T H S)
M O NTH LY PU RC H A S E PAY M E NT ( V ER I F Y W I T H A N O N L I N E AU TO
$
LOA N C A LC U L ATO R )
TOTA L VA LU E O F PAY M E NT S (OV ER D U R AT I O N O F LOA N ) $
O D O M E TE R R E A D I N G ( AT T I M E O F P U RC H A S E )
D E LIV E RY DATE O F V E H I C LE
VEHICLE DESCRIPTION
Year: Make: Model: Trimline:
Body: ☐ Sedan ☐ Hatchback ☐ Coupe ☐ Convertible ☐ Wagon ☐ Minivan ☐ Pickup ☐ SUV
Color: VIN:

5
GET TOP
DOLLAR
FOR YOUR
OLD CAR
To get the most money when selling or trading
in your car, know what it’s worth and clean it up
so that it looks its best.
Figuring out how to dispose of your current

vehicle isn’t as exciting as getting a new
ride, but be careful. You could get a great
deal on your new car but lose all the
savings—and more—on your old one. You
typically get the most money by selling
your car yourself. But many people like the
convenience of trading it in and are willing
to take less money for it. In this chapter, we’ll
look at the advantages and disadvantages
of both strategies.
72
73
5 Selling or Trading In
What Is Your Car’s Value? WHAT TO EXPECT away if you sell your car yourself.
Whether selling or trading in, it’s impor- A real downside of trading in your
tant to know your car’s cash value.
If you sell the vehicle yourself, you’ll % vehicle is that you might leave behind
hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars.
often get more than the wholesale price, The best you can hope for when trading
but you might not be able to get what a in is the wholesale price, which is
car dealer would. significantly less than what you could
If you decide to trade in your cur- get if you sold it yourself. In addition,
rent car, expect to get something close even if you’ve checked all the pricing
to its wholesale value after taking all sources and think you know what your
variables (options, mileage, condition, vehicle is worth, you’ll have to haggle
and so on) into consideration. Some This is how much lower the with a salesperson to get the best deal.
trade-in value of a 2016 Toyota
dealerships will try to give you less You might also encounter another
RAV4 is than its retail price.
money for it so that they can make problem: If a dealer already has six
SOURCE: Black Book Used Car Values.
more profit when they resell it. used silver Chevrolet Malibus on the lot,
In addition, it’s good to get quotes he or she isn’t likely to pay top dollar for
from some dealerships first. This lets yours. And if your trade-in isn’t one the
you find an easily obtainable trade- dealer wants, it will probably be sent to
in price before you begin negotiating. Trade In Your Old Car? Less auction and discounted accordingly.
Start by making your car present- Effort—but Also Less Money. Just remember, no matter how
able, then take it to CarMax or a similar Many buyers prefer the simplicity of tired you may be of your current vehicle,
used-car superstore, or the used-car trading in their vehicle. You can a dealership isn’t doing you a favor
departments of local dealerships. Ask apply the trade-in amount to your down by taking it off your hands. If the deal-
what they would give you in a straight- payment, reducing how much you ership buys your car, it’s because
out sale. This is the minimum to have to finance. If you still owe money there’s an inviting profit for them at the
expect if you trade in your car, so you on your car, the dealer can deduct end of the transaction.
can negotiate with confidence. that amount from your trade. How to get the most money. There
There’s another advantage to having There can be tax advantages, too. Most are several things you can do to maxi-
this information: If you’re being states require that sales tax be paid mize the value of your trade-in:
lowballed on your trade-in, you can only on the difference between the price A vehicle’s appearance is an important
always simply refuse the offer and of your trade-in and the vehicle you consideration when a used-car manager
sell your vehicle to the dealer that gave are buying, not the full price of the car estimates its value. (See below to
you a better quote. you buy. However, this tax benefit goes learn how to improve curb appeal.)
Depending on its condi- of grime. But preparing car-wash detergent.

tion, you can spruce up the car for sale may Alloy wheels should be
MAXIMIZE the car yourself or take it

to a professional detailer.
involve bodywork, paint
touch-ups, and heavy-
scrubbed thoroughly
to remove road film and
CURB APPEAL Prices generally start

around $100 for a full
duty buffing.
As with all do-it-yourself
grime. Use a stiff-bristled
brush with a detergent
detail treatment but can projects, the more elbow or cleaner that is safe
Making your vehicle look as rapidly increase depend- grease you invest, the less for all wheels. Non-
good as possible can pay ing on the region, type you’ll need to pay some- automotive cleaners can
of vehicle, and amount of one else. Here are some eat away the protec-
big dividends by improving work needed. Detailing tips on how to get the best tive coating on certain
its value and sales appeal. sometimes isn’t much results from your efforts: factory wheels. Once
more than an extra- everything is dry, apply
good job of polishing the SPIFF UP THE tire dressing to give the
body and cleaning the EXTERIOR rubber a new-car look.
inside, plus removing Give your vehicle a Then inspect the paint
every smudge and scrap thorough cleaning with and assess any damage,

Showroom Shine
Nobody wants
someone else’s
dirty car. Get top
dollar by cleaning
it before selling
it or trading it in.
noting scratches, stone put a shine back in the there is damage to the using an appropriate a paintless dent repair
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: J USTIN SULLIVAN/GET T Y IMAGES.
chips, and dents. If the paint. Based on our tests, substrate or damage polish and microfiber service, such as DentPro
paint is in good condi- we favor liquid waxes for to a large area, then see cloths. Don’t use an (dentpro.com). They use
tion, you may need the best cleaning results. a professional.” Let the electric rotary buffer special tools to massage
only a coat of wax. Your You can fix small paint dry for at least a unless you know what out small dents from the
car probably has a scratches and chips your- day or two before polish- you’re doing. Done inside. Your mechanic,
clearcoat outer layer, so self with touch-up paint. ing the car. improperly, you can body shop, or car dealer
make sure the wax you “If there is a chip that Fine surface abrasions easily burn through the can help you find a ser-
PHOTO, THIS PAGE: JOHNÉR /OFFSET
use is marked “safe for does not reach the sub- or scratches in the paint paint or leave perma- vice. Costs range from
clearcoats.” Avoid abra- strate, then a simple can be professionally nent swirl marks. $50 to $150 per dent.
sive products, which are cosmetic touch-up works buffed out at a body shop Some do-it-yourself
meant to remove paint very well and can be or car-wash center. This REMOVE SMALL DENTS dent-removal kits are
or to shine a dull finish. If completed by anyone,” will improve the car’s Having a body shop advertised on infomercials
your paint finish is a little says Dennis Taljan, a appearance, but it will fix unsightly dents and and online, costing about
dull, look for a product general manager at PPG, cost between $100 and dings can be costly. If $20 to $30. Essentially,
that both polishes and which produces car paints $200. You can hand- there’s no paint damage,
protects. This could help and other products. “If polish the car yourself you may be able to use Continued on next page

5 Selling or Trading In
If your car needs repairs, get an esti- cars. You may still be able to sell this your trade-in. Dealers often make more
mate to take with you to the dealership. kind of car privately, or to an auto money reselling your car than they
This could provide a little bargaining recycler for parts. do on a new-car deal, so they have more
power when the dealer’s estimator starts Negotiating the trade-in. You’ll flexibility with a trade-in offer.
deducting repair costs from the figure get the best deal by keeping the purchase Keep your eye on the bottom line.
offered to you. Be aware that it costs and trade-in negotiations separate. What’s important is the net amount
a dealership a lot less to make repairs Combining the two allows salespeople you have to pay. Be sure to read and
at its own shop than the retail price to manipulate the deals so that a good understand any sales contract before
you’ve been quoted. price in one area could be canceled out you sign it. If you have a problem with
Keep in mind that dealers might not by a poor price in the other. any terms or conditions, ask questions.
offer any trade-in money for older, First, nail down the price of the car You have little recourse after you sign.
high-mileage, or exceptionally tired you want to purchase, then discuss
Sell It Yourself: More Effort—
but Also More Money
Selling your current vehicle on your
own will get you a higher price
Prepurchase
Inspection than trading it in. You can always ex-
Don’t be surprised— pect to get more than the wholesale
or insulted—if price. But selling your car yourself
a savvy buyer
takes a lot more work than just
asks to have your
car inspected driving to the dealership for a trade-in.
by a mechanic. You’ll have to go through the hassle
of advertising, taking phone calls, and
showing the car.
Set a competitive price. By follow-
ing the advice under “What Is Your Car’s

Value?” on page 74, you should have
a good idea of what the retail and local
asking prices are for your vehicle. If
you checked to see what a local dealer
would offer on a straight-up sale,
you should be able to price your car
reasonably. Remember, price your
From previous page diameter were the tough- replace the entire wind- personal clutter from the rear window. If floor mats
est to fix; kits worked shield. In some states, glove box and storage look worn even after
they work by hot-gluing best on dents about 4 it’s illegal to make repairs spaces, empty and wash you vacuum, replace them.
a disc onto the dent, inches across. in the glass area swept the cup-holder inserts, Ridding cars of odors
then pulling the dent by the windshield wipers. and check under the seats can be a challenge. First,
out with a special tool. FIX WINDOW-GLASS Check your auto insur- for lost toys, trash, and get all the interior fab-
Consumer Reports tested DEFECTS ance policy first. If you wayward french fries. rics clean with pet-spot
two kits: DentOut and It’s very common for have glass coverage, You can buy special cleaner or another odor-
Ding King. We found a windshield to pick up the replacement will be cleaners for upholstery, fighting product. Wipe
that they worked about “star” or “bull’s-eye” dam- free except for a carpet, vinyl, and leather. down the overhead fabric
equally well, but the age from a flying stone. possible deductible. For hard plastic surfaces, (the headliner) and clean
results weren’t perfect. An auto-glass repair ser- use any general-purpose inside the trunk and
Generally, the more vice can repair these so CLEAN THE INTERIOR cleaner. Use glass cleaner spare-tire well. To remove
experience you have, the that they are less notice- THOROUGHLY to remove smudges stale odors from the
better the results. Don’t able and don’t develop Look at the results with and film from the insides ventilation ducts, spray
pull the metal out too far. into big cracks. For larger the eye of a potential of all windows—espe- odor eliminator into the
Dents less than 1 inch in cracks, you’ll have to buyer. Remove your cially the windshield and system’s air intake, which

vehicle a little bit higher than what
you are willing to take for it. That way,
the buyer can negotiate and feel good TRADE-IN TAX TIP
about it. Don’t be greedy: You’ll scare off

potential buyers with an unrealistic
Trading in your car lowers the purchase
price. If you have an outstanding loan, price of the new one you buy, which
contact your lender to pay it off before in turn may reduce the sales tax you’ll
you list the vehicle to ensure that the
title is ready to transfer, especially in have to pay.
states where the lender holds the title.
Advertise effectively. There are
many ways to advertise your vehicle. honestly and be prepared to provide Bring the correct documents.
Craigslist is free and can get a lot of service receipts. Know that some buy- Paperwork requirements vary from
local attention for your car. Other ers will not show up and that others state to state. In some, transferring
options include CarGurus, Autotrader, will make an unrealistically low offer. ownership of a vehicle to another per-
Cars.com, and Kelley Blue Book (kbb. For safety and to avoid scams, meet son is as simple as entering the
com), although most require payment the buyer in a public place, request a odometer reading, sales price, and
for full-featured listings. Or try the cash payment or meet the buyer at your signature on the back of the title.
old standby: Put a “For Sale” sign in the bank to deposit a cashier’s check, In others, you must fill out official title-
your vehicle’s window. and never take a payment from transfer forms. Contact your state’s
Word of mouth is very effective. Tell a buyer you haven’t met in person. motor vehicle department to see what
your friends, relatives, colleagues, Prepurchase inspection. Any you should do. A bill of sale is often
and social media circle that you have a car savvy buyer will want to have your required by the buyer for registration
for sale. If your network is big enough, car inspected by a mechanic before and tax purposes. It’s easy to find one
you might be surprised at how much the sale. If the buyer is a friend or through an online search.
interest you generate. And it’s free. relative, there should be little risk in Wrapping up the details. Buying
Showing your car. Once you’ve placed allowing him or her to take the car a new vehicle is exciting, but not get-
your ads, have your schedule ready for an inspection. ting the full value for your current car
so that you can set a day and time to If the potential buyer is a total stran- can leave a bad taste in your mouth.
show the car. Remember that many ger, however, you’ll probably want to By knowing its true value, spending
states require the car to remain regis- drive the car to the shop yourself or a little time making it look its best,
tered for test-drives. When you do accompany the buyer there. The inspec- and sticking to your price during nego-
show the car, answer all questions tion shouldn’t take more than an hour. tiations, you can get a fair deal.
is usually at the base practice, but it’s not any- Clean engine parts other repairs will prob- about it. Dealers may
of the windshield. Then more. Steam can dam- with old rags and plain ably be needed. also reduce the value of
run the air conditioning age electronic parts, and soap and water, though Major repairs are an- your trade if they notice
for at least 10 minutes. modern cars have lots of you may have better luck other matter. Most buyers major problems.
those under the hood. with an aerosol engine probably won’t want to The key question is
CLEAN THE ENGINE If battery terminals are degreaser. Loosen dirt make a big one just after whether you can recoup
COMPARTMENT corroded or caked with and rust with a soft- buying a car. the cost of the repair in
PHOTO, FACING PAGE: GET T Y IMAGES
Cleaning the outside of white powder, remove the bristle wire brush and If your air conditioner your selling price. Most of
the engine and other residue with an old tooth- soft abrasive cleaner, and doesn’t work and the the time you can’t, so
components under the brush dipped in a mix- don’t get electrical con- estimate is $600 to repair be prepared to take a
hood can be a chore, but ture of water and baking nections wet. it, some private buyers beating if your car has
a clean engine bay gives soda. Then coat the Fix or replace broken might not care as long as major repair problems.
the impression that the terminals with battery or missing items. A lost you adjust the price On the other hand, a
mechanicals have been terminal grease. (Always wheel cover or a broken accordingly, because it brand-new muffler or
well-maintained. Steam wear eye protection mirror are signs that your isn’t a safety concern. new tires could be
cleaning the engine and gloves when working vehicle has not been well- Other buyers may balk an attractive selling point
bay was once a common around car batteries.) maintained and that when they find out for a private buyer.

6
KEEP YOUR
CAR AND
TIRES IN
TOP SHAPE
CR’s complete guide to tires and car care includes
money-saving maintenance and repair tips, tire-buying
advice, and exclusive tire ratings.
Properly maintaining your vehicle is the

best way to keep it out of trouble and
maximize its resale value. To do that, you
should have it serviced regularly, following
the maintenance schedule in the owner’s
manual. People often overspend by
changing the oil too frequently, using
premium gasoline when they don’t have to,
or having needless maintenance done.
78
79
6 Car Care and Tires
Ins and Outs

of Car Care
Make Your Car Last
THIS CHAPTER DISCUSSES when you depends on what work needs to be done. recalls, and the shop will be equipped
should go to an independent repair Federal law gives you the right to with the required diagnostic equip-
shop instead of a dealership for mainte- service your vehicle wherever you like ment and tools. On luxury cars,
nance or repair, the overall advantages without adversely affecting your car’s hybrids, or electric vehicles some of
and disadvantages of each, and some warranty coverage. That means you can those tools and equipment can be
of the ways you can avoid paying more either go to a dealership, or an indepen- quite specific. But because most main-
money than necessary. dent mechanic or repair chain, which tenance items are fairly basic, any
It also includes Consumer Reports’ are usually less expensive than a dealer- professional auto shop should be
latest ratings for tires—which buyers ship. Drivers who lease their vehicles, able to do simple maintenance—like
of used cars often have to replace after however, might be required to have all changing oil or replacing brake pads.
a purchase—as well as expert advice service performed at a franchised deal- No matter where you go for service,
on how to choose the right tires for ership selling that brand. Still, you can make sure the mechanics have access
your vehicle. have scheduled maintenance per- to the manufacturer’s latest technical
formed at any same-brand dealership, service bulletins. TSBs are alerts about
Where to Get Your Car Fixed not just the one where you bought your common problems that have cropped
Maintenance and repairs are two vehicle. For example, if you bought up with a particular model, and instruc-
different things. Routine maintenance your car at Yourtown Toyota, you can tions on how to fix them. TSB repairs
items are listed in your owner’s manual have it serviced at Othertown Toyota. are often free if you go to a dealership
as part of the service schedule. They’re The best reason to patronize a to get the work done, or you can get
intended to keep your vehicle in top new-car dealership for service is that the reimbursed by an automaker if an
operating condition. Repairs are services mechanics are trained and certified independent shop does the work.
that need to be performed to fix a in all aspects of your model’s service Repairs can range from replacing a
problem. Where you take your vehicle needs. They are prepared to perform faulty radiator to complicated service

such as overhauling a transmission.
Go to a dealership if your car is covered
by the original warranty, or if your
car has been recalled or is the subject
Car Care: Myths vs Reality
of a “service campaign” in which the These “tips” sound like good advice. But in reality they’ll
automaker offers to correct a defect. cost you more time and money in the long run.
In that case, you should receive a letter
from the automaker alerting you to
the recall or campaign. If you have an
extended warranty, check the terms Myth Myth
to see who must perform repairs. Tires should be inflated to If regular-grade fuel is good,
the pressure embossed on the premium must be better.
If the vehicle is out of warranty, the
sidewall of the tire.
type of problem can determine where
you take it for repair. A reputable
independent shop should be able to Reality Reality
handle most common repairs. Shops The tire-pressure value on the Most vehicles are designed to
that specialize in your vehicle’s brand sidewall is the maximum pressure, run just fine on regular-grade
are more likely to have the proper not the vehicle manufacturer’s (87 octane) fuel. A higher
training, equipment, and latest informa- recommended pressure. Always octane number doesn’t mean
use the vehicle manufacturer’s that your vehicle will perform
tion. A good technician will explain to
recommended pressure, which is better. It simply means that it’s
you what the problem is, why it needs determined to provide the best more resistant to engine knocking
repair, and what the repair entails. balance of ride, handling, and or pinging. Use the octane
If you’re experiencing a problem with fuel economy for your vehicle. It’s grade that’s recommended in
a system that is exclusive to your model usually printed on a sticker on your vehicle’s owner’s manual.
or automaker, such as navigation or a doorjamb, the glove box, or Filling up with a higher grade is
the fuel-filler door. Check your usually a waste of money.
multifunction control systems, consider
tires monthly against the recom-
taking the vehicle to a dealership. mended pressure when your
car has been at rest for more
Get Your Car to 200,000 Miles than 3 hours.
Years ago, cars only came with five-digit
odometers. The expectation was that
a vehicle wouldn’t last long enough for Myth Myth
it to hit 100,000 miles before succumb- Engine oil should be changed You don’t have to worry about
ing to a major mechanical failure or every 3,000 miles. replacing tires until they’re worn
down to the minimum tread depth.
severe rust.
Even today, low-mileage cars
command a premium on used-car lots. Reality Reality
But improvements in rust prevention, Although oil companies and quick- It’s true that if a tire’s tread
engine technology, safety features, lube shops like to promote this wears to the minimum depth of
and electronics mean that buyers don’t idea, it’s usually not necessary. Go 2⁄32 inch, it should be replaced.
have to avoid high-mileage cars—and by the recommended oil-change But a tire’s wet grip, snow
that owners may be able to get 200,000 schedule in your vehicle’s owner’s traction, and ability to resist
manual. Most vehicles driven under hydroplaning is very limited
miles or more from a vehicle. That’s
normal conditions can go 7,500 at that very low 2⁄32-inch tread
especially true if you start with a
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPRE AD: GET T Y IMAGES.
miles or more between oil changes. depth. Start shopping for

reliable model and maintain it properly. Some models now come with a replacement tires before yours
monitoring system that alerts the are worn out. At 4⁄32 inch, tires
The Basics: Life Extenders driver when the oil needs changing. still have some all-weather
Depending on driving conditions, grip, which leaves you time to
To improve your odds, start by choos-
these can extend change intervals shop around for the best tire
ing not just a safe and reliable model to 10,000 or 15,000 miles. at the best price.
but also one with all of the features you
want. If you’ll be driving it for the long
haul, it might as well be a car that you
enjoy as the miles and years roll by.

Read the owner’s manual. It’s unusually hot or cold climate, fre- washing—especially if you drive in a
amazing how many people keep it quently tow a trailer, or often drive snowy region on salted roads. And
tucked away in the glove box. Simply on dirt roads. don’t forget to hose off the underside
familiarizing yourself with the mainte- Newer cars require less service, and wheel wells. Newer cars have
nance schedule can add years of and many specify 7,000 or even strong finishes that don’t need regular
trouble-free driving. The manual spells 10,000 miles between oil changes. waxing to prevent fading paint, but
out how often your car needs basic Spark plugs can often last at least regular washing can help prevent rust
services such as oil changes and tire 100,000 miles if not more. Many cars and structural damage.
rotations, as well as bigger jobs like make it easier for you to keep track
timing-belt replacements. by calculating when an oil change is Know When to Say Goodbye
Keep on schedule. Forgetting due based on your mileage and dri- Almost any car can make it to
to perform regular oil changes ving style, then letting you know with 200,000 miles if you’re willing to throw
can lead to premature engine wear. a dashboard message when it’s time. enough money at it. But there’s a time
Forget about your timing belt, and your The key is to keep up with what’s to let go.
engine can suffer severe damage. specified. Just remember that some From what we have found, the
When we asked our online readers mechanics might add services you useful life of many cars ends around
how they got to 200,000 miles, an don’t need, which can add hun- the 200,000-mile mark. At that point,
overwhelming number mentioned that dreds of dollars to regular 30,000- or key components start showing their
regular oil changes and proper mainte- 60,000-mile service intervals. For age—often with safety consequences.
nance were important. example, most newer cars have a cabin Also, owning a car that long could
Use the right maintenance air filter. Changing it is easy to do by mean that you’re lacking the latest
schedule. In your manual, you’ll find yourself, and it can refresh the smell of essential safety gear and crash-preven-
schedules for regular and severe/ a car’s interior. Still, a dealership may tion systems.
extreme use, with the latter specifying charge many times the cost of the filter If you reach 200,000 miles, talk
more frequent checkups. Consider to change it for you. with your mechanic about how much
using the severe schedule if you do a Keep it clean. Apart from mechanical life your car has left. And see our
lot of stop-and-go driving, live in an maintenance, keep up with regular related articles in this issue.
in the owner’s manual, some

of them dropped prices as
IT PAYS TO SHOP AROUND much as $150, although others

wouldn’t budge.
Where does that leave con-
Don’t settle for the first estimate you get for a repair. sumers? Before having sched-
uled maintenance per-formed,
get a quick estimated price
range at cr.org/carrepair,
then call around for quotes
You might expect that service on a 2016 Explorer transmission flushes, which and ask that they include only
the price for, say, a 30,000- from Ford dealers, and a several major automakers items listed in the owner’s
mile service procedure on 120,000-mile service on a 2008 advise against. manual. Anything else should
a specific model would cost Civic from Honda dealers. Others added hundreds be quoted separately.
about the same from one In most areas, prices differ- of dollars to the price of parts, You can also take your
dealership to the next. But ed by about $150 or more, or charged many times the vehicle to independent shops—
you’d be wrong. even among similar dealers in cost of the cabin air filter—a which are often less expensive
We got prices from dealers the same area. In one area, simple part that drivers can than dealerships—without
in New York, Chicago, and the difference was more change themselves. A few compromising your warranty.
Los Angeles on scheduled than $300. Many dealers dealers would not quote pric- In all cases, keep your
maintenance for specific included items not listed in ing over the phone at all. receipts so you can prove the
cars—a 30,000-mile service the owner’s manual. When we called back and service was performed on
on a 2017 Camry from Toyota Some, for example, wanted asked some higher-priced schedule, should there be a
dealers, a 60,000-mile to charge us for engine and dealers to do only the items warranty claim later.

10 RED FLAGS FOR OLDER CARS
If any of these sound like your car, it may be time to replace it.
Getting 200,000 miles of use—or more—from a vehicle is an FAILING OLD SPARK

7 9
impressive feat, but it’s not impossible. Owners should be aware, RADIATOR PLUGS
though, that as a vehicle approaches that milestone, many of What are the warning signs? What are the warning signs?
its components will start to wear out. A failing radiator or thermostat If you haven’t changed the plugs
As your car ages, you’ll start to see some warning signs, or can cause the engine to run in 100,000 miles of use, the
red flags. Pay attention to them and you can avoid the double too hot or eventually overheat. engine runs rough and misfires,
whammy of being stranded and slapped with an expensive, Low fluid levels in the coolant or you have trouble starting
unexpected repair—or you can do the math and decide that reservoir could indicate a leak your car, you should replace the
it’s time for a new car. in the radiator, engine, hoses, spark plugs. Buying the right kind
We calculated the cost to repair certain items in a 2010 Toyota or all three. and getting the right service can
Camry with a four-cylinder engine using the free Consumer Reports Cost to repair: Between improve how the engine runs.
Car Repair Estimator at CR.org/carrepair. We estimated the cost of $870 and $1,350 to replace Cost to repair: $100 to $140 for
repairs in our area on a relatively common vehicle. Your repair costs a radiator and all associated new plugs and labor.
might be different. hoses, with labor.
RUST
10
OIL CONSUMPTION & PAINT
8
BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRICAL AND LEAKS What are the warning signs?
1 4
What are the warning COMPONENTS What are the warning signs? It starts with paint that looks
signs? Check them often as you What are the warning signs? Increased oil consumption is like it is bubbling. Even a little
approach the 200K mark. If you Don’t be surprised if features common in older cars, so don’t blistering around the wheel
live in the snow belt, make sure to such as power windows, wind- panic if your car seems thirstier wells, hood, trunk, or suspension
check the hard brake lines for rust shield wipers, and even the as it ages. But if you think you’re mounting points means there
or weak spots. instrument panel go on the fritz. topping off the oil too often, it could be a serious problem
Cost to repair: According to our Cost to repair: Expect to pay could be a sign of a bigger leak. beneath the surface.
estimator, the job could cost between $550 and $920 for Cost to repair: $240 to almost Cost to repair: It depends on
from $950 to $1,550 for rotors a door window regulator and $3,400 for a leak diagnosis, the extent of the damage. If you
and pads at all four wheels. motor, including labor. new valve cover gasket, oil filter, have rust, get several competing
and oil. estimates on the work.
MECHANICAL MOISTURE
2 5
COMPONENTS BUILDUP
What are the warning signs? What are the warning signs? If
Slow cranking of the engine can it seems that the inside of your
be a sign of a failing battery windshield is always fogging up
or alternator. Don’t go cheap on or you are mysteriously losing
replacement parts in order to coolant, it’s likely that the heater
save a few bucks, or you might core is starting to fail.
end up stranded. Cost to repair: Expect to pay
Cost to repair: According to our between $1,150 and $1,600 for
estimator, a new alternator a new heater core and labor.
can cost from $360 to $770 for
parts and labor. OUTDATED
6
SHOCKS & STRUTS
NOISY EXHAUST What are the warning signs?
3
SYSTEM Does your car bounce up and
What are the warning signs? If down while you drive? Do you
your car is getting louder, your have uneven tire wear? You
exhaust system may be reaching may need new shocks or struts.
the end of its life. Exhaust leaks Cost to repair: Expect to pay
can be dangerous and should be between $1,160 and $1,640 for

repaired at the first sign. front and rear shocks and struts,
Cost to replace: Expect to including installation.
pay between $1,440 and $2,360
for a catalytic converter and
exhaust manifold, including labor.

A Guide to
Replacement Tires
Our Experts Weigh In
WHEN IT COMES TO TIRES, we found evenly. You may even have to prove they tires anyway. So don’t be surprised if
that you generally get what you pay were rotated on schedule. your mileage drops slightly when you
for. No matter the type, tires that com- When replacing tires, we recom- replace worn-out tires with brand-new
bine the best grip with the longest mend sticking to the same type and ones, no matter what kind you buy.
tread life may cost a little more but are size that your car originally came with.
worth the extra money in the long run. First, check the ratings for ones that Stick With Your Speed Rating
For example, our most recent provide good braking and handling If your car came with all-season tires
tests have shown that long-wearing all- capabilities as well as good hydroplan- with a T- or an H-speed rating (capable
season tires can last as many as ing resistance, which can help you of sustaining a maximum speed of
100,000 miles; the shortest would avoid a crash on wet roads. 118 and 130 mph, respectively), you
need replacing after 55,000 miles. It’s After that, look for models rated might be tempted to move up to
pretty straightforward: Unless you highly in areas important to you, such performance V-rated tires (which are
don’t plan to keep a car for long, A as winter grip, tread life, ride comfort, designed for up to 149 mph) for better
$100 tire that will last more than twice and rolling resistance. cornering grip and improved han-
as long as a $64 tire is a better value, Some tires advertise better fuel dling. But the trade-off may be shorter
PHOTO: BLOOMBERG/ GET T Y IMAGES
assuming other factors are equal. economy due to lower rolling resis- tread life, and they may not do as well
Although tires promise warranty tance. In our tests, we found that some in winter conditions.
coverage, it may not be as useful as it of these tires allowed our test cars to You might also be tempted to
sounds. Tire warranties are prorated— get one to two more mpg than tires downgrade your tires to a lower speed
meaning only the balance of undriven with the highest rolling resistance. But rating than your original tires to get
miles will be credited toward the cost as your tires lose tread over tens of longer tread life. But we advise against
of a new tire. To collect, the tires have thousands of miles of wear, they be- it because those all-season tires with a
to be totally worn out, and worn out have more like low-rolling resistance lower speed rating may not handle heat

buildup as well—especially when they
are installed on higher-performance
vehicles. That can be a safety concern.
What Makes a Top Tire
In addition, there is very little price Our exclusive tests help you save money and stay safe.
advantage to downgrading in the tire
speed rating. In buying the tires for our
testing program, we saw that tire
size has a greater impact on price dif-
It’s hard to overstate how important said in a written statement to CR.
ferences than speed ratings. tires are to safe driving. After all, they’re In our ratings, tires that under-
the only part of the car that touches perform their warranty have points
Know When to Replace the road. That’s why CR puts so much deducted from their Overall Score.
Tires are one of the few safety-related effort into testing, to help you find the (Winter/snow tires don’t carry a
right tires for your car, truck, or SUV. mileage warranty and are intended
systems you can specifically choose, and
for limited, seasonal use, so we don’t
one of the few that can noticeably change CR’S UNIQUE TESTING assess their tread life.)
your car’s handling and braking capabili- As the tire market evolves, so do
ties. Plus, tires can greatly affect how CR’s testing methods. We replaced WINTER WONDER TIRES?
your car rides, and how well it keeps its our basic cornering test with a more Many consumers in colder climates
dynamic evaluation of acceleration, spend time and expense to swap
footing on wet roads. As a result, it’s criti-
braking, and handling on a 2-plus-acre winter/snow tires twice a year to
cal to keep them well maintained and course over wet asphalt. This new all- ensure that their vehicles have the
to replace them as they wear out. in-one test better reflects real-world best grip possible.
When your tire has reached a tread challenges drivers face. With the inconvenience of swapping
depth of 2/32 inch, it is legally worn out Overall, we purchased more than in mind, manufacturers have recently
in most states and should be replaced. 640 tires this year for our full test introduced all-weather tires. They’re
program, covering 64 models for all- designed to perform well in the snow
At that depth the tire’s wet grip, snow
season, performance all-season (which and also year-round. Some cost more
traction, and ability to resist hydro- includes all-weather tires), and winter/ than the average price of performance
planing is very limited. snow categories. all-season tires, but you’ll come out
Consumers should start shopping for We tested them at our track in ahead by avoiding the cost and
tires before they are worn out, when Connecticut for wet and dry braking inconvenience of seasonal tire changes
and handling, ride comfort and or owning an extra set of wheels.
tread depth approaches 4/32 inch in any
quietness, snow traction, and resistance “The best all-weather tires provide
one groove. That happens to be the to hydroplaning. year-round traction that truly
same distance on a quarter between Our testers evaluated each combines all-season and winter/snow
George Washington’s head and the edge tire’s grip on ice at a nearby skating rink. performance,” says Gene Petersen,
of the coin. Put the coin, head down, We also commissioned outside labs to CR’s’ tire-program manager. “While
measure each tire’s rolling resistance, some cost more than performance all-
into the tread grooves. If you can see the
which affects fuel economy. Finally, we seasons, they represent a good value.”
top of George’s head, your tires still conducted extensive treadwear tests These do-it-all tires offer unique
have some grip remaining but it’s time on public roads in western Texas. tread designs and enhanced rubber
to start shopping for replacements. compounds that increase traction
The single most important step to WARRANTY WORRIES across a broad range of temperatures.
make your tires last longer and run Most tires met or exceeded their They’re different from typical all-
warranty projections in comparison to season tires mainly because they
safely is to keep them inflated to the our tread life test results. Even those with provide better snow traction. For
proper pressure. This is especially a shortfall were usually off by a small this reason, they have the mountain/
important when temperatures fall, amount. Of course, tread life will vary snowflake symbol on the sidewall, just
because that’s when tires lose pressure. based on where and how you drive. like winter/snow tires.
Underinflated tires can wear faster However, the T-speed-rated In a recent test, CR evaluated five
Sumitomo HTR Enhance L/X missed all-weather models: the Goodyear
and build up heat, which can contrib-
its warranty projection by 25,000 Assurance WeatherReady, Michelin
ute to tire failure. Underinflation can miles. It has a 90,000-mile warranty CrossClimate +, Nokian WRG4, Toyo
also hurt fuel economy. Recommended but would last only 65,000 miles Celsius, and Vredestein Quatrac 5.
inflation pressure is found in the based on our test projections. From this fresh category, the Michelin
owner’s manual or on a placard that’s According to a Sumitomo represen- CrossClimate + shined as the top-
tative, customer satisfaction levels are rated all-weather tire thanks to its
usually located on the driver’s door
“nearly 100 percent” with the product uncompromising grip. This impressive—
jamb. Don’t inflate to the number on and mileage warranty. “It is our but pricey—tire is sold in limited
the tire’s sidewall, which is the max- goal to provide top quality products sizes (with more to come) by Tire Rack,
imum inflation pressure. at affordable prices,” the company a nationwide tire retailer.

Know Where to Shop

Compare prices from traditional tire
stores, large retailers, big-box super- How to Read the Writing on
stores, and the internet. We recommend
replacing all four tires at the same Your Tire’s (Side) Walls
time for the best balance of handling
and grip.
Check online first. Retailers such as
All tires have sidewall markings than 149 mph. These speeds may
Tire Rack can ship a large variety of that tell you things like what seem wildly impractical to most
tires, including specialty models. They size they are and how much weight drivers, but the point is that tires
can also direct you to a local installer. they can carry. But these are with higher speed ratings tend
just some of the information that to provide better handling
Make sure to get a final price, including
is on the tire sidewall. Here’s what and grip under normal driving
shipping, installation, and any extras. all of the markings mean: conditions, as well.
Check with local retailers. Ask them Size. On the example tire, 225 Treadwear grade. This number
whether they can meet or beat online is the cross-section width in milli- is an index to compare treadwear
prices. Ask what they’d charge to mount meters, 40 is the ratio of sidewall between tires. A grade of 300
height to its width (40 percent), denotes a tire that will wear three
and balance tires you buy elsewhere.
R indicates radial-ply construction, times better than a tire graded
Check the final price. It should in-
and 18 is the wheel diameter 100. But there’s no direct correla-
clude mounting, balancing, alignment, measured in inches. tion between the grades and a
and disposal of the old tires. Load index. This references the specific mileage.
Tire pressure monitors. Known as weight each tire can carry safely. A Traction and temperature grades.
TPMS, these devices have been stan- 92 load index translates to 1,389 They denote a tire’s wet-stopping
pounds per tire, typical for this type ability and temperature resistance.
dard equipment in all new cars since
of tire. When replacing your tires, For traction, AA is best; C is worst.
2008, and have improved fuel economy be sure to match or increase the For temperature, grades range
and safety by reducing the number of original load index rating. from A (best) to C.
underinflated tires on the road. Speed rating. A letter denotes DOT code. On the tire below,
TPMS comes in two forms: direct and the tire’s maximum sustainable the first two digits refer to the plant
speed. For S-speed-rated tires, where the tire was made, and the
indirect. Direct systems rely on sensors
it’s 112 mph; for T, 118 mph. Speed last four numbers refer to the week
that monitor tire pressure and send ratings for other tires include Q, and year. The numbers are used
that data to the car’s instrument panel. 99 mph; H, 130 mph; V, 149 mph; W, to identify the tire in the event
These sensors may wear out and need 168 mph; Y, 186 mph; and ZR, more of a recall.
to be replaced. Indirect systems use the
antilock brake systems to measure
wheel speed and interpret the pressure.
Traction and
They don’t use pressure sensors and Temperature
therefore can not display pressure. Grades
Most cars on the road today have direct Treadwear Load
Grade
TPMS. If the in-wheel sensors need Index
Size
to be replaced, expect to pay $30 or Speed
more per sensor. T RA C T I O N A A - T E Rating
3 00 - MP E
0 R
R RA
18 9
EA
4
Check for some extras. An offer of
T
DW UR
/
EA E
A
TR
free lifetime tire rotations or replace-
25 2Y
ment road-hazard guarantee may tilt M6 R V T HR 2 31 8
D OT
2
the scales to one retailer over another—
especially if those tires are expensive
to begin with.
If you choose to fill your tires with
nitrogen, make sure they are refilled

with nitrogen each time. In addition,
like air, nitrogen pressure will drop as
seasonal temperatures fall. Based
on our tests, we don’t think it is worth
paying for nitrogen.

Ratings Tires 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
WORSE BET TER RECOMMENDED
ALL-SEASON
These are the most popular type of tires. Standard on many sedans emphasize a comfortable and quiet ride, predictable handling,
and minivans, they’re designed to handle most conditions—including and long wear. That makes them a sound choice for most drivers. All
wet and dry pavement and light snow—reasonably well. They also of the models we tested are T- or H-speed rated (118 or 130 mph).
Brand & Model Overall Speed Three-Season Snow Comfort Other

Score Rating Driving Driving
Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
!
0 General Altimax RT43 70 T 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 80,000
!
0 Michelin Defender T+H 67 H 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 90,000
Continental
TrueContact Tour
66 T 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 95,000
Falken Sincera SN201 A/S 66 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 80,000
Falken Sincera SN250 A/S 66 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 80,000
Nexen Aria AH7 66 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 90,000
Yokohama Avid Ascend 65 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 100,000
BFGoodrich Advantage
T/A Sport
63 T 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 75,000
General Altimax RT43
Hankook Kinergy PT 63 T 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 80,000
Kumho Solus TA11 61 T 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 75,000
Pirelli P4 Four Seasons
Plus
60 T 4
0 2
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 85,000
Bridgestone Ecopia
EP422 Plus
60 T 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 70,000
Toyo Versado Noir 60 H 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 75,000
Firestone Champion
Fuel Fighter
58 T 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 60,000
Firestone All Season 58 T 4

0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 60,000
Uniroyal Tiger Paw
Touring
58 T 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 75,000
Michelin Defender T+H

Kelly Edge A/S 56 H 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 60,000
Uniroyal Tiger Paw
Touring
56 H 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 70,000
Sumitomo HTR Enhance
L/X
54 T 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 65,000
Sentury Touring 53 H 4
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 50,000
Milestar MS932 Sport 50 H 4

0 3
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 1
0 3
0 2
0 2
0 55,000
Westlake Radial RP18 49 H 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 55,000
Continental TrueContact Tour

Ratings Tires
PERFORMANCE ALL-SEASON (INCLUDES ALL-WEATHER)

These tires are a step up in price from regular all-seasons, up to 149 mph and are popular as original equipment tires on
with an added emphasis on handling. V-speed rated a number of new vehicles. Tires with a are all-weather tires,
performance all-season tires are rated for sustained speeds which provide better snow traction than all-season tires.

Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
!
0 Michelin CrossClimate + ⁄ 75 W 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 75,000
!
0
Continental
PureContact LS
71 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 90,000
General Altimax RT43 66 V 4

0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 70,000
Goodyear Assurance
WeatherReady ⁄
64 V 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 75,000
Michelin Premier A/S 64 V 4

0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 80,000
Pirelli Cinturato P7
All Season Plus
64 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 70,000
Vredestein Quatrac 5 ⁄ 62 V 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 50,000
Atlas Force HP 61 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 65,000
Michelin CrossClimate +
Falken Sincera SN250 A/S 61 V 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 75,000
BFGoodrich Advantage
T/A Sport
60 V 4
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 80,000
Firestone Firehawk AS 60 V 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 60,000
Nokian WRG4 ⁄ 59 V 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 60,000
Yokohama Avid Ascend 59 V 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 75,000
Bridgestone Turanza
Serenity Plus
59 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 65,000
Goodyear Eagle Sport
All-Season
58 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 80,000
Bridgestone DriveGuard 56 V 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 55,000
Continental Uniroyal Tiger Paw AWP3 56 V 4

0 1
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 65,000
PureContact LS
Nokian Entyre 2.0 55 V 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 70,000
Cooper CS5
Ultra Touring
55 V 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 60,000
Kumho Solus TA71 54 V 4

0 3
0 3
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 50,000
Toyo Extensa HP II 54 V 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 55,000
Sumitomo HTR
Enhance L/X
53 V 5
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 65,000
Toyo Celsius ⁄ 53 V 3
0 1
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 60,000
Falken Ziex ZE950 A/S 51 V 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 55,000
Maxxis Bravo HP-M3 46 V 3

0 1
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 1
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 65,000
General Altimax RT43

1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE ALL-SEASON
These tires come in a number of speed ratings: ZR (above in addition to modest snow traction. In general, these tires
149 mph), W (168 mph), and Y (186 mph). They are all-season are available in sizes found on sports cars as well as
tires that offer high levels of dry and wet grip and handling, on performance-tuned versions of more mainstream cars.

Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
!
0
Michelin Pilot Sport
A/S 3+
78 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 55,000
!
0
Pirelli P Zero All Season
Plus
76 Y 4
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 2
0 50,000
!
0
Continental
ExtremeContact DWS06
76 Y 5
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 45,000
!
0
BFGoodrich g-Force
Comp-2 A/S
74 W 4
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 1
0 2
0 60,000
Goodyear Eagle Sport
All-Season
72 W 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 70,000
Yokohama Advan
Sport A/S
72 Y 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 60,000
Goodyear Eagle F1
Asymmetric All-Season
72 Y 5
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 2
0 2
0 50,000
Hankook Ventus
S1 Noble 2
72 W 5
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 45,000
Michelin Pilot Sport
A/S 3+ Dunlop Signature HP 72 W 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 40,000
General G-Max AS-03 70 W 4

0 3
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 1
0 1
0 2
0 50,000
Falken Azenis FK450 A/S 68 Y 5

0 4
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 40,000
Cooper Zeon RS3-G1 68 W 4

0 4
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 35,000
Bridgestone Potenza
RE970 AS Pole Position
68 W 4
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 1
0 2
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 45,000
Laufenn S Fit AS 68 W 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 60,000
Nitto Motivo 66 W 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 50,000
Fuzion UHP Sport A/S 64 W 4

0 2
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 55,000
Pirelli P Zero All

Toyo Proxes 4 Plus 62 Y 4
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 50,000
Season Plus
Sumitomo HTR A/S PO2 60 W 4
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 1
0 2
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 30,000
Sumitomo HTR
Enhance L/X
60 W 4
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 55,000
GT Radial
Champiro UHP AS
58 Y 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 1
0 2
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 40,000
Continental
ExtremeContact DWS06

Ratings Tires
ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE SUMMER
These come in a number of speed ratings: ZR (above 149 mph), but they are not suited for cold and winter weather conditions.
W (168 mph), and Y (186 mph). However, UHP Summer tires offer the These tires are also available in sizes found on sports cars as well as
ultimate in terms of dry and wet grip and handling performance on performance-tuned versions of more mainstream cars.
Brand & Model Overall Speed Three-Season Driving Comfort Other

Score Rating
Recommended
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
0
! Michelin Pilot Super Sport 82 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 40,000
0
Goodyear Eagle F1
! Asymmetric 3
80 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 35,000
0
! Nokian zLine 80 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 35,000
0
Yokohama ADVAN Sport
! V105
78 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 35,000
0
! Pirelli P Zero 78 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 2
0 1
0 35,000
Kumho ECSTA PS91 76 Y 5

0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 25,000
Bridgestone Potenza S-04
Pole Position
76 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 3
0 1
0 30,000
Vredestein Ultrac Vorti 76 Y 5

0 4
0 5
0 5
0 1
0 4
0 2
0 40,000
Michelin Pilot Super
Sport Hankook Ventus V12 evo2 76 Y 5
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 35,000
Nexen N Fera SU1 76 Y 5

0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 3
0 35,000
Toyo Proxes T1 Sport 74 Y 5

0 4
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 25,000
Firestone Firehawk Indy 500 74 W 5

0 4
0 5
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 3
0 40,000
Bridgestone Potenza RE760
Sport
72 W 5
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 4
0 1
0 40,000
Sumitomo HTR ZIII 70 Y 5

0 3
0 5
0 4
0 2
0 4
0 2
0 35,000
BFGoodrich g-Force Sport
COMP-2
70 W 5
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 2
0 2
0 1
0 35,000
Nitto iNVO 68 W 5
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 2
0 1
0 1
0 30,000
Goodyear Eagle F1 Cooper Zeon RS3-S 66 Y 4

0 3
0 5
0 5
0 2
0 2
0 2
0 25,000
Asymmetric 3
Dunlop Direzza DZ102 66 W 4
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 2
0 3
0 1
0 40,000
Nokian zLine

1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
WINTER/SNOW CAR TIRES

Winter/snow tires offer superior grip to go, stop, and corner in cold, into snow and ice, and the rubber is formulated to stay pliable at
inclement weather. But they typically have faster treadwear than freezing temperatures. Also, winter/snow tires generally take longer
all-season tires because the tread is specifically designed to bite to stop than all-season tires on cleared roads.
Overall Speed Snow Comfort Other

Brand & Model Score Rating Three-Season Driving Driving
Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
Cooper Discoverer
!
0 True North
70 H 2
0 1
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 NA
Hankook Winter
!
0 I*cept iZ2
70 T 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 5
0 NA
Continental
!
0 WinterContact SI
69 H 2
0 1
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 4
0 NA
!
0 Michelin X-Ice XI3 68 H 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 NA
Nokian
!
0 Hakkapeliitta R3
68 R 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 NA
General Altimax Arctic 12 67 T 2

0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 NA
Bridgestone
Blizzak WS80
67 H 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 NA
Nexen Winguard Ice Plus 66 T 2

0 1
0 1
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 NA
Cooper Discoverer
True North Falken HS449 Eurowinter 64 H 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 NA
Dunlop Winter Maxx 2 63 T 2

0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 5
0 1
0 3
0 NA
Toyo Observe G3-Ice 62 T 2

0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 1
0 5
0 NA
Uniroyal Tiger Paw
Ice & Snow 3
61 T 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 NA
BFGoodrich Winter
T/A KSI
61 T 2
0 1
0 2
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 NA
Yokohama
Ice Guard iG52c
60 T 2
0 1
0 1
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 3
0 1
0 4
0 NA
Falken Espia EPZ II 60 T 2

0 1
0 1
0 4
0 5
0 5
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 NA
Hankook Winter
I*cept iZ2
Continental
WinterContact SI

Ratings Tires
SUV ALL-SEASON
All-Season SUV tires split the difference between car and truck off-roading capabilities of those vehicles, and are designed to handle
tires, and come in T (118 mph), H (130 mph), and V (149 mph) speed most conditions—including wet and dry pavement and light snow—
ratings. They are tuned for the performance, light-duty towing, and reasonably well.

Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
!
0
Goodyear Assurance
CS Fuel Max
70 H 4
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 5
0 40,000
!
0 Kumho Crugen Premium 68 V 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 60,000
!
0
Bridgestone Dueler
H/L 422 Ecopia
68 H 4
0 3
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 5
0 65,000
!
0
Sumitomo HTR
Enhance C/X
68 T 4
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 3
0 2
0 4
0 4
0 3
0 60,000
Hankook Dynapro HP2 66 H 4

0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 75,000
Nitto NT 421Q 66 H 3
0 3
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 65,000
Toyo Open
Country Q/T
66 H 3
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 3
0 4
0 3
0 65,000
Yokohama Geolandar
G055
64 H 3
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 4
0 75,000
Goodyear Assurance
CS Fuel Max Toyo Celsius CUV ⁄ 64 H 3
0 2
0 3
0 5
0 4
0 3
0 4
0 2
0 3
0 75,000
Kumho Crugen
Premium
Bridgestone Dueler
H/L 422 Ecopia
92 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS ⁄All-weather tires, which provide better snow traction than all-season tires.
1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
ALL-SEASON TRUCK
These tires are very big sellers and have characteristics similar off-road use, but that’s something few SUV drivers ever do. Tested
to those for all-season car tires. They aren’t designed for serious models are designed for light-duty SUVs and pickup trucks.
Overall Speed Winter Comfort Other

Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
Ride
0 4 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
Continental CrossContact
! LX20 EcoPlus
74 T 4 65,000
0
! Michelin Premier LTX 74 H 4 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
5 0
5 40,000
0
! Firestone Destination LE 2 72 S 3 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
5 0
4 65,000
0 4 0
0 3 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
5 0
Pirelli Scorpion Verde
! All Season Plus
72 T 4 65,000
0
! Michelin Defender LTX M/S 72 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
5 0
4 85,000
Cooper Discoverer SRX 70 T 3 0

0 3 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 55,000
General Grabber HTS60 70 T 4 0

0 3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
3 65,000
Kumho Crugen HT51 68 T 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
5 60,000
Continental
CrossContact LX20
EcoPlus
Hankook Dynapro HT 68 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
5 0
4 70,000
Nexen Roadian HTX RH5 68 H 4 0

0 3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
4 70,000
Laufenn X Fit HT 68 T 4 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
4 70,000
3 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
Goodyear Wrangler
Fortitude HT
68 T 4 65,000
Bridgestone Dueler LTH 66 T 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
3 75,000
Nokian WR G3 SUV 66 V 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
5 0
5 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
5 55,000
3 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
Bridgestone Dueler H/L
Alenza Plus
66 T 4 65,000
GT Radial Savero HT2 66 S 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
2 0
5 0
5 65,000
3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
Uniroyal Laredo Cross
Country Tour
64 T 3 65,000
Michelin Premier LTX Maxxis 770 Bravo H/T 64 S 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
4 60,000
Falken WildPeak H/T HT01 64 T 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
4 80,000
4 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
5 0
Yokohama Geolandar
H/T G056
64 T 3 70,000
3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
Nitto Dura Grappler
Highway Terrain
62 T 3 70,000
Fuzion SUV 62 T 4 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
4 70,000
Sumitomo Encounter HT 62 T 3 0
0 1 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
3 75,000
Toyo Open Country H/T 56 S 3 0

0 1 0
3 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
3 65,000
Firestone Destination LE 2

Ratings Tires 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 !
0
ALL-TERRAIN TRUCK
Similar to all-season truck tires, these models have similar come with added noise. Tested models are designed for light-duty
characteristics to all-season car tires, but offer some off-road grip as SUVs and pickup trucks.
well. The trade-off with these is that the off-road performance may
Overall Speed Winter Comfort Other

Recommended
Snow traction
Hydroplaning
Ride comfort
Tested tread
Wet braking
Dry braking
Ice braking
resistance
life (miles)
Handling
Rolling
Noise
0 4 0
0 3 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
Continental
! TerrainContact A/T
72 S 2 65,000
0
! Michelin LTX A/T 2 72 S 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
5 85,000
0 4 0
0 3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
Goodyear Wrangler
! TrailRunner AT
68 T 3 50,000
0 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
Yokohama Geolandar
! A/T G015
68 T 2 60,000
0 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
Nexen Roadian AT Pro
! RA8
68 S 3 75,000
0 3 0
0 3 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
2 0
Falken WildPeak A/T
! AT3W
68 T 3 70,000
Nokian Rotiiva AT 66 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 60,000
Laufenn X Fit AT 66 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
4 75,000
Continental
TerrainContact A/T Hankook Dynapro AT-M 66 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
2 0
3 0
4 85,000
Pirelli Scorpion ATR 66 T 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
3 60,000
Cooper Discoverer A/T3 64 T 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 60,000
Cooper Discoverer A/TW 64 S 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
3 55,000
Firestone Destination A/T 64 S 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
3 55,000
4 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
2 0
Toyo Open Country
A/T II
62 S 3 75,000
GT Radial Adventuro AT3 62 T 3 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
3 55,000
Maxxis 771 Bravo A/T 60 S 4 0

0 2 0
3 0
5 0
1 0
3 0
3 0
3 0
3 65,000
Michelin LTX A/T 2

Kumho Road Venture AT51 58 T 3 0
0 2 0
3 0
4 0
4 0
4 0
3 0
3 0
3 45,000
GUIDE TO THE RATINGS: Overall Score is well a tire did in wet and dry cornering snow. Ride comfort and Noise are
based on up to 14 tests, with braking, grip, steering feel, and an emergency evaluated subjectively, on rough and
handling, and hydroplaning resistance handling maneuver. Hydroplaning de- smooth roads. Rolling resistance,
more heavily weighted for most tires. notes a tire’s ability to resist skimming as measured on a dynamometer, is
Braking tests on ice are from 10 mph; along the surface of standing water. a factor in fuel economy. Tread life
on dry and wet pavement from 60 mph. Snow traction tests denote how far a indicates wear potential from our mixed
Handling for many tires combines how vehicle has to travel to accelerate from driving test of up to 20,000 miles.
5 to 20 mph on flat, moderately packed
Goodyear Wrangler
TrailRunner AT

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UC295SYS
CR’S
USED-CAR
DIRECTORY
Get insights, reliability ratings, safety data, and more.
Here, you will find profiles of 284 vehicles,

covering the major models made
from 2009 through 2018. Each includes
a review by CR’s auto experts, typical
price ranges for each model year, crash-
test results, available safety features,
and other data. For most models, you’ll
also find a detailed reliability history
chart that provides an overall reliability
verdict for each model year—information
that can help you avoid buying a
problem-prone vehicle.
96
97
User’s Guide to Vehicle Profiles
1. The “Good Bet” Reliability 6. Reliability History

symbol is given to models Ratings Key
2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0
For each model year, where
WORSE BET TER
that have consistently available, this chart
done well in our tests and details the problems in 17
have had consistently trouble spots. See the
above-average reliability. facing page for details on
1 interpreting these charts.
The Used-Car Verdict sums
up the overall reliability
2. Overview
of each model year. The
This assessment by
year a model was re-
CR’s auto experts is based
designed is noted in Red.
on testing and research
These charts are based
through the years covered.
on about 500,000
responses to our most
recent Annual Auto
2 Survey. Consumer Reports
3. Redesign/Freshening members reported on
Here we note the model any problems they had
year or years that the with their vehicles during
vehicle was introduced or the previous 12 months,
received significant design considered serious
changes. In between major 3-5 because of cost, failure,
redesigns, a model typically safety, or downtime, in
remains the same from any of the trouble spots
7 included in the table on
year to year, sometimes
with minor changes in the facing page. Because
styling, trim, features, or high-mileage cars tend
the powertrain. to encounter more
problems than low-mileage
4. Safety Equipment cars, problem rates are
We note here the 6 standardized to minimize
availability of side and differences due to mileage.
head-protection airbags,
antilock brakes (ABS), and 7. Prices
electronic stability control 8 Prices are an estimate
(ESC). Starting in 2012, all of the price range
passenger vehicles have for the years the model
standard ABS and ESC. was available.
5. Drive Wheels
This tells you whether a
vehicle uses front-wheel
drive, rear-wheel drive, 8. Crash-Test Results
four-wheel drive, or Where available, we Acceptable, Marginal,
all-wheel drive. 4WD is include frontal- and side- and Poor. Starting with
available as a part-time, crash results from the the 2011 model year the
permanent, or selectable National Highway Traffic NHTSA revised its testing
system. Both permanent Safety Administration methods to be more
and selectable can be and offset-frontal crash stringent. Therefore, the
engaged in full-time 4WD results from the Insurance 2011 and later crash-test
all the time. Part-time Institute for Highway results are not comparable
4WD can’t be used on dry Safety. The IIHS uses a with those of the 2010
pavement. AWD is similar four-point scale: Good, and earlier models.
to full-time 4WD, except it
doesn’t include low-range
gearing, which is most
important for serious off-
road driving.

How to Read Newer vehicles should engine computer, fuel
the Charts have few, if any, prob- cap, fuel gauge/sender,
To check on the lems and score all 5’s. fuel injection system, The Numbers Behind
reliability history of a In some cases a model fuel pump. Reliability Ratings
particular year’s model, may score 4 and 5 Electrical: Alternator,
start with the Used-Car in most categories, but starter, hybrid/electric

Average Percentage of Cars
Verdict. This score shows the verdict is a 3 or battery replacement, With a Reported Issue
whether the model had lower because it still has hybrid/electric battery
more or fewer problems more problems than the and related systems, Trouble
overall than the average average model overall. regular battery, battery Spots
model of that year, A column of asterisks (*) cables, engine harness, 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
calculated from the total indicates that there coil, ignition switch, Engine Major 2 2 2 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1
number of problems is insufficient data for electronic ignition, spark
reported by members that year. plugs and wires failure. Engine Minor 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 <1 <1
in all trouble spots. Climate system: Engine Cooling 1 1 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Because problems with What the Trouble Blower (fan) motor, A/C
Trans. Major 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1
the engine, major; engine Spots Include compressor, condenser,
cooling; transmission, Engine, major: Engine evaporator, heater Trans. Minor 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 <1
major; and drive system rebuild or replacement, system, automatic Drive System 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 <1
can be serious and cylinder head, head climate control,
Fuel System 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 <1
expensive to repair, our gasket, turbo or refrigerant leakage,
calculations give extra supercharger, timing electrical failure. Electrical 2 2 2 1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
weight to problems in chain or timing belt. Suspension: Shocks
Climate Syst. 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 <1
those areas. Engine, minor: Oil or or struts, ball joints, tie
Suspension 6 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 <1
To see a model’s fuel leaks, accessory rods, wheel bearings,
individual strengths and belts and pulleys, engine alignment, steering Brakes 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 <1
weaknesses, look at the computer, engine linkage (includes rack and Exhaust 2 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
individual scores for mounts, engine knock pinion), power steering
each of the 17 trouble or ping. (pumps and hoses, Paint/Trim 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 <1
spots. The chart on the Engine, cooling: leaks), wheel balance, Noises & Leaks 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
right shows the average Radiator, cooling fan, springs or torsion bars,
Body Hardware 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 <1
problem rates for all antifreeze leaks, water bushings, electronic or air
models in the survey in pump, thermostat, suspension. Power Equip. 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1
each trouble spot by year. overheating. Brakes: Premature In-car
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 1
Scores for each profile Transmission, major: wear, pulsation or Electronics
reliability chart are based Transmission rebuild vibration, squeaking,
on the percentage of or replacement, torque master cylinder, calipers, The chart above shows the average rates
survey respondents converter, premature rotors, antilock brake of problems in each trouble spot by model
who reported problems clutch replacement. system (ABS), parking year for all vehicles in CR’s Annual Auto
for that trouble spot, Transmission, minor: brake, brake failure. Survey. This is the basis for the Reliability
compared with that year’s Gear selector or Exhaust: Muffler, History charts that appear in the profiles.
average model. linkage, coolers and pipes, catalytic converter, For example, 4 percent of 2011 models
Models that score a lines, rough shifting, exhaust manifold, leaks. had Power Equipment problems on
1 are not necessarily slipping transmission, Paint/trim: Paint average. The Honda Ridgeline on the
unreliable, but suffer a leaks, transmission (fading, chalking, facing page scores a 5 (Better Than
higher rate of problems computer, transmission cracking, peeling), loose Average) because 0.8 percent of the 2011
PHOTO, PREVIOUS SPREAD: IMAGE SOURCE/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
than the average model. sensor or solenoid, trim or moldings, rust. Ridgelines had a problem in this area.
Similarly, models that clutch adjustment, Noises/leaks: Squeaks In 2013, the average rate of problems with
score a 5 are not hydraulics (clutch master or rattles, seals, and/or Paint/Trim was 2 percent. Because
necessarily problem-free, or slave cylinder). weather stripping, air or 6.8 percent of 2013 Hyundai Accents were
but had relatively few Drive system: water leaks, wind noise. reported to have a problem in this
problems compared with Driveshaft or axle, Body hardware: category, it has a score of 1 (Much Worse
other models. CV joint, differential, Windows, locks and Than Average).
Because problem rates transfer case, 4WD/AWD latches, tailgate, hatch
in some trouble spots components, driveline or trunk, doors or sliding
are very low, we do not vibration, traction doors, mirrors, seat
assign a 1 or a 2 unless control, electronic controls, safety belts, module, keyless entry, security system.
the model’s problem rate stability control (ESC), sunroof, convertible top, wiper motor or washer, In-car electronics:
exceeds 3 percent. If electrical failure. glass defect. tire pressure monitor, Audio system, enter-
a problem rate is below Fuel system: Sensors Power equipment interior or exterior tainment system,
2 or 1 percent, it will (includes O₂ or oxygen and accessories: Cruise light, horn, gauges, 12V navigation system, back-
be assigned a 4 or sensor), emission control control, clock, warning power plug, remote up camera/sensors,
a 5 respectively. devices (includes EGR), lights, body control engine start, alarm or communication system.

1 2 3 4 5
A WORSE BETTER
Acura ILX Acura MDX
Introduced in 2013, Acura’s entry-level luxury compact shares its The MDX has always been among the better SUVs, with a strong,
underpinnings with the Honda Civic. But the ILX has different refined powertrain and a very functional seven-passenger interior.
suspension tuning, as well as fancier features and nicer interior The 2007 redesign was a significant improvement, and included a
materials. Early models were available three different four-cylinder 300-hp V6. The cabin is well-appointed and quiet, but road noise
engines : a 2.0-liter base, 1.5-liter hybrid, and a higher-performance is noticeable. The ride is firm but composed. Handling is responsive
2.4-liter. The base engine and five-speed automatic work very well. and the MDX is mostly agile. A welcome feature is a split third-row
The 2016 freshening included a standard dual-clutch transmission, seat that folds flat into the floor. The 2014 redesign had less road
which is clunky and reluctant to downshift. Handling is sound, but noise, but the dashboard became confusingly crowded with buttons.
the ride is stiff and choppy, road noise is pronounced, and the The small third-row seat is best for kids. In the most recent redesign,
driver’s seat lacks lower back support, all of which undermine the Acura added a nine-speed automatic that isn’t always smooth or
ILX’s pretense of affordable luxury. responsive, and a tricky-to-use pushbutton gear selector. The ride is
still quiet, but handling is a bit more mundane, though secure.
Redesign/Freshening: 2013, 2016.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014, 2016.
standard. Blind spot monitoring, FCW, and AEB optional from 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: Front. standard. Blind spot monitoring, FCW, and AEB optional from 2016.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
Reliability History Prices Reliability History Prices

2009 - 2009 $10,000 - $11,200
Trouble Acura ILX Trouble Acura MDX
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $11,500 - $13,700
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $12,800 - $14,900
Engine, Major 5
0 * *5
0 * * 2012 - Engine, Major 5
0403
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $14,600 - $16,900
Engine Minor 0 *
5 *5
0 * * 2013 $10,900 - $12,500 Engine Minor 4
0402
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $16,200 - $18,800
2014 $12,900 - $14,700 2014 $19,600 - $24,400
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 *5
0 * * Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $14,300 - $16,300 2015 $22,000 - $27,300
Trans. Major 0 *
5 *5
0 * * Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0305
050
2016 $16,300 - $18,900 2016 $23,900 - $30,000
Trans. Minor 0 *
1 *4
0 * * 2017 $18,200 - $20,500
Trans. Minor 1
0305
0504
0305
0104
050 2017 $31,500 - $40,600
Drive System 0 *
5 *4
0 * * 2018 $19,900 - $22,600
Drive System 5
0404
0505
0405
0305
050 2018 $36,500 - $45,700
Fuel System 0 *
5 *5
0 * * Fuel System 5
0504
0505
0504
0405
050
Electrical 0 *
5 *5
0 * * Crash-Test Results
Electrical 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst. 0 *
5 *5
0 * * Model Offset Full Side
Climate Syst. 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Model Offset Full Side
yr. frontal yr. frontal
Suspension 0 *
5 *5
0 * * Suspension 3
0101
0303
0403
0405
050
2009 - - - 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 0 *
4 *5
0 * * 2010
Brakes 5
0504
0404
0405
0405
050 2010
- - - Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 0 *
5 *5
0 * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 0 *
1 *5
0 * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
0504
0504
0504
0504
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 0 *
3 *5
0 * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks 5
0403
0404
0204
0305
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 0 *
5 *5
0 * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5 Body Hardware 3
0505
0505
0505
0504
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 Good 5/4 5/5 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 0 *
2 *5
0 * * Power Equip. 1
0404
0204
0304
0404
050
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 *4
0 * * In-Car Electr. 1
044
0302
0103
0303
050
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0 4
0 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 4
0403
0504
0304
0103
030 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
100 USED CARS CR.ORG/CARS

A
Acura RDX ! Good Bet Acura RL, RLX
Derived from the Honda CR-V, the RDX bowed in 2007 as a small, While quiet and refined, the RL has always trailed its German
all-wheel-drive upscale SUV. First generation models have a 2.3-liter competitors in performance. Overall, we liked the RL’s roomy cabin,
turbocharged four-cylinder that either hesitates or bursts forward comfortable ride, sound handling, and exceptional brakes. But it
with power, and lacks the refinement of a V6. Handling is relatively lacked expected features such as dual-zone climate control and
agile, but the ride is way too stiff, and road noise is pronounced. other niceties. A 2005 redesign brought more horsepower and a
Because of this we would avoid the first-generation RDX. The 2013 switch to standard all-wheel drive. Handling and ride comfort still
and later models are much better, with a roomier interior and a didn’t match other sports luxury sedan peers, although the 2009
smooth, powerful V6 coupled with a six-speed automatic. The ride update helped. The interior was nicely finished but cramped for a
improved and the interior is better trimmed. Updated for 2016, big car. For 2014, the redesigned version arrived as the RLX and
the RDX gained more safety features as well as Acura’s overly- came with front-wheel drive and a V6 engine. It is a roomy sedan
complicated dual-screen infotainment system. Other changes and has a smooth powertrain, but demerits include clumsy handling,
included a minimal bump in horsepower and slightly improved a jittery ride, and confusing controls. The hybrid version is all-wheel
highway fuel economy figures. drive only.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2013, 2019. Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2014.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard. Blind spot monitoring, FCW, and AEB optional from 2016. standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2006.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $8,600 - $9,100 2009 $8,400 - $8,800
Trouble Acura RDX Trouble Acura RL, RLX
Spots 2010 $9,500 - $10,500 Spots 2010 $9,600 - $10,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,400 - $11,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,800 - $12,300
Engine, Major
*504
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $11,900 - $13,400 Engine, Major
* * * * 5
0 * * * * 2012 $14,600 - $15,800
Engine Minor
*404
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $14,900 - $16,800 Engine Minor
* * * * 0 *
5 * * * 2013 -
2014 $16,900 - $19,100 2014 $17,300 - $20,400
Engine Cooling
*504
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $19,200 - $21,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * 0 *
5 * * * 2015 $19,200 - $22,700
Trans. Major
*405
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $22,200 - $27,300
Trans. Major
* * * * 0 *
5 * * * 2016 $23,000 - $28,100
Trans. Minor
*105
0304
0405
0505
050 2017 $25,800 - $33,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * 0 *
1 * * * 2017 $30,600 - $36,800
Drive System
*403
0104
0405
0505
050 2018 $29,600 - $37,100
Drive System
* * * * 0 *
5 * * * 2018 $38,700 - $43,800
Fuel System
*405
0205
0505
0505
050 Fuel System
* * * * 0 *
5 * * *
Electrical
*505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
* * * * 0 *
5 * * * Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst.
*101
0204
0504
0405
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * 0 *
5 * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*502
0102
0304
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * 0 *
4 * * * 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*103
0102
0403
0204
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * 0 *
5 * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
*405
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 0 *
5 * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*104
0504
0504
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * 0 *
3 * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*301
0504
0502
0504
050 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * 0 *
4 * * * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
*405
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * 0 *
3 * * * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
*505
0404
0402
0504
050
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * 0 *
1 * * * 2016
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 45
0304
0405
0302
040
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * 0 *
4 * * * 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0403
0404
0304
0404
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 4
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5
CR.ORG/CARS USED CARS 101

1 2 3 4 5
A WORSE BETTER
Acura TL ! Good Bet Acura TLX
Starting in 2009, the third-generation TL was basically a fancier Acura’s best sedan doesn’t quite measure up to the competition.
Honda Accord V6. Spacious and well-finished, the TL featured a It’s available with either a four- or a six-cylinder engine; all-wheel
refined drivetrain and competent, but not sporty, handling. We drive is only available with the V6. The 2.4-liter uses an eight-speed
were less impressed with the 2009 redesign. Although overall it is automatic that delivers quick, direct shifts and contributes to the
a fine car, it doesn’t stand out among sporty midsize sedans in any very good 27 mpg overall. The V6 is a gem, with plenty of power,
category other than reliability. The cabin is well finished but road but its nine-speed automatic shifts roughly and uses an annoying
noise intrudes and the dash is cluttered with buttons. The front seats pushbutton shifter. Handling is responsive, but not sporty, although
are comfortable but the rear is cramped. Our tested FWD, 3.5-liter the ride is quite comfortable. The cabin is quiet, but rear-seat room
V6 returned 24 mpg overall with the six-speed automatic. It had taut is so-so. Featuring two different screens, the infotainment system
handling and a compliant, if firm, ride. But we found the steering is unintuitive to use. A generous roster of advanced safety systems
vague and lacking feedback. AWD was available with the 3.7-liter includes forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking,
V6. 2014 was the last year for the TL. lane departure warning, and blind spot warning. A 2018 update
made the AcuraWatch suite of safety equipment standard, as well
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2009. as adding a few luxury features.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard. . Redesign/Freshening: 2015.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2015, standard from 2018.
Drive Wheels: AWD, Front.

2009 $8,800 - $9,900 2009 -
Trouble Acura TL Trouble Acura TLX
Spots 2010 $9,700 - $10,900 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,800 - $12,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
040 2012 $11,900 - $14,600 Engine, Major 5
0505
050 2012 -
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,800 - $17,100 Engine Minor 5
0505
050 2013 -
Engine Cooling 2014 $15,200 - $19,300 Engine Cooling 2014 -

5
0505
0505
050 5
0505
050
2015 - 2015 $16,000 - $20,300
Trans. Major 5
0305
0404
040 Trans. Major 3
0405
050
2016 - 2016 $18,000 - $22,900
Trans. Minor 5
0502
0202
050 Trans. Minor 1
0102
040
2017 - 2017 $20,800 - $27,600
Drive System 5
0505
0404
040 Drive System 3
0305
050
2018 - 2018 $24,500 - $34,600
Fuel System 5
0504
0505
040 Fuel System 5
0505
050
Electrical 4
0504
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
050
Crash-Test Results Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst. 2
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0504
Suspension 4
0505
0302
040 Suspension 5
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 2
0501
0502
050 Brakes 3
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0504
050 Exhaust 5
0505
050
2011 Good NT NT 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0301
0501
040 2012 Paint/Trim 4
0405
050 2012
Good 4/3 3/4 - - -
Noises & Leaks 4
0401
0401
050 2013 Good 4/3 3/4 Noises & Leaks 4
0305
050 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 4
0504
0502
050 2014 Good 4/3 3/4 Body Hardware 4
0505
050 2014 - - -
Power Equip. 2015 - - - Power Equip. 2015 Good 5/5 5/5

4
0304
0403
040 4
0305
050
2016 - - - 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
021
0303
030 In-Car Electr. 3
0301
010
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0504
0403
040 2018 - - - Verdict 1
0103
040 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

A
Acura TSX ! Good Bet Audi A3
Acura’s entry-level TSX first arrived for 2004. Though not as exciting The A3 is an upscale compact sedan or hatchback with a tasteful
to drive as the best sports sedans, it was certainly more agile than interior and, in most versions, a gutsy 2.0-liter, turbocharged four-
a Honda Accord. Our major beef was the stiff ride. The powertrain cylinder engine. It’s a relative of the Volkswagen Golf and Jetta.
was very smooth, and the four-cylinder engine returned good fuel Front-wheel drive is standard but as in other Audis, all-wheel drive
economy. Interior fit and finish is impressive, and the controls are is available. We found the A3 quite nimble and quick. The S-tronic
logically arranged, but the rear seat is not that roomy. The TSX is an transmission, an automated manual, works well but tends to
excellent used-car alternative to a new small sedan because it came transmit some vibrations at low speeds. A more powerful 3.2-liter V6
with standard electronic stability control. 2009 brought a much- was optional on front-drive versions and standard with AWD models
improved, all-new model that was roomier, quieter, and enjoyable until 2009. A redesigned A3 sedan arrived for 2015. It was a much
to drive thanks to its mildly sporty character. The front seats are more modern car with a more substantial feel, sporty handling,
comfortable; the rear is a little tight. A wagon bodystyle was also a taut ride, and an up-to-date infotainment system. We got a
available. Overall, a used TSX is an economical choice of getting a respectable 27 mpg overall in our tests of a FWD version with the
semi-luxurious car without overspending on maintenance and repair. 1.8-liter engine.
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2009. Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2015.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head
protection air bags standard. protection air bags standard. Rear side air bags available.
Drive Wheels: Front. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $8,100 - $8,600 2009 $5,100 - $9,700
Trouble Acura TSX Trouble Audi A3
Spots 2010 $8,600 - $10,100 Spots 2010 $5,800 - $9,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,600 - $11,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,300 - $10,000
Engine, Major 5
0305
0505
050 2012 $11,100 - $13,500 Engine, Major
* * * * * 5
0405
050 2012 $8,200 - $11,500
Engine Minor 3
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,800 - $16,100 Engine Minor
* * * * * 5
0504
050 2013 $10,500 - $13,300
2014 $14,800 - $18,500 2014 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
050
2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 4
0505
050
2015 $14,800 - $23,500
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
050
2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * 5
0405
050
2016 $17,100 - $28,600
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
050 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 5
0404
050 2017 $20,200 - $32,800
Drive System 4
0405
0503
050 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * 4
0505
050 2018 $24,400 - $38,100
Fuel System 5
0404
0505
050 Fuel System
* * * * * 2
0305
040
Electrical 5
0405
0505
Electrical
* * * * * 5
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0405
0403
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * 5
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0402
0103
040
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * 5
0505
050
2009 Good NT NT
Brakes 1
0304
0402
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * 4
0405
050 2010 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * 5
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 1
0105
0404
030 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 3
0504
0403
* * * * * 4
0504
040 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0503
0504
010 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * 4
0505
050 2014 - - -
2015 - 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0402
0404
050
2016
- - Power Equip.
* * * * * 1
0302
050
2016
- Good 4/5 5/5
* * * * *
In-Car Electr. - - In-Car Electr.
5
0501
0204
050 4
0401
050
2017 - - - 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0404
0504
050 2018 - - - Verdict 3
0203
030 2018 Good 4/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
A WORSE BETTER
Audi A4 Audi A5
The A4 is available with front- or all-wheel drive. The cars feature These coupes and convertibles have quiet, luxurious cabins with
impressive attention to interior detail, but the four-cylinder turbo room for four. Although the rear seat is snug, it’s one of the best in
engine could sound a bit rough. The 2009 redesign was a big step any convertible. The car drives well, with agile handling and a taut,
forward in terms of handling agility and overall refinement. Handling compliant suspension. The A5 initially used a 3.2-liter V6 engine
was agile and very secure, the ride was firm but supple, and interior in the base model, while the S5 performance version featured a
quality was first-rate. The rear seat grew a bit, but was still tight, 4.2-liter V8. A turbocharged four-cylinder arrived in 2010, delivering
though, and some controls became overly complex. The 2.0-liter, ample power but sounding raspy. The V6 was dropped in 2013.
turbocharged four-cylinder and slick eight-speed automatic returned The eight-speed automatic is super-smooth. The convertible has a
a very respectable 25 mpg overall in our tests of an all-wheel-drive shudder-free body structure and is almost devoid of wind buffeting,
version. The 2017 redesign brought a seven-speed dual-clutch and the well-insulated soft top can be operated while driving at
transmission mated to the turbo four-cylinder engine which has low speeds. The S5 uses the supercharged V6 and seven-speed
even better fuel economy. The high-performance S4’s 3.0-liter automated manual.
supercharged V6 was replaced by a turbo V6 in the 2018 redesign.
Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2017. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head protection air bags standard.
protection air bags standard; rear side available. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $5,300 - $8,700 2009 $9,400 - $10,200
Trouble Audi A4 Trouble Audi A5
Spots 2010 $6,100 - $10,200 Spots 2010 $7,500 - $13,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,100 - $12,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,200 - $14,800
Engine, Major 1
0101
0104
0505
0505
050 2012 $8,800 - $14,900 Engine, Major
* *1
0404
0505
050 *5
0 2012 $11,100 - $18,300
Engine Minor 1
0101
0102
0404
0505
050 2013 $10,700 - $17,000 Engine Minor
* *1
0303
0503
050 *5
0 2013 $12,900 - $21,100
2014 $13,700 - $20,200 2014 $15,600 - $24,400
Engine Cooling 1
0204
0205
0405
0505
050
2015 $16,900 - $22,200
Engine Cooling
* *1
0402
0505
050 *5
0
2015 $19,800 - $28,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0504
0505
050
2016 $19,600 - $23,600
Trans. Major
* *5
0505
0505
050 *5
0
2016 $22,400 - $29,200
Trans. Minor 3
0504
0305
0505
0505
050 2017 $21,700 - $33,400
Trans. Minor
* *5
0505
0504
050 *5
0 2017 $28,900 - $33,400
Drive System 5
0203
0503
0405
0505
050 2018 $26,000 - $38,400
Drive System
* *5
0405
0505
050 *5
0 2018 $32,900 - $43,700
Fuel System 1
0205
0203
0205
0505
050 Fuel System
* *4
0204
0504
020 *5
0
Electrical 5
0201
0405
0505
0505
Electrical
* *5
0305
0505
050 *5
Climate Syst. 2
0502
0403
0204
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *2
0302
0403
040 *5
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 2
0402
0402
0205
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* *5
0504
0505
050 *5
0
2009 NT NT NT
Brakes 4
0503
0304
0304
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* *5
0502
0502
050 *5
0 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0503
0405
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 3/4 4/5
Exhaust
* *5
0505
0505
050 *5
0 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0402
0503
0404
0504
050 2012 Good 3/4 4/5 Paint/Trim
* *4
0505
0505
050 *5
0 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
0304
0505
0305
0504
040 2013 Good 5/5 4/5 Noises & Leaks
* *5
0103
0505
040 *5
0 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 1
0504
0505
0505
0505
* *3
0404
0505
050 *5
0 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 5/5 4/5 2015 NT
Power Equip. 1
0503
0501
0405
0504
050
2016
Power Equip.
* *3
0403
0503
050 *5
0
2016
NT NT
Good 5/5 4/5 NT
* *1 0 *5
In-Car Electr. In-Car Electr. NT NT
3
0302
0403
0404
0404
040 0404
0504
04 0
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0203
0204
0504
030 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 2
0403
0503
050 4
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

A
Audi A6 Audi A7
Starting with its 2005 redesign the A6 became a solid, luxurious, Starting with its 2005 redesign the A6 became a solid, luxurious,
and agile sedan. The base engine was a 250-hp 3.2-liter V6, and and agile sedan. The base engine was a 250-hp 3.2-liter V6, and
most versions were sold with all-wheel drive. We found the car most versions were sold with all-wheel drive. We found the car
comfortable and refined but its control interface can be frustrating comfortable and refined but its control interface can be frustrating
to use at first. A 300-hp, 3.0-liter supercharged V6 became standard to use at first. A 300-hp, 3.0-liter supercharged V6 became standard
on all-wheel-drive versions in 2009. The 2012 redesign made the car on all-wheel-drive versions in 2009. The 2012 redesign made the
even better, with upgraded interior materials, a roomy cabin, super car even better, with upgraded interior materials, a roomy cabin,
comfortable seats, and a slick eight-speed automatic, making it one super comfortable seats, and a slick eight-speed automatic, making
of our favorite mid-sized luxury sedans. It’s super-quiet and makes it one of our favorite mid-sized luxury sedans. It’s super-quiet and
an excellent long-distance cruiser. We got a commendable 22 mpg makes an excellent long-distance cruiser. We got a commendable 22
overall with the V6. A 2.0-liter, turbocharged four-cylinder gas engine mpg overall with the V6. A 2.0-liter, turbocharged four-cylinder gas
arrived in 2013, but it has a raspy, less-than-luxurious sound quality. engine arrived in 2013, but it has a raspy, less-than-luxurious sound
quality.
Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2012, 2019.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2012, 2019.
protection air bags standard; rear side available. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. protection air bags standard; rear side available.

2009 $5,700 - $12,200 2009 -
Trouble Audi A6 Trouble Audi A7
Spots 2010 $6,200 - $13,900 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,900 - $16,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * *1
0405
0505
0505
0 2012 $10,400 - $15,900 Engine, Major 5
0505
0 *5
0 * * 2012 $19,100 - $20,500
Engine Minor
* * *2
0505
0505
0505
0 2013 $11,900 - $17,700 Engine Minor 4
05 0 *5
05 0 * * 2013 $20,900 - $22,300
2014 $14,500 - $22,000 2014 $24,900 - $27,400
Engine Cooling
* * *5
0505
0305
0505
0
2015 $18,800 - $27,000
Engine Cooling 4
05 0 *5
03 0 * * 2015 $30,300 - $33,300
Trans. Major
* * *5
0405
0505
0505
0
2016 $22,500 - $32,500
Trans. Major 5
05 0 *5
05 0 * * 2016 $35,600 - $39,000
Trans. Minor
* * *5
0505
0504
0505
0 2017 $27,700 - $43,800
Trans. Minor 5
05 0 *5
05 0 * * 2017 $46,500 - $49,700
Drive System
* * *4
0505
0505
0405
0 2018 $31,500 - $45,700
Drive System 5
02 0 *1
05 0 * * 2018 $55,300 - $57,700
Fuel System
* * *2
0101
0203
0505
0 Fuel System 2
02 0 *5
01 0 * *
Electrical
* * *4
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 4
05 0 *5
05 0 * * Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst.
* * *3
0404
0405
0505
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
01 0 *5
05 0 * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * *3
0305
0504
0505
0
2009 Good NT NT
Suspension 1
02 0 *5
02 0 * * 2009 - - -
Brakes
* * *5
0201
0101
0302
0 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes 2
05 0 *4
01 0 * * 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * *2
0405
0505
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 4
05 0 *5
05 0 * * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * *3
0505
0505
0405
0 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
05 0 *5
04 0 * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * *4
0404
0303
0505
0 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
04 0 *3
04 0 * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * *4
0505
0505
0405
05 0 *5
05 0 * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * *1
0404
0404
0505
0
2016
Power Equip. 4
01 0 *1
05 0 * * 2016
NT NT
Good 5/5 5/5 NT
* * *3 0 *1
0 * *
0404
0402
0305
0 1
0504
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0403
0302
0202
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0203
0 2
0 2018 NT NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
A WORSE BETTER
Audi A8 Audi Q3
Audi’s flagship has always been comfortable, capable, and replete Slotted below the Q5, the Q3 competes with the BMW X1 and
with the latest safety gear. The cabin is well appointed but the MMI Mercedes-Benz GLA. Overall it manages to deliver a similarly
driver interaction system can be a challenge at first. 2011 brought a premium driving experience as in the Q5 but in a 10-inch shorter
significantly improved car. Handling became crisp, making the A8 package. The energetic 200-hp, 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder is mated
one of the sportiest luxury sedans available, and the ride is firm yet to a conventional six-speed automatic, and returned 22 mpg overall
supple. The standard all-wheel drive gives it good winter traction. in our tests. This is a quiet SUV with a firm, comfortable ride and
The strong engines deliver smooth and effortless acceleration, yet responsive handling. The cabin shows thoughtful attention to detail.
attain commendable fuel economy. Interior ambiance and quality Demerits include the tight quarters and controls that take some
of materials and craftsmanship is top-notch, with exceptionally getting used to. Front- and all-wheel-drive versions are available.
comfortable and supportive front seats. The controls have a steep The 2017 model year brought a revised turbocharged four-cylinder
learning curve and the trunk is small for a car this size. engine.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $8,400 - $18,200 2009 -
Trouble Audi A8 Trouble Audi Q3
Spots 2010 $10,000 - $11,100 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $16,100 - $17,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2012 $17,900 - $32,300 Engine, Major 3
0505
050 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2013 $19,800 - $37,700 Engine Minor 4
0505
050 2013 -
2014 $22,700 - $47,000 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2015 $28,700 - $57,400
Engine Cooling 4
0505
050
2015 $18,900 - $21,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2016 $35,200 - $68,400
Trans. Major 5
0505
050
2016 $21,700 - $24,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2017 $42,300 - $55,200
Trans. Minor 5
0505
050 2017 $22,100 - $29,200
Drive System
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2018 $51,800 - $65,300
Drive System 5
0505
050 2018 $25,100 - $30,700
Fuel System
* * * * * *2
0 * * * Fuel System 5
0505
050
Electrical
* * * * * *5
Electrical 5
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *5
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0405
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension 5
0405
050
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * *3
0 * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 4
0505
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * *2
0 * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0505
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
0305
050 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware 5
0505
050 2014 - - -
2015 NT 2015 Good
Power Equip.
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip. 1
0105
030
2016 Good
NT NT
* * * * * *5
0 * * *
In-Car Electr. NT NT In-Car Electr. NT NT
2
0101
020
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0 2018 NT NT NT Verdict 3
0405
030 2018 Good NT NT

A
Audi Q5 Audi Q7
The Q5’s handling is agile and sporty, among the best for an SUV. Audi’s midsized luxury SUV has a tight but serviceable third-row
It has a steady, supple ride and excellent braking. The 3.2-liter seat. The strong 350-hp, 4.2-liter V8 pulls smoothly, but returns just
V6 provides generous power and returns 19 mpg overall. 2011 15 mpg overall on premium fuel. The V6 version got 17 mpg overall in
brought a four-cylinder engine and an eight speed automatic. This our tests. Handling is fairly nimble but doesn’t shine at its limits. The
combination returned 21 mpg overall in our tests. The beautifully ride is steady, though a little stiff at low speeds. Front-seat comfort
furnished interior is commendably quiet, but rear seat room and is excellent, interior fit and finish is superb, and the cabin is quiet, but
cargo space are modest. Controls take some getting used to, but the MMI driver-interaction system can be confusing. A turbodiesel
they ultimately prove logical. Turbodiesel and hybrid versions were V6 was added in 2009, while both the V6 and V8 gas engines were
also available in some years, but are rare. The redesigned 2018 replaced by a supercharged V6 in 2011. The 2017 redesign made the
model included a new seven-speed dual-clutch transmission and a Q7 an impressive vehicle. The supercharged V6 smooth eight-speed
revised 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder engine. Some important active automatic combined for effortless acceleration and 20 mpg overall
safety systems, including forward collision warning and automatic in our tests. The SUV is very quiet, instilling a sense of tranquility.
emergency braking with pedestrian detection, were standard. The ride has an underlying firmness. Handling is responsive and
confidence-inspiring. The beautifully finished interior exudes luxury.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2017.
standard; rear side optional. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 $8,900 - $10,500 2009 $8,500 - $11,100
Trouble Audi Q5 Trouble Audi Q7
Spots 2010 $9,700 - $11,500 Spots 2010 $10,000 - $14,300
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,400 - $13,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,700 - $15,900
Engine, Major
*401
0103
0505
0505
050 2012 $12,200 - $16,900 Engine, Major
* * * * *5
040 5
050 2012 $13,400 - $17,800
Engine Minor
*101
0103
0405
0505
050 2013 $14,300 - $19,400 Engine Minor
* * * * *5
040 5
050 2013 $16,000 - $21,200
2014 $16,600 - $26,500 2014 $18,700 - $24,000
Engine Cooling
*203
0204
0505
0505
050
2015 $19,900 - $32,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
040 5
050
2015 $22,400 - $29,300
Trans. Major
*505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $23,500 - $39,700
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
050 5
050
2016 -
Trans. Minor
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $28,400 - $45,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
050 5
050 2017 $34,100 - $49,500
Drive System
*202
0504
0505
0505
050 2018 $33,300 - $50,300
Drive System
* * * * *5
050 5
050 2018 $42,100 - $54,800
Fuel System
*403
0202
0101
0405
050 Fuel System
* * * * *3
010 5
050
Electrical
*503
0405
0505
0505
Electrical
* * * * *5
040 5
Climate Syst.
*303
0101
0303
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * *4
030 5
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*305
0503
0304
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * *5
050 5
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*205
0202
0203
0305
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * *3
010 3
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
*405
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * *4
050 5
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*404
0305
0404
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * *4
050 5
050 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*104
0101
0203
0405
* * * * *5
010 5
040 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
*405
0505
0505
0505
* * * * *5
020 5
050 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 4/5 5/5 2015 Good
Power Equip.
*404
0303
0405
0505
050
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * *3
010 4
050
2016
NT NT
Good 4/5 5/5 NT
* 42 * * * * *5
0504
0303
0301
040 010 2
050
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0102
0203
0304
0503
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 4
010 3
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
A WORSE BETTER
Audi TT BMW 1 Series, 2 Series
The TT has been offered as a coupe or convertible with front- or all- The compact 1 Series is available as a two-door coupe or
wheel drive. Though artfully styled and well finished, handling isn’t convertible. Power comes from smooth, powerful six-cylinder
as sporty as competitors like the Porsche Boxster or Honda S2000 of engines, including a muscular 300-hp twin-turbo. Excellent steering
the era. The standard 180-hp turbo four-cylinder was matched with and body control, along with slick shifter and clutch action, make
a five-speed manual. AWD models got a gutsier but still-noisy 225- the 1 Series a blast to drive. The 135i we tested was super agile and
hp engine and six-speed manual. The ride was very stiff and visibility quick, and even returned decent fuel economy. Although snug,
poor. A 250-hp V6 with a six- speed automatic was also offered. the interior features high levels of fit and finish. 2013 was the final
The 2008 redesign gave it crisper handling and a less punishing year for this fun and agile car. The more refined and fun to drive 2
ride. Interior materials and details improved, and the 2.0-liter turbo Series, with a choice of turbocharged four and six-cylinder engines
four-cylinder and automated-manual gearbox make up a punchy replaced it for 2014. It is available with all-wheel drive in coupe and
powertrain that sounds good and adds to the cars sporty character. convertible forms. A sportier, more-powerful M2 version arrived
2016 brought a far more refined and advanced redesign that in 2016. 2017 brought a change in nomenclature, with the base
featured a slick interior and all-digital instrument panel. 228i becoming the 230i and powered by a 248-hp, 2.0-liter four-
cylinder engine.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side air bags standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2014.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $8,400 - $19,200 2009 $6,800 - $9,000
Trouble Audi TT Trouble BMW 1 Series, 2 Series
Spots 2010 $11,500 - $20,600 Spots 2010 $7,300 - $10,100
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $12,800 - $21,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,000 - $11,400
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $14,000 - $30,200 Engine, Major
* *5
05 0 *5
03 0505
050 2012 $9,400 - $13,400
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $15,900 - $33,000 Engine Minor
* *1
01 0 *5
01 0505
050 2013 $10,800 - $18,300
2014 $18,300 - $27,100 2014 $14,300 - $20,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $22,900 - $33,500
Engine Cooling
* *3
05 0 *5
05 0505
050
2015 $17,700 - $25,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $30,300 - $36,600
Trans. Major
* *1
05 0 *5
05 0505
050
2016 $20,400 - $31,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $35,200 - $43,500
Trans. Minor
* *3
05 0 *5
05 0505
050 2017 $23,200 - $35,700
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $40,400 - $63,800
Drive System
* *5
05 0 *5
05 0505
040 2018 $26,700 - $40,400
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* *4
05 0 *5
01 0505
050
Electrical
* * * * * * * * * * Crash-Test Results
Electrical
* *1
01 0 *5
01 0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *3
02 0 *5
01 0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension
* *5
04 0 *5
05 0403
050
2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* *1
03 0 *5
05 0505
040 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
05 0 *5
05 0504
050 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* *5
05 0 *5
04 0505
050 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* *5
01 0 *4
05 0404
050 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* *5
05 0 *5
04 0505
050 2014 Good NT NT
2015 NT 2015 Good
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip.
* *4
01 0 *1
04 0105
030
2016 Good
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * *5 0 *5
0305 0404
040
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 NT NT NT Verdict 1
02 0 *5
01 0305
010 2018 Good NT NT

B
BMW 3 Series BMW 4 Series
No matter which 3 Series you choose, the compliant ride, slick and The 4 Series coupe and convertible pack style, luxury, and exclusivity
punchy engine, and fun-to-drive formula make it a car that defines a into a sporty, two-door package. Formerly part of the 3 Series lineup,
sports sedan. Over the years it has been offered with a wide variety this plush and comfortable line is lower and wider than its sedan
of engines, and in sedan, convertible, and wagon bodystyles. For brethren. They are more well-mannered touring cars than sportsters,
2012, the 3 Series grew larger and softer, more comfortable and fuel yet they’re quite capable. Handling is taut, the ride is steady and
efficient, but a little less fun. However, the interior grew plusher and compliant, and the interior is plush. The rear seat is relatively
more high tech. Hybrid and diesel versions were offered. Changes spacious. The turbocharged, 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine is sparing
for 2016 included a new 3.0-liter six-cylinder gasoline engine for with fuel; the 3.0-liter, six-cylinder turbo is super smooth and delivers
the top trim 340i. Other updates included an enhanced suspension effortless punch, which makes the 440i a treat to drive. All-wheel
and redesigned electric power steering system. For 2017, BMW drive is optional. The convertible version uses a retractable hardtop
introduced new four-cylinder engines, changing the 328i to the that can be operated at slow speeds. The ultra-high-performance
330i, and cars with navigation got the latest (and somewhat M4 is a track-ready version
simplified) version of the iDrive infotainment system.
Redesign/Freshening: 2014.
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012, 2019. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags standard.
standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2009 $6,200 - $9,100 2009 -
Trouble BMW 3 Series Trouble BMW 4 Series
Spots 2010 $6,600 - $10,100 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,600 - $13,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 4
0201
0403
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,100 - $17,000 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 2012 -
Engine Minor 1
0101
0202
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,200 - $19,200 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0 2013 -
Engine Cooling 2014 $12,600 - $21,000 Engine Cooling 2014 $16,500 - $22,000
1
0502
0505
0405
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0
2015 $15,200 - $23,800 2015 $19,200 - $27,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0405
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0
2016 $17,300 - $28,700 2016 $21,800 - $32,100
Trans. Minor 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0
2017 $20,900 - $32,600 2017 $25,500 - $37,200
Drive System 3
0503
0303
0405
0404
050 Drive System 5
0505
0505
0
2018 $27,600 - $39,000 2018 $28,400 - $41,100
Fuel System 2
0101
0303
0105
0405
050 Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0
Electrical 1
0101
0104
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0505
0
Climate Syst. 1
0301
0303
0403
0404
Climate Syst. 4
0403
0505
Suspension 3
0203
0501
0505
0505
050 Suspension 5
0405
0505
0
2009 Good 4/4 5/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 3
0303
0304
0404
0505
050 Brakes 4
0505
0505
0
2010 Good 4/4 5/5 2010 - - -
Exhaust 5
0405
0404
0405
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0
2011 Good NT NT 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 3
0503
0304
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2012
Good 4/5 5/5 - - -
Noises & Leaks 2
0201
0404
0305
0304
0205
0505
0 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 4
0404
0404
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2014 NT NT NT
Power Equip. 2015 Good 4/5 5/5 Power Equip. 2015 NT NT NT

2
0402
0103
0103
0405
040 1
0303
0405
0
2016 Good 4/5 5/5 2016 NT NT NT
In-Car Electr. 3
0303
0304
0105
0403
0405
0305
0
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0201
0302
0204
0403
010 2018 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0404
0405
0 2018 NT NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
B WORSE BETTER
BMW 5 Series BMW 6 Series
Prior to 2011, the midsized 5 Series was quiet, plush, and fun to The 6 Series coupe, convertible, and four-door Gran Coupe share a
drive, with nimble handling and invigorating six- and eight-cylinder platform with the 5 Series. The standard 4.4-liter V8 is smooth and
engines. The 2011 redesign grew larger and has an elegant and punchy, and handling is agile. But the ride can be choppy. A redesign
composed ride, but it lost some of its handling precision. Interior for 2012 brought the four-door Grand Coupe along with power from
room, refinement, and fuel efficiency all improved. Fit and finish is a 3.0-liter, turbo six-cylinder or a 4.4-liter V8 mated to an eight-
excellent, the engines are powerful and refined, and the eight-speed speed automatic or a six-speed manual. The V8 delivers ferocious
automatic shifts smoothly. The cabin is comfortable and roomy with acceleration and an invigorating exhaust note. Handling is much
excellent seats. The iDrive infotainment system takes some getting sharper than the 5 Series, making this more of a driver’s car than its
used to, but is logical to use. Both rear- and all-wheel-drive versions predecessor. The M version is even more performance oriented.
are available. The 2017 redesign brought updated engines, better
fuel economy improvements to iDrive (including the touch screen), Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2012.
and marginally more interior room. Available active safety systems Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
include forward collision warning and lane keeping assist. standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard.

2009 $6,300 - $7,600 2009 $10,000 - $10,800
Trouble BMW 5 Series Trouble BMW 6 Series
Spots 2010 $7,100 - $8,500 Spots 2010 $11,600 - $12,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,300 - $11,900 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
*103
0104
0505
0505
050 2012 $10,500 - $14,400 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2012 $16,900 - $19,300
Engine Minor
*101
0101
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,000 - $18,200 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2013 $19,100 - $24,600
2014 $16,200 - $21,800 2014 $22,700 - $29,300
Engine Cooling
*102
0205
0405
0505
050
2015 $19,200 - $28,900
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * 2015 $27,600 - $35,600
Trans. Major
*405
0505
0405
0505
050
2016 $22,800 - $36,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * 2016 $32,300 - $44,600
Trans. Minor
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $30,800 - $44,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $42,200 - $61,400
Drive System
*202
0104
0505
0505
050 2018 $39,700 - $63,100
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2018 $45,700 - $80,500
Fuel System
*101
0102
0205
0304
050 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * *
Electrical
*101
0404
0505
0505
Electrical
* * * * * * * * * Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst.
*204
0401
0405
0504
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*202
0205
0505
0505
050
2009 Good 3/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
*504
0505
0404
0405
050 2010 Good 3/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
*505
0505
0505
0504
050 2011 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
*504
0405
0505
0505
* * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*403
0201
0505
0505
* * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
*504
0504
0505
0505
* * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 4/4 5/5 2015 NT
Power Equip.
*101
0104
0205
0301
040
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * 2016
NT NT
Good 4/4 5/5 NT
* 44 * * * * * * * * *
0403
0304
0404
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0303
0503
0102
0 2018 Good NT NT Verdict 2018 NT NT NT

B
BMW 7 Series BMW i3
BMW’s top-of-the-line sedan has first class accommodations, with BMW’s i3 is a rear-wheel-drive, four-seat electric car that works
comfortable seats and abundant features. 2006 brought a new best for urban use. It has a short electric driving range and even
4.8-liter V8 and some mild exterior changes. With the 2009 redesign long drives require frequent refueling stops due to the small gas
the car lost its crisp, sporty luxury feel. Handling lacked agility, and tank for the range extending gas engine. The electric drive produces
the 750Li we tested didn’t shine at its limits. The ride is steady and the equivalent of 170 hp. An optional two-cylinder engine acts as
supple but not that cushy. The turbo V8 is smooth, refined, and a generator to extend the range beyond the 72 miles, to about 150
punchy. Gas and diesel six-cylinders are also available, along with total. Charge times are 4.5 hours on 240-volt circuit. Despite its tall
a mighty V12. The controls require time to master. On the plus side, stance the car is very agile. It feels quick and easy to maneuver, but
the roomy cabin is super-quiet and impeccably finished, and seat the ride is rather stiff. The pronounced deceleration when lifting off
comfort is tops. A much improved 2016 redesign brought more agile the gas pedal takes some getting used to. 2017 brought a larger 94
handling, a steady ride, simplified controls, and lots of high-tech amp-hour battery (up from 60 amp-hour) and models with the
gizmos. range extender engine got a slightly bigger fuel tank, now up to
2.4 gallons.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2014.
standard; rear side available. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. standard.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $8,800 - $9,400 2009 -
Trouble BMW 7 Series Trouble BMW i3
Spots 2010 $10,000 - $19,400 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,900 - $20,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $12,200 - $25,300 Engine, Major 5
050 *5
0 * 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $15,800 - $31,400 Engine Minor 4
050 *5
0 * 2013 -
2014 $20,800 - $40,500 2014 $11,200 - $13,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $26,900 - $48,700
Engine Cooling 5
050 *5
0 *
2015 $13,000 - $15,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $40,200 - $50,400
Trans. Major 5
050 *5
0 *
2016 $14,400 - $16,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $46,000 - $114,400
Trans. Minor 5
050 *5
0 * 2017 $18,100 - $25,000
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $52,900 - $138,700
Drive System 2
050 *4
0 * 2018 $28,300 - $34,200
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System 5
050 *5
0 *
Electrical
Electrical 5
050 *5
0 * Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
030 *5
0 * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension 5
050 *5
0 *
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 5
050 *5
0 * 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
050 *5
0 * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
050 *5
0 * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
050 *5
0 * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware 5
050 *5
0 * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
050 *5
0 *
2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * 0 *5
0 *
4
05
Used-Car Used-Car
050 5
0 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
B WORSE BETTER
BMW X1 BMW X3
The X1 is a compact five-seat SUV smaller than the X3. The base The first-generation X3 had a very hard and choppy ride, as well
turbo four-cylinder and eight-speed automatic provide quick as a low-rent interior. The 2011 redesign was a big step forward
acceleration, and is available with rear- or all-wheel drive. It feels and impressed us with its sporty handling, a firm but compliant
quite sporty to drive, but ride comfort is on the stiff side and the ride, seamless eight-speed automatic, and roomier, nicely-finished
sharp and communicative steering feels heavy at low speeds. interior. For 2012 a four-cylinder turbo became the base engine,
Noise isolation and interior quality are decent. A used X1 is a viable and it returned 23 mpg overall in our tests. The front seats are very
alternative to a new small SUV that’s more fun-to-drive for the supportive and the rear seat is quite hospitable. Controls have a
same price. The second-generation’s lower ride height makes it feel learning curve but ultimately prove logical. Make sure you get an X3
almost like driving a sedan, although its ride and handling are more that came with the optional rear-view camera, otherwise reversing
ordinary than sporty. Road noise is rather noticeable. The interior is can be tricky.
typical BMW, with high-quality materials and switchgear. The front
seats are rather short and flat, however, while rear-seat passengers Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2011, 2018.
hit their shins against the backs for the front seats. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard; rear side available.
Redesign/Freshening: 2013, 2016. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.
standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front; Rear.

2009 - 2009 $6,800 - $6,800
Trouble BMW X1 Trouble BMW X3
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $7,900 - $7,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,600 - $11,600
Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
050 2012 - Engine, Major
* *1
0201
0505
0505
050 2012 $12,000 - $13,200
Engine Minor 4
0505
0304
050 2013 $9,900 - $13,600 Engine Minor
* *1
0101
0304
0505
050 2013 $12,600 - $14,700
2014 $12,200 - $16,100 2014 $16,800 - $18,900
Engine Cooling 1
0405
0505
050
2015 $14,900 - $18,700
Engine Cooling
* *1
0103
0405
0505
050
2015 $21,100 - $24,900
Trans. Major 4
0505
0505
050
2016 $22,900 - $22,900
Trans. Major
* *2
0405
0505
0505
050
2016 $23,900 - $29,600
Trans. Minor 3
0505
0505
050 2017 $24,200 - $25,900
Trans. Minor
* *2
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $25,400 - $35,800
Drive System 5
0504
0504
050 2018 $28,100 - $29,700
Drive System
* *1
0102
0505
0505
050 2018 $39,900 - $49,300
Fuel System 5
0404
0305
050 Fuel System
* *3
0104
0504
0405
050
Electrical 3
0504
0505
Electrical
* *1
0104
0504
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0504
0403
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *5
0304
0204
0405
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0505
0105
050
2009 - - -
Suspension
* *1
0203
0505
0505
050
2009 Good NT NT
Brakes 4
0503
0104
050 2010 - - -
Brakes
* *3
0404
0405
0505
050 2010 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0405
050 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* *4
0404
0505
0405
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0305
0504
050 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* *5
0504
0405
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 2
0401
0304
* *1
0503
0101
0204
030 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
* *5
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 3
0504
0103
020
2016
NT NT Power Equip.
* *1
0202
0304
0403
050
2016
Good Good 5/4 5/5
* *1
In-Car Electr. NT NT In-Car Electr.
5
0305
0203
050 0403
0303
0302
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0503
0103
030 2018 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict 1
0101
0303
0504
030 2018 Good NT NT

B
BMW X4 BMW X5
Emphasizing sport over utility, the X4 is a coupelike variant of the BMW’s sporty midsized SUV started out with a stiff ride but
X3. It’s agile, rides tautly, and has a beautifully trimmed cabin. Front comfortable seats and a plush interior. The 3.0-liter six-cylinder
and rear seats are lowered to keep passengers’ heads from hitting proved plenty powerful. The redesigned 2007 model was longer and
the low roof, and the cargo space shrinks considerably under the brought an optional, kids-only third row. The six- and eight-cylinder
sloping rear hatch, making it a less practical SUV. Engine choices are engines are powerful and the diesel version got 22 mpg in our tests.
a 240-hp, 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder and a 300-hp, 3.0-liter turbo The iDrive infotainment system takes some time to get used to a
six-cylinder that is particularly smooth and powerful. Both engines master. The 2014 redesign brought a smoother ride, quieter interior,
are mated to an eight-speed automatic transmission, and all-wheel more advanced safety equipment, and a high-tech interior, but also
drive is standard. Optional 19-inch tires make the ride a bit too jiggly. less-agile handling. The 3.0-liter turbo six cylinder is silky smooth
and returned a good 21-mpg overall. The third-row seat is only
Redesign/Freshening: 2015, 2019. suitable for small children to sit in.
standard; rear side available. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014, 2019.
Drive Wheels: AWD. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard; rear side available.

2009 - 2009 $8,300 - $8,400
Trouble BMW X4 Trouble BMW X5
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $9,300 - $17,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,200 - $19,600
Engine, Major
* * * * 2012 - Engine, Major
* *1
0104
0505
0505
050 2012 $13,400 - $21,800
Engine Minor
* * * * 2013 - Engine Minor
* *1
0101
0205
0405
050 2013 $16,200 - $24,500
2014 - 2014 $23,600 - $26,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2015 $25,100 - $27,300
Engine Cooling
* *1
0101
0505
0505
050
2015 $26,900 - $52,000
Trans. Major
* * * * 2016 $28,000 - $35,000
Trans. Major
* *3
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $30,900 - $59,600
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2017 $33,400 - $40,000
Trans. Minor
* *4
0403
0505
0505
050 2017 $35,400 - $71,700
Drive System
* * * * 2018 $38,200 - $46,400
Drive System
* *1
0101
0504
0504
050 2018 $42,300 - $84,300
Fuel System
* * * * Fuel System
* *1
0101
0505
0505
050
Electrical
* * * * Crash-Test Results
Electrical
* *1
0101
0505
0504
Climate Syst.
* * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *2
0404
0405
0504
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * 2009 - - -
Suspension
* *2
0104
0104
0505
050
2009 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* *2
0404
0504
0505
050 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* *3
0102
0505
0504
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* *4
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* *1
0201
0103
0403
050 2013 Good 3/3 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * 2014 - - - Body Hardware
* *4
0502
0505
0505
050 2014 Good NT NT
2015 NT 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * 2016
NT NT Power Equip.
* *4
0203
0404
0505
050
2016
NT Good 5/5 5/5
* * * * * *1
In-Car Electr. NT NT In-Car Electr. 0205
0405
0405
050
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
0101
0404
0402
040 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
B WORSE BETTER
BMW X6 BMW Z4
Based on the X5 SUV, the X6 is a tall coupe with four seats and While an improvement over the Z3, the Z4 still had a choppy ride
standard all-wheel drive. A turbocharged 3.0-liter six-cylinder engine and it isn’t as agile as one would expect from a two-seat roadster.
powers most versions and a 4.4-liter V8 is the up-level choice. Note The one-touch power top is very convenient. Both the available
that early versions had only four seats but most are five-seaters. The 3.0-liter six-cylinders are strong, and the M coupe and roadster use
interior is luxurious and well-crafted, and the seats are supportive an even more powerful 3.2-liter that makes 330 hp. Later models
for long trips. The infotainment system takes time to master but had a punchy 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder, which returned
ultimately proves logical. The styling severely hurts rear visibility, 28 mpg overall in our tests. Inside is a well-finished, but very snug,
cabin access, and cargo storage. Hybrid and high- performance M cabin. The iDrive controls can be fussy to use, particularly in manual-
versions were added in 2010. transmission cars. The folding hard top keeps the cabin quiet, but
it can’t be operated on the move, a drawback compared to the
Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2015. Porsche Boxster’s soft top. There wasn’t a Z4 for 2017 and 2018.
standard; rear side available. Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2019.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $12,200 - $12,500 2009 $12,000 - $13,700
Trouble BMW X6 Trouble BMW Z4
Spots 2010 $13,000 - $18,900 Spots 2010 $12,900 - $14,800
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $14,100 - $21,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,800 - $17,700
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $17,500 - $24,300 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * 2012 $14,500 - $19,000
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $20,200 - $29,400 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * 2013 $16,500 - $21,800
2014 $24,100 - $33,900 2014 $19,800 - $24,900
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $33,600 - $38,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * 2015 $24,300 - $30,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $37,400 - $59,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * 2016 $28,100 - $35,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $44,000 - $72,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $50,200 - $86,200
Drive System
* * * * * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
* * * * * * * * Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2017 NT NT NT 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 NT NT NT Verdict 2018 - - -

B
Buick Cascada Buick Enclave
The Cascada is a four-seat soft-top convertible. It’s a well thought The Buick Enclave is a large, car-based SUV with three rows of seats.
out convertible with a fully-insulated top and responsive handling. It shares a platform with the Chevrolet Traverse, GMC Acadia, and
The ride is steady but a bit stiff due to the standard 20 inch tires. Saturn Outlook. All use the same GM 3.6-liter V6 engine mated to a
The leather seats are supportive but it’s a long reach to access the six-speed automatic transmission that is a bit hesitant to downshift.
touchscreen infotainment system, and the center dash is a mess of We found the ride comfortable and quiet, and the powertrain
buttons. The power-operated fabric roof takes 17 seconds to open, smooth. Handling is secure and pretty agile for such a big vehicle.
and can be opened or closed at speeds up to 31 mph. Rear-seat The third-row seat is roomy enough for adults. Fit and finish is
access is made easier by front seats that power-slide forward. A excellent. But the Enclave has a thirst for fuel; we measured 15 mpg
partition in the trunk can be flipped to increase cargo room when overall. A revised version with an improved infotainment system,
the top is raised. Safety equipment includes forward collision a better sorted out transmission, and improved head restraints
warning and lane departure warning if you opt for the Premium trim. debuted for 2013.
Redesign/Freshening: 2016. Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2018.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side protection air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
Curtain airbags not offered. standard.

2009 - 2009 $7,100 - $8,900
Trouble Buick Cascada Trouble Buick Enclave
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $8,000 - $9,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,100 - $11,200
Engine, Major 5
0 * * 2012 - Engine, Major 1
0305
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 $10,500 - $14,500
Engine Minor 0 *
3 * 2013 - Engine Minor 4
0504
0302
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,900 - $18,200
2014 - 2014 $14,900 - $20,100
Engine Cooling 0 *
3 * Engine Cooling 5
0204
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 - 2015 $17,600 - $23,500
Trans. Major 0 *
5 * Trans. Major 1
0403
0404
0505
0405
050
2016 $18,400 - $19,000 2016 $20,100 - $27,200
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * 2017 $20,600 - $22,900
Trans. Minor 4
0204
0305
0505
0505
030 2017 $22,800 - $31,300
Drive System 0 *
5 * 2018 $22,400 - $25,200
Drive System 5
0202
0205
0405
0405
050 2018 $29,400 - $41,800
Fuel System 0 *
5 * Fuel System 2
0101
0304
0505
0505
050
Electrical 0 *
Electrical 1
0105
0405
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 0 *
5 * Model Offset Full Side
Climate Syst. 1
0101
0101
0101
0304
Suspension 0 *
5 * Suspension 3
0101
0101
0403
0505
050
2009 - - - 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 0 *
5 * 2010
Brakes 4
0403
0304
0304
0405
050 2010
- - - Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 0 *
5 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 1
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 0 *
5 * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0504
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 0 *
3 * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 5
0304
0305
0305
0405
040 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 0 *
5 * 2014 - - - Body Hardware 1
0203
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 0 *
5 * - - Power Equip. 1
0304
0201
0403
0504
040
2016 NT 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 * In-Car Electr. 1
0105
0204
0203
0404
050
2017 NT 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0 2018 NT 4/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0101
0103
0303
0304
010 2018 NT 5/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
B WORSE BETTER
Buick Encore Buick Envision
The subcompact Encore SUV is a size smaller than SUVs like the Buick’s entry into the luxury compact SUV segment sits between the
Toyota RAV4 or Honda CR-V, the Encore boasts a quiet cabin, great tiny Encore and giant Enclave. The China-built Envision uses either
maneuverability, and a better ride than many larger and higher- a smooth and quiet 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder or a 2.5-liter
scoring SUVs. The little 1.4-liter turbo four-cylinder and six-speed four-cylinder, both mated to a six-speed automatic transmission.
automatic deliver anemic acceleration, however, and fuel economy Handling is rather clumsy, however, and wind noise is pronounced.
is disappointing for a vehicle of this size. Handling is sound though Oddly, the ride is a mixed bag of cushiness and harshness. The
unexceptional. The cabin is reasonably well appointed but feels interior is well- finished and features a relatively roomy rear seat.
narrow and cramped and the swoopy styling hampers visibility, Buick’s suite of active safety equipment includes forward collision
particularly to the rear. A revised interior came for 2017, as well as a warning and lane departure mitigation systems, as well as optional
larger screen for the infotainment system which also got Android automatic emergency braking.
Auto and Apple CarPlay compatibility. Available safety features
included forward collision warning, lane departure warning, blind Redesign/Freshening: 2016.
spot warning and cross traffic alert. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard.
Redesign/Freshening: 2013. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
standard.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Buick Encore Trouble Buick Envision
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0304
0405
050 2012 - Engine, Major 5
0505
0 2012 -
Engine Minor 1
0305
0505
050 2013 $10,300 - $13,600 Engine Minor 1
0505
0 2013 -
Engine Cooling 2014 $11,300 - $15,300 Engine Cooling 2014 -

5
0405
0505
050 5
0505
0
2015 $12,300 - $16,500 2015 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0
2016 $13,400 - $18,500 2016 $23,100 - $24,400
Trans. Minor 5
0404
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0
2017 $15,600 - $20,200 2017 $19,300 - $27,400
Drive System 5
0504
0405
050 Drive System 5
0505
0
2018 $17,200 - $23,000 2018 $22,100 - $30,400
Fuel System 5
0304
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
0
Electrical 5
0403
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0
Climate Syst. 1
0301
0504
Climate Syst. 5
0205
Suspension 5
0504
0505
050 Suspension 4
0505
0
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 4
0304
0305
050 Brakes 5
0505
0
2010 - - - 2010 - - -
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0
2011 - - - 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
0404
0505
050 2012 - Paint/Trim 5
0405
0 2012 -
- - - -
Noises & Leaks 3
0304
0505
0505
0 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 5
0304
0505
0505
0 2014 - - -
Power Equip. 2015 Good 5/5 5/5 Power Equip. 2015 - - -

4
0205
0504
050 2
0405
0
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0502
0304
0405
0
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0102
0304
050 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 4
0305
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

B
Buick LaCrosse Buick Regal
The redesigned 2010 LaCrosse was a much better car than its Buick brought back the Regal name in 2011, for a model based on
previous incarnations. The big sedan handles soundly and has a the Opel Insignia from Germany. It’s a well-honed sports sedan
very comfortable, quiet ride, and beautiful interior fit and finish. with a taut, steady ride and well- done interior. The up-level turbo
The seats are comfortable and supportive, and the rear seat is very four-cylinder is a better choice, and became standard for 2014. In
roomy. However, driver visibility is hurt by the thick front and rear our tests that engine delivered 24 mpg overall. All-wheel drive is
roof pillars. The LaCrosse was redesigned for 2017, and came with available. High-quality materials are used throughout the interior
a comfortable ride, and a well-trimmed and quiet cabin with a and the front seats are firm and comfortable, although the rear
spacious rear seat. Paired with an eight-speed automatic, the seats are snug. The large trunk is a bonus. A freshening for 2013
smooth 3.6-liter V6 supplied plenty of power and a decent 24 mpg brought a better infotainment system. Android Auto and Apple
overall. All-wheel drive was available. Handling was responsive CarPlay were added to the infotainment system for 2017. Available
but not sporty. Most controls were easy to use. Forward collision safety features included forward collision warning, automatic
warning, automatic emergency braking, blind spot warning, and emergency braking, and blind spot warning.
rear cross-traffic alert were available only on high-end trims.
Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2010, 2017. Safety Equipment: ABS available, standard from 2011. Side air
Safety Equipment: ABS and head protection airbags standard. bags available, standard from 2011; rear available from 2011. Head
Front side air bags, ESC standard from 2010; rear available. protection air bags and ESC standard from 2011.

2009 $5,500 - $7,200 2009 -
Trouble Buick LaCrosse Trouble Buick Regal
Spots 2010 $6,600 - $8,600 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,200 - $9,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,100 - $7,300
Engine, Major
*403
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2012 $9,000 - $10,500 Engine, Major 1
0 * *3
0305
050 * 2012 $8,300 - $9,900
Engine Minor
*203
0505
0504
05 0 *
05 2013 $9,900 - $11,800 Engine Minor 0 *
1 *3
0504
050 * 2013 $9,000 - $12,500
2014 $11,100 - $17,900 2014 $11,400 - $16,500
Engine Cooling
*201
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 $12,800 - $20,700
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 *5
0505
050 *
2015 $13,300 - $19,000
Trans. Major
*505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2016 $15,000 - $23,700
Trans. Major 0 *
1 *5
0504
050 *
2016 $13,400 - $21,100
Trans. Minor
*405
0405
0405
05 0 *
04 2017 $18,600 - $26,100
Trans. Minor 0 *
3 *5
0505
050 * 2017 $15,400 - $22,900
Drive System
*102
0504
0405
05 0 *
05 2018 $19,400 - $31,200
Drive System 0 *
5 *3
0505
050 * 2018 $18,200 - $29,200
Fuel System
*201
0401
0404
05 0 *
05 Fuel System 0 *
3 *5
0505
050 *
Electrical
*104
0505
0505
05 0 *
Electrical 0 *
2 *1
0504
Climate Syst.
*301
0204
0304
05 0 *
04 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 0 *
3 *4
0505
050 * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*205
0304
0404
03 0 *
05
2009 Good 5/5 3/4
Suspension 0 *
5 *5
0505
050 *
2009 - - -
Brakes
*101
0304
0405
05 0 *
05 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 0 *
5 *1
0505
030 * 2010 - - -
Exhaust
*104
0504
0504
05 0 *
05 2011 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust 0 *
3 *5
0505
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*405
0304
0504
05 0 *
05 2012 Good 5/5 5/4 Paint/Trim 0 *
3 *5
0205
050 * 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
*305
0405
0405
05 0 *
04 2013 Good 5/5 5/4 Noises & Leaks 0 *
2 *5
0205
040 * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware
*505
0503
0405
04 0 *
05 2014 Good 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware 0 *
1 *5
0505
040 * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip.
*301
0503
0304
03 0 *
04
2016
Power Equip. 0 *
4 *3
0503
040 *
2016
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 14
0503
0403
03 0 *
05
2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 *1
0202
030 *
2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0204
0403
0404
030 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0 2
0404
040 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
B WORSE BETTER
Buick Verano Cadillac ATS
The Verano is based on the Chevrolet Cruze but has more luxurious Offered in rear- or all-wheel drive, the ATS is Cadillac’s answer to the
trimmings and better sound insulation. Power comes from a 2.4-liter BMW 3 Series. Nimble, capable handling outdoes its European rivals
four-cylinder, but its 24 mpg overall fuel economy is unimpressive for and makes it a treat to drive. Three engines were offered: a 2.5-liter
the class. A turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder is also available. The four-cylinder, a 3.6-liter V6, and a 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder. The
car is very quiet, but some engine noise is evident. It rides relatively turbo is quick, but doesn’t feel powerful in everyday driving and got
comfortably and handling is responsive rather than sporty. The just 23 mpg overall. The six-speed automatic was a step behind the
interior is nicely finished, but cramped in the rear. Features such as seven- and eight-speeds of most competitors, but later models got
a heated steering wheel are luxurious, but the lack of power recline an 8-speed automatic. The ride is taut, and braking is excellent.
and adjustable lumbar support on the driver’s seat are cheap in this However, the touch-based CUE infotainment system, with its flush
class. Updates for 2016 included available forward collision warning, buttons, is very convoluted and frustrating to use. The interior is well
blind spot warning, and lane departure warning. 2017 was the last finished but very snug, with a small rear seat and trunk. Several
year for the Verano. active safety features were available, including forward collision
warning, blind spot warning, and lane departure warning.
standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: Front. standard.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Buick Verano Trouble Cadillac ATS
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 2
0505
0501
0 * 2012 $8,200 - $8,200 Engine, Major 5
0305
050 * * 2012 -
Engine Minor 4
0505
05 0 *
01 2013 $9,500 - $10,200 Engine Minor 4
0201
010 * * 2013 $11,900 - $14,200
2014 $11,200 - $12,100 2014 $12,300 - $18,400
Engine Cooling 5
0505
05 0 *
01 Engine Cooling 5
0505
050 * *
2015 $9,800 - $14,000 2015 $14,500 - $24,500
Trans. Major 5
0505
05 0 *
05 Trans. Major 4
0505
050 * *
2016 $11,200 - $15,100 2016 $16,300 - $38,200
Trans. Minor 4
0405
05 0 *
05 2017 $12,800 - $16,400
Trans. Minor 4
0505
030 * * 2017 $19,500 - $47,800
Drive System 5
0505
05 0 *
05 2018 -
Drive System 5
0303
010 * * 2018 $22,600 - $54,600
Fuel System 4
0205
05 0 *
05 Fuel System 1
0503
050 * *
Electrical 4
0505
05 0 *
Electrical 4
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0405
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 1
0305
Suspension 4
0405
05 0 *
05 Suspension 4
0401
040 * *
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 4
0205
04 0 *
05 2010 -
Brakes 5
0505
040 * * 2010 -
- - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
05 0 *
05 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
030 * * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
0505
04 0 *
05 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0505
010 * * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
0504
04 0 *
0503
010 * * 2013 NT 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
04 0 *
0504
010 * * 2014 NT 5/5 5/5
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 NT 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0301
05 0 *
01 Power Equip. 5
0304
050 * *
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 2
0204
05 0 *
04 In-Car Electr. 1
0101
010 * *
2017 NT 5/5 5/5 2017 NT 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0405
0501
0 2018 - - - Verdict 4
0302
010 2018 NT 5/5 5/5

C
Cadillac CT6 Cadillac CTS
Cadillac’s flagship sedan fits above the CTS and below the BMW The CTS has sports sedan handling and a firm but supple ride.
7 Series and Mercedes-Benz S-Class. But it’s priced to compete The second-generation 2008 redesign continued with the smooth,
against the luxury midsized crowd. This large sedan possesses refined 3.6-liter V6 while improving interior materials, ride, and
some athletic chops and has a steady, controlled ride and a very handling. The cabin is quiet, but some controls are confusing. The
quiet interior. Most CT6s have the mid-level nonturbo V6, while the sporty--but rare--CTS-V packed a 5.7-liter V8 and a six-speed
top trim carries a 404-hp twin-turbocharged V6. The eight-speed manual, delivering Chevrolet Corvette-like performance in a luxury
automatic is smooth and responsive. All-wheel drive comes standard sedan. The front seats are supportive and comfortable, but the
with the V6s. The interior is posh and roomy, but cabin storage is a rear seats are fairly snug. Sedan, coupe, and wagon versions were
scant. Despite improvements, the updated Cue infotainment touch produced. 2014 brought a new CTS, with a firm, absorbent ride and
screen is still unintuitive. precise handling that makes it one of the sportiest cars in the class.
Unfortunately, the CUE infotainment system is overly complex and
Redesign/Freshening: 2016. frustrating to use. The cabin is luxurious, but the rear seat is snug.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags Neither the turbo four-cylinder nor the V6 are that refined.
standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2014.
standard.

2009 - 2009 $7,200 - $20,400
Trouble Cadillac CT6 Trouble Cadillac CTS
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $7,300 - $23,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,500 - $25,500
Engine, Major
*5
0 * 2012 - Engine, Major 1
0305
0505
0505
040* * 2012 $9,600 - $28,400
Engine Minor
*5
0 * 2013 - Engine Minor 5 0302
0205
0405
050 * * 2013 $10,700 - $31,500
2014 - 2014 $14,100 - $33,500
Engine Cooling
*5
0 *
2015 -
Engine Cooling 1
0505
0505
0505
050 * * 2015 $17,200 - $37,600
Trans. Major
*5
0 *
2016 $29,400 - $41,100
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0405
030 * * 2016 $20,300 - $52,000
Trans. Minor
*1
0 * 2017 $34,100 - $50,600
Trans. Minor 3
0405
0505
0505
030 * * 2017 $24,000 - $65,500
Drive System
*3
0 * 2018 $40,400 - $60,400
Drive System 3 0101
0501
0405
030 * * 2018 $29,900 - $77,500
Fuel System
*5
0 * Fuel System 3
0304
0505
0505
050 * *
Electrical
*5
Electrical 1
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
*2
0 * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 40503
0505
0405
020 * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*3
0 *
2009 - - -
Suspension 4
0505
0302
0202
030 * * 2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
*5
0 * 2010 - - -
Brakes 4
0503
0502
0505
040 * * 2010 Good 4/5 5/5
Exhaust
*5
0 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 3
0505
0505
0405
040 * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*4
0 * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
0104
0502
0402
050 * * 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
*4
0 * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 5
0401
0404
0205
050 * * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
*5
0 * 2014 - - - Body Hardware 50403
0505
0505
040 * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip.
*5
0 *
2016
- - Power Equip. 3
0405
0405
0304
040 * * 2016
NT Good 5/4 5/5
*1
0 * 0 * *
0505
0502
0201
02
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0303
0503
0305
010 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
C WORSE BETTER
Cadillac Escalade Cadillac SRX
Introduced to compete with the Lincoln Navigator, the Escalade was The first-generation SRX was a highly capable three-row SUV that
a rebadged Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon with leather upholstery, felt taut and agile, and performed well with either the V6 or V8. Fit
wood trim, a cushier ride, and an inflated price tag. The ESV is a and finish fell short, though, and some controls were confusing. It
longer version based on the Chevrolet Suburban, while the EXT was available with rear- or all-wheel drive. Redesigned for 2010, the
pickup is essentially a plusher version of the Chevrolet Avalanche. SRX switched to a front- or all-wheel drive platform and emerged
A redesign for 2007 brought a 403-hp, 6.2-liter V8 mated to a six- as an agile contender with a well-trimmed interior. The third row
speed automatic. The interior quality was improved, but handling was dropped and a 308-hp V6 became the sole engine, but the SRX
is clumsy, fuel economy is poor at 13 mpg overall, and the third- feels lethargic in normal driving. Changes for 2013 included a revised
row seat is small. The 2015 redesign has an overly-stiff ride and interior with supportive front seats and high-quality materials. But
the controls are very distracting. Despite its massive shadow, the the back seats are snug, the wide roof pillars hurt visibility, and CUE
Escalade isn’t particularly roomy inside. infotainment system is convoluted and frustrating to use. The SRX
was replaced by the XT5 after the 2016 model year.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection airbags Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2010.
standard. Side air bags available, standard from 2010. Safety Equipment: AABS, ESC, and side and head protection air
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear. bags standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front; Rear.

2009 $10,800 - $17,300 2009 $5,500 - $7,100
Trouble Cadillac Escalade Trouble Cadillac SRX
Spots 2010 $12,800 - $18,600 Spots 2010 $8,500 - $10,400
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $16,300 - $22,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,800 - $12,400
Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05 2012 $20,100 - $28,500 Engine, Major
*205
0505
0405
050 2012 $11,100 - $14,300
Engine Minor
* * * * * *2
04 0 *
05 2013 $23,000 - $33,200 Engine Minor
*405
0304
0404
050 2013 $12,100 - $16,700
2014 $27,600 - $33,200 2014 $14,300 - $20,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05
2015 $36,500 - $48,000
Engine Cooling
*205
0504
0505
050
2015 $17,200 - $24,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * *1
03 0 *
05
2016 $43,600 - $54,500
Trans. Major
*502
0304
0405
040
2016 $19,700 - $27,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *1
01 0 *
02 2017 $49,600 - $66,300
Trans. Minor
*501
0301
0305
050 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * * *1
04 0 *
02 2018 $58,800 - $75,800
Drive System
*501
0203
0304
050 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05 Fuel System
*105
0403
0505
050
Electrical
* * * * * *4
04 0 *
Electrical
*505
0504
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *1
01 0 *
05 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*203
0302
0305
040 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * *1
05 0 *
04
2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Suspension
*403
0502
0105
050
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * *1
03 0 *
05 2010 NT 5/5 NT
Brakes
*401
0305
0505
050 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05 2011 NT 5/45/5
Exhaust
*105
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * *1
04 0 *
05 2012 NT 5/45/5 Paint/Trim
*304
0305
0303
030 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *1
01 0 *
02 2013 NT 5/45/5 Noises & Leaks
*104
0302
0504
040 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * *1
03 0 *
05 2014 NT 5/45/5 Body Hardware
*205
0202
0304
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
2015 NT 5/5 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * *1
01 0 *
05
2016
NT Power Equip.
*101
0301
0101
030
2016
NT 5/5 Good 5/4 5/5
* * * * * *1 0 * * 13
In-Car Electr. NT In-Car Electr.
0105 0301
0101
010
2017 NT 4/4 5/5 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0 2018 NT 4/4 5/5 Verdict 2
0203
0101
0303
0 2018 - - -

C
Cadillac XT5 Cadillac XTS
The XT5 replaced the SRX as Cadillac’s 5-seat luxury crossover. It’s As a replacement for the plush DTS, the XTS falls short. It handles
powered by a 3.6-liter V6 paired with an eight-speed automatic. better, but the ride is jittery and feels very ordinary for a luxury car,
Despite decent measured acceleration, it feels a bit lethargic in and the 3.6-liter V6 sounds coarse when prodded. Still, the XTS has
everyday driving. Cadillac’s convoluted Cue infotainment system a quiet, posh, and beautifully finished interior, and the seats are
is a little more manageable, but the unintuitive gear selector is very comfortable. However, the touch-activated CUE infotainment
maddening. A rear-camera system that displays in the rearview interface is unintuitive and frustrating to use, and the high rear
mirror comes on top versions. The XT5 handles soundly, though the deck impedes the view aft. Various safety systems, including lane
ride is too stiff unless you opt for the active damping suspension departure detection, will vibrate the driver’s seat as a warning.
that comes on top-trim versions. Occupants are treated to a A high-performance Vsport version with a twin-turbo V6 is also
quiet cabin, supportive seats, and impressive cabin fit and finish. available, and all-wheel drive is an option on all but the base-trim
Forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking were versions.
available.
Redesign/Freshening: 2017. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Cadillac XT5 Trouble Cadillac XTS
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 * 2012 -
Engine Minor 5
050 2013 - Engine Minor 5
0505
05 0 *
05 2013 $13,500 - $16,800
2014 - 2014 $15,700 - $20,300
Engine Cooling 5
050 Engine Cooling 5
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 - 2015 $17,500 - $26,100
Trans. Major 5
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
03 0 *
05
2016 - 2016 $19,300 - $31,700
Trans. Minor 3
040 2017 $26,600 - $40,000
Trans. Minor 5
0305
04 0 *
02 2017 $22,400 - $37,900
Drive System 4
050 2018 $28,800 - $47,200
Drive System 3
0304
04 0 *
05 2018 $27,300 - $44,200
Fuel System 5
050 Fuel System 5
0304
05 0 *
05
Electrical 5
Electrical 5
0505
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 5
Climate Syst. 1
0304
04 0 *
Suspension 4
050 Suspension 1
0101
05 0 *
03
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 4
050 2010 -
Brakes 5
0505
05 0 *
05 2010 -
- - - -
Exhaust 5
040 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0503
05 0 *
05 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
050 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0304
05 0 *
05 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 4
040 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0401
04 0 *
03 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 4
050 2014 - - - Body Hardware 3
0505
04 0 *
05 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 3
040 - - Power Equip. 1
0101
02 0 *
04
2016 - 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
050 - - In-Car Electr. 1
0104
01 0 *
04
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
010 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0101
0303
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
C WORSE BETTER
Chevrolet Avalanche Chevrolet Bolt
The Chevrolet Avalanche is a full-sized crew-cab pickup with a The Bolt is a game changer since it’s the first relatively affordable
unified bed and cab. An innovative mid-gate panel between the bed EV to have a robust driving range. This small hatchback is built
and passenger compartment can be folded down to make room for around a large 60-kWh battery pack that sits under the car’s floor
longer cargo. This feature allows the Avalanche to accommodate and contributes to the car’s planted feel despite its tall stance. With
a variety of different passenger and cargo loads. Fussing with all 200 electrified horses on tap, the Bolt accelerates with gusto. A full
those pieces, however, can be a chore. Based on the Suburban, the charge can take 9 hours on a 240-volt connector but with a 250 mile
Avalanche uses that model’s 5.3-liter V8 which provides impressive range according to our measurement, you rarely have to do it. The
acceleration but isn’t terribly economical. The ride is commendably battery gains about 25 mile of range per hour of charging through a
comfortable and quiet for a truck. 2007 brought a redesign with a 240V connector. The Bolt is very quiet but the ride can get choppy.
nicer interior. An optional backup camera helps to compensate for Controls take some getting used to including the unintuitive shifter.
the very large rear blind zone. 2013 was its last year. The driver’s seat is short on lower back support and interior quality is
on the cheap side.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. standard.
Drive Wheels: Front.

2009 $10,100 - $14,700 2009 -
Trouble Chevrolet Avalanche Trouble Chevrolet Bolt
Spots 2010 $11,100 - $16,700 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,300 - $18,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* *5
0 *5
0 2012 $14,900 - $21,000 Engine, Major 5
050 2012 -
Engine Minor
* *4
0 *5
0 2013 $18,800 - $24,600 Engine Minor 5
050 2013 -
2014 - 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* *4
0 *5
0
2015 -
Engine Cooling 5
050
2015 -
Trans. Major
* *5
0 *5
0
2016 -
Trans. Major 5
050
2016 -
Trans. Minor
* *1
0 *5
0 2017 -
Trans. Minor 5
050 2017 $26,600 - $28,200
Drive System
* *1
0 *2
0 2018 -
Drive System 3
050 2018 $29,600 - $31,200
Fuel System
* *1
0 *4
0 Fuel System 5
050
Electrical
* *4
0 *5
Electrical 5
Climate Syst.
* *5
0 *2
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *1
0 *1
0
2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Suspension 5
050
2009 - - -
Brakes
* *1
0 *3
0 2010 NT 5/5 NT
Brakes 5
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* *5
0 *5
0 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* *1
0 *1
0 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* *1
0 *1
0 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
030 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* *4
0 *2
050 2014 - - -
2015 - 2015 -
Power Equip.
* *2
0 *4
0
2016 -
- - Power Equip. 4
050
2016 -
- -
* *2
0 *5
In-Car Electr. - - In-Car Electr. - -
0 1
050
2017 - - - 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0 3
0 2018 - - - Verdict 3
050 2018 Good 5/4 5/4

C
Chevrolet Camaro Chevrolet Colorado
The Camaro takes classic muscle-car looks and sounds and injects The Colorado was first available with crude and noisy four- and
them into a modern drivetrain and body. Our tested Camaro SS five-cylinder engines, and had an optional part-time four- wheel-
was very quick, thanks to its 6.2-liter V8, but the base 3.6-liter V6 drive system that can’t be used on bare pavement. The Colorado’s
also delivers decent performance. Handling is capable, but the car’s handling is sound but unexceptional. The ride is unsettled, and the
size and weight really hurt its agility. Braking performance on the body quivers constantly. 2007 brought a larger 3.7-liter engine. A
SS is excellent, and the taut and controlled ride isn’t that punishing. V8 engine and standard ESC were added to the 2009 models. The
However, the emphasis on interior and exterior styling undermines 2015 redesign made this truck more maneuverable, and offered the
practicality. It results in severely hampered visibility, difficult to read choice of four-cylinder, V6, and diesel engines. The ride remained
controls, a small trunk, and a tiny rear seat that is tricky to access. choppy, but handling is responsive. These were the first small trucks
The convertible has an awkward manual release for the top. to offer forward collision warning and lane departure warning, and
a backup camera was standard. Updates for 2016 included Android
Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2016. Auto and Apple CarPlay capability. An eight-speed automatic
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC and head protection air bags arrived for 2017, and the V6 got more horsepower.
standard from 2010.
Drive Wheels: Rear. Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2015.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Head protection air
bags standard from 2010.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2009 - 2009 $4,900 - $12,000
Trouble Chevrolet Camaro Trouble Chevrolet Colorado
Spots 2010 $9,600 - $13,400 Spots 2010 $5,500 - $13,300
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,200 - $14,900 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,400 - $15,100
Engine, Major 1
0205
0505
0505
050 * 2012 $11,100 - $25,900 Engine, Major 4
0* *5
0 5
0505
050 2012 $6,800 - $15,600
Engine Minor 3
0105
0505
0505
050 * 2013 $12,300 - $28,100 Engine Minor 1 0 * *3
0 5
0504
050 2013 -
2014 $13,800 - $33,900 2014 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
040 * 0 *
Engine Cooling 1
*4
0 5
0505
050
2015 $15,200 - $37,200 2015 $13,200 - $26,200
Trans. Major 4
0505
0305
0505
050 * Trans. Major 0 *
5 *5
0 5
0503
050
2016 $19,800 - $27,300 2016 $14,400 - $27,800
Trans. Minor 4
0505
0505
0505
010 * 2017 $19,800 - $53,700
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 *2
0 4
0304
030 2017 $15,200 - $34,800
Drive System 5
0505
0505
0505
030 * 2018 $21,900 - $60,400
Drive System 5 0 * *4
0 4
0403
050 2018 $16,300 - $36,400
Fuel System 4
0505
0502
0505
050 * Fuel System 0 *
1 *5
0 2
0303
050
Electrical 4
0505
0505
0503
Electrical 0 *
1 *5
0 5
0505
Climate Syst. 2
0301
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 40 * *4
0 2
0404
Suspension 5
0405
0501
0505
050 * Suspension 0 *
2 *2
0 1
0505
050
2009 - - - 2009 Accept. 5/5 4/5
Brakes 5
0505
0505
0505
050 * 2010
Brakes 0 *
1 *1
0 4
0505
050 2010
NT 4/4 5/NT Accept. 5/5 3/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
050 * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 0 *
5 *4
0 5
0505
050 2011 Accept. NT NT
Paint/Trim 1
0201
0505
0505
020 * 2012 NT 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim 0 *
3 *5
0 5
0505
Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0305
0404
010 * 2013 NT 5/5 5/5 0 *
Noises & Leaks 3
*4
0 4
0405
050 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 2
0504
0505
0505
050 * 2014 NT 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware 40 * *4
0 5
0505
050 2014 - - -
2015 NT 5/5 5/5 2015 Good
Power Equip. 5
0404
0403
0303
050 * Power Equip. 0 *
1 *2
0 3
0405
040 NT NT
2016 Good 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5505
0102
0103
020 * NT NT In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 *5
0 1
0204
050
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0404
0503
0504
010 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 2
0 3
0 2
0301
010 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
C WORSE BETTER
Chevrolet Corvette Chevrolet Cruze
The Corvette has nimble handling, excellent brakes, and a fairly In 2011 the Cruze replaced, and greatly improved on, the
tolerable ride. Responsive, well-weighted steering and tenacious tire unimpressive Cobalt as Chevrolet’s mainstream small car. It feels
grip allow it to corner with confidence and agility. On the down side, solid and substantial, handles nicely, and has a firm but steady and
interior fit and finish is unimpressive. We found the convertible top controlled ride. Two four-cylinder engines are offered: a base 1.8-liter
a nuisance to operate. The redesigned 2005 Corvette was slightly and an up-level turbocharged 1.4-liter. The latter has the edge in
smaller and lighter than the model it replaced. Base models get a power delivery and quietness. Both, however, delivered a rather
400-hp, 6.0-liter V8, but the Z06 uses a wicked 505-hp, 7.0-liter V8. unimpressive 26 mpg. Noise levels are moderate, which is fairly good
Handling is capable, though the Corvette is less agile than a Porsche for this class. The well-finished cabin feels spacious up front, even
911. Interior trim and materials were improved, but still fell somewhat for tall drivers, but it’s cramped in the rear. Redesigned for 2016
short. A redesigned Vette arrived in 2014, with sharp-edged styling, a with a 1.4-liter turbo engine that got 30 mpg overall in our tests. A
455-hp V8, and, finally, an interior worthy of the price. Changes for diesel version was added a year later that got an impressive 41 mpg
2016 include Apple CarPlay capability, a front curb-view parking overall. The Cruze was discontinued in 2019.
camera, and a power-activated hatch/trunk.
Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2014. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side air bags available, standard.
standard from 2010. Drive Wheels: Front.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $15,800 - $46,100 2009 -
Trouble Chevrolet Corvette Trouble Chevrolet Cruze
Spots 2010 $16,400 - $47,300 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $17,100 - $49,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,200 - $7,100
Engine, Major
* * * *5
0505
0505
050 2012 $18,600 - $51,400 Engine, Major 1
0204
0304
0505
050 2012 $6,400 - $8,000
Engine Minor
* * * *5
0505
0505
050 2013 $20,100 - $53,400 Engine Minor 1
0101
0105
0405
050 2013 $7,200 - $8,300
2014 $31,800 - $34,900 2014 $8,200 - $10,300
Engine Cooling
* * * *5
0505
0505
050
2015 $35,100 - $58,200
Engine Cooling 2
0102
0305
0505
050
2015 $8,700 - $11,700
Trans. Major
* * * *5
0504
0405
050
2016 $37,000 - $61,100
Trans. Major 3
0405
0505
0505
050
2016 $11,100 - $15,400
Trans. Minor
* * * *5
0503
0205
050 2017 $38,900 - $65,400
Trans. Minor 1
0304
0505
0205
050 2017 $11,500 - $15,900
Drive System
* * * *5
0505
0305
050 2018 $41,100 - $69,500
Drive System 1
0302
0405
0505
050 2018 $13,100 - $16,900
Fuel System
* * * *5
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 1
0203
0101
0305
050
Electrical
* * * *5
0505
0505
Electrical 3
0102
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * *5
0504
0405
040 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0301
0405
0404
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * *5
0304
0505
050
2009 NT NT NT
Suspension 4
0302
0505
0505
050
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * *5
0505
0502
050 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 4
0405
0404
0505
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * *4
0304
0505
050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 4
0405
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/5 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * *4
0505
0504
050 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0305
0405
0504
050 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * *5
0505
0502
0101
0201
0404
050 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * *5
0505
0405
040 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware 3
0405
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 NT 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * *4
0204
0502
050
2016
0403
0301
0404
050
2016
NT Good 5/5 5/4
* * * *4
0104
0405
050 4
0405
0502
0304
050
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 5/5 5/4
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0504
0203
0101
0103
0303
050 2018 Good 5/5 5/4

C
Chevrolet Equinox Chevrolet Impala
The redesigned 2010 Equinox, which can be had with four-cylinder Prior to the 2014 redesign the Impala was a mediocre and outdated
and V6 engines, is light years better than its predecessor. The V6 sedan. Its various V6 engines got the job done, but weren’t very
is quieter and delivers more effortless power but at the expense of smooth or refined. Ride and handling were mediocre even by
fuel economy. It has a very roomy rear seat, and the interior is well the period’s standards. The rear bench is uncomfortable and too
constructed. The ride is taut yet supple and controlled and handling low. The 2006 freshening brought updated engines. Performance
is responsive and secure. But fuel economy still falls short of the best got better and mileage stayed at an acceptable 20 mpg. But it
small SUVs. Redesigned for 2018, the Equinox came with a roomy wasn’t until 2014 that the Impala was completely redesigned and
and quiet interior, absorbent and controlled ride, and responsive became an appealing option. With a contemporary interior and
handling. Forward collision warning and low-speed automatic powertrain, a plush ride, and responsive handling, it outshone some
emergency braking is only standard equipment on the upper AWD luxury sedans costing tens of thousands more. The roomy and
models. FWD models have these features as optional equipment quiet interior, and easy to use controls were other pluses. It was
on the upper trims. discontinued in 2019.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC , and side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
standard. ESC available from 2008, standard from 2010.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Drive Wheels: Front.

2009 $5,200 - $7,500 2009 $5,000 - $6,700
Trouble Chevrolet Equinox Trouble Chevrolet Impala
Spots 2010 $6,200 - $8,600 Spots 2010 $5,300 - $6,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,100 - $10,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,900 - $7,200
Engine, Major
*101
0103
0505
0505
050 2012 $8,000 - $11,400 Engine, Major 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $6,700 - $8,000
Engine Minor
*101
0104
0405
0505
050 2013 $9,300 - $12,800 Engine Minor 1
0304
0404
0505
0505
050 2013 $7,600 - $8,700
2014 $10,600 - $15,700 2014 $8,700 - $17,100
Engine Cooling
*404
0405
0505
0505
050
2015 $10,700 - $17,900
Engine Cooling 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $10,400 - $18,900
Trans. Major
*103
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $11,900 - $18,600
Trans. Major 2
0202
0504
0505
0505
050
2016 $11,500 - $19,400
Trans. Minor
*104
0304
0405
0505
050 2017 $13,000 - $20,300
Trans. Minor 3
0305
0504
0405
0505
050 2017 $16,200 - $20,300
Drive System
*103
0404
0305
0505
050 2018 $16,100 - $24,400
Drive System 2
0201
0103
0405
0505
050 2018 $17,200 - $22,600
Fuel System
*103
0305
0405
0505
050 Fuel System 3
0305
0502
0401
0405
050
Electrical
*403
0305
0405
0505
Electrical 4
0504
0404
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
*101
0304
0504
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0103
0302
0505
0304
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*304
0504
0504
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 4/4
Suspension 2
0101
0301
0304
0505
050
2009 Accept. 5/5 5/4
Brakes
*403
0303
0405
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 1
0201
0201
0305
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust
*101
0405
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 4/5
Exhaust 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*301
0303
0404
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 4/5 Paint/Trim 4
0204
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 2/5
Noises & Leaks
*203
0304
0403
0505
0301
0404
0305
0505
050 2013 Good 5/4 2/5
Body Hardware
*304
0405
0505
0505
0505
0305
0505
0405
050 2014 Good 5/4 4/5
2015 Good 5/4 4/5 2015 Good 5/4 4/5
Power Equip.
*304
0404
0403
0404
050
2016
Power Equip. 2
0302
0504
0202
0204
050
2016
Good 5/4 4/5 Good 5/4 4/5
In-Car Electr.
* 35
0302
0303
0204
040
2017 Good 5/4 4/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0505
0505
0303
0305
050
2017 Good 5/4 4/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0102
0303
0405
0503
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 2
0202
0402
0304
0304
040 2018 Good 5/4 4/5

1 2 3 4 5
C WORSE BETTER
Chevrolet Malibu Chevrolet Silverado 1500
Avoid any Malibu built before the 2008 model. This version is more Chevrolet’s full-size Silverado has powerful, efficient engines, an
competitive thanks to its quiet interior, responsive handling, and inviting interior, responsive handling and a decent ride, but the
comfortable ride. The interior was significantly upgraded, with better powertrains aren’t as refined as some competitors’. High-end
materials and fit and finish. 2012 brought another redesign, based on interiors have attractive fit and finish, and all have simple controls.
the Buick Regal. The V6 engine option was dropped, but its normal Fuel economy from the 5.3-liter V8 and six-speed automatic is
and turbo four-cylinders are quiet and refined. The rear seat is tight. decent, and its crash test scores improved. Cabin access is easy and
Models with the leather seats are worth the upgrade. The stylish towing and payload capacities generous. Another redesign for 2014
2016 redesign got smaller, more efficient turbo engines and a brought a more spacious cabin that is as quiet as a luxury car’s. Fuel
hybrid that got an impressive 41 mpg in our testing. Too bad the economy is an impressive 16 mpg, but the new truck feels sluggish.
austere interior is unremarkable. Advanced safety gear, including
blind spot warning, forward collision warning and automatic Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014, 2019.
emergency braking, was readily available even on mid-level trim Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC and head protection air bags
lines. available; standard from 2010. Side air bags standard from 2010.
standard.

2009 $4,500 - $6,100 2009 $8,000 - $15,600
Trouble Chevrolet Malibu Trouble Chevrolet Silverado 1500
Spots 2010 $5,000 - $6,700 Spots 2010 $9,000 - $17,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,200 - $6,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,100 - $18,900
Engine, Major 5
0403
0403
0505
0405
050 2012 $6,800 - $7,500 Engine, Major 5
0205
0404
0505
0505
050 2012 $11,200 - $20,500
Engine Minor 3
0304
0503
0505
0305
050 2013 $8,300 - $10,700 Engine Minor 2
0304
0303
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,200 - $22,400
5
0504
0503
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050
2015 $11,700 - $15,300 2015 $17,500 - $33,000
Trans. Major 1
0103
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 3
0405
0505
0504
0505
050
2016 $12,900 - $19,000 2016 $18,500 - $35,900
Trans. Minor 5
0101
0503
0505
0504
050 Trans. Minor 2
0405
0504
0503
0303
050
2017 $13,800 - $21,200 2017 $20,600 - $38,800
Drive System 2
0103
0303
0405
0304
040 Drive System 3
0104
0304
0303
0404
050
2018 $15,700 - $23,400 2018 $24,200 - $44,000
Fuel System 3
0201
0402
0405
0504
050 Fuel System 1
0403
0405
0405
0505
050
Electrical 5
0302
0503
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0504
0504
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 4
0303
0204
0505
0404
Climate Syst. 4
0405
0505
0103
0405
Suspension 1
0102
0103
0405
0504
050 Suspension 4
0403
0304
0305
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 1
0201
0103
0405
0505
050 Brakes 3
0304
0403
0405
0405
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 NT
Exhaust 3
0203
0504
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2011 Good 5/3 4/5 2011 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 4
0504
0503
0405
0405
0102
0201
0405
0405
050 2012
Good 5/3 4/5 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0204
0503
0504
0104
0404
0403
0305
0303
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
0104
0304
0405
0405
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 2015 Good 5/4 5/5 Power Equip. 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
1
0102
0105
0503
0204
050 1
0304
0304
0303
0404
050
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
014
0305
0504
0204
0304
0404
0402
0304
050
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0101
0302
0405
0102
030 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0304
0303
0203
0201
030 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

C
Chevrolet Sonic Chevrolet Spark
The standard Sonic uses an unimpressive 1.8-liter four-cylinder Chevrolet’s tiny Spark four-seat city car has some nice features, but
engine, which makes the expense of upgrading to the modestly it isn’t a good deal. Its dinky 84-hp, 1.2-liter four-cylinder and jerky
quicker and more fuel-efficient 1.4-liter turbocharged four-cylinder continuously variable automatic transmission combined to provide
worthwhile. The six-speed manual transmission is somewhat balky, slow acceleration and its 32 mpg overall is not impressive for this
but the automatic has to dig for gears constantly. Handling is fairly class. A four-speed automatic available in 2012 was no better, even
nimble, the brakes are excellent, and the ride is civilized for this class. with the standard manual transmission. The cabin is cramped and
The sedan has a huge trunk and gives a better view out, but the relentlessly noisy, the ride is stiff and jittery. While not exciting to
hatchback version has more cargo versatility. Both offer a relatively drive, the Spark is maneuverable, easy to park, and boasts a rear
quiet cabin, but the rear seats are cramped. Available options such seat fit for two adults. An all-electric version is surprisingly fun, giving
as heated seats, a sunroof, remote start, and safety features such as the Spark plenty of smooth and quiet power, but was only sold in a
forward collision and lane departure warning are rarities in this class. handful of states.
Crash-test results are impressive.
Redesign/Freshening: 2012. Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Front side and head protection air bags standard.
protection air bags standard. Drive Wheels: Front.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Chevrolet Sonic Trouble Chevrolet Spark
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 1
0305
040 * * * 2012 $4,500 - $7,000 Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2012 -
Engine Minor 4
0101
050 * * * 2013 $4,900 - $8,400 Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2013 $5,800 - $6,000
2014 $6,100 - $9,300 2014 $6,400 - $6,700
Engine Cooling 1
0105
020 * * * Engine Cooling
* * * * * *
2015 $7,400 - $10,600 2015 $7,500 - $8,200
Trans. Major 5
0405
050 * * * Trans. Major
* * * * * *
2016 $8,800 - $12,300 2016 $8,500 - $9,600
Trans. Minor 3
0105
050 * * * 2017 $11,200 - $14,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2017 $9,700 - $11,800
Drive System 5
0404
050 * * * 2018 $11,900 - $15,900
Drive System
* * * * * * 2018 $10,400 - $13,100
Fuel System 1
0102
050 * * * Fuel System
* * * * * *
Electrical 1
0105
Electrical
* * * * * * Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst. 1
0405
010 * * * Model Offset Full Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * Model Offset Full Side
Suspension 5
0205
050 * * * Suspension
* * * * * *
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 5
0504
050 * * * 2010 -
Brakes
* * * * * * 2010 -
- - - -
Exhaust 1
0105
050 * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 1
0505
030 * * * 2012 Good 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 1
0104
010 * * * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 1
0505
050 * * * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 5
0303
040 * * * Power Equip.
* * * * * *
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good
In-Car Electr. 3
0502
030 * * * In-Car Electr.
* * * * * *
NT NT
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0104
030 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
C WORSE BETTER
Chevrolet Suburban Chevrolet Tahoe
GM’s largest SUV can seat up to nine people, haul massive loads, This full-sized SUV offers impressive towing and an absorbent low-
or tow big trailers. The Suburban shares its basic platform and V8 speed ride. However, it offers little cargo space behind the raised
powertrain lineup with GM’s pickups. Power comes from a strong- third row and the ride deteriorates on the highway. Handling is
but-thirsty 5.3-liter V8. It’s relatively agile and has good steering and imprecise, the steering is vague, and the brakes are so-so. Look for a
brakes, along with an efficient six-speed automatic transmission. The model with stability control. It’s relatively agile and has good steering
interior looks good, but the third-row seats lack thigh support and and brakes, along with an efficient six-speed automatic transmission.
don’t fold into the floor, as some competitors did by then. The full- The interior looks good, but the third-row seats lack thigh support and
time four-wheel-drive system is a plus. The 2015 redesign brought a don’t fold into the floor. The full-time four-wheel-drive system is a plus.
sumptuous and quiet interior, power folding second- and third-row The 2015 redesign brought a sumptuous and quiet interior, power
seats, and available advanced safety features. Beyond that, it’s pretty folding second- and third-row seats, and available advanced safety
much your tried-and-true Suburban, with a 5.3-liter V8 and a six- features. Beyond that, it’s pretty much your tried-and-true Tahoe,
speed automatic. with a 5.3-liter V8 and a six-speed automatic.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection air bags
standard. Side air bags available, standard from 2010. standard. Side air bags available, standard from 2010.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2009 $9,900 - $15,700 2009 $9,000 - $15,300
Trouble Chevrolet Suburban Trouble Chevrolet Tahoe
Spots 2010 $11,100 - $18,500 Spots 2010 $10,500 - $17,700
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,200 - $21,400 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,000 - $19,000
Engine, Major
*405
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 $14,400 - $22,900 Engine, Major 1
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $14,100 - $21,400
Engine Minor
*204
0405
0304
0505
050 2013 $16,700 - $26,200 Engine Minor 3
0304
0505
0404
0504
050 2013 $15,900 - $25,000
2014 $20,100 - $27,600 2014 $19,400 - $29,000
Engine Cooling
*505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $25,800 - $38,300
Engine Cooling 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $27,600 - $38,100
Trans. Major
*505
0505
0403
0405
050
2016 $30,300 - $60,800
Trans. Major 3
0105
0505
0501
0505
050
2016 $31,000 - $41,800
Trans. Minor
*505
0505
0501
0405
050 2017 $34,200 - $62,900
Trans. Minor 2
0405
0504
0501
0404
050 2017 $33,000 - $46,000
Drive System
*504
0303
0302
0505
050 2018 $36,300 - $67,600
Drive System 4
0102
0504
0503
0505
050 2018 $34,900 - $52,300
Fuel System
*405
0404
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050
Electrical
*505
0405
0505
0505
Electrical 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
*202
0405
0501
0304
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0505
0304
0501
0405
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*304
0103
0401
0404
050
2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Suspension 3
0103
0403
0502
0404
050
2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*504
0405
0504
0505
050 2010 NT 5/5 NT
Brakes 4
0204
0404
0405
0505
050 2010 NT 5/5 NT
Exhaust
*503
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 NT 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
*301
0104
0503
0504
030 2012 NT 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim 1
0103
0401
0101
0405
050 2012 NT 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
*502
0205
0404
0305
040 2013 NT 5/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks 1
0303
0302
0302
0303
030 2013 NT 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware
*501
0105
0405
0404
050 2014 NT 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware 1
0103
0502
0104
0505
050 2014 NT 5/4 5/5
2015 NT 4/4 5/5 2015 NT 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
*303
0405
0401
0104
050
2016
Power Equip. 2
0202
0104
0102
0205
050
2016
NT 4/4 5/5 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 53
0304
0501
0204
020
2017 NT 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
015
0505
0403
0103
050
2017 NT 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0303
0403
0102
0305
0 2018 NT 4/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0203
0404
0201
0303
050 2018 NT 5/5 5/5

C
Chevrolet Traverse Chevrolet Trax
The Traverse, introduced for 2009, is one of GM’s impressive large, This bite-sized crossover, essentially a stripped down Buick Encore,
car-based, three-row SUVs. Each has a spacious and quiet interior, is an ambitiously-priced budget model. Available in front- or all-
with a third-row seat roomy enough to accommodate adults. wheel drive, the Trax has a 1.4-liter turbo four-cylinder and six-speed
Seating for seven or eight is available. Handling is responsive, automatic, which didn’t deliver performance or fuel economy. The
especially given the Traverse’s size, and the ride is comfortable. Rear cabin is narrow, cramped, and overall basic, with just a few niceties.
visibility isn’t great, but clever extra mirrors reduce side blind spots. The slanted rear hatch limits the ability to carrytall items in the
The smooth 3.6-liter V6 returned 16 mpg in our tests. It’s mated to cargo area. Pronounced engine noise and stiff ride don’t add to the
a six-speed automatic that sometimes hesitated to downshift; later experience. Later models offered forward collision warning, lane
versions have better transmission programming. A minor freshening departure warning, and blind spot warning. GM’s OnStar allows
for 2013 brought an improved infotainment system and a standard drivers to connect to a human attendant for help with navigation
front-center air bag, which is designed to prevent the driver and and other concierge services although it requires a paid subscription.
passengers bumping heads during a side collision.
Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2018. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and front side and head protection air
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and front side and head protection air bags standard.
bags standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $6,100 - $8,500 2009 -
Trouble Chevrolet Traverse Trouble Chevrolet Trax
Spots 2010 $6,800 - $9,700 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,800 - $11,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 1
0103
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,100 - $12,300 Engine, Major 2
0505
0 * 2012 -
Engine Minor 4
0102
0402
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,900 - $17,100 Engine Minor 5
05 0 *
05 2013 -
2014 $13,100 - $20,500 2014 -
Engine Cooling 2
0502
0305
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 $15,300 - $23,100 2015 $11,600 - $15,000
Trans. Major 1
0405
0405
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
05 0 *
05
2016 $15,400 - $25,600 2016 $12,100 - $16,500
Trans. Minor 1
0305
0201
0405
0504
040 2017 $17,500 - $29,800
Trans. Minor 5
05 0 *
05 2017 $13,600 - $18,300
Drive System 1
0103
0504
0502
0505
050 2018 $22,300 - $40,000
Drive System 4
05 0 *
05 2018 $15,100 - $20,300
Fuel System 1
0502
0405
0503
0504
050 Fuel System 5
01 0 *
05
Electrical 1
0403
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 5
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 1
0101
0101
0101
0104
Climate Syst. 4
01 0 *
Suspension 1
0102
0101
0304
0405
050 Suspension 5
05 0 *
01
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 4
0403
0303
0505
0504
050 2010
Brakes 4
05 0 *
05 2010
Good 5/5 5/5 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
05 0 *
05 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0503
0403
0504
0305
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 4
04 0 *
01 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
0403
0301
0404
0305
05 0 *
05 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 5
0203
0405
0505
0405
05 0 *
05 2014 - - -
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 5
0102
0305
0403
0404
050 Power Equip. 3
05 0 *
05
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
044
0403
0405
0405
05 0 *
05
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0202
0402
0304
010 2018 NT 5/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0201
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
C WORSE BETTER
Chevrolet Volt Chrysler 200
The Volt is quick, quiet, and responsive, and uses a backup gas The long-running Sebring was never a very good car, more of a
engine to extend beyond its electric range. The first generation low-rent commodity car than an object of desire. It lacked agility,
could run about 35 miles on electric power. Once the lithium-ion admitted too much road noise, and had a stiff, unsettled ride. For
battery is depleted, the unrefined 1.4-liter engine turns on to extend 2011 the Sebring was reworked and renamed the 200, getting a
the driving range. It takes about 4 hours to recharge on a 240- much nicer interior, a more compliant ride, and a strong, smooth
volt supply and about 10 hours on 120 volts. we got 2.93 miles per V6. Handling remained underwhelming. Model year 2015 brought a
kWh overall and 32 mpg overall on gas mode. The all-electric cost total redesign. While it represents a vast improvement over the 2011
advantage diminishes once you venture beyond the electric range, model, the 200 continued to trail the field by a considerable margin.
in part because the Volt requires premium fuel. Ride and handling This is largely owing to klutzy handling, a thrashy base engine and
are sound. Visibility is wanting, controls are a jumble, and as a four- cramped packaging. Even in its most recent years, it suffered from
seater, practicality is compromised. A 2016 redesign made the Volt unsettled ride, hampered visibility and cramped rear seat. The 200
quicker and quieter, and the ride and controls are improved. Electric- was was dropped after 2017.
only range is extended to 50 miles. 2019 is the Volt’s last year.
Redesign/Freshening: 2011, 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and front side and head protection air
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and front side and head protection air bags standard.
bags standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 - 2009 $4,400 - $5,300
Trouble Chevrolet Volt Trouble Chrysler 200
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $4,400 - $6,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,200 - $7,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,600 - $8,000
Engine, Major
*5
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 $8,500 - $8,500 Engine, Major
*5
030 *4
050 * 2012 $6,000 - $9,000
Engine Minor
*5
0505
0404
0505
0 2013 $9,300 - $9,300 Engine Minor
*5
050 *1
040 * 2013 $7,100 - $9,400
2014 $11,000 - $11,000 2014 $8,000 - $13,400
Engine Cooling
*5
0505
0505
0505
0
2015 $12,500 - $12,500
Engine Cooling
*5
050 *5
050 *
2015 $10,700 - $15,500
Trans. Major
*5
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $16,400 - $18,900
Trans. Major
*5
040 *3
050 *
2016 $12,200 - $17,700
Trans. Minor
*5
0505
0504
0505
0 2017 $18,400 - $20,900
Trans. Minor
*4
050 *1
050 * 2017 $13,800 - $19,000
Drive System
*1
0303
0302
0305
0 2018 $21,400 - $24,500
Drive System
*4
040 *1
050 * 2018 -
Fuel System
*4
0505
0405
0405
0 Fuel System
*4
020 *4
050 *
Electrical
*5
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
*5
050 *3
Climate Syst.
*5
0202
0303
0405
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*1
010 *2
030 * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*5
0503
0505
0405
0
2009 - - -
Suspension
*4
040 *2
050 *
2009 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes
*4
0505
0405
0505
0 2010 - - -
Brakes
*2
010 *5
050 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust
*5
0505
0505
0505
0 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
*5
050 *5
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*4
0404
0405
0505
*1
030 *3
050 * 2012 Good 4/3 5/4
Noises & Leaks
*5
0504
0205
0505
*3
040 *2
050 * 2013 Good 4/3 5/4
Body Hardware
*4
0404
0205
0505
*3
030 *5
050 * 2014 Good 4/3 5/4
2015 Good 5/4 5/5 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
*5
0203
0104
0404
0
2016
Power Equip.
*3
040 *1
040 *
2016
Good Good 5/5 5/5
*4 *5 0 *4 0 *
0205
0202
0205
0 05 05
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0403
0103
0103
0 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 3
020 1
040 2018 - - -

C
Chrysler 300 Chrysler Pacifica
The Chrysler 300 offers a choice of two V6 engines or, in 300C The Pacifica name was resurrected for the new 2017 Town & Country
trim, a strong 340-hp V8. That generation didn’t stand out: styling minivan replacement. The minivan is offered in seven- and eight-
impeded the view out and made the cabin feel claustrophobic. passenger configurations and retains the handy fold-into-the-floor
The 300C accelerated well but drank fuel and handling was second- row seats. But these seats have limited thigh support. The
unexceptional. We found the ride in the V6 Touring trim to be supple 3.6-liter V6 engine, paired with a nine-speed automatic transmission,
and controlled but the 300C felt stiffer. A much-improved redesign provides ample power and gets a decent 21 mpg overall. Handling is
arrived for 2011, making this car a respectable, large luxury cruiser. responsive, the ride is comfortable, and the cabin is quiet. A plug-in
A smooth eight-speed automatic was added to the V6 in 2012 and hybrid version is available with an electric range of about 30 miles
extended to the V8s three years later. The touch-screen infotainment before it reverts to hybrid operation and gets 27 mpg. The latest
system is one of the best out there. Look for one with forward version of the UConnect touch-screen system is intuitive and easy to
collision warning, automatic emergency braking, lane departure master.
warning, and blind-spot warning. Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2017.
Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2011. standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC available, standard from Drive Wheels: Front.
2011. Head protection air bags available, standard in 2010. Side air
bags standard in 2011.

2009 $5,400 - $13,400 2009 -
Trouble Chrysler 300 Trouble Chrysler Pacifica
Spots 2010 $6,100 - $13,800 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,000 - $11,500 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* *5
0504
0505
05 0 *
05 2012 $10,100 - $21,100 Engine, Major 5
050 2012 -
Engine Minor
* *5
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2013 $12,000 - $23,800 Engine Minor 5
050 2013 -
2014 $13,100 - $27,300 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* *5
0405
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 $15,200 - $20,800
Engine Cooling 5
050
2015 -
Trans. Major
* *5
0405
0505
05 0 *
05
2016 $17,300 - $22,800
Trans. Major 5
050
2016 -
Trans. Minor
* *5
0402
0305
03 0 *
03 2017 $18,800 - $25,400
Trans. Minor 4
050 2017 $18,600 - $28,700
Drive System
* *5
0201
0305
04 0 *
04 2018 $19,100 - $26,200
Drive System 3
040 2018 $21,100 - $34,400
Fuel System
* *5
0302
0505
05 0 *
05 Fuel System 5
050
Electrical
* *1
0103
0505
05 0 *
Electrical 5
Climate Syst.
* *4
0201
0105
04 0 *
03 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *4
0204
0205
04 0 *
05
2009 Good 5/5 4/5
Suspension 5
050
2009 - - -
Brakes
* *4
0202
0201
05 0 *
03 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 5
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* *5
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* *5
0304
0505
05 0 *
04 2012 Good 5/4 3/5 Paint/Trim 5
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* *4
0405
0503
05 0 *
050 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* *5
0405
0504
05 0 *
050 2014 - - -
2015 Good 2015 -
Power Equip.
* *3
0201
0105
03 0 *
03
2016
040
2016
- -
Good 4/4 4/5 -
* *3 0 *
In-Car Electr. In-Car Electr. - -
0101
0102
0501 2
010
2017 Good 4/4 4/5 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0201
0105
0301
0 2018 Good 4/4 4/5 Verdict 1
010 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
C WORSE BETTER
Chrysler Town & Country Dodge Avenger
The Town & Country is an upscale, seven-seat version of the The Avenger is a sedan-only twin of the unimpressive Chrysler
Dodge Grand Caravan. In pre-2008 models you can expect a fairly Sebring. The 3.5-liter V6 was refined, but couldn’t mask the car’s
composed ride and secure handling. The handy Stow’n Go seating many flaws. The ride is stiff and unsettled, the interior uses cheap
system that debuted in 2005 allows both rear rows to fold flat into materials, and handling is ungainly. The Avenger got an update in
the floor. The standard 3.3-liter V6 provided lackluster acceleration 2011 that brought a better ride, a more-powerful V6 engine, and
and unimpressive fuel economy. A stronger 3.8-liter V6 was also improved interior materials. The cloth front seats are on the narrow
available. The 2008 redesign brought new features, improved side and not very supportive, with short bottom cushions and flat
safety gear, and a quieter, more comfortable cabin, but handling, backrests. The rear seats offer enough room for three passengers,
braking, fuel economy, and fit and finish still weren’t impressive. A but the cushion is low. Still, not much could be done about the basic
2011 update brought a new 3.6-liter V6 that considerably improved flaws of this car, and the family-sedan market is teaming with better
fuel economy, improved handling, and better interior quality. 2016 is choices. The Avenger was discontinued after the 2014 model year.
the Town & Country’s last model year, replaced by the much better
minivan renamed Pacifica. Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2011.
. Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags
Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2011. standard. ESC available, standard from 2012.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection airbags Drive Wheels: Front.
standard. Side air bags available.

2009 $4,900 - $6,700 2009 $4,400 - $5,500
Trouble Chrysler Town & Country Trouble Dodge Avenger
Spots 2010 $6,000 - $7,700 Spots 2010 $5,100 - $5,800
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,400 - $9,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,700 - $6,600
Engine, Major 5
0502
0305
0505
050 2012 $8,500 - $10,600 Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2012 $6,100 - $7,900
Engine Minor 1
0202
0504
0405
050 2013 $9,600 - $11,800 Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2013 $6,900 - $8,700
2014 $11,400 - $14,200 2014 $8,300 - $10,100
Engine Cooling 4
0404
0405
0505
050
2015 $13,900 - $18,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2015 -
Trans. Major 2
0403
0404
0505
050
2016 $17,100 - $21,700
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Minor 2
0101
0402
0304
040 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2017 -
Drive System 1
0203
0505
0504
050 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System 3
0204
0404
0504
050 Fuel System
* * * * * *
Electrical 2
0304
0405
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 2
0102
0101
0301
040 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 3
0104
0404
0504
040
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * 2009 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes 1
0101
0102
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust 2
0305
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 1
0302
0302
0404
* * * * * * 2012 Good 5/3 3/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0101
0202
0302
* * * * * * 2013 Good 5/3 3/5
Body Hardware 1
0402
0305
0505
* * * * * * 2014 Good 5/3 3/5
2015 Good 4/4 5/5 2015 -
Power Equip. 1
0201
0202
0103
020
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * * * 2016
- -
Good 4/4 5/5 -
* * * * * *
2
031
0404
0403
030
2017 - - - 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0203
0303
030 2018 - - - Verdict 2018 - - -

D
Dodge Caliber Dodge Challenger
This four-door hatchback has a raised seating position similar to a This large retro-look coupe was reborn in 2008, derived from
small SUV’s. It was ahead of its time in concept, but not in execution. the Chrysler 300/Dodge Charger siblings with styling inspired by
The engine is noisy, and interior fit and finish is sub par. We found the original 1960s muscle car. While superficially resembling its
the front seats were comfortable and supportive, and there is namesake, this is a larger and heavier car that comes up a bit short
room for two six-foot-tall adults in the rear. The ride is sound but on sporty credentials. It’s very quick in a straight line but handling
unexceptional, and handling is lackluster but ultimately secure. The lacks agility. The brawny 375-hp V8 emits an invigorating growl,
four-cylinder engines neither powerful nor fuel efficient. Both the and a larger V8 and smaller V6 are also available. It’s a fairly
2.0-liter SXT and 2.4-liter AWD R/T we tested lacked punch, and comfortable and effortless cruiser. Easy-to-use controls, decent
fuel economy wasn’t impressive. The AWD model was dropped after interior quality and the ability to seat five are pluses. Some tweaks
2008. A quick, but crude, 285-hp SRT4 was available through 2009. for 2011 made for more responsive cornering with a small sacrifice
2012 was the Caliber’s final year. in ride comfort. Updates in 2015 improved handling, making it more
balanced and capable.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC available, standard in 2012. Head Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2011.
protection air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, head protection air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: Front. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2009 $4,100 - $7,400 2009 $9,500 - $17,000
Trouble Dodge Caliber Trouble Dodge Challenger
Spots 2010 $4,100 - $5,400 Spots 2010 $10,100 - $18,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $3,900 - $5,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,100 - $19,800
Engine, Major
* * * * 2012 $4,200 - $6,000 Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05 2012 $12,200 - $20,800
Engine Minor
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05 2013 $13,500 - $22,000
2014 - 2014 $15,100 - $25,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *3
05 0 *
01
2015 $17,400 - $42,600
Trans. Major
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * *5
02 0 *
05
2016 $19,700 - $47,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *2
02 0 *
03 2017 $21,000 - $51,100
Drive System
* * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * *2
05 0 *
03 2018 $23,400 - $108,700
Fuel System
* * * * Fuel System
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05
Electrical
Electrical
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05
2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
01 2010 NT 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * 2011 Good 4/4 3/5
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
05 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2012 Good 4/4 3/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * * *2
05 0 *
03 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *5
04 0 *
05 2013 NT 5/5 4/5
Body Hardware
* * * * 2014 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * * *5
05 0 *
01 2014 NT 5/5 4/5
2015 - 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * 2016
- - Power Equip.
* * * * * *3
05 0 *
01
2016
- Good 4/5 5/5
* * * * * * * * * *1 0 *
In-Car Electr. - - In-Car Electr. 0501
2017 - - - 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 - - - Verdict 2
0401
0 2018 Good 4/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
D WORSE BETTER
Dodge Charger Dodge Dart
The Charger was available with a 3.5-liter V6 or a 5.7-liter V8, which Dodge’s first decent small car in decades debuted for 2013 but still
got only 17 mpg overall in our testing. Suspension architecture relies fell short. The 1.4-liter turbo has enough power but sounds thrashy,
on Mercedes- Benz hardware but that first version didn’t shine in and the optional automated manual transmission is unrefined and
ride or handling. The SRT-8 is a high-performance V8 version. Look stumbles at low speeds. The base 2.0-liter has a better six-speed
for a 2011 or later vintage because of significant improvements and automatic transmission, but it still feels underpowered. A 2.4-liter
better crashworthiness. That Charger was more responsive and four-cylinder became the primary engine choice starting in 2014. It
comfortable, with better visibility and a nicer interior. A slick eight- has more power, but falls short in fuel economy. Handling is taut and
speed automatic was added to the V6 in 2012 and the infotainment agile, and the ride is composed. Inside, the cabin is roomy up front
system is one of the best out there. Exterior and interior updates but the rear seat is tight, and the front seats aren’t very comfortable.
arrived for 2015, further improving the Charger. The Uconnect touchscreen infotainment system is one of the best on
the market. The Dart was discontinued after the 2016 model year.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC available, standard from Redesign/Freshening: 2013.
2012. Head protection air bags standard from 2010. Side air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and front side and head protection air
standard in 2011. bags standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: Front.

2009 $5,300 - $13,100 2009 -
Trouble Dodge Charger Trouble Dodge Dart
Spots 2010 $6,000 - $14,400 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,500 - $12,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * 2012 $9,500 - $19,700 Engine, Major 1
0 * * * 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * * *5
0 *5
030 * 2013 $11,000 - $22,000 Engine Minor 0 *
1 * * 2013 $6,200 - $8,100
2014 $12,400 - $25,200 2014 $7,600 - $10,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0 *3
050 *
2015 $15,700 - $42,300
Engine Cooling 0 *
1 * * 2015 $8,500 - $11,900
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 *
2016 $17,600 - $47,300
Trans. Major 0 *
2 * * 2016 $9,400 - $13,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
0 *5
030 * 2017 $19,400 - $52,500
Trans. Minor 0 *
1 * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * *5
0 *5
030 * 2018 $22,100 - $57,600
Drive System 0 *
5 * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * *5
0 *4
030 * Fuel System 0 *
4 * *
Electrical
* * * * *5
0 *5
Electrical 0 *
Climate Syst.
* * * * *2
0 *5
050 * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 0 *
1 * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *2
0 *5
030 *
2009 Good 5/5 4/5
Suspension 0 *
2 * * 2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * *2
0 *5
030 * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 0 *
1 * * 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 0 *
4 * * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * *5
0 *1
050 * 2012 Good 5/4 4/5 Paint/Trim 0 *
4 * * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *5
0 *5
050 * 2013 Good 5/4 4/5 Noises & Leaks 0 *
1 * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * *5
0 *4
050 * 2014 Good 5/4 4/5 Body Hardware 0 *
5 * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * *2
0 *4
010 *
2016
NT NT Power Equip. 0 *
1 * * 2016
Good 4/4 4/5 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *2
0 *2
010 *
2017 Good 4/4 4/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *
1 * * 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0 3
010 2018 Good 4/4 4/5 Verdict 1
0 2018 - - -

D
Dodge Durango Dodge Grand Caravan
The Durango’s 2011 redesign was a significant improvement over The Caravan and extended-length Grand Caravan have some good
the previous generation. Its 5.7-liter Hemi V8 provided quick points but have been mediocre competitors for years. Expect a quiet
acceleration, but at the expense of fuel economy. The seats are ride and OK handling. The Stow-’N-Go seating system that debuted
comfortable and the controls are easy to use. It has a roomy third- in Grand Caravans for 2005 allow both rear rows to fold flat into
row seat and strong V6 and V8 engines, both with impressive the floor. The standard 3.3-liter V6 provided lackluster acceleration
towing capacity. Handling is surprisingly agile. In 2014, the Uconnect and unimpressive fuel economy. A stronger 3.8-liter V6 was also
infotainment system arrived along with a new eight-speed available. A 2008 redesign brought new features and improved
automatic, which improved fuel economy and performance with safety, but handling, braking, fuel economy, and fit and finish still
both engines. Rear visibility is limited, so make sure to buy one with fell short. A major reworking for 2011 improved the ride and brought
the rear-view camera. Most trimlines were available with forward a nicer interior but still failed to measure up to the class-leading
collision warning, automatic emergency braking, and blind spot Honda Odyssey and Toyota Sienna. Blind-spot monitoring and
warning. cross-traffic detection were only available on the top trim.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and front side and head protection air Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and front side and head protection air
bags standard. bags standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: Front.

2009 $5,300 - $8,100 2009 $4,800 - $5,500
Trouble Dodge Durango Trouble Dodge Grand Caravan
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $5,300 - $6,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,300 - $15,400 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,800 - $7,400
Engine, Major
* 2
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 $11,900 - $17,400 Engine, Major 5
0502
0305
0505
0505
0* 2012 $6,800 - $8,500
Engine Minor
* 3
0104
0504
0505
050 2013 $13,200 - $19,800 Engine Minor 1 0202
0504
0405
05 0 *
05 2013 $8,100 - $9,600
2014 $16,400 - $23,600 2014 $10,000 - $12,100
Engine Cooling
* 4
0304
0304
0505
050
2015 $18,900 - $27,300
Engine Cooling 4
0404
0405
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 $12,600 - $13,900
Trans. Major
* 5
0304
0504
0505
050
2016 $21,500 - $29,700
Trans. Major 2
0403
0404
0505
05 0 *
05
2016 $14,400 - $15,900
Trans. Minor
* 4
0103
0504
0501
050 2017 $23,100 - $32,600
Trans. Minor 2
0101
0402
0304
04 0 *
04 2017 $16,200 - $18,200
Drive System
* 1
0305
0405
0505
050 2018 $25,900 - $55,200
Drive System 1 0203
0505
0504
05 0 *
05 2018 $18,100 - $20,200
Fuel System
* 5
0504
0403
0505
050 Fuel System 3
0204
0404
0504
05 0 *
05
Electrical
* 1
0301
0505
0505
Electrical 2
0304
0405
0505
05 0 *
Climate Syst.
* 1
0203
0102
0205
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 20102
0101
0301
04 0 *
04 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* 2
0403
0405
0105
040
2009 NT 5/5 NT
Suspension 3
0104
0404
0504
04 0 *
05
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* 1
0403
0404
0305
050 2010 - - -
Brakes 1
0101
0102
0505
05 0 *
05 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* 5
0405
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 2
0305
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* 1
0103
0503
0505
050 2012 Good 4/3 5/5 Paint/Trim 1
0302
0302
0404
04 0 *
05 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* 1
0301
0403
0105
0101
0202
0302
03 0 *
03 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* 1
0403
0503
0505
0305
0505
04 0 *
04 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 Good 4/5 5/5 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* 1
0201
0201
0103
050
2016
Power Equip. 1
0201
0202
0103
02 0 *
04
2016
Good 4/5 5/5 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 5
0401
0104
0304
020
2017 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 2
0310404
0403
03 0 *
04
2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0102
0201
0102
040 2018 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict 1
0101
0203
0303
0303
0 2018 Good 4/4 NT

1 2 3 4 5
D WORSE BETTER
Dodge Journey Dodge, Ram 1500
The Journey is an inexpensive SUV, and performs accordingly. It is The Ram’s cabin is roomy and the cargo bed voluminous, but
a fairly compact vehicle that offers a tiny third-row seat. A noisy until 2009 its ponderous handling, poor fuel economy, and subpar
2.4-liter engine is standard, but the punchier and more refined braking performance limited this big pickup’s appeal. Engines
3.5-liter V6 engine was a better choice. Our tested V6 returned just include a hopelessly overmatched V6, an inline-six turbodiesel, two
16 mpg overall, however. The ride is a bit unsettled and handling V8s, and a powerful V10. The popular 4.7-liter V8 is weak and thirsty.
lacks agility, but is ultimately secure. Storage bins under the front- A powerful 5.7-liter Hemi V8 arrived in 2003. A cylinder cutoff system
passenger seat cushion and in the second row floor are handy. and a longer-cab four-door debuted in 2006. Our tested 2007
Some had integrated child booster seats. The 2011 reworking model had a better ride than previous models. The 2009 redesign
brought a nicer interior and a better V6, but the lack of agility and brought better ride and handling. The 2013 Ram was freshened
still-mediocre fuel economy keep it far out of the top ranks. Most with a smooth, effortless 5.7-liter V8 paired to a slick eight-speed
advanced safety features aren’t available. automatic. It transformed the driving experience and is perhaps the
most civilized full-sized pickup currently on sale.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2013, 2019.
standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. standard. Side air bags standard from 2013.

2009 $4,600 - $6,700 2009 $7,800 - $15,300
Trouble Dodge Journey Trouble Dodge, Ram 1500
Spots 2010 $5,500 - $8,000 Spots 2010 $8,900 - $16,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,900 - $10,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,100 - $18,400
Engine, Major
* * * * *4
050 * * * 2012 $7,300 - $11,500 Engine, Major 4
0505
0405
0504
0505
050 2012 $11,600 - $20,400
Engine Minor
* * * * *2
050 * * * 2013 $8,500 - $12,600 Engine Minor 4
0503
0405
0404
0505
050 2013 $12,600 - $23,400
2014 $10,000 - $14,100 2014 $13,800 - $26,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * *4
040 * * * 2015 $11,600 - $16,800
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $14,900 - $29,000
Trans. Major
* * * * *2
040 * * * 2016 $13,100 - $18,300
Trans. Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $17,500 - $32,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
050 * * * 2017 $14,200 - $19,100
Trans. Minor 2
0305
0403
0405
0405
050 2017 $18,800 - $35,600
Drive System
* * * * *4
050 * * * 2018 $16,000 - $21,000
Drive System 2
0104
0403
0505
0405
040 2018 $20,000 - $40,600
Fuel System
* * * * *5
0403
0404
0202
0404
050
Electrical
* * * * *5
Electrical 3
0404
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * *4
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0301
0504
0404
0405
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *5
020 * * * 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 2
0304
0403
0404
0404
040
2009 Good 5/5 NT
Brakes
* * * * *1
040 * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 3
0103
0405
0505
0504
050 2010 Good 5/5 NT
Exhaust
* * * * *4
050 * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 3
0203
0203
0505
0405
050 2011 Good 3/2 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * *2
050 * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/4 Paint/Trim 1
0104
0403
0403
0305
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *4
030 * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/4 Noises & Leaks 3
0202
0403
0403
0305
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * *4
050 * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/4 Body Hardware 2
0205
0505
0505
0404
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 Good 5/4 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * *5
010 * * * 2016
NT Power Equip. 2
0302
0401
0301
0204
050
2016
Good 5/4 5/5 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *1
010 * * * 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
033
0401
0104
0204
030
2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
010 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 2
0303
0403
0302
0103
010 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

F
Fiat 500 Fiat 500L
The retro-styled 500 has agile handling, a willing engine, and a More than an overgrown 500, the 500L is let down by a jerky
crisp-shifting manual transmission, which all combine to make sequential automatic, stiff ride, flat seats, and odd driving position.
the Fiat fun to drive. The little 101-hp, 1.4-liter four-cylinder and Around town, the 500L feels sluggish and hesitant, but that improves
five-speed manual returned 33 mpg overall, but it takes frequent if you choose the new conventional automatic. We like the 500L’s
downshifts to keep up on the highway. Zippy around town and easy easy access, commodious interior, and spacious backseat. A tiny
to park, this two-door suffers from a choppy ride and a noisy cabin, five-inch screen is used to access the simple UConnect system. The
which detract from the fun. The rear seats are very tight and difficult car responds eagerly in turns and handles securely at its limits. But
to access. Front-seat headroom is copious, but the cabin is narrow the driving position is odd, with a bus-like steering-wheel rake and
and some may find the steering wheel too far away. The convertible far-off, four-pillar windshield. The 500L scored a Poor in the IIHS
version has a clever sunroof feature. The sporty Abarth version small-overlap crash test.
is quick and fun to drive, but the throaty exhaust note can grow
wearisome over time. Redesign/Freshening: 2014.
Redesign/Freshening: 2012. standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: Front.
standard.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Fiat 500 Trouble Fiat 500L
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 3
040 *5
0 * * * 2012 $4,500 - $7,000 Engine, Major
* * * * * 2012 -
Engine Minor 2
020 *5
0 * * * 2013 $5,200 - $9,000 Engine Minor
* * * * * 2013 -
2014 $6,000 - $10,200 2014 $6,600 - $9,500
Engine Cooling 3
050 *1
* * * * *
2015 $7,500 - $12,000 2015 $8,600 - $11,600
Trans. Major 1
040 *5
* * * * *
2016 $8,900 - $13,700 2016 $10,700 - $13,400
Trans. Minor 1
010 *5
0 * * * 2017 $10,500 - $15,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2017 $12,900 - $15,200
Drive System 1
010 *1
0 * * * 2018 $12,500 - $18,600
Drive System
* * * * * 2018 $14,800 - $17,000
Fuel System 2
040 *5
0 * * * Fuel System
* * * * *
Electrical 2
050 *5
Electrical
* * * * * Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst. 5
020 *5
Climate Syst.
* * * * * Model Offset Full Side
Suspension 4
030 *5
0 * * * Suspension
* * * * *
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 2
020 *5
0 * * * 2010 -
Brakes
* * * * * 2010 -
- - - -
Exhaust 5
050 *5
0 * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 1
010 *1
0 * * * 2012 Good 4/3 5/2 Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 1
010 *4
* * * * * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 1
010 *1
* * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 4/3 5/5 2015 Good
Power Equip. 1
010 *1
* * * * * NT NT
2016 Good 4/3 5/5 2016 Good
In-Car Electr. 1
040 *1
* * * * *
NT NT
2017 Good 4/3 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
010 1
0 2018 Good 4/3 5/5 Verdict 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
F WORSE BETTER
Fiat 500X Ford C-MAX
The more time you spend with the 500X, the more its appeal wanes, Based on the Focus, the five-passenger C-Max hybrid is clever,
thanks to its stiff ride, noisy cabin, restricted visibility, annoying well finished, and practical. In testing we found it rides well and
vibration when idling, and unsupportive seats. Styled like a burlier handles with agility, and we got an excellent 37 mpg overall. The
Fiat 500, the X is a sister vehicle to the Jeep Renegade, and it regenerative braking system helps fuel economy but makes the
shares some of the same virtues and weaknesses. Both models pedal feel touchy. The 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine and electric
offer two four-cylinder engines: the 160-hp, 1.4-liter turbo and a motor deliver adequate acceleration and seamless transitions, and
180-hp, 2.4-liter. Both are mated to a nine-speed automatic that the C-Max can cruise in full-electric mode below 62 mph. The Energi
is neither smooth nor responsive. Fuel economy, at 23 mpg overall, version is a plug-in hybrid that can travel on electric power alone for
is unimpressive for a vehicle this size. The interior has some flair, about 18 miles. The MyFord Touch infotainment system can be quite
and a number of upscale features, such as heated seats, blind-spot frustrating to use. Cargo space is compromised by the large battery
warning, and lane-departure warning, are available. pack in the rear of the C-Max. The C-Max is discontinued after the
2018 model year.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. standard.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Fiat 500X Trouble Ford C-MAX
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * 2012 - Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
050 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * 2013 - Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
050 2013 $7,500 - $9,300
2014 - 2014 $9,300 - $11,400
Engine Cooling
* * * 2015 -
Engine Cooling 5
0504
0505
050
2015 $11,000 - $13,200
Trans. Major
* * * 2016 $10,900 - $15,900
Trans. Major 4
0305
0505
050
2016 $12,400 - $15,100
Trans. Minor
* * * 2017 $13,700 - $18,000
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
050 2017 $14,600 - $17,200
Drive System
* * * 2018 $15,000 - $20,400
Drive System 3
0502
0405
020 2018 $17,200 - $19,100
Fuel System
* * * Fuel System 5
0403
0405
050
Electrical
* * * Crash-Test Results
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0504
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * 2009 - - -
Suspension 3
0405
0505
020
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * 2010 - - -
Brakes 5
0505
0505
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
020 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
0501
0305
040 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0301
0305
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * 2014 - - - Body Hardware 4
0404
0505
020 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * 2016
- - Power Equip. 3
0203
0304
050
2016
Good Good 4/4 5/5
* * *
0101
0204
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 Good NT NT Verdict 3
0303
0305
010 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

F
Ford Edge Ford Escape
The Edge arrived for 2007 with a 3.5-liter V6 mated to a six- Don’t consider a pre-2008 Escape, because of a tip-up in the
speed automatic, and either front or all-wheel drive. The ride government rollover test. Electronic stability control arrived on
was compliant, and the powertrain was quite strong but lacked all versions in 2009, rectifying the problem. Interior fit and finish
refinement. Handling wasn’t very agile and interior fit and finish was was unimpressive and the cabin is noisy. The hybrid got 26 mpg
unimpressive. A turbo four-cylinder in FWD models proved lively and overall. The 2013 redesign brought agile and sporty handling and a
returned 21 mpg. Our major beef was the distracting MyFord Touch composed ride, but also comes with the distracting MyFord Touch
control interface. The 2015 redesign is a much better all-around SUV. control interface. The interior is roomy enough, but the driver’s
The ride is comfortable and steady, and handling is confidence- footwell is very narrow. Look for a version with leather seats, which
inspiring. It has a roomy, quiet, and classy cabin, and feels solid. The offer more support than the mediocre cloth ones. It’s one of the
turbo four-cylinders are more pleasant than the V6. The MyFord quietest small SUVs and is fun to drive. The rear seat is a bit low.
Touch system was replaced with the excellent Sync 3 interface in Look for one with the 2.0-liter turbo, although fuel economy isn’t
2016. stellar.

standard. standard.

2009 $6,100 - $10,200 2009 $5,500 - $6,600
Trouble Ford Edge Trouble Ford Escape
Spots 2010 $6,700 - $11,100 Spots 2010 $6,200 - $7,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,700 - $13,400 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,800 - $9,200
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,100 - $14,900 Engine, Major 3
0504
0504
0405
0505
050 2012 $7,500 - $11,200
Engine Minor 5
0504
0405
0503
0305
050 2013 $10,200 - $16,700 Engine Minor 2
0304
0503
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,100 - $12,500
1
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 3
0405
0504
0405
0505
050
2015 $13,200 - $21,500 2015 $11,700 - $16,100
Trans. Major 3
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 4
0504
0503
0505
0505
050
2016 $15,300 - $24,400 2016 $13,200 - $18,000
Trans. Minor 1
0505
0304
0504
0505
050 Trans. Minor 2
0303
0503
0405
0505
050
2017 $17,300 - $25,700 2017 $14,400 - $20,400
Drive System 1
0503
0103
0404
0505
050 Drive System 3
0304
0404
0405
0505
050
2018 $19,100 - $29,100 2018 $16,100 - $22,500
Fuel System 5
0302
0104
0504
0405
050 Fuel System 2
0101
0404
0405
0504
050
Electrical 1
0505
0505
0504
0505
050 Electrical 3
0504
0504
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 4
0403
0304
0105
0505
Climate Syst. 2
0201
0104
0405
0505
Suspension 5
0302
0204
0405
0205
050 Suspension 2
0305
0503
0404
0405
050
2009 Good 5/4 5/5 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 1
0301
0101
0303
0505
050 Brakes 3
0404
0403
0404
0405
050
2010 Good 5/4 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 4
0203
0405
0505
0505
050
2011 Good 3/3 5/5 2011 Good 2/4 3/3
Paint/Trim 2
0404
0505
0505
0505
0101
0104
0504
0505
050 2012
Good 3/3 5/5 Good 2/4 3/3
Noises & Leaks 3
0503
0404
0403
0403
0101
0205
0304
0304
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0403
0304
0504
0405
0103
0304
0404
0505
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
4
0502
0302
0204
0204
050 4
0405
0402
0303
0404
050
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
031
0103
0203
0105
053
0301
0303
0204
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0503
0203
0303
0204
030 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 2
0303
0402
0204
0403
040 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
F WORSE BETTER
Ford Expedition Ford Explorer
The full-sized, seven-passenger Expedition is based on the Older Explorers were truck-like SUVs that didn’t have a particularly
Ford F-150 pickup truck. The redesigned 2003 model brought a refined ride, handling, or powertrains. For 2011 the Explorer adopted
lower floor for easier access and loading. It has a spacious and a car-based platform, resulting in a steady, absorbent ride and
comfortable, if somewhat dated looking, interior. Both rows of rear versatile, well-finished interior. Handling is secure but not agile. The
seats are comfortable and spacious for three adults, a rarity in any roomy interior included a third seat that’s even hospitable enough
SUV. The ride is steady and composed, and the Expedition feels for adults. Unfortunately the driving position is a bit compromised
relatively nimble for such a heavy vehicle. The 5,900-pound curb due to an intrusive left foot rest. The optional MyFord Touch control
weight results in leisurely acceleration, and abysmal fuel economy interface is distracting to use, but more recent versions have the
with the 5.4-liter V8, but towing capacity is impressive. 2015 saw the Sync 3 system, which is much better. The standard engine is a
introduction of a 3.5-liter twin-turbocharged V6 to replace the V8. punchy 290-hp V6; turbocharged four-and six-cylinder engines are
Even though it is smaller, this engine significantly improves the way optional. Look for Explorers with the available forward collision
the Expedition drives. warning and blind spot warning.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2015, 2018. Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2011, 2020.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Front; Rear.

2009 $6,900 - $13,200 2009 $6,500 - $9,600
Trouble Ford Expedition Trouble Ford Explorer
Spots 2010 $8,300 - $14,400 Spots 2010 $6,900 - $10,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,200 - $16,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,600 - $12,900
Engine, Major
*405
0205
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,800 - $18,300 Engine, Major
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $10,200 - $14,700
Engine Minor
*504
0504
0303
0405
050 2013 $14,200 - $21,600 Engine Minor
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,700 - $18,400
2014 $15,300 - $28,200 2014 $13,900 - $21,000
Engine Cooling
*405
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $19,700 - $34,700
Engine Cooling
*304
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $16,900 - $25,200
Trans. Major
*504
0502
0505
0505
050
2016 $20,800 - $37,700
Trans. Major
*405
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $18,200 - $31,900
Trans. Minor
*302
0201
0505
0505
050 2017 $21,900 - $39,200
Trans. Minor
*105
0204
0404
0405
050 2017 $19,300 - $35,000
Drive System
*501
0502
0505
0504
050 2018 $37,200 - $62,300
Drive System
*101
0103
0404
0405
050 2018 $22,300 - $38,900
Fuel System
*305
0404
0504
0205
050 Fuel System
*305
0203
0504
0404
050
Electrical
*404
0304
0505
0505
Electrical
*504
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
*101
0301
0103
0405
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*202
0202
0303
0404
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*301
0403
0405
0104
050
2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Suspension
*201
0102
0202
0305
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*205
0104
0205
0504
050 2010 NT 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*301
0102
0204
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
*405
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
*305
0402
0101
0304
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*101
0103
0103
0505
050 2012 NT 3/4 5/5 Paint/Trim
*202
0201
0201
0204
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
*502
0403
0303
0104
050 2013 NT 3/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks
*401
0201
0203
0305
030 2013 Good 4/5 5/5
Body Hardware
*101
0101
0201
0505
050 2014 NT 3/4 5/5 Body Hardware
*403
0502
0402
0304
050 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
2015 NT 5/5 5/5 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip.
*104
0202
0503
0503
040
2016
Power Equip.
*402
0403
0303
0304
050
2016
NT 5/5 5/5 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 54
0301
0303
0302
050
2017 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 31
0101
0103
0304
040
2017 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0302
0102
0203
0304
0 2018 NT 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0202
0202
0101
0305
0 2018 Good 4/5 5/5

F
Ford F-150 Ford Fiesta
The F-150 is Ford’s bread-and-butter full-sized pickup It was The subcompact Fiesta is about the size of a Honda Fit on the
freshened in 2009, and gained standard electronic stability control outside, but much less spacious inside. It’s offered in sedan and
and a six-speed automatic transmission. Handling was secure and four-door hatchback bodystyles, and it drives nicely, with agile
braking performance vastly improved. 2011 brought new engines handling and a supple, controlled ride. Wind, road, and engine noise
(two V6s and two V8s), some steering improvement, and minor are well suppressed. Interior fit and finish and equipment level are
interior upgrades. A redesigned F-150 arrived for 2015, with an impressive for a vehicle in this class, with soft-touch dash materials
aluminum body that saved 700 pounds for better fuel economy. and optional features like the MyFord Touch multimedia system.
Updates included the transition from the oft-criticized MyFord However, the rear seat is extremely cramped. The automatic is a six-
Touch touch-screen infotainment system to Ford’s new Sync 3 speed automated manual. In our tests the Fiesta feels slow, but fuel
system, providing a big improvement in usability and response economy is excellent. The sporty ST version is a blast to drive with its
time. The 2017 model offered a new 3.5-liter EcoBoost V6 engine turbo four-cylinder and manual transmission. The manual-only turbo
and 10-speed automatic transmission. three-cylinder SFE version is aimed at maximizing fuel economy. The
Fiesta was discontinued in 2019.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear. standard.

2009 $6,600 - $15,600 2009 -
Trouble Ford F-150 Trouble Ford Fiesta
Spots 2010 $7,400 - $21,800 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,500 - $26,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $4,600 - $5,300
Engine, Major 5
0403
0404
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,600 - $30,500 Engine, Major 3
050 *3
050 * * * 2012 $4,800 - $6,000
Engine Minor 5
0404
0304
0404
0505
050 2013 $10,800 - $34,500 Engine Minor 1
010 *3
050 * * * 2013 $5,100 - $6,900
2014 $13,900 - $38,100 2014 $5,800 - $11,800
Engine Cooling 5
0504
0404
0505
0505
030 *4
020 * * *
2015 $17,400 - $35,700 2015 $7,300 - $13,500
Trans. Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 1
010 *1
010 * * *
2016 $18,700 - $39,600 2016 $8,600 - $14,900
Trans. Minor 1
0101
0303
0404
0505
040 2017 $20,000 - $58,700
Trans. Minor 1
010 *1
010 * * * 2017 $10,400 - $16,400
Drive System 2
0101
0203
0404
0404
050 2018 $21,500 - $62,400
Drive System 1
010 *1
040 * * * 2018 $11,400 - $17,800
Fuel System 5
0303
0404
0504
0505
050 Fuel System 2
030 *4
020 * * *
Electrical 5
0503
0403
0505
0505
Electrical 3
050 *4
Climate Syst. 3
0201
0302
0305
0505
Climate Syst. 1
010 *1
Suspension 3
0404
0305
0405
0505
050 Suspension 2
030 *4
040 * * *
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 2
0302
0101
0103
0505
050 2010
Brakes 1
010 *2
040 * * * 2010
Good 5/5 5/5 - - -
Exhaust 3
0305
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/3 5/5
Exhaust 4
030 *5
040 * * * 2011 Good 5/4 4/5
Paint/Trim 2
0104
0404
0504
0505
050 2012 Good 4/3 5/5 Paint/Trim 4
010 *1
050 * * * 2012 Good 5/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks 2
0201
0303
0403
0404
010 *5
010 * * * 2013 Good 5/4 4/5
Body Hardware 4
0304
0404
0503
0405
030 *4
050 * * * 2014 Good 5/4 4/2
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 Good 5/4 4/2
Power Equip. 3
0403
0303
0303
0304
040 Power Equip. 3
040 *1
050 * * *
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
031
0303
0303
0204
020 *1
010 * * *
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0302
0202
0303
0303
010 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 1
010 1
010 2018 Good 5/4 4/4

1 2 3 4 5
F WORSE BETTER
Ford Flex Ford Focus
The Flex combines minivan-like versatility with an almost car-like The Focus has always been an agile and solid car but flawed on
ride and handling. The vast cabin seats seven adults comfortably. several counts to give any used car buyer a pause. The redesign in
It has very spacious second-row seats, and rear-seat sunroofs 2012 even brought sportier handling and a nicer interior in both four-
let in lots of light. The standard 3.5-liter V6 mated to a six-speed door sedan and hatchback body styles. It’s a solid, substantial car
automatic transmission isn’t the most refined powertrain, but it pulls that’s fun to drive thanks to its agile handling and supple, controlled
well and gets 17 mpg overall. The optional EcoBoost V6 delivers ride. The cabin is quiet, with good-quality materials, although
effortless power and the same fuel economy. The ride is comfortable the driving position is narrow compared with newer competitors.
and quiet, and the Flex has very good fit and finish. Among our However, the automatic transmission is not smooth and has been
gripes is that the driver’s foot well is a little cramped on the left, the a source of problems. The MyFord Touch infotainment system is
MyFord Touch control interface is complicated and distracting, and frustrating to use; 2016 and newer models got the superior Sync 3
the cockpit feels narrow. Look for a 2016 model that has the better system.
Sync 3 infotainment system, which has a simpler layout and larger
on-screen buttons. Redesign/Freshening: 2000, 2012.
Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags
Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2013. standard. ESC standard from 2010.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
standard.

2009 $5,600 - $7,900 2009 $4,200 - $5,000
Trouble Ford Flex Trouble Ford Focus
Spots 2010 $6,600 - $9,300 Spots 2010 $4,500 - $5,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,700 - $11,900 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,000 - $5,800
Engine, Major 5
0405
0405
0505
0505
0* 2012 $8,700 - $14,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
0504
0505
0402
050 2012 $5,500 - $8,000
Engine Minor 4 0503

0405
0505
05 0 *
05 2013 $10,600 - $14,300 Engine Minor 4
0405
0403
0304
0505
050 2013 $5,900 - $12,400
2014 $12,700 - $17,700 2014 $6,700 - $13,300
Engine Cooling 4
0504
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $14,800 - $22,100 2015 $8,300 - $15,300
Trans. Major 1
0504
0504
0505
05 0 *
05 Trans. Major 4
0505
0101
0101
0103
050
2016 $16,600 - $24,400 2016 $9,400 - $28,100
Trans. Minor 1
0504
0504
0505
05 0 *
05 2017 $17,700 - $27,200
Trans. Minor 5
0404
0101
0101
0102
050 2017 $10,400 - $29,900
Drive System 2 0403
0504
0402
04 0 *
05 2018 $18,400 - $26,100
Drive System 5
0505
0101
0103
0504
050 2018 $12,000 - $34,200
Fuel System 4
0205
0502
0505
04 0 *
05 Fuel System 5
0505
0403
0504
0404
050
Electrical 5
0401
0404
0505
05 0 *
Electrical 5
0504
0405
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 40101
0201
0504
02 0 *
Climate Syst. 2
0203
0404
0303
0405
Suspension 2
0301
0101
0303
04 0 *
04 Suspension 4
0105
0203
0405
0504
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes 1
0401
0401
0304
02 0 *
05 2010
Brakes 5
0405
0403
0304
0505
050 2010
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 4/4 5/4
Exhaust 1
0104
0505
0504
05 0 *
05 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0504
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0105
0403
0302
05 0 *
05 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0202
0405
0404
0504
050 2012 Good 5/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0101
0302
0503
01 0 *
0202
0303
0302
0404
050 2013 Good 5/4 4/5
Body Hardware 30405
0404
0302
05 0 *
05 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware 5
0503
0305
0302
0505
050 2014 Good 5/4 4/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 5
0204
0303
0105
03 0 *
05 NT NT Power Equip. 5
0504
0301
0303
0404
050
2016 Good 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 2
0550201
0205
05 0 *
03 NT NT In-Car Electr. 5
044
0103
0103
0305
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0302
0402
0303
0204
0 2018 Good NT NT Verdict 5
0405
0101
0101
0101
030 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

F
Ford Fusion Ford Mustang
The midsized Fusion has a firm and controlled ride, and alert and Ford’s iconic Mustang offers a lot of performance at bargain prices.
responsive handling. The optional leather seats offer better support A freshening in 2010 brought more refined handling, upgraded
than the standard cloth seats. Older versions had a 3.0-liter V6 interior materials, and standard electronic stability control. Don’t
that delivered some zip but only got 20 mpg. A hybrid version was consider a pre-2010 example. Another redesign for 2015 added a
added for 2010. A 2013 redesign brought turbo and non-turbo four- nicer interior, an independent rear suspension, and a turbocharged
cylinder engines and a more solid and upscale feel, with a supple four-cylinder along with V6 and V8 engines. The turbo engine
ride, a quiet cabin, and handling rivaling a European sports sedan. delivers enough punch, but sounds raspy. The slick six-speed manual
Rear-seat room is tighter that in competing Honda and Toyotas, is very satisfying to use, and the automatic works well. Handling is
and the infotainment system is complicated at first. The availability balanced, and the firm ride is well controlled. The Mustang got a
of all-wheel drive is a plus. We would opt for cars with the leather major makeover for 2018, with new exterior styling, more interior
seats since they are more supportive than the cloth ones. For 2016, electronics, additional safety equipment, and new powertrain
a much better Sync 3 replaced the convoluted MyFord Touch options—including an available 10-speed automatic transmission.
infotainment system.
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2010, 2013. Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags standard. ESC standard from 2010.
standard. ESC standard from 2010. Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $4,700 - $5,800 2009 $6,400 - $23,100
Trouble Ford Fusion Trouble Ford Mustang
Spots 2010 $5,700 - $6,700 Spots 2010 $8,100 - $24,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,100 - $8,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,200 - $26,100
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $6,700 - $8,700 Engine, Major
*504
0505
0505
0504
050 2012 $10,400 - $28,900
Engine Minor 3
0304
0505
0405
0505
050 2013 $8,700 - $12,100 Engine Minor
*504
0505
0305
0505
050 2013 $11,700 - $36,200
2014 $9,500 - $13,600 2014 $13,300 - $41,700
Engine Cooling 3
0505
0504
0505
0505
050
2015 $11,600 - $16,000
Engine Cooling
*504
0504
0305
0505
050
2015 $16,100 - $33,000
Trans. Major 4
0505
0504
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,400 - $18,600
Trans. Major
*205
0505
0405
0405
050
2016 $17,800 - $41,200
Trans. Minor 4
0404
0404
0404
0505
050 2017 $13,200 - $23,000
Trans. Minor
*205
0403
0404
0405
050 2017 $19,500 - $47,700
Drive System 5
0305
0404
0505
0505
050 2018 $15,200 - $25,500
Drive System
*202
0301
0505
0304
050 2018 $23,100 - $54,500
Fuel System 5
0303
0303
0404
0505
040 Fuel System
*204
0504
0305
0505
050
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
*504
0405
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0302
0204
0404
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*401
0302
0201
0103
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0401
0303
0101
0101
030
2009 Good 5/5 5/4
Suspension
*405
0301
0404
0304
050
2009 Accept. 5/5 5/4
Brakes 1
0302
0205
0304
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes
*205
0504
0505
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/3 5/3
Exhaust
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 3
0404
0502
0405
0505
*501
0103
0403
0202
050 2012 Good 4/5 5/3
Noises & Leaks 2
0303
0403
0404
0504
*201
0301
0204
0403
050 2013 Good 4/5 5/3
Body Hardware 1
0303
0304
0505
0505
*503
0504
0504
0104
050 2014 Good 4/5 5/3
2015 Good 5/4 3/5 2015 Good 5/5 5/4
Power Equip. 4
0403
0404
0303
0501
050
2016
Power Equip.
*501
0504
0402
0104
050
2016
Good 5/4 3/5 Good 5/5 5/4
In-Car Electr. 4
0403
0401
0302
0402
050
2017 Good 5/3 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 45
0304
0502
0303
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/4
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0303
0303
0203
0401
020 2018 Good 5/3 5/5 Verdict 4
0304
0203
0101
0105
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
F WORSE BETTER
Ford Ranger Ford Taurus
As is the case with many small pickups, the Ranger’s ride is stiff The Taurus has undergone a number of changes. While 2007 was
and choppy. We found the 4.0-liter V6 rough and not particularly the final year for the Taurus, the name resurfaced in 2008 as the
powerful or efficient. Handling is clumsy, and when unloaded, the replacement moniker for the Ford Five Hundred. It has a smoother,
rear wheels can step out on bumpy corners or washboard roads. more powerful 3.5-liter V6. Handling was responsive and secure.
An extended cab provides extra interior room for luggage; however, A 2010 redesigned Taurus arrived. It put styling ahead of interior
even children won’t be happy in the small jump seats. Extended-cab room and comfort, as well as driver visibility. Still, it is a large, quiet,
versions offered four doors starting in 1998. The narrow cabin is noisy and pleasant sedan that rides and handles competently, with good
inside and has rudimentary levels of comfort and fit and finish. 2011 isolation from road imperfections. The base V6 and six-speed
was the last year for this generation of Rangers. An all-new model automatic work well together. Interior fit and finish is good, but the
returns for 2019, with a 2.3-liter, turbo four-cylinder engine mated driver’s space is narrow. 2013 brought the convoluted MyFord Touch
to a 10-speed automatic transmission, and standard automatic system, which made the controls worse. It was replaced in 2016 with
emergency braking. the far-superior Sync 3 system.
Redesign/Freshening: 1998, 2019. Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2010, 2013.

Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC and side air bags standard Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
from 2010. standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $6,100 - $10,600 2009 $4,200 - $5,800
Trouble Ford Ranger Trouble Ford Taurus
Spots 2010 $7,000 - $12,200 Spots 2010 $5,900 - $8,400
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,200 - $13,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,000 - $9,500
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050* * 2012 $8,100 - $11,200
Engine Minor 5
0505
0 2013 - Engine Minor 4 0405
0505
0505
050 * * 2013 $9,200 - $13,700
2014 - 2014 $10,800 - $17,200
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0 Engine Cooling 5
0505
0504
0505
050 * *
2015 - 2015 $13,000 - $21,000
Trans. Major 5
0202
0 Trans. Major 2
0505
0505
0505
050 * *
2016 - 2016 $14,300 - $23,300
Trans. Minor 5
0103
0 2017 -
Trans. Minor 2
0305
0505
0504
050 * * 2017 $15,700 - $25,900
Drive System 4
0102
0 2018 -
Drive System 4 0505
0404
0504
050 * * 2018 $17,400 - $28,200
Fuel System 5
0503
0 Fuel System 5
0305
0502
0503
050 * *
Electrical 4
0505
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0204
Climate Syst. 30105
0104
0305
Suspension 5
0203
0 Suspension 5
0405
0502
0501
030 * *
2009 Accept. 5/4 4/NT 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 2
0103
0 2010
Brakes 2
0202
0104
0304
050 * * 2010
Accept. 5/4 5/NT Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
0403
0 2011 Accept. 2/2 5/NT
Exhaust 1
0405
0505
0505
050 * * 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 2
0304
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 2
0204
0204
0402
030 * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0105
0 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0504
0103
0202
030 * * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0405
0 2014 - - - Body Hardware 40504
0102
0305
050 * * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 2
0204
0403
0303
0104
040 * *
2016 - 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0505
0501
0201
0105
010 * *
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0303
0 2018 - - - Verdict 4
0405
0403
0403
050 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

G
Ford Transit Connect GMC Acadia
Early versions were intended primarily for commercial use, this Early versions were intended primarily for commercial use, this
tall van is based on the Focus and packs an impressive amount of tall van is based on the Focus and packs an impressive amount of
room. With its boxy shape and very tall roof, you’d be challenged to room. With its boxy shape and very tall roof, you’d be challenged to
find more passenger space for the money. With the 2014 redesign, find more passenger space for the money. With the 2014 redesign,
the Transit Connect got closer to a minivan alternative. It has very the Transit Connect got closer to a minivan alternative. It has very
steady ride and agile handling, but remains a rudimentary vehicle steady ride and agile handling, but remains a rudimentary vehicle
at heart. It has an underpowered four-cylinder, low-rent interior, at heart. It has an underpowered four-cylinder, low-rent interior,
cumbersome folding seats, and a skimpy feature set. Unlike a cumbersome folding seats, and a skimpy feature set. Unlike a
minivan, you don’t get power doors or a rear-seat entertainment minivan, you don’t get power doors or a rear-seat entertainment
system, and some lack Bluetooth connectivity. The base four- system, and some lack Bluetooth connectivity. The base four-
cylinder managed only 21 mpg, and we see little indication that the cylinder managed only 21 mpg, and we see little indication that the
up-level 1.6-liter turbo four would do much better. up-level 1.6-liter turbo four would do much better.

Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags
standard. ESC optional. standard. ESC optional.
Drive Wheels: Front. Drive Wheels: Front.

2009 - 2009 $6,900 - $8,600
Trouble Ford Transit Connect Trouble GMC Acadia
Spots 2010 $5,100 - $5,600 Spots 2010 $7,100 - $9,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,200 - $6,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,300 - $13,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2012 $7,200 - $8,300 Engine, Major 2
0101
0205
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,500 - $15,400
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2013 $8,800 - $9,500 Engine Minor 1
0101
0103
0505
0505
050 2013 $13,100 - $18,500
2014 $11,500 - $14,700 2014 $15,100 - $21,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * 2015 $13,400 - $17,300
Engine Cooling 1
0502
0305
0505
0505
050
2015 $16,700 - $24,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * 2016 $15,000 - $18,400
Trans. Major 1
0405
0203
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,700 - $26,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $17,100 - $20,200
Trans. Minor 1
0503
0405
0504
0504
050 2017 $19,200 - $31,400
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2018 $18,300 - $23,100
Drive System 1
0204
0402
0504
0504
050 2018 $20,900 - $34,900
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * Fuel System 1
0503
0205
0503
0405
050
Electrical
Electrical 1
0405
0104
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0101
0101
0101
0204
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * 2009 - - -
Suspension 1
0101
0101
0203
0405
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 3
0301
0203
0302
0504
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 1
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0503
0102
0404
0305
040 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 1
0201
0101
0303
0402
020 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * 2014 NT 4/4 5/5 Body Hardware 5
0505
0201
0505
0405
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 NT 4/4 5/5 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * 2016
Power Equip. 1
0103
0101
0101
0102
050
2016
NT 4/4 5/5 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * 2017 NT 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
022
0401
0203
0102
050
2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 NT 4/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0101
0101
0101
0102
040 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
G WORSE BETTER
GMC Canyon GMC Sierra 1500
The compact Canyon has an unsettled ride, and the body quivers GMC’s full-size Sierra has powerful, efficient engines, an inviting
constantly. Handling is sound but unexceptional, and the 48-foot interior, responsive handling and a decent ride, but the powertrains
turning circle makes parking maneuvers a chore. The optional aren’t as refined as some competitors’. High-end interiors have
four-wheel-drive system is part-time only. Until 2009, the Canyon attractive fit and finish, and all have simple controls. Fuel economy
offered only crude and noisy four- and five-cylinder engines. Then a from the 5.3-liter V8 and six-speed automatic is decent, and its crash
smooth and powerful V8 was added. Updates for 2009 also included test scores improved. Cabin access is easy and towing and payload
standard electronic stability control as well as the 300-hp V8. The capacities generous. Another redesign for 2014 brought a more
Canyon was dropped after 2012. A new model arrived in late 2014 spacious cabin that is as quiet as a luxury car’s. Fuel economy is an
which offered a 200-hp four-cylinder or a 305-hp V6, both backed impressive 16 mpg, but the new truck feels sluggish.
by a standard six-speed automatic. Updates for 2016 included
Android Auto and Apple CarPlay and the addition of the optional Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014, 2019.
2.8-liter four-cylinder turbodiesel engine. Top trim models offered Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC, head protection and side air
forward collision warning and lane departure warning. bags available; standard from 2010.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Head protection air
bags standard from 2010.

2009 $4,100 - $11,900 2009 $8,000 - $16,900
Trouble GMC Canyon Trouble GMC Sierra 1500
Spots 2010 $5,500 - $13,400 Spots 2010 $9,000 - $18,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,200 - $15,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,100 - $20,100
Engine, Major 4
0* *5
0 5
0505
050 2012 $7,100 - $15,800 Engine, Major 5
0205
0404
0505
0505
050 2012 $11,200 - $22,100
Engine Minor 1 0 * *3
0 5
0504
0304
0303
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,400 - $24,100
2014 - 2014 $13,600 - $29,400
0 *
Engine Cooling 1
*4
0 5
0505
0505
0405
0505
0505
050
2015 $13,100 - $27,100 2015 $15,600 - $33,300
Trans. Major 0 *
5 *5
0 5
0503
050 Trans. Major 3
0405
0505
0504
0505
050
2016 $14,400 - $28,200 2016 $17,300 - $37,100
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 *2
0 4
0304
030 2017 $15,700 - $33,100
Trans. Minor 2
0405
0504
0503
0303
050 2017 $18,600 - $40,100
Drive System 5 0 * *4
0 4
0403
050 2018 $16,900 - $34,700
Drive System 3
0104
0304
0303
0404
050 2018 $22,000 - $45,500
Fuel System 0 *
1 *5
0 2
0303
050 Fuel System 1
0403
0405
0405
0505
050
Electrical 0 *
1 *5
0 5
0505
Electrical 5
0504
0504
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 40 * *4
0 2
0404
Climate Syst. 4
0405
0505
0103
0405
Suspension 0 *
2 *2
0 1
0505
050 Suspension 4
0403
0304
0305
0505
050
2009 Accept. 5/5 4/5 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 0 *
1 *1
0 4
0505
050 2010
Brakes 3
0304
0403
0405
0405
050 2010
Accept. 5/5 3/5 Good 5/5 NT
Exhaust 0 *
5 *4
0 5
0505
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 0 *
3 *5
0 5
0505
Paint/Trim 1
0102
0201
0405
0405
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
0 *
Noises & Leaks 3
*4
0 4
0405
050 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0404
0403
0305
0303
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 40 * *4
0 5
0505
0104
0304
0405
0405
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 0 *
1 *2
0 3
0405
0304
0304
0303
0404
050
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 *5
0 1
0204
054
0404
0402
0304
050
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0 3
0 2
0301
010 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0304
0303
0203
0201
030 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

G
GMC Terrain GMC Yukon
The Terrain is GMC’s entry in the small to midsized SUV segment. It This twin of the Chevrolet Tahoe shares a platform with the other
is a sibling of the redesigned 2010 Chevrolet Equinox but with more full-sized GM trucks. It has strong engines, a comfortable ride, and
angular styling. The Terrain features a direct-injection 2.4-liter, four- a high-quality interior. The third-row seats lack thigh support and
cylinder engine that returned 21 mpg overall in our tested Equinox. don’t fold flat into the floor, eating up cargo room. The powertrain
It is also available with a 3.0-liter V6 that is more refined and we tested, a 5.3-liter V8 and six-speed automatic, was strong
returned 18 mpg overall in our testing. We found the V6 model had enough but unrefined. Controls are mostly simple, but some are tiny
better steering feel, and the ride in both was taut and steady. The and too far from the driver. The 2015 redesign brought a sumptuous
roomy rear seat is comfortable for adults. With either engine, the and quiet interior, power folding second- and third-row seats, and
transmission is reluctant to downshift at times. A backup camera is available advanced safety features. Top-trim Denali versions offer a
standard and handy to have. The 2018 redesign included available larger V8 and plusher interior furnishings.
forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking, lane
keeping assist, and blind spot warning. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2015.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection airbags
Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2018. standard. Side air bags available, standard from 2010.
Safety Equipment: ABS ESC, and side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear.
standard.

2009 - 2009 $9,500 - $14,900
Trouble GMC Terrain Trouble GMC Yukon
Spots 2010 $7,300 - $9,300 Spots 2010 $11,600 - $16,100
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,100 - $10,400 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,700 - $18,700
Engine, Major 1
0101
0305
0505
0505
0 2012 $9,100 - $11,900 Engine, Major 1
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $15,800 - $21,400
Engine Minor 1
0101
0404
0505
0505
0 2013 $10,500 - $16,400 Engine Minor 3
0304
0505
0404
0504
050 2013 $17,900 - $23,700
4
0404
0505
0505
0505
0 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $12,700 - $20,700 2015 $29,100 - $39,900
Trans. Major 1
0305
0505
0505
0505
0 Trans. Major 3
0105
0505
0501
0505
050
2016 $13,700 - $23,000 2016 $31,100 - $44,900
Trans. Minor 1
0403
0404
0505
0505
0 Trans. Minor 2
0405
0504
0501
0404
050
2017 $14,600 - $24,200 2017 $34,900 - $49,600
Drive System 1
0304
0403
0505
0505
0 Drive System 4
0102
0504
0503
0505
050
2018 $18,100 - $28,600 2018 $35,900 - $56,900
Fuel System 1
0303
0504
0505
0505
0 Fuel System 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050
Electrical 4
0303
0504
0505
0505
0 Electrical 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 1
0103
0405
0405
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0505
0304
0501
0405
Suspension 3
0405
0405
0405
0505
0 Suspension 3
0103
0403
0502
0404
050
2009 - - - 2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Brakes 4
0303
0304
0505
0505
0 Brakes 4
0204
0404
0405
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 NT 5/5 NT
Exhaust 1
0104
0505
0505
0505
0 Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2011 Good 5/4 4/5 2011 NT 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 3
0103
0304
0405
0505
0 2012 Paint/Trim 1
0103
0401
0101
0405
050 2012
Good 5/4 4/5 NT 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 2
0303
0404
0305
0505
0303
0302
0302
0303
030 2013 NT 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 3
0404
0505
0505
0505
0103
0502
0104
0505
050 2014 NT 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 2015 Good 5/4 4/5 Power Equip. 2015 NT 5/5 5/5
3
0404
0404
0304
0405
0 2
0202
0104
0102
0205
050
2016 Good 5/4 4/5 2016 NT 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 35
0302
0303
0204
015
0505
0403
0103
050
2017 Good 5/4 4/5 2017 NT 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0102
0303
0405
0503
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 1
0203
0404
0201
0303
050 2018 NT 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
G WORSE BETTER
GMC Yukon XL Honda Accord ! Good Bet
The Yukon XL is a clone of the Chevy Suburban. It can seat up to The Accord is an excellent used-car choice. The four-cylinder engine
nine people and haul massive cargo loads or tow a 10,000-pound is smooth and frugal, and the V6 engine is quick and quiet. The
trailer. The Yukon XL handles commendably and has a well- Accord is quiet overall, though some road noise creeps in. A Hybrid
controlled ride. The 2007 redesign brought more agility and better model has also been available over the various generations. The
steering and brakes, and a more responsive six-speed automatic 2008 redesign brought a larger body and roomier interior. Ride and
transmission. The interior was also significantly upgraded, but the handling are very good, and the four-cylinder engine is smooth,
third-row seats lack thigh support and don’t fold into the floor. powerful, and economical. The V6 is very quick, but gets just 21
The 2015 redesign brought a sumptuous and quiet interior, power mpg overall. Overall length shrunk a bit with the 2013 redesign, but
folding second- and third-row seats, and available advanced safety the Accord remained very accommodating and family-friendly. EX
features. Top-trim Denali versions offer a stronger V8 and plusher models and above have a convoluted touchscreen infotainment
interior finishes. system that is frustrating to use. The Hybrid returned for 2015 and
got 40 mpg overall in our tests.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection airbags Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2013, 2018.
standard. Side air bags available, standard from 2010. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear. standard. FCW optional from 2013, AEB optional from 2016.

2009 $10,500 - $14,600 2009 $6,700 - $8,200
Trouble GMC Yukon XL Trouble Honda Accord
Spots 2010 $12,400 - $16,100 Spots 2010 $7,400 - $8,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,700 - $18,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,000 - $10,400
Engine, Major
*405
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 $16,200 - $20,900 Engine, Major 3
0305
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,300 - $11,200
Engine Minor
*204
0405
0304
0505
050 2013 $17,300 - $23,000 Engine Minor 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,600 - $15,900
2014 $20,200 - $28,100 2014 $12,100 - $17,600
Engine Cooling
*505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $29,100 - $40,500
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $13,600 - $19,400
Trans. Major
*505
0505
0403
0405
050
2016 $32,100 - $46,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $15,200 - $22,700
Trans. Minor
*505
0505
0501
0405
050 2017 $35,700 - $53,300
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $16,700 - $24,900
Drive System
*504
0303
0302
0505
050 2018 $36,200 - $61,800
Drive System 4
0405
0505
0405
0505
050 2018 $20,200 - $29,600
Fuel System
*405
0404
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical
*505
0405
0505
0505
Electrical 4
0305
0503
0304
0505
Climate Syst.
*202
0405
0501
0304
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0504
0404
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*304
0103
0401
0404
050
2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Suspension 4
0403
0405
0405
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/3
Brakes
*504
0405
0504
0505
050 2010 NT 5/5 NT
Brakes 2
0203
0403
0305
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/3
Exhaust
*503
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/5 4/5
Paint/Trim
*301
0104
0503
0504
030 2012 NT 5/5 5/5 Paint/Trim 4
0404
0505
0405
0505
050 2012 Good 5/5 4/5
Noises & Leaks
*502
0205
0404
0305
040 2013 NT 5/5 5/5 Noises & Leaks 4
0504
0505
0404
0505
040 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware
*501
0105
0405
0404
050 2014 NT 5/5 5/5 Body Hardware 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 NT 4/4 5/5 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
*303
0405
0401
0104
050
2016
Power Equip. 5
0404
0403
0303
0305
050
2016
NT 4/4 5/5 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 53
0304
0501
0204
020
2017 NT 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0504
0503
0303
0203
040
2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0303
0403
0102
0305
0 2018 NT 4/4 5/5 Verdict 4
0405
0505
0404
0405
030 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

H
Honda Civic ! Good Bet Honda Crosstour
The Civic has long been known for lively handling, fuel economy, Derived from the Accord sedan, the Crosstour is a four-door
and reliability. But the 2012 redesign was a step backwards, with a hatchback with a raised ride height and either front or all-wheel
cheap interior, numb handling, and stiff ride; updates for 2013 helped drive. It combines the appearance and versatility of a wagon or
significantly. The 1.8-liter four-cylinder is smooth and returned 30 hatchback without looking like an SUV. The Crosstour has a roomy
mpg overall with the standard CVT. The Hybrid returned 40 mph interior with a wider cabin than the Accord, and benefits from the
overall. Even the sporty 201-hp Si version got a commendable 29 added versatility of the rear hatch - but visibility is compromised.
mph overall with the six-speed manual. The 2016 redesign feels more The smooth and refined 3.5 liter V6 returned 21 mpg overall in
upscale and substantial than previous efforts. All trims except the our tests. A four-cylinder engine is available on front-wheel-drive
base model have a 1.5-liter turbo four. The engines are refined and versions. The ride is supple and composed, but the handling
economical. Handling is responsive, and the ride isolates against becomes SUV-like as it approaches its limits. 2015 was the last year
most road bumps. Road noise is subdued. The interior features for the Crosstour.
nicer materials and has a spacious rear seat.
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012, 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard. standard. FCW available from 2013.
ESC available, standard from 2012. FCW and AEB available from Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
2016.

2009 $4,200 - $7,500 2009 -
Trouble Honda Civic Trouble Honda Crosstour
Spots 2010 $4,500 - $8,500 Spots 2010 $7,800 - $10,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,300 - $9,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,300 - $11,500
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $5,900 - $10,900 Engine, Major 1
0402
0505
0 * 2012 $8,900 - $13,700
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,500 - $13,600 Engine Minor 4
0503
05 0 *
04 2013 $11,000 - $16,300
2014 $10,000 - $15,600 2014 $13,700 - $18,300
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 $11,600 - $17,800 2015 $15,900 - $21,100
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
05 0 *
05
2016 $14,600 - $19,100 2016 -
Trans. Minor 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $15,600 - $34,000
Trans. Minor 4
0504
04 0 *
05 2017 -
Drive System 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $16,300 - $34,800
Drive System 1
0205
02 0 *
04 2018 -
Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
05 0 *
05
Electrical 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 1
0501
02 0 *
Climate Syst. 1
0101
0405
0305
0305
Climate Syst. 5
0402
01 0 *
Suspension 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Suspension 3
0501
04 0 *
05
2009 Good 5/5 4/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 3
0203
0504
0505
0405
050 2010
Brakes 4
0301
01 0 *
04 2010
Good 5/5 4/5 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 2/4
Exhaust 5
0505
05 0 *
05 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 1
0101
0305
0505
0405
050 2012 Good 5/4 4/5 Paint/Trim 5
0505
04 0 *
05 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
0304
0405
0505
0403
0504
05 0 *
05 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 3
0304
0505
0405
0505
0505
03 0 *
05 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 4/4 5/5 2015 Good
Power Equip. 4
0504
0404
0405
0304
050 Power Equip. 4
0404
05 0 *
05 NT NT
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 -
In-Car Electr. 4
055
0404
0405
0102
0305
03 0 *
05 - -
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0404
0505
0505
0303
050 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0503
0305
0 2018 - - -

1 2 3 4 5
H WORSE BETTER
Honda CR-V ! Good Bet Honda CR-Z
The CR-V has always been a good choice, with a spirited four- Billed as a cross between the Insight hybrid and the sporty CRX from
cylinder engine, good fuel economy, strong reliability, and a roomy the 1980s, the two-seat CR-Z hybrid uses a 1.5-liter four-cylinder
interior. Handling is sound but not agile. Road noise has been our gas engine paired with electric power for 122 hp overall. A Sport
main gripe, especially in pre-2012 models. Handling became more mode livens things up a little, but the CR-Z never feels quick. We
agile, with a firm yet supple ride. The 2012 redesign brought a little measured 35 mpg overall in our tests, which is not impressive for a
more space, marginally better power and fuel economy, a standard hybrid. Handling is responsive and relatively nimble, but the CR-Z is
backup camera, and more connectivity. It also brought a convoluted no sports car and the ride is jumpy. Having just two seats limits its
infotainment system for EX versions. The latest version arrived for appeal and visibility to the rear is severely compromised. At least
the 2017 model year, and featured more rear seat room, a well- a rear-view camera is standard on all trim lines. The 2015 model
finished interior, a turbo engine in EX and above trims, better fuel got an optional Honda Performance Development package, which
economy, and up to date safety features. includes a supercharger for the manual-transmission version as well
suspension, brake, and exhaust system modifications. 2016 was the
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2012, 2017. final year for the CR-Z.
standard. FCW and AEB available from 2015. Redesign/Freshening: 2011.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard.

2009 $7,400 - $9,000 2009 -
Trouble Honda CR-V Trouble Honda CR-Z
Spots 2010 $8,100 - $10,400 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,300 - $12,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,900 - $6,500
Engine, Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $11,700 - $15,300 Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2012 $6,800 - $7,500
Engine Minor 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,400 - $17,000 Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2013 $9,300 - $10,600
2014 $13,700 - $18,100 2014 $10,800 - $12,300
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $15,100 - $21,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2015 $12,400 - $14,100
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $17,200 - $24,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2016 $14,000 - $16,000
Trans. Minor 4
0505
0504
0505
0505
050 2017 $19,400 - $27,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2017 -
Drive System 5
0505
0404
0505
0505
050 2018 $20,500 - $29,700
Drive System
* * * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System
* * * * * *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 1
0102
0404
0405
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * 2009 - - -
Brakes 4
0404
0404
0404
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * 2010 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/3 3/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2011 Good 3/2 3/NT
Paint/Trim 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
* * * * * * 2012 Good 4/3 3/NT
Noises & Leaks 4
0404
0404
0404
0505
* * * * * * 2013 Good 4/3 3/NT
Body Hardware 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
* * * * * * 2014 Good 4/3 3/NT
2015 Good 5/4 5/5 2015 Good 4/3 3/NT
Power Equip. 5
0505
0404
0404
0403
050
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * * * 2016
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 4/3 3/NT
In-Car Electr. 5
0505
0404
0504
0402
040
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0405
0505
0505
0504
040 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 2018 - - -

H
Honda Element Honda Fit ! Good Bet
The boxy-looking Element was based on a CR-V platform, but This cleverly designed and reliable little hatchback has easy cabin
wasn’t as nice to live with overall. The Element handles well enough, access and an amazing amount of interior room. The rear seats can
but is noisy and has a choppy ride. The spacious and flexible be folded flat, or the cushion can fold up, creating a deep, flat floor
interior has a plastic-covered floor that’s easy to wash. All four that can fit bulky items or a tall plant. While not overly powerful,
seats can fold back flat, making a bed of sorts. The rear seats can the Fit feels responsive, with a smooth and willing engine and agile
fold up against the sides or be removed. There’s no pillar between handling. The ride is choppy, making the Fit an unpleasant choice
the front and the rear-hinged rear doors, so opening both creates for a long commute. The Fit came well equipped with standard
a wide opening for loading and unloading cargo. Large rear roof power accessories. 2009 brought a redesign, but only versions with
pillars interfere with the view out. Without optional side airbags, the navigation system had stability control. We recommend buying
the Element scored Poor in the IIHS side-crash test. 2007 brought a 2011 or later model, which have standard ESC. A 2015 redesign
standard curtain airbags, which improved the IIHS side-crash test to made the Fit quicker and even more fuel-efficient. Updates for 2018
Good. 2011 was its last year. brought the availability of automatic emergency braking, forward
collision warning, and lane departure warning.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2015.
standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. ESC available, standard from 2011.

2009 $7,500 - $9,800 2009 $5,400 - $6,100
Trouble Honda Element Trouble Honda Fit
Spots 2010 $8,800 - $11,100 Spots 2010 $6,100 - $6,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,400 - $12,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,700 - $7,800
Engine, Major
*405
0505
0404
0 5
0505
050 2012 $7,500 - $8,900
Engine Minor
*405
0505
0505
0 5
0505
050 2013 $8,500 - $10,300
2014 - 2014 -
Engine Cooling
*505
0
2015 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
050
2015 $11,800 - $14,200
Trans. Major
*505
0
2016 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
050
2016 $13,000 - $16,100
Trans. Minor
*505
0 2017 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
050 2017 $14,500 - $18,200
Drive System
*205
0 2018 -
Drive System 4
0505
0505
0 4
0505
050 2018 $15,400 - $19,700
Fuel System
*205
0 Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0 4
0505
050
Electrical
*505
Electrical 4
0405
0403
0 5
0505
Climate Syst.
*405
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0102
0202
0 4
0405
040 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*303
0
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 5
0503
0505
0 3
0405
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes
*205
0 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 5
0404
0504
0 4
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust
*305
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0 5
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*505
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 2
0405
0505
0 4
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 3/5
Noises & Leaks
*404
0 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0504
0405
0 3
0405
050 2013 Good 5/4 3/5
Body Hardware
*505
0405
0505
0 4
0505
050 2014 - - -
2015 - 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
*503
0
2016
- - Power Equip. 4
0504
0403
0 2
0505
050
2016
- Good 5/5 5/5
* 45
0 5
0505
0505
0 4
0504
050
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
050 2018 - - - Verdict 5
0505
0504
0 3
0405
050 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
H WORSE BETTER
Honda HR-V Honda Insight
Based on the Fit subcompact, the HR-V SUV gets a versatile, For 2010 Honda introduced a new Insight that, unlike the tiny
cargo-friendly rear seat that flips up or folds down flat and low. original, was more of an alternative to the Toyota Prius. But its gas
Considerably smaller and less expensive than the CR-V, the HR-V is mileage of 39 overall isn’t up to the standards of other small hybrids.
also louder and the ride is stiffer. Handling is responsive and secure. In addition, interior fit and finish is low rent, the car is slow and noisy,
Power comes from a 141-hp four-cylinder driving either the front or the back seat is cramped and requires ducking to get into, and the
all four wheels. But the HR-V feels underpowered, an impression ride is stiff. Handling in base versions of early model years without
created by the CVT transmission amplifying engine noise during ESC isdisconcerting. It has a tendency to wag its tail if entering
acceleration. The Honda’s trump card is its excellent 29 mpg overall, a corner too quickly. The Insight was discontinued after the 2014
very flexible interior, and generous rear seat and cargo room. model year. In the end, we would go for a used Toyota Prius instead.
Available premium features include heated leather seats, a sunroof, An all-new Insight was brought back for 2019.
and keyless entry, and a rear-view camera is standard. We prefer the
LX trim over the EX for its simpler audio controls. Redesign/Freshening: 2000, 2010, 2019.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC available, standard from
Redesign/Freshening: 2016. 2011. Side and head protection air bags standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head Drive Wheels: Front.
protection air bags standard.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Honda HR-V Trouble Honda Insight
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $5,100 - $5,400
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,500 - $6,400
Engine, Major 5
0505
0 * * * * 2012 $5,900 - $7,400
Engine Minor 4
0505
0 2013 - Engine Minor 0 *
5 * * * 2013 $6,900 - $8,800
2014 - 2014 $8,700 - $11,000
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0 Engine Cooling 0 *
5 * * *
2015 - 2015 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0 Trans. Major 0 *
5 * * *
2016 $15,500 - $19,200 2016 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0 2017 $17,400 - $22,100
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * * * 2017 -
Drive System 5
0505
0 2018 $18,100 - $23,600
Drive System 0 *
4 * * * 2018 -
Fuel System 5
0505
0 Fuel System 0 *
5 * * *
Electrical 5
0505
Electrical 0 *
Climate Syst. 3
0504
Climate Syst. 0 *
Suspension 4
0505
0 Suspension 0 *
4 * * *
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 5
0505
0 2010
Brakes 0 *
5 * * * 2010
- - - Good 5/4 5/4
Exhaust 5
0505
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust 0 *
5 * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0405
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 0 *
3 * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
0405
0 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 0 *
4 * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0505
0 2014 - - - Body Hardware 0 *
4 * * * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 - 2015 -
Power Equip. 3
0505
0 - - Power Equip. 0 *
4 * * * - -
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 -
In-Car Electr. 4
0505
0 In-Car Electr. 4* * * *
- -
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0503
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0 2018 - - -

H
Honda Odyssey Honda Pilot
The Odyssey has always been a roomy, functional minivan with a The Pilot manages to combine the best virtues of a wagon, SUV, and
smooth and refined V6 engine. Note that some vintages weren’t minivan. It’s among the better SUV choices for this class. The Pilot
as reliable as a typical Honda. The redesigned 2011 Odyssey did delivers adequate performance yet respectable fuel economy; a
very well in our road tests, with supportive seating, a comfortable comfortable ride; secure handling; and seating for eight. Pronounced
ride, and a refined 249-hp V6 and five-speed automatic powertrain road noise was our only qualm in pre-2016 models. The standard
that returned 19 mpg overall. Top-trim versions got a six-speed split third-row seat folds neatly into the floor. Access is easy, and fit
automatic. This version had responsive handling, and a steady, and finish is impeccable. The Pilot grew a bit with the 2009 redesign
supple ride. The cabin was relatively quiet, but some road noise while retaining its impressive functionality. We got 18 mpg overall in
persisted. There was room for eight occupants in the roomy, versatile the 2012 model we tested. However, the interior isn’t as well finished
interior. The third-row seat was easy to fold down into its own well, as those in some competitors. Look for a model with the available
for a flat load floor. Updates for 2014 brought newly available rear-view camera. The 2016 version brought more connectivity, a
safety equipment, such as forward collision and lane departure roomier interior, and more up to date safety equipment.
warning.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags standard. FCW and AEB available from 2016.
standard. FCW optional from 2014. Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Front.

2009 $5,300 - $8,300 2009 $7,500 - $11,100
Trouble Honda Odyssey Trouble Honda Pilot
Spots 2010 $5,800 - $9,500 Spots 2010 $8,500 - $12,700
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,700 - $13,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,100 - $14,200
Engine, Major 3
0403
0204
0505
0505
050 2012 $8,900 - $15,500 Engine, Major 3
0305
0302
0505
0505
050 2012 $11,300 - $16,800
Engine Minor 2
0304
0405
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,300 - $18,000 Engine Minor 3
0405
0504
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,500 - $18,600
4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $13,400 - $23,100 2015 $16,300 - $24,600
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,500 - $27,800 2016 $19,700 - $31,600
Trans. Minor 5
0504
0505
0205
0504
050 Trans. Minor 4
0503
0504
0505
0405
050
2017 $19,200 - $31,600 2017 $24,000 - $36,900
Drive System 5
0504
0404
0505
0505
050 Drive System 3
0105
0404
0504
0505
050
2018 $24,900 - $35,900 2018 $26,000 - $39,100
Fuel System 4
0305
0504
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 4
0305
0504
0505
0405
050
Electrical 4
0203
0304
0505
0505
050 Electrical 2
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 2
0305
0503
0405
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0405
0505
0505
0404
Suspension 4
0203
0103
0405
0405
050 Suspension 3
0102
0103
0405
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 3
0402
0101
0103
0503
050 Brakes 3
0402
0401
0202
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2011 Good 5/5 5/5 2011 Good 5/4 4/5
Paint/Trim 1
0101
0403
0405
0405
0202
0404
0505
0304
050 2012
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0302
0303
0304
0305
0204
0403
0503
0404
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0101
0304
0305
0405
0304
0505
0404
0405
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
3
0304
0403
0304
0403
030 4
0304
0404
0505
0404
050
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0503
0404
0404
0403
013
0504
0303
0103
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0303
0303
0305
0403
010 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0304
0403
0504
0303
040 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
H WORSE BETTER
Honda Ridgeline ! Good Bet Hyundai Accent
The car-based Honda Ridgeline is among the best compact pickups For most of its life the Accent has been a decent but uninspired
we’ve tested. The ride is supple and steady, like a good sedan, small car with secure, but not agile, handling was secure. It was hard
and handling is quite agile. The tailgate can open either vertically to find models with the optional ABS, and ESC wasn’t available at
or horizontally, and beneath the bed is a clever, weatherproof, all. Power came from a 1.6-liter four-cylinder that returned 28 mpg
lockable trunk. The standard 3.5-liter V6 engine is quiet, smooth, overall. The 2012 redesign made it better again, with responsive
and responsive but road noise is pronounced. The roomy crew handling, more comfortable front seats, and good fuel economy
cab is nicely detailed and easy to access. The five-foot-long cargo of 31 mpg overall with the automatic and 32 mpg overall with the
bed is made from a composite plastic material and has no wheel manual. The front cabin is roomy, but rear remains cramped, though
arch intrusion. While not designed for serious off-roading, it proved it is on par with the class. Noise levels are elevated, but not offensive.
capable in most off-road conditions. Towing capacity is 5,000 All of the controls are straightforward. Handling is fairly responsive,
pounds. A 2017 redesign, based on the Pilot, made the Ridgeline but the ride is jittery.
more conventional, and brought a level of ride and handling that’s
more refined than in conventional pickup trucks. Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012, 2018.
Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2017. ESC standard from 2012.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: Front.
standard. FCW, and AEB available from 2017.

2009 $10,200 - $12,800 2009 $3,300 - $4,000
Trouble Honda Ridgeline Trouble Hyundai Accent
Spots 2010 $11,100 - $13,800 Spots 2010 $3,300 - $4,100
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $12,600 - $15,500 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $3,900 - $4,700
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
050 5
050 2012 $15,000 - $17,800 Engine, Major
* * *3
050 * *5
0 * * 2012 $6,000 - $6,400
Engine Minor 5
0405
0505
050 5
050 2013 $16,700 - $21,000 Engine Minor
* * *3
040 * *5
0 * * 2013 $6,600 - $7,100
2014 $18,900 - $25,700 2014 $7,400 - $8,200
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
050 5
050
2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * *3
050 * *5
0 * * 2015 $8,600 - $9,000
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
050 5
050
2016 -
Trans. Major
* * *5
050 * *5
0 * * 2016 $10,200 - $10,900
Trans. Minor 5
0404
0404
050 5
050 2017 $23,100 - $34,900
Trans. Minor
* * *5
040 * *5
0 * * 2017 $11,000 - $12,600
Drive System 5
0405
0505
050 5
050 2018 $24,800 - $37,100
Drive System
* * *5
030 * *5
0 * * 2018 $12,800 - $15,200
Fuel System 4
0505
0505
050 5
050 Fuel System
* * *3
040 * *4
0 * *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
050 5
Electrical
* * *3
050 * *5
Climate Syst. 2
0405
0504
050 5
030 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * *4
030 * *5
0 * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0504
0203
050 5
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * *2
050 * *5
0 * * 2009 Accept. 5/5 4/3
Brakes 4
0303
0505
050 5
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * *3
010 * *2
0 * * 2010 Accept. 5/5 4/3
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050 5
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * *5
050 * *5
0 * * 2011 Accept. NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0303
0403
050 4
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * *1
010 * *5
0 * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/3
Noises & Leaks 4
0504
0304
050 3
* * *5
050 * *3
0 * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/3
Body Hardware 5
0305
0504
050 4
* * *3
030 * *5
0 * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/3
2015 - 2015 Good 5/4 5/3
Power Equip. 4
0505
0503
050 3
050
2016
- - Power Equip.
* * *3
010 * *5
0 * * 2016
- Good 5/4 5/3
* * *5 0 * *3
0 * *
4
0405
0505
050 3
040 05
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/3
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0505
050 3
010 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
030 5
0 2018 Good NT NT

H
Hyundai Azera ! Good Bet Hyundai Elantra
The Azera large sedan has a smooth V6 with quick acceleration but The Elantra is relatively roomy and fuel efficient but not the most
only fair fuel economy at 19 mpg overall. The roomy interior is well refined among compact sedans. The 2011 redesign transformed
finished and quiet. Controls are straightforward. Pre-2012 versions the car. It brought a very good 29 mpg overall along with nimble
suffered from a bouncy ride and reluctant handling. But as a used handling and a fairly comfortable, well-controlled ride. The car
car the quiet, well-equipped Azera is a bargain. Standard equipment was well-equipped for the price, the interior was much larger,
includes electronic stability control. 2006 to 2011 IIHS side-crash- and controls were well laid out. Hatchback models with different
test results were acceptable when tested with the standard curtain designations are available for some model years, but were noisier,
and side air bags. Side-crash results improved to good starting with had a tighter back seat, and a stiffer ride. The 2017 redesigned
the 2012 redesign. The redesigned Azera became a better car, with delivered a relatively roomy interior, intuitive control, and an
improvements such as a steadier ride and a higher-quality interior. excellent 33 mpg overall from the 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine.
There was no 2018 Azera. Handling is secure, and the ride is mostly unobjectionable.
Available safety features include forward collision warning,
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012. automatic emergency braking, and blind spot warning.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side air bags and head protection air
bags. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2011, 2017.
Drive Wheels: Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
ESC available, standard from 2011.

2009 $4,100 - $5,200 2009 $4,700 - $5,000
Trouble Hyundai Azera Trouble Hyundai Elantra
Spots 2010 $4,500 - $5,600 Spots 2010 $4,700 - $5,700
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,500 - $6,500 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,400 - $6,900
Engine, Major
* * *1
04 0 *5
05 0 * 2012 $8,400 - $8,400 Engine, Major 5
0404
0504
0505
0505
050 2012 $6,200 - $7,600
Engine Minor
* * *5
05 0 *5
03 0 * 2013 $10,300 - $10,300 Engine Minor 5
0505
0504
0505
0505
050 2013 $7,400 - $8,500
2014 $11,700 - $14,200 2014 $8,800 - $10,100
Engine Cooling
* * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 *
2015 $13,600 - $16,600
Engine Cooling 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $10,100 - $11,700
Trans. Major
* * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 *
2016 $15,500 - $18,700
Trans. Major 4
0105
0405
0505
0505
050
2016 $11,500 - $13,500
Trans. Minor
* * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * 2017 $19,000 - $22,000
Trans. Minor 3
0304
0404
0505
0505
050 2017 $13,000 - $16,700
Drive System
* * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * 2018 -
Drive System 4
0505
0505
0405
0505
050 2018 $13,300 - $18,600
Fuel System
* * *1
05 0 *5
04 0 * Fuel System 5
0304
0304
0505
0405
040
Electrical
* * *1
05 0 *5
05 0 * Crash-Test Results
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * *4
05 0 *5
05 0 * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0305
0404
0504
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * *1
01 0 *5
05 0 *
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension 3
0303
0104
0504
0405
050
2009 Good 5/5 4/4
Brakes
* * *5
04 0 *5
05 0 * 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes 3
0404
0302
0105
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 4/4
Exhaust
* * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * *4
03 0 *5
05 0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0204
0404
0505
0405
050 2012 Good 5/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks
* * *1
05 0 *1
05 0 * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 3
0303
0204
0205
0404
050 2013 Good 5/4 4/5
Body Hardware
* * *3
04 0 *5
05 0 * 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware 5
0304
0305
0504
0505
050 2014 Good 5/4 4/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 5/4 4/5
Power Equip.
* * *5
03 0 *5
01 0 *
2016
0203
0202
0405
0405
050
2016
Good Good 5/4 4/5
* * *1 0 *5
0 *
0103 1
044
0203
0503
0505
040
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/4
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0405
0 5
0 2018 - - - Verdict 4
0304
0303
0404
0405
020 2018 Good 4/4 5/4

1 2 3 4 5
H WORSE BETTER
Hyundai Equus, Genesis G90 Hyundai Genesis Coupe
Hyundai’s flagship has a comfortable ride, but motions can be a bit The Genesis Coupe is a very different car from the Genesis sedan.
busy and handling is less than agile. The 4.6-liter V8 was originally On paper it has a lot of potential, but several flaws prevent it
mated to a six-speed, making for a smooth, refined powertrain. from being a compelling choice. The optional 3.8-liter V6 engine
Inside, the interior is spacious and well finished, but some controls is powerful and sounds great; a noisy turbocharged 2.0-liter four-
are complex. Overall the Equus doesn’t quite measure up to the cylinder is standard. Sporty and agile handling, with responsive
established luxury brands. Available features include adaptive cruise steering, makes the Coupe fun to drive. However, the driving
control and a lane-departure warning system. In 2012 a four-seat experience is let down by an imprecise manual transmission and stiff
version arrived, along with a standard eight-speed automatic and clutch that requires extra attention to extract smooth shifts. Buyers
5.0-liter V8. The Equus was replaced by the Genesis G90 in 2017. The are better off with the automatic transmission. The very stiff ride is
G90 has a spacious and quiet cabin decked out in soft materials sometimes unsettled, which is another demerit. Front seat occupants
and trimmed in wood and chrome. The ride is cushy and cosseting. will find plenty of room, but as in many coupes the rear seat is very
Handling is responsive though not sporty. cramped. 2016 was its last year.
Redesign/Freshening: 2011, 2017. Redesign/Freshening: 2010.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Hyundai Equus, Genesis Trouble Hyundai Genesis Coupe
Spots G90 2010 - Spots 2010 $6,500 - $8,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,700 - $11,500 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,800 - $9,500
Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
050 2012 $11,700 - $12,800 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * 2012 $8,100 - $11,500
Engine Minor
* * * * * *4
050 2013 $15,200 - $16,500 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * 2013 $10,400 - $14,500
2014 $18,700 - $20,000 2014 $12,800 - $17,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
050
2015 $22,100 - $24,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 2015 $15,700 - $18,500
Trans. Major
* * * * * *5
050
2016 $24,700 - $27,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 2016 $19,000 - $22,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *4
050 2017 $39,200 - $43,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * * *5
050 2018 $47,900 - $51,700
Drive System
* * * * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * * *4
050 Fuel System
* * * * * * *
Electrical
* * * * * *4
Electrical
* * * * * * * Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *5
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * *5
050
2009 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * * * 2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * *5
040 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * 2010 NT 5/4 5/NT
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * *4
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *5
* * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * *4
* * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * *4
050
2016 Good
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * * *5 * * * * * * *
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
050 2018 Good NT NT Verdict 2018 - - -

H
Hyundai Genesis, Genesis G80 Hyundai Ioniq
Hyundai’s upscale sedan is impressive, especially for the price. The The Ioniq is the first direct challenger to the Toyota Prius. Evoking
refined V6 delivers quick acceleration and gets 21 mpg overall. A V8 the Prius silhouette and hatchback configuration, the Ioniq hybrid
is optional, but doesn’t significantly improve performance. The car matches it as a fuel sipper with 52 mpg overall. Power comes from a
Genesis has responsive and secure handling, but its weak link is the 1.6-liter four-cylinder engine which, combined with the electric drive,
somewhat nervous ride. The interior is very quiet and well finished puts out a combined 139 hp. The six-speed dual-clutch transmission
and the spacious cabin has an unusually hospitable rear seat for a isn’t the smoothest and there’s some delay off the line. Like other
midsized car. Controls are simple, but the optional navigation system hybrids it can drive on electric power at low speeds. Handling lacks
adds a rather fussy rotary controller. In 2012 the Genesis received a agility and the ride is a bit unsettled but unobjectionable. The
new eight-speed automatic, which helped the V6 get 22 mpg overall SEL comes with a power seat for an affordable price. A suite of
in our tests. The 2015 redesign brought available all-wheel drive advanced safety features is available, including automatic braking,
on the V6, an updated and more-luxurious interior, and advanced smart cruise control, and blind-spot detection with rear cross-traffic
safety systems. For 2017, the model was renamed G80. alert. Android Auto and Apple CarPlay compatibility is standard.
There are also plug-in and fully electric versions.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2017.
standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags

2009 $7,100 - $7,300 2009 -
Trouble Hyundai Genesis, Gene- Trouble Hyundai Ioniq
Spots sis G80 2010 $7,700 - $8,500 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,700 - $9,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0504
0505
0*5
0505
050 2012 $9,900 - $12,800 Engine, Major 5
050 2012 -
Engine Minor 5 0305

05 0 *5
05 0505
050 2013 $11,500 - $14,600 Engine Minor 5
050 2013 -
2014 $13,700 - $15,900 2014 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
05 0 *5
05 0505
050
2015 $20,200 - $22,500 2015 -
Trans. Major 5
0404
02 0 *5
04 0505
050 Trans. Major 5
050
2016 $22,800 - $26,100 2016 -
Trans. Minor 4
0405
02 0 *5
03 0505
050 2017 $28,800 - $37,100
Trans. Minor 5
050 2017 $17,100 - $20,700
Drive System 1 0104
05 0 *5
04 0405
050 2018 $35,200 - $46,400
Drive System 4
050 2018 $18,500 - $24,200
Fuel System 4
0503
04 0 *5
05 0505
050 Fuel System 5
050
Electrical 4
0504
05 0 *5
05 0505
Electrical 5
Climate Syst. 50403
02 0 *3
04 0505
Climate Syst. 5
Suspension 4
0305
05 0 *4
05 0205
050 Suspension 5
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 3
0101
04 0 *4
05 0505
050 2010
Brakes 5
050 2010
Good 5/5 5/5 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
05 0 *5
05 0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
0205
05 0 *5
02 0205
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
0205
05 0 *2
05 0204
050 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 30103
05 0 *4
01 0505
050 2014 - - -
2015 Good 5/5 4/5 2015 -
Power Equip. 3
0101
01 0 *1
01 0303
050 Power Equip. 3
050 - -
2016 Good 5/5 4/5 2016 -
In-Car Electr. 4
0401
01 0 *2
01 0305
050 - -
2017 Good 5/5 4/5 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0103
0303
0 3
0303
050 2018 Good 5/5 4/5 Verdict 3
050 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
H WORSE BETTER
Hyundai Santa Fe Hyundai Santa Fe Sport ! Good Bet
The 2007 Santa Fe was a big improvement, including astandard Hyundai’s five-passenger midsized SUV is roomy and comfortable,
2.7-liter V6 and ESC, plus a new 242-hp 3.3-liter V6. A significant with a good ride and quiet interior. Power comes from a responsive
redesign took place in 2013, resulting in two versions. The smaller 190-hp, 2.4-liter four-cylinder mated to a smooth and responsive
Santa Fe Sport is a two-row model with a 2.4-liter four-cylinder that six-speed automatic. We got a very good 23 mpg overall with this
got 23 mpg overall or a 2.0-liter turbo four, while the three-row Santa drivetrain. A 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder is also available.
Fe got a 3.3-liter V6 that got 20 mpg overall in our tests. Handling Handling is sound and secure, but not exceptional, and the vague
is sound in both versions, and the ride is settled. Inside the well- steering doesn’t help. The well-finished cabin is packed with a lot of
finished, roomy cabin are many standard features, although buyers standard features. Rear visibility leaves a lot to be desired. In later
should make sure to find a version that is equipped with the backup years, it received a number of updates, including a more powerful
camera. Available safety features include lane departure warning 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder engine, and safety features such as
and automatic emergency braking with pedestrian detection. automatic emergency braking with pedestrian detection, and lane-
departure warning.

2009 $5,400 - $7,200 2009 -
Trouble Hyundai Santa Fe Trouble Hyundai Santa Fe Sport
Spots 2010 $6,200 - $8,200 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,000 - $8,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 4
0405
0505
0405
0505
050 2012 $7,700 - $10,200 Engine, Major 2
0404
0505
050 2012 -
Engine Minor 2
0204
0305
0504
0305
050 2013 $11,800 - $14,800 Engine Minor 4
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,300 - $13,800
5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
050
2015 $17,100 - $21,900 2015 $14,500 - $18,300
Trans. Major 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
050
2016 $18,000 - $24,000 2016 $15,600 - $20,900
Trans. Minor 3
0305
0504
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
050
2017 $19,500 - $29,300 2017 $16,900 - $25,700
Drive System 2
0102
0204
0305
0505
050 Drive System 5
0405
0505
050
2018 $23,100 - $35,900 2018 $17,900 - $29,800
Fuel System 1
0204
0504
0304
0505
050 Fuel System 4
0505
0505
050
Electrical 3
0105
0405
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 5
0404
0401
0104
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0205
0505
Suspension 2
0101
0104
0405
0505
040 Suspension 4
0405
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 3
0203
0205
0505
0505
050 Brakes 4
0405
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050
2011 Good NT NT 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 1
0304
0404
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012
Good 4/4 5/1 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
0303
0504
0404
0504
0504
0405
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0404
0505
0504
0505
0503
0505
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 2015 Good NT NT Power Equip. 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
3
0102
0403
0202
0505
050 2
0404
0505
050
2016 Good NT NT 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
042
0402
0205
0405
0304
0404
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0203
0303
0204
0504
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0304
0504
050 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

H
Hyundai Sonata Hyundai Tucson
The Sonata is a roomy, well-equipped sedan. The 3.3-liter V6 was This small SUV used a standard 2.0-liter, four-cylinder. The optional
responsive and averaged 21 mpg, while the four-cylinder engine 2.7-liter V6 had slow acceleration and unimpressive fuel economy.
averaged 26 mpg. The 2011 redesign was a major leap forward. The ride was comfortable, but suspension noise was pronounced
The base four-cylinder returned 27 mpg overall, while the turbo and the Tucson was not very agile. Cabin access is easy and the
four-cylinder got 25 mpg and delivered plenty of performance. rear is roomy. We found the 2010 Tucson secure and responsive,
Road noise is evident, however, and the swoopy styling made for well-trimmed, and quite spacious inside, but the ride is stiff and road
challenging rear visibility and rear-seat access. The ride was firm, noise pronounced. The new styling also robbed some cargo space
yet comfortable and handling was nimble. A redesign arrived for and hurt the view out. A 2016 redesign made the Tucson one of the
2015 with a 2.4-liter four-cylinder and six-speed automatic that got better small SUVs. The base 2.0-liter engine is slow and can feel
28 mpg overall. The 2018 model year brought a facelift, changes strained; the 1.6-liter turbo is more powerful, but has vibrations at
to the suspension and steering, and standard blind spot warning. low speeds. Ride comfort, handling agility, and noise suppression are
Other available safety features include forward collision warning, commendable.
automatic emergency braking, and lane departure warning.
Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2016, 2019
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags standard.

2009 $4,900 - $5,700 2009 $5,000 - $6,900
Trouble Hyundai Sonata Trouble Hyundai Tucson
Spots 2010 $5,600 - $6,900 Spots 2010 $7,100 - $8,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,200 - $7,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,600 - $9,600
Engine, Major 5
0401
0103
0304
0505
050 2012 $7,300 - $8,700 Engine, Major
*405
0504
0303
0505
050 2012 $7,900 - $10,500
Engine Minor 4
0303
0303
0404
0405
050 2013 $8,300 - $10,800 Engine Minor
*405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,300 - $12,400
2014 $10,500 - $13,600 2014 $11,300 - $14,800
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $11,500 - $16,700
Engine Cooling
*505
0505
0504
0505
050
2015 $13,100 - $16,700
Trans. Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,900 - $20,700
Trans. Major
*205
0504
0505
0505
050
2016 $14,800 - $19,800
Trans. Minor 4
0405
0405
0505
0505
050 2017 $14,300 - $22,900
Trans. Minor
*105
0505
0505
0102
050 2017 $16,400 - $22,100
Drive System 4
0403
0405
0305
0405
050 2018 $16,800 - $25,400
Drive System
*503
0505
0405
0104
040 2018 $17,900 - $25,000
Fuel System 3
0103
0505
0504
0505
050 Fuel System
*503
0405
0505
0505
050
Electrical 4
0302
0405
0505
0505
Electrical
*405
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0402
0304
0305
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*403
0302
0402
0102
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0301
0101
0305
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
*305
0504
0504
0505
050
2009 Accept. 5/5 5/5
Brakes 3
0202
0303
0405
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*404
0303
0202
0504
050 2010 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
*504
0505
0504
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0203
0304
0405
0505
*104
0305
0405
0504
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0403
0303
0304
0405
*205
0303
0303
0405
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 4
0104
0505
0505
0505
*105
0504
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 3
0402
0202
0204
0505
040
2016
Power Equip.
*304
0402
0505
0105
050
2016
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
053
0103
0304
0404
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 15
0503
0405
0404
040
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0301
0303
0204
0403
040 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0504
0404
0301
0103
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
H WORSE BETTER
Hyundai Veloster Hyundai Veracruz
The sporty Veloster hatchback has three doors, with the right-side The seven-passenger Veracruz was essentially a stretched and more
rear door improving access to the tight rear seat. The 1.6-liter four- powerful Santa Fe. The 260-hp, 3.8-liter V6 is mated to a six-speed
cylinder engine delivers adequate power, and the precise manual automatic. The powertrain was smooth and the ride comfortable,
shifter has low effort throws. A dual-clutch, six-speed automated but suspension noise was evident. Handling was secure, but not
manual and a conventional six-speed manual are available. particularly agile. Front-wheel drive was standard, with all-wheel
Handling is responsive and secure. While the ride is quite stiff, it drive available. The front seats are nicely padded and supportive.
isn’t punishing. Despite the split rear window, visibility to the rear The wide and accommodating second-row seat has plenty of room,
is decent. Features include Pandora internet radio and the ability even for three, and the third row is fairly cramped, although two
to send text messages via voice commands. A much quicker turbo adults can just fit. The third-row seat folded into the floor in 50/50
version became available in 2013, with a strong 201-hp four-cylinder sections, and the second row split in 60/40 sections. 2012 was the
and a seven-speed automatic. Veracruz’s last model year; it was replaced by the long-wheelbase
three-row version of the redesigned Santa Fe.

2009 - 2009 $6,500 - $7,600
Trouble Hyundai Veloster Trouble Hyundai Veracruz
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $7,300 - $8,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,200 - $9,600
Engine, Major
*3
0 * *5
0 * 2012 $7,500 - $7,500 Engine, Major
* * * * 2012 $9,400 - $11,000
Engine Minor
*5
0 * *5
0 * 2013 $8,600 - $9,700 Engine Minor
* * * * 2013 -
2014 $9,900 - $11,400 2014 -
Engine Cooling
*5
0 * *5
0 *
2015 $11,900 - $13,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2015 -
Trans. Major
*4
0 * *5
0 *
2016 $13,100 - $15,200
Trans. Major
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Minor
*5
0 * *5
0 * 2017 $14,300 - $18,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2017 -
Drive System
*5
0 * *5
0 * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
*3
0 * *5
0 * Fuel System
* * * *
Electrical
*3
0 * *5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
*3
0 * *5
0 * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*5
0 * *5
0 *
2009 - - -
Suspension
* * * * 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
*1
0 * *5
0 * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
*5
0 * *5
0 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*5
0 * *2
0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*2
0 * *4
0 * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
*3
0 * *5
0 * 2014 Good 4/5 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * 2014 - - -
2015 Good 4/5 5/5 2015 -
Power Equip.
*1
0 * *5
0 *
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * 2016
- -
Good 4/5 5/5 -
*1
0 * *5
0 * * * * *
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0 5
0 2018 - - - Verdict 2018 - - -

I
Infiniti EX, QX50 Infiniti FX, QX70
The EX was introduced as a 2008 model and is Infiniti’s offering The FX is a midsized SUV that drives more like a sports sedan. FX35
in the small upscale SUV category. It’s essentially a raised wagon (later FX37) has a strong, smooth V6, coupled with an excellent five-
version of the Infiniti G sedan, with which it shares a very nice speed automatic, provides instant throttle response and impressive
powertrain. Like the G, the EX handles with agility, but this small performance. The FX45 (later FX50) features a gutsy V8. The trade-
pseudo-SUV is quieter and has a slightly more comfortable ride than off is a stiff ride that transmits every bump. The cabin feels snug,
its sedan sibling. The rear seat, however, is very snug and the cargo partly because of the high door sills and low roof. Rear visibility
area is small. Styling compromised rear visibility somewhat. An is poor, and the wide turning circle makes parking cumbersome.
optional lane departure system beeps to remind drivers to keep the A 2009 redesign brought more powerful engines, a seven-speed
vehicle on course. Infiniti changed the EX name to QX50 from 2014 automatic, and more high-tech safety gadgets. Responsive handling
onward. Up-to-date safety features include blind spot warning, and an eager powertrain remained high points, but the snug cabin
lane departure warning, lane keeping assist, and forward collision and impeded outward visibility carried over as well. Infiniti changed
warning. the FX name to QX70 from 2014 onward.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2009 $8,200 - $9,300 2009 $11,100 - $13,300
Trouble Infiniti EX, QX50 Trouble Infiniti FX, QX70
Spots 2010 $9,300 - $10,400 Spots 2010 $12,100 - $15,300
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,600 - $11,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,300 - $17,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * *5
050 2012 $12,500 - $13,900 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2012 $14,700 - $18,900
Engine Minor
* * * * * * *5
050 2013 $14,100 - $16,400 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2013 $16,700 - $21,100
2014 $17,400 - $18,500 2014 $18,300 - $24,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * *5
050
2015 $19,300 - $20,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * 2015 $20,600 - $21,700
Trans. Major
* * * * * * *5
050
2016 $21,500 - $22,700
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * 2016 $22,400 - $23,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * *5
050 2017 $24,500 - $25,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $24,600 - $25,800
Drive System
* * * * * * *5
050 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * *5
050 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * *
Electrical
* * * * * * *5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * *5
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * *5
050
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * 2009 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * *5
030 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * *5
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * *5
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * *5
* * * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * *5
* * * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 2015 Good
Power Equip.
* * * * * * *5
030
2016 Good
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * 2016 Good
NT NT
* * * * * * *3 * * * * * * * * *
040
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
050 2018 Good NT NT Verdict 2018 - - -

1 2 3 4 5
I WORSE BETTER
Infiniti G, Q40 ! Good Bet Infiniti JX, QX60
The G has a well-controlled ride, a quiet cabin, and a strong 3.5-liter An SUV large enough for three rows of seating without the bulk
V6 with an exceptionally smooth automatic. Routine handling was of a full-size model, the JX offers a spacious, quiet, luxurious, and
agile, but emergency handling could be tricky. The all-wheel-drive well-finished interior with room for seven. It has a comfortable ride
G35X is a very nice but fuel-thirsty car. A 2007 update significantly but handling lacks agility. Power comes from a 265-hp, 3.5-liter V6
improved the interior and controls. A larger 3.7-liter V6 was added to paired with a continuously variable transmission. This powertrain
the coupe for 2008, and the sedan a year later, when a seven-speed delivers smooth and adequate acceleration and returned 19 mpg
transmission was also made standard. We didn’t think much of the overall on premium fuel, but towing capacity is a low 3,500 pounds.
convertible version that arrived in 2009. A less-costly G25, with a A family-friendly feature is the ability to gain access to the third row
2.5-liter V6 introduced in 2011, sacrifices a little acceleration but gets even with a child seat installed in the second row. Infiniti changed
much better fuel economy. Our pick would be a 2007 or later model the JX name to QX60 from 2014 onward. The QX was freshened for
with all-wheel drive for buyers having to contend with snow. the 2017 mode year, with the V6 gaining 30 more hp and towing
capacity raised to 5,000 pounds.

2009 $7,900 - $10,600 2009 -
Trouble Infiniti G, Q40 Trouble Infiniti JX, QX60
Spots 2010 $10,300 - $11,300 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,600 - $12,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 * 2012 $12,000 - $13,700 Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
0 * 2012 -
Engine Minor 5
0505
0405
0 * 2013 $16,600 - $19,200 Engine Minor 4
0305
04 0 *
05 2013 $16,000 - $17,200
2014 - 2014 $17,600 - $18,800
Engine Cooling 5
0405
0505
0 * 2015 $17,000 - $18,200
Engine Cooling 5
0404
04 0 *
05
2015 $19,400 - $22,100
Trans. Major 5
0305
0505
0 * 2016 -
Trans. Major 1
0103
04 0 *
05
2016 $23,800 - $25,400
Trans. Minor 4
0405
0505
0 * 2017 -
Trans. Minor 5
0102
05 0 *
05 2017 $26,400 - $27,100
Drive System 3
0404
0504
0 * 2018 -
Drive System 5
0303
05 0 *
05 2018 $30,900 - $32,100
Fuel System 4
0405
0505
0 * Fuel System 5
0505
05 0 *
05
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Electrical 5
0505
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
0 * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0303
05 0 *
05 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0503
0204
0 * 2009 Good 5/4 5/5
Suspension 5
0204
04 0 *
05
2009 - - -
Brakes 3
0304
0103
0 * 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes 1
0505
05 0 *
05 2010 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
05 0 *
05 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 2
0305
0405
0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 1
0102
01 0 *
05 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
0404
0205
0 * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 1
0101
01 0 *
03 2013 Good 5/3 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0305
0404
0 * 2014 - - - Body Hardware 3
0105
01 0 *
05 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
2015 NT 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip. 2
0505
0304
0 * 2016
0203
05 0 *
04
2016
- Good 4/5 5/5
* 0 *
4
033
0404
0 1
0304
0101
2017 - - - 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0505
0405
0 2018 - - - Verdict 1
0102
0205
0 2018 Good 4/5 5/5

I
Infiniti M, Q70 Infiniti Q50
The Infiniti M is a very capable rear- and all-wheel-drive sedan with While the Q50 sedan is quick, an underwhelming driving experience
a comfortable interior and a choice of V6 or V8 power, positioned limits its sporty credentials. On the luxury front, fit and finish, ride
to take on the BMW 5 Series and Mercedes-Benz E-Class at a lower comfort, and noise isolation aren’t impressive. Handling is lackluster,
price. Ride and handling were good, and the M was capable whether mostly due to the dull steering. Ride comfort is unsettled and suffers
cruising on the highway or hustling along twisty country roads. The from the run-flat tires. The punchy powertrain isn’t a model of
interior is plush and well constructed. Quick, quiet, and roomy, the refinement and fuel economy is not impressive. For the class, the
2011 redesign also scored well. A not-so-impressive hybrid version cabin is quite roomy and the rear seat is hospitable, but the front
was also introduced. Infiniti changed the M name to Q70 from 2014 seat has a short cushion. Even more frustrating is the agonizingly
onward. It’s a roomy, fairly agile, and powerful car, although it is slow-responding touchscreen interface for the infotainment system.
short on the ultimate refinement. The Q50’s trunk is narrow and shallow, which limits the amount of
luggage that can be carried.

2009 $8,100 - $9,700 2009 -
Trouble Infiniti M, Q70 Trouble Infiniti Q50
Spots 2010 $8,800 - $10,700 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $12,500 - $13,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * * * 2012 $11,100 - $16,500 Engine, Major 5
0502
0505
0 2012 -
Engine Minor
* *4
04 0 *5
05 0 * * * 2013 $14,600 - $20,500 Engine Minor 3
0505
0405
0 2013 -
2014 $17,400 - $20,300 2014 $14,900 - $18,900
Engine Cooling
* *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * * * 2015 $20,500 - $25,500
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0405
0
2015 $16,200 - $21,400
Trans. Major
* *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * * * 2016 $24,500 - $31,000
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0
2016 $18,400 - $29,600
Trans. Minor
* *4
05 0 *5
05 0 * * * 2017 $27,600 - $37,100
Trans. Minor 5
0205
0505
0 2017 $19,300 - $34,500
Drive System
* *5
04 0 *2
05 0 * * * 2018 $30,500 - $42,300
Drive System 4
0505
0405
0 2018 $22,200 - $40,000
Fuel System
* *4
04 0 *2
05 0 * * * Fuel System 5
0505
0305
0
Electrical
* *4
05 0 *5
05 0 * * * Crash-Test Results
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* *4
01 0 *5
03 0 * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
0401
0303
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *3
04 0 *1
05 0 * * * 2009 Good NT NT
Suspension 4
0403
0405
0
2009 - - -
Brakes
* *5
02 0 *1
01 0 * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes 4
0103
0505
0 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* *5
05 0 *2
05 0 * * * 2011 Good 5/3 4/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* *5
05 0 *2
04 0 * * * 2012 Good 5/3 4/5 Paint/Trim 1
0405
0505
0 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* *2
04 0 *2
04 0 * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks 5
0405
0504
0 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* *5
02 0 *2
01 0 * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5 Body Hardware 3
0405
0405
0 2014 Good 4/3 5/5
2015 Good 5/4 5/5 2015 Good 4/3 5/5
Power Equip.
* *2
05 0 *2
05 0 * * * 2016
Power Equip. 4
0402
0405
0
2016
Good 5/4 5/5 Good 5/5
* *4 0 *5
0 * * *
In-Car Electr. In-Car Electr. NT
0201 1
0201
0304
0
2017 Good 5/4 NT 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0304
0 1
0 2018 Good 5/4 NT Verdict 2
0302
0104
0 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
I WORSE BETTER
Infiniti QX56, QX80 Jaguar F-Pace
Infiniti’s version of the big Nissan Armada SUV includes a more Jaguar’s first SUV is based on a rear-wheel-drive platform shared
luxurious interior with standard navigation and optional DVD with the XF and new XE. The F-Pace is quick, thanks to its 340- hp,
entertainment systems. The V8 was smooth and powerful, linked to supercharged 3.0-liter V6, but the omnipresent engine drone quickly
a slick automatic transmission. Pre-2011 models had a stiff ride and becomes tiring. The S uses a 380-hp version of this engine, and
pronounced engine noise. The interior is spacious, but the third-row a 2.0-liter turbodiesel is the base engine. All versions come with
seat is small. The 2011 redesign moved to a new platform, and the an eight-speed automatic and all-wheel drive. The F-Pace is taut
SUV became a plush luxury liner with a quiet, well-equipped cabin and nimble, contributing to the lively driving experience. However,
and supple, steady ride. A high step-in, ungainly handling, and fuel the ride is stiff and choppy. The seats are comfortable, but interior
economy of just 15 mpg overall are detriments. Infiniti changed the quality isn’t as impeccable as in the German competitors. The
QX name to QX80 from 2014 onward. Available safety features infotainment system is behind the times, utilizing a slow and fussy
included blind spot warning, automatic emergency braking, and touch screen. Active safety features are available if you opt for the
lane departure warning. vision package.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 $12,300 - $13,100 2009 -
Trouble Infiniti QX56, QX80 Trouble Jaguar F-Pace
Spots 2010 $13,500 - $14,200 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $18,800 - $19,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $20,900 - $21,500 Engine, Major 4
050 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $23,600 - $24,000 Engine Minor 5
040 2013 -
2014 $28,000 - $29,600 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $33,500 - $35,700
Engine Cooling 5
050
2015 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $35,900 - $43,900
Trans. Major 4
050
2016 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $38,700 - $50,000
Trans. Minor 5
050 2017 $30,000 - $54,400
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $47,600 - $50,200
Drive System 2
020 2018 $35,500 - $56,300
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System 4
050
Electrical
Electrical 5
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
040 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT 5/4 NT
Suspension 4
040
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT 5/4 NT
Brakes 4
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 2
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
040 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
050 2014 - - -
2015 NT 2015 -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
050
2016 -
- -
* * * * * * * * * *
In-Car Electr. NT NT In-Car Electr. - -
1
010
2017 NT NT NT 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 NT NT 5/5 Verdict 1
010 2018 NT NT NT

J
Jaguar F-Type Jaguar XF
Jaguar’s F-Type resurrects the brand’s sports-car heritage. Three Jaguar’s mid-level XF arrived for 2009 to replace the S-Type. It
supercharged engines are offered: two V6s ranging from 340 to 380 brought first-rate handling and a comfortable, compliant ride.
horsepower and a 495-hp V8. The eight-speed automatic works The cabin is relatively snug, but beautifully finished, with a near-
well but the shifter is fussy. For the convertible, Jaguar chose a soft- bespoke quality. However, the low-slung styling takes a toll on cabin
top design in the interest of folding speed, lighter weight, and trunk access, visibility, and headroom, and the controls are needlessly
space. In initial drives we noted that the body is solid and free of complicated, particularly the fussy, slow-reacting touchscreen. The
shakes, and open top motoring is free of wind buffeting. The exhaust 2016 redesign brought exceptionally comfortable ride that’s supple
note is quite brash. The ride is very taut and controlled and handling and controlled. Handling, steering and braking are also first class,
is responsive and capable, with communicative steering. The coupe making the XF a delight to drive. Unfortunately, the interior is more
bodystyle can be had in an R version, which features a 550-hp V8. A run-of-the-mill than luxurious, and we found the air conditioning to
turbocharged four-cylinder engine was new in 2018. be weak. Updates for 2018 included a new 2.0-liter turbocharged
four-cylinder engine, and an all-wheel-drive wagon version called
Redesign/Freshening: 2014. Sportbrake.
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2013, 2016.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.

2009 - 2009 $7,500 - $7,800
Trouble Jaguar F-Type Trouble Jaguar XF
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $8,000 - $11,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,700 - $14,700
Engine, Major
* * * * * 2012 - Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $11,100 - $19,100
Engine Minor
* * * * * 2013 - Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $12,300 - $35,700
2014 $30,200 - $38,700 2014 $15,300 - $39,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2015 $36,100 - $48,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $18,700 - $47,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2016 $39,400 - $60,200
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $21,300 - $35,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2017 $39,500 - $90,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $23,500 - $43,900
Drive System
* * * * * 2018 $51,300 - $101,300
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $33,000 - $60,600
Fuel System
* * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * 2009 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 NT NT NT Verdict 2018 NT NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
J WORSE BETTER
Jaguar XJ Jaguar XK
For a large luxury car the XJ has always had a rather tight cabin, The stylish XK coupe and convertible deftly blend traditional wood-
albeit one replete with plush leather and wood trim. The front and-leather luxury with satisfying athleticism. For 2007, the XK was
seats are nicely shaped, but cramped. Long-wheelbase models redesigned with an all-aluminum body. The aluminum structure in
comfortably hold three in the rear seat. Handling was fairly nimble, the convertible is free of typical convertible body-flex problems.
and the ride comfortable. The 2011 redesign transformed the car, Handling is quite nimble considering the comfortable ride, and the
giving it graceful and nimble handling, and a comfortable, supple V8 engines are smooth and muscular. The supple, controlled ride is
ride. It is truly a fun-to-drive sports sedan, and offered a range of graceful, befitting the brand. The cabin is furnished with plenty of
powerful V8s. We liked the power and the plush appointments inside wood and aromatic leather. Two kids can fit in the small rear seats.
the quiet interior, but we were unimpressed with the complex, slow- Although most competitors used a folding hardtop, the Jaguar sticks
acting touch-screen control interface. Head room is a little skimpy to a cloth one, which provides good noise insulation and lets the
and the trunk is small for such a large sedan. car retain a decent trunk. Rear visibility is a challenge, however. The
touch screen infotainment system is very slow. 2015 was the last year
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2011. for the XK.
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2007.
standard.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $9,000 - $16,100 2009 $10,700 - $17,000
Trouble Jaguar XJ Trouble Jaguar XK
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $12,900 - $19,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $14,000 - $18,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $14,300 - $24,000
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $16,700 - $24,400 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * 2012 $18,400 - $43,300
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $18,800 - $48,000 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * 2013 $18,200 - $44,800
2014 $22,500 - $38,800 2014 $23,700 - $100,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $29,200 - $51,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 2015 $35,500 - $67,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $32,600 - $69,200
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $50,800 - $84,400
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $66,500 - $109,800
Drive System
* * * * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * 2016 -
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2017 NT NT NT 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 NT NT NT Verdict 2018 - - -

J
Jeep Cherokee Jeep Compass
The Cherokee is too underdeveloped and unrefined. If you have your We would skip the Compass enirely. Originally, it was a small,
heart set on one, get the 3.2-liter V6 in Limited trim. The 2.4-liter cramped SUV. The larger of its two engine choices, a 2.4-liter, four-
four-cylinder is slow and gets lousy fuel economy for the class at just cylinder, is sluggish and noisy. A 2.0-liter engine was also available.
22 mpg overall. The nine-speed automatic is not all that responsive Front-wheel drive is standard and all-wheel drive is optional. The ride
or refined. Handling is competent, but short on agility and the ride is acceptable, but handling lacks agility. Interior quality suffers from
is jittery. Still, it’s a quiet SUV, with a comfortable back seat and an cheap plastics and sharp, unfinished edges and wide rear roof pillars
easy-to-use infotainment system. Limited trims can be found with impede the view aft. The redesigned 2017 Compass is a significantly
many high-end features. The Trailhawk is capable off-road, and better SUV than previous but still trails its peers. Power comes from
the V6 can tow an impressive 4,500 pounds. A freshened version an unrefined 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine. Most versions have the
arrived for the 2019 model year. nine-speed automatic, which is neither smooth nor responsive.
Handling isn’t agile, although the Jeep is secure when pushed. The
Redesign/Freshening: 2014, 2019. ride is rather stiff and jittery. The rear seat is too low and flat.
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2017.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Front.

2009 - 2009 $4,200 - $5,600
Trouble Jeep Cherokee Trouble Jeep Compass
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $5,100 - $6,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,200 - $8,000
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
* * * * * * * * *5
0 2012 $6,800 - $9,800
Engine Minor 4
0404
0505
0 2013 - Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * *5
0 2013 $8,000 - $11,100
2014 $10,900 - $17,800 2014 $9,100 - $12,900
Engine Cooling 5
0504
0505
0
2015 $12,800 - $19,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * *5
0
2015 $11,000 - $15,300
Trans. Major 1
0305
0505
0
2016 $14,300 - $23,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * *5
0
2016 $12,800 - $15,000
Trans. Minor 1
0102
0405
0 2017 $15,800 - $25,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * *5
0 2017 $13,900 - $21,600
Drive System 1
0202
0405
0 2018 $17,300 - $25,900
Drive System
* * * * * * * * *5
0 2018 $16,400 - $22,300
Fuel System 4
0505
0505
0 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * *5
0
Electrical 5
0405
0505
Electrical
* * * * * * * * *5
Climate Syst. 4
0403
0505
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * *3
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 1
0505
0405
0
2009 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * * * * *3
0
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes 3
0505
0405
0 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * *5
0 2010 NT 4/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * *5
0 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0404
0505
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * *5
0 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 1
0402
0405
0 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * *5
0 2013 NT 3/3 5/2
Body Hardware 4
0405
0505
* * * * * * * * *5
0 2014 NT 3/3 5/5
2015 Good 4/4 5/5 2015 NT 3/3 NT
Power Equip. 1
0202
0305
0
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * *4
0
2016
Good 4/4 5/5 NT 3/3 NT
In-Car Electr. 2
0204
0305
0
2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * *1
0
2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0205
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
J WORSE BETTER
Jeep Grand Cherokee Jeep Liberty
Up until the 2011 model year, the Grand Cherokee was a rather From its launch, the Liberty boasted such modern features such
unpleasant vehicle. Ride, handling, refinement and fuel economy as an independent front suspension and rack-and-pinion steering,
were subpar. Also, rear-seat space was tight, and interior fit and but the ride was still jittery, and the cockpit was narrow and hard
finish was so-so. Engines ranged from a lackluster 3.7-liter V6 to the to access. Handling was clumsy but ultimately secure. The noisy
5.7-liter V8. The 2011 redesign was a transformation, bringing a much 3.7-liter V6 is lethargic and thirsty. The boxier looking 2008 redesign
better and more upscale vehicle with a fully independent suspension, brought little improvement in driving dynamics and remained noisy
modern cabin electronics, capable handling, a steady ride, attractive and cramped. One of its few advantages was an optional full-time
fit and finish, and comfortable seats. The refined 3.6-liter V6 four-wheel drive system. 2012 was the last year for the Liberty, and it
returned 18 mpg overall. The 5.7-liter V8 is strong, but returned just was officially replaced by the new Cherokee in 2014.
14 mpg overall. We got 24 mpg overall with the diesel. The Uconnect
infotainment system is one of the best in the industry. 2014 brought Redesign/Freshening: 2008.
a major update, including an eight-speed automatic. A minor Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
freshening for 2016 included a much more intuitive gear selector. standard.
standard.

2009 $6,500 - $18,100 2009 $5,600 - $7,100
Trouble Jeep Grand Cherokee Trouble Jeep Liberty
Spots 2010 $7,600 - $19,500 Spots 2010 $6,200 - $8,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,800 - $13,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,100 - $9,400
Engine, Major 2
0*5
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 $11,400 - $26,000 Engine, Major
* * *3
0 2012 $7,900 - $11,900
Engine Minor 3 0 *1
0204
0305
0505
050 2013 $13,200 - $29,000 Engine Minor
* * *1
0 2013 -
2014 $15,300 - $33,200 2014 -
0 *2
Engine Cooling 2 0402
0505
0505
050 Engine Cooling
* * *1
0
2015 $18,100 - $38,600 2015 -
Trans. Major 0 *5
2 0405
0504
0505
050 Trans. Major
* * *5
0
2016 $19,500 - $44,300 2016 -
Trans. Minor 0 *3
1 0205
0302
0504
050 2017 $22,400 - $48,700
Trans. Minor
* * *1
0 2017 -
Drive System 1 0 *4
0101
0304
0404
050 2018 $24,600 - $74,400
Drive System
* * *1
0 2018 -
Fuel System 0 *4
1 0303
0204
0405
050 Fuel System
* * *3
0
Electrical 0 *4
4 0304
0505
0505
Electrical
* * *3
Climate Syst. 30 *1
0203
0203
0505
Climate Syst.
* * *1
Suspension 0 *2
5 0201
0304
0505
050 Suspension
* * *1
0
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 0 *2
1 0101
0404
0505
050 2010
Brakes
* * *1
0 2010
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 0 *5
2 0505
0404
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * *5
0 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 0 *4
5 0405
0304
0404
* * *1
0 2012 Good 3/2 5/5
0 *1
Noises & Leaks 4 0201
0403
0303
* * *1
0 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 50 *3
0305
0505
0405
* * *1
0 2014 - - -
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 -
Power Equip. 0 *1
3 0101
0103
0304
050 Power Equip.
* * *1
0 - -
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 -
In-Car Electr. 0 *2
5 0304
0102
0304
030 In-Car Electr.
* * *2
0 - -
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0 1
0101
0101
0302
020 2018 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict 1
0 2018 - - -

J
Jeep Patriot Jeep Renegade
Jeep’s Patriot small SUV is related to the Compass and Dodge Built in Italy, the subcompact Renegade looks enticingly cute but
Caliber, but has a more upright body. It uses the same 2.0- and is bogged down by a nine-speed automatic that’s neither smooth
2.4-liter, four-cylinder engines found in the Caliber, which we nor responsive. Fuel economy with the 2.4-liter was 24 mpg overall.
found slow and noisy. Ride and handling are acceptable, but not Handling is uninspiring, and the ride is unremarkable. Idle vibration
impressive. Interior fit and finish is sub par. The narrow cabin and and an overly touchy brake pedal also mar the driving experience.
small windows give a closed-in feel. The Patriot is not designed for Depending on options, the Renegade offers traditional Jeep features
serious off-roading but should be capable for the occasional trail such as some off-road ability in the Trailhawk version and open-air
excursion. An optional off-road package has a hill-descent system driving via its optional removable sunroofs. Optional safety features
and an extra low gear in the CVT. 2009 models received some include forward-collision and lane-departure warning, blind-spot
updates but not enough to lift this car from mediocrity. 2017 was its monitoring, rear cross-path detection, and a backup camera.
last model year. Chrysler’s Uconnect infotainment system is available.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007. Redesign/Freshening: 2015.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Front. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $4,300 - $5,700 2009 -
Trouble Jeep Patriot Trouble Jeep Renegade
Spots 2010 $5,100 - $6,600 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,700 - $7,900 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * *5
05 0 *
05 2012 $6,300 - $9,000 Engine, Major 5
0505
0 * 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * * *5
05 0 *
05 2013 $7,000 - $10,900 Engine Minor 5
05 0 *
05 2013 -
2014 $8,300 - $12,900 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
05 0 *
05
2015 $10,000 - $15,400
Engine Cooling 1
01 0 *
04
2015 $12,800 - $17,100
Trans. Major
* * * * *1
05 0 *
05
2016 $11,900 - $15,500
Trans. Major 4
05 0 *
05
2016 $13,400 - $18,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * *3
03 0 *
05 2017 $13,300 - $17,000
Trans. Minor 5
05 0 *
04 2017 $14,300 - $18,700
Drive System
* * * * *5
01 0 *
05 2018 -
Drive System 2
02 0 *
05 2018 $16,100 - $20,400
Fuel System
* * * * *1
03 0 *
05 Fuel System 5
05 0 *
05
Electrical
* * * * *5
05 0 *
Electrical 5
05 0 *
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
05 0 *
04 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 3
04 0 *
05 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *4
01 0 *
05
2009 Good 4/5 5/5
Suspension 5
05 0 *
05
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * *4
05 0 *
04 2010 Good 4/5 5/5
Brakes 1
04 0 *
05 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * *5
05 0 *
05 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 3
05 0 *
05 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * *4
03 0 *
05 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 1
05 0 *
05 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *1
01 0 *
01 0 *
03 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * *5
05 0 *
03 0 *
05 2014 - - -
2015 Good 3/4 2015 Good
Power Equip.
* * * * *1
02 0 *
04
2016
NT Power Equip. 1
01 0 *
01
2016
NT NT
Good 3/4 5/5 Good 4/4 5/3
In-Car Electr.
* * * * *5
03 0 *
02
2017 Good 3/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 1
03 0 *
02
2017 Good 4/4 5/3
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0105
0 2018 - - - Verdict 1
0102
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/3

1 2 3 4 5
J WORSE BETTER
Jeep Wrangler Kia Cadenza
The Wrangler is an off-road champ, but on road it delivers a choppy The Cadenza is a competent and credible large sedan. There’s a
ride, numb and slow steering, and clumsy handling. Noise is loud lot of content here, including a luxurious, quiet interior, a roomy
and constant. A long-wheelbase Unlimited model was added for backseat, sound and secure handling, and a comfortable ride. The
2005, bringing more cargo space and slightly more legroom in the 3.3-liter V6 engine and standard six-speed automatic combine
back seat. Otherwise, the ride was still dreadful and the steering to make a slick powertrain that delivers a decent 22 mpg overall.
imprecise. For 2007 a redesigned and more civilized Wrangler Controls are refreshingly easy to use. A host of electronic safety aids
arrived. Ride and handling improved some, but low cornering limits were available, but those will be hard to find since most Cadenzas
and vague steering remained. Its 3.8-liter V6 lacked punch and were bought without these options. The 2017 redesign is based on
returned just 15 mpg overall. A much better 3.6-liter V6 and a five- the Kia Optima, but it is considerably larger, competing with the
speed automatic arrived for 2012, and returned 17 mpg overall. Off- Toyota Avalon and Chevrolet Impala. The car is roomy and quiet,
road capability remains impressive, particularly in Rubicon trim. But with easy-to-use controls. Ride and handling are nothing special but
cabin access is a challenge and the interior is crude. pleasant enough.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC standard from 2007. Side air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
available, standard from 2018. standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. Drive Wheels: Front.

2009 $11,200 - $17,300 2009 -
Trouble Jeep Wrangler Trouble Kia Cadenza
Spots 2010 $12,200 - $18,600 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,600 - $20,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 1
0504
0105
0404
0505
050 2012 $14,800 - $23,200 Engine, Major 5
0505
040 * 2012 -
Engine Minor 1
0101
0204
0304
0505
050 2013 $15,700 - $24,700 Engine Minor 5
0505
050 * 2013 -
2014 $17,900 - $27,500 2014 $13,200 - $13,400
Engine Cooling 4
0505
0203
0504
0505
0505
030 *
2015 $19,200 - $29,500 2015 $15,900 - $17,800
Trans. Major 2
0302
0302
0504
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
050 *
2016 $20,900 - $31,300 2016 $17,000 - $19,500
Trans. Minor 2
0505
0103
0403
0505
050 2017 $22,300 - $32,700
Trans. Minor 5
0505
040 * 2017 $20,300 - $22,900
Drive System 1
0101
0402
0305
0505
050 2018 $23,600 - $40,400
Drive System 4
0505
050 * 2018 $23,600 - $26,700
Fuel System 1
0201
0404
0504
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
030 *
Electrical 1
0305
0304
0504
0505
Electrical 4
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0202
0404
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0104
Suspension 2
0102
0502
0404
0505
050 Suspension 5
0505
050 *
2009 Good 5/5 NT 2009 - - -
Brakes 1
0101
0101
0304
0504
040 2010
Brakes 2
0505
040 * 2010
Good 5/5 NT - - -
Exhaust 4
0301
0305
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
050 * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 2
0501
0302
0505
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0105
050 * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 1
0101
0101
0301
0102
0305
040 * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 4
0504
0301
0505
0505
0405
050 * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 2015 Good
Power Equip. 5
0502
0202
0405
0405
0105
040 * NT NT
2016 Good 2016 Good
In-Car Electr. 4
051
0202
0303
0205
0105
050 * NT NT
2017 Good 3/2 NT 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0201
0101
0302
0504
0305
010 2018 Good NT NT

K
Kia Forte Kia K900
The compact Forte replaced the mediocre Spectra for 2010. It’s Kia’s flagship is the brand’s first rear-drive model and cousin of
quicker, with a 156-hp 2.0-liter engine, and is also roomier, safer, the Hyundai Equus. It is offered with a smooth and punchy 420-
and more refined. The Forte offers a host of impressive features hp V8 with an 8-speed automatic. The K900 is like a traditional
such as Bluetooth. It also got good gas mileage of 28 mpg. Its freeway cruiser: more comfortable wafting along in a straight line
IIHS crash-test performance was good. The car was available as a than carving corners. The base infotainment system uses a 9.2-
coupe or a hatchback, and offered an optional 2.4-liter. While a big inch screen, and top trims get a 12-inch display. A central controller
improvement, it still ranks below the class leaders. Fuel economy manages the menus and selections, but it takes some getting used
improvements were instituted for 2015 models, while changes for to. The cabin is very roomy. Safety options include blind-spot and
2016 included an optional rearview camera, along with standard lane-detection systems, rear cross-traffic alert, a wraparound
keyless entry and heated mirrors. Beginning with the 2017 model camera, and front-collision warning. A V6 was introduced in 2016.
year, Android Auto and Apple CarPlay were added. Automatic
emergency braking, forward collision warning, and blind spot Redesign/Freshening: 2015, 2019.
warning came on the S and EX trim lines. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.
Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2014, 2019. Drive Wheels: Rear.
standard.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Kia Forte Trouble Kia K900
Spots 2010 $4,600 - $5,900 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,400 - $6,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 2
0202
0 *5
0505
0505
0 2012 $6,000 - $7,300 Engine, Major
* * * 2012 -
Engine Minor 3
04 0 *5
05 0305
0505
0 2013 $6,600 - $8,200 Engine Minor
* * * 2013 -
2014 $7,900 - $10,700 2014 -
Engine Cooling 4
05 0 *5
05 0505
0505
0 Engine Cooling
* * *
2015 $9,500 - $12,000 2015 $19,000 - $19,900
Trans. Major 5
05 0 *5
05 0505
0505
0 Trans. Major
* * *
2016 $10,500 - $13,300 2016 $21,500 - $25,500
Trans. Minor 5
04 0 *4
05 0504
0505
0 2017 $11,500 - $14,400
Trans. Minor
* * * 2017 $25,100 - $31,000
Drive System 4
04 0 *4
05 0504
0505
0 2018 $14,000 - $18,400
Drive System
* * * 2018 $32,300 - $40,600
Fuel System 2
05 0 *5
05 0505
0405
0 Fuel System
* * *
Electrical 5
02 0 *5
05 0505
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 4
01 0 *5
05 0505
0405
Climate Syst.
* * * Model Offset Full Side
Suspension 3
02 0 *3
04 0505
0405
0 Suspension
* * *
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 1
03 0 *4
02 0405
0505
0 2010
Brakes
* * * 2010
Good 5/5 5/4 - - -
Exhaust 4
05 0 *5
05 0505
0505
0 2011 Good 5/3 3/5
Exhaust
* * * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 4
04 0 *4
02 0405
0405
* * * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 4
04 0 *3
01 0505
0503
* * * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 5
04 0 *4
03 0504
0505
* * * 2014 - - -
2015 Good 4/4 5/5 2015 NT
Power Equip. 5
02 0 *2
01 0503
0205
0 Power Equip.
* * * NT NT
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 NT
In-Car Electr. 55 0 *1
01 0403
0405
0 In-Car Electr.
* * *
NT NT
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0304
0 4
0504
0205
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 2018 NT NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
K WORSE BETTER
Kia Niro Kia Optima
Kia’s five-passenger Niro marries good fuel economy with cargo The midsized Optima shares a platform with the Hyundai Sonata.
versatility. This front-wheel-drive hybrid uses a 1.6-liter four-cylinder The 2006 to 2011 vintage had a comfortable, quiet cabin and a
engine which, in conjunction with the electric drive unit, puts out a composed ride. Though not agile, handling was decent. ABS and
combined 139 hp. This combo is mated to a six-speed dual-clutch ESC were common with the EX, rare in the LX. The 3.3-liter V6 is
transmission. Because the lithium-ion battery is located under the responsive and averaged 21 mpg, while the four-cylinder engine
rear seat, that creates a flat cargo floor when the rear seats are averaged 26 mpg. A major redesign for 2011 made the Optima much
folded. We got 43 mpg overall, which is good but not as good as the better, with nimble handling but a rather stiff ride. The up-level
Hyundai Ioniq or Toyota Prius. The handling lacks agility and the ride engine, a lively turbocharged four-cylinder, returned a respectable
is a bit choppy. Make sure to get one with the optional power driver 24 mpg but less refined than a V6. The base 2.4-liter four-cylinder
seat, which provides better support than the standard seats do. A performs well. An unrefined hybrid was offered. The coupe-like
suite of advanced safety features is available, including automatic styling detracts from rear visibility and rear-seat access. The 2016
emergency braking, smart cruise control, and blind-spot detection redesign made the car a lot nicer and better equipped.
with rear cross-traffic alert.
Redesign/Freshening: 2017. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags ESC available, standard from 2010.
standard. Drive Wheels: Front.

2009 - 2009 $4,900 - $6,300
Trouble Kia Niro Trouble Kia Optima
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $5,700 - $6,700
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,400 - $8,900
Engine, Major 5
* *1
0102
0505
0505
050 2012 $6,900 - $10,100
Engine Minor 5
* *4
0504
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,500 - $12,900
2014 - 2014 $10,100 - $15,800
Engine Cooling 5
050
2015 -
Engine Cooling
* *5
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $11,800 - $18,400
Trans. Major 5
050
2016 -
Trans. Major
* *5
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $13,500 - $21,400
Trans. Minor 5
050 2017 $17,000 - $21,500
Trans. Minor
* *5
0305
0505
0505
050 2017 $15,000 - $23,600
Drive System 3
050 2018 $18,500 - $25,300
Drive System
* *4
0405
0405
0505
050 2018 $17,200 - $23,500
Fuel System 4
050 Fuel System
* *5
0304
0505
0504
050
Electrical 5
Electrical
* *3
0504
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *1
0303
0505
0405
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
050
2009 - - -
Suspension
* *1
0103
0504
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 5
050 2010 - - -
Brakes
* *3
0204
0404
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
050 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* *4
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/5 3/5
Paint/Trim 5
050 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* *5
0104
0204
0305
050 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
050 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* *5
0405
0103
0304
050 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 5
050 2014 - - - Body Hardware
* *3
0305
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 5
050
2016
- - Power Equip.
* *2
0304
0305
0404
050
2016
- Good 5/4 5/5
* *2
5
050 0102
0203
0304
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0103
0404
0303
050 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

K
Kia Rio Kia Sedona
This corporate cousin to the Hyundai Accent used to epitomize the The Sedona’s 2006 redesign was a big improvement, bringing
stiff-riding, noisy subcompact sedan. For 2006 it got a more powerful a more-powerful 3.8-liter V6 and additional standard safety
1.6-liter engine, the ride improved, and the cabin was quieter. The 2012 equipment. The sliding-door side windows retract, an unusual
redesign was a leap forward, making the Rio feel solid compared with feature for a minivan at that time. Handling and fuel economy
some other subcompacts, bringing more power and space and better remained so-so. While offering lots of features for the money, the
handling, along with a six-speed automatic transmission for better Sedona is not nearly as well-rounded as a Toyota Sienna or Honda
gas mileage. Higher trim models offer amenities such as heated seats Odyssey. A significantly updated Sedona arrived in 2015 with a
and a rear-view camera. Hatchbacks have gone by names such as refined V6, room for seven or eight passengers, and a quiet, upscale
the Rio Cinco and the Rio5. The 2018 redesign was a bit of a step back interior. But handling is ungainly and the ride is very stiff. The
with its stiff ride, leisurely acceleration, and just competent handling. second-row seats neither fold flat nor are they removable, making it
The front seats are short on support, and the rear seat is tight. Safety a challenge to carry large cargo.
features such as forward collision warning and automatic emergency
braking are available. Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2015.
Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012, 2018. standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS available, standard from 2011. Side and Drive Wheels: Front.
head protection air bags standard. ESC standard from 2012.

2009 $3,600 - $4,200 2009 $4,700 - $5,100
Trouble Kia Rio Trouble Kia Sedona
Spots 2010 $3,900 - $4,800 Spots 2010 $4,800 - $5,800
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $4,200 - $5,400 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,500 - $6,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $5,500 - $6,800 Engine, Major
* * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2012 $6,400 - $7,900
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $6,300 - $7,500 Engine Minor
* * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2013 -
2014 $7,200 - $8,400 2014 $9,300 - $12,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $8,200 - $9,500
Engine Cooling
* * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05
2015 $13,200 - $21,800
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $9,900 - $11,400
Trans. Major
* * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05
2016 $15,400 - $24,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $11,700 - $13,100
Trans. Minor
* * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2017 $17,700 - $28,100
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $12,600 - $14,600
Drive System
* * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2018 $22,600 - $34,800
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * *4
0 *5
05 0 *
05
Electrical
Electrical
* * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * *5
0 *4
05 0 *
05 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 Accept. 4/5 4/3
Suspension
* * *4
0 *5
05 0 *
05
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 Accept. 4/5 4/3
Brakes
* * *3
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 Accept. NT NT
Exhaust
* * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 Good 4/4 4/5 Paint/Trim
* * *4
0 *5
04 0 *
05 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 Good 4/4 4/5 Noises & Leaks
* * *1
0 *2
02 0 *
05 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 Good 4/4 4/5 Body Hardware
* * *2
0 *4
02 0 *
05 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 Good 4/4 4/5 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016
Power Equip.
* * *2
0 *1
02 0 *
05
2016
Good 4/4 4/5 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 Good 4/4 4/5
In-Car Electr.
* * *5
0 *5
04 0 *
05
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
0 4
0405
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
K WORSE BETTER
Kia Sorento Kia Soul
The original Sorento was a body-on frame SUV good for towing but The tall Soul packs a lot of room and equipment into a small,
not pleasant as an everyday driver. Only consider a Sorento from inexpensive car. It has very easy access, abundant headroom, and
after the 2011 redesign, which gave this SUV responsive handling, a surprisingly spacious rear seat. The 2.0-liter engine brings average
comfortable seats, and lots of features for the money. Both the four- acceleration and 25 mpg overall, which isn’t anything special. Expect
and six-cylinders returned 20-mpg overall in our test. The optional a noisy interior and a stiff ride. Handling is fairly nimble and secure.
third-row seat extends seating to seven. The ride is a little stiff but Controls are simple but interior fit and finish is basic. Big windows
overall the Sorento is a good choice that was very functional but not allow very good front and side visibility, but thick rear roof pillars
overly bulky for parking and maneuvering. The vastly improved 2015 create rear blind zones. A six-speed automatic debuted for 2012, and
redesign resulted in an SUV that was an alternative to both small boosted gas mileage from 25 to 26 mpg. For 2014 Kia introduced
and midsized SUVs and feels more upscale. It had a quieter cabin, a similar, but thoroughly updated, Soul that was much quieter and
strong engines, a comfortable ride, and secure, responsive handling. more refined. Still, the ride remained stiff and handling was sound,
A wide variety of advanced safety gear was available as well. but not exceptional.

Safety Equipment: ABS and ESC standard. Side and head Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
protection air bags standard from 2011. standard.

2009 $4,100 - $6,900 2009 -
Trouble Kia Sorento Trouble Kia Soul
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $4,800 - $6,300
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,000 - $9,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,300 - $7,500
Engine, Major
* 3
0203
0405
0505
050 2012 $8,000 - $11,100 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0405
0505
0 2012 $6,400 - $7,800
Engine Minor
* 3
0104
0405
0505
050 2013 $9,900 - $14,300 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0405
0 2013 $7,200 - $9,300
2014 $11,900 - $19,100 2014 $9,400 - $12,700
Engine Cooling
* 5
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $13,700 - $22,200
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2015 $10,900 - $14,800
Trans. Major
* 4
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $15,100 - $26,600
Trans. Major 5
0305
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $11,900 - $16,400
Trans. Minor
* 4
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $16,500 - $29,200
Trans. Minor 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
0 2017 $13,500 - $18,600
Drive System
* 3
0303
0304
0505
050 2018 $18,300 - $34,500
Drive System 4
0504
0503
0505
0405
0 2018 $14,800 - $19,300
Fuel System
* 4
0504
0405
0505
050 Fuel System 4
0205
0505
0405
0505
0
Electrical
* 5
0404
0504
0505
Electrical 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* 4
0303
0305
0405
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5
0402
0504
0405
0504
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* 1
0103
0403
0405
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 4
0302
0503
0504
0505
0
2009 - - -
Brakes
* 3
0201
0305
0505
050 2010 - - -
Brakes 1
0304
0203
0405
0405
0 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust
* 5
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/3
Exhaust 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
0 2011 Good 4/4 4/5
Paint/Trim
* 4
0105
0504
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 5
0405
0103
0505
0505
0 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* 2
0102
0405
0505
0204
0404
0304
0305
0 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware
* 3
0105
0404
0405
0505
0405
0505
0505
0 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* 1
0101
0103
0305
050
2016
Power Equip. 5
0303
0201
0304
0505
0
2016
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* 1
0104
0103
0405
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 33
0303
0504
0504
050
2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0202
0203
0404
050 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 5
0404
0403
0305
0305
0 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

L
Kia Sportage Land Rover LR2, Discovery Sport
The Sportage had a relatively comfortable, quiet ride, roomy interior, The compact LR2 has a four-wheel drive and a fully independent
and so-so handling. The 2.7-liter V6 version wasn’t very fuel-efficient. suspension, and proved quite capable climbing boulders in our
The 2011 redesign brought nimble handling and a more efficient and tests. It has a 3.2-liter six-cylinder engine and six-speed automatic
civilized powertrain. A stiff ride, pronounced road noise, and leisurely transmission. The ride is firm but steady and the SUV benefits from
acceleration from the base four-cylinder detract from an otherwise good steering. In our test the LR2 disconcertingly lifted two wheels
pleasant driving experience. It got 22 mpg overall in our tests. The at its handling limits, reducing driver confidence. Outward visibility is
up-level engine is a stronger turbo four-cylinder that got 21 mpg excellent but the controls are confusing to use. The LR2 was replaced
overall in our tests. While the styling is appealing, it compromises by the Discovery Sport in 2015, which struggles to compete against
cargo space and hurts the rear view out. Cabin appointments even mass-market small SUVs. Power delivery from the turbo four-
are basic, but fit together well. The redesigned 2017 model was cylinder either delivers too little or too much acceleration, and the
a considerable upgrade. Visibility, ride quality, and fuel economy transmission is neither smooth nor responsive. The Sport proved
all improved. Available safety features include blind spot warning, capable off-road, but the on-road ride is stiff, and handling is far
forward collision warning, and automatic emergency braking. from sporty. The austere cabin is rather plain for this luxury brand,
and the infotainment system is slow to respond.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 $4,600 - $5,500 2009 $6,700 - $6,700
Trouble Kia Sportage Trouble Land Rover LR2,
Spots 2010 $5,200 - $6,500 Spots Discovery Sport 2010 $7,300 - $7,300
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,400 - $10,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,900 - $9,900
Engine, Major 5
0*2
04 0 *5
05 0505
050 2012 $8,300 - $11,500 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $11,400 - $12,100
Engine Minor 5 0 *3
05 0 *5
05 0505
050 2013 $9,100 - $13,900 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $13,600 - $14,900
2014 $11,100 - $16,100 2014 $16,800 - $18,900
0 *5
Engine Cooling 5 05 0 *5
05 0505
050 Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * *
2015 $12,600 - $17,900 2015 $22,400 - $28,600
Trans. Major 0 *5
5 03 0 *5
04 0505
050 Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * *
2016 $13,700 - $20,000 2016 $24,000 - $30,500
Trans. Minor 0 *4
5 03 0 *5
05 0505
050 2017 $15,400 - $22,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $24,800 - $35,700
Drive System 5 0 *4
03 0 *5
02 0504
050 2018 $17,500 - $25,400
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $31,400 - $44,900
Fuel System 0 *5
5 03 0 *5
04 0505
050 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical 0 *4
4 04 0 *5
05 0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 20 *5
02 0 *5
04 0403
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset Full Side
Suspension 0 *1
2 05 0 *5
04 0505
050 Suspension
* * * * * * * * * *
2009 Accept. 5/5 5/5 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes 0 *3
5 04 0 *5
02 0305
050 2010
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010
Accept. 5/5 5/5 NT NT NT
Exhaust 0 *5
5 05 0 *5
05 0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 0 *4
4 05 0 *5
02 0405
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
0 *3
Noises & Leaks 1 05 0 *4
04 0104
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 30 *2
05 0 *5
02 0505
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 5/4 5/5 2015 NT
Power Equip. 0 *3
3 01 0 *5
02 0505
050 Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * NT NT
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 NT
In-Car Electr. 0 *4
4 03 0 *5
02 0505
050 In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * * * * *
NT NT
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0 3
0303
0 5
0503

1 2 3 4 5
L WORSE BETTER
Land Rover LR4, Discovery Land Rover Range Rover
The Land Rover LR3 was better than the older Discovery, but finished The luxurious Range Rover pioneered the luxury-SUV concept,
well short of the class leaders. The slow and thirsty V8, unsettled always featuring luxury-car amenities but complicated, inscrutable
ride, and confusing, ill-placed controls counted against it. At least controls. Its height-adjusting air suspension can raise or lower the
it had electronic stability control keeping it secure in emergency body for different on-and off-road conditions. An extensive 2003
maneuvers. We far preferred the LR4 that arrived for 2010. Handling redesign brought much-improved ride, handling, and refinement.
isn’t a long suit, as it leans and lumbers through corners. The ride Excellent BMW engines were used until 2006 when the Range Rover
is supple, but it still can get unsettled. The quiet, luxurious cabin switched to a Jaguar V8. After 2009, a 375-hp 5.0-liter V8 was
was comfortable, the third-row seat was usable by adults, and off- standard with a 510-hp supercharged version optional. Off-road
roading capabilities are top notch. The Discovery replaced the LR4 capabilities remained first-rate. An impressive redesign arrived for
in 2017. It has a powerful supercharged V6 engine and a steady, 2013, bringing an eight-speed automatic and supercharged V6 and
controlled ride when fitted with the air suspension. The controls can V8 engines that deliver immediate thrust. We averaged 17 mpg with
be confusing, but the front seats are very comfortable and the quiet the base V6. Handling is secure, but not agile. The suspension supple
three-row cabin is nicely furnished. swallows up nearly every bump, making the ride very comfortable.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD. Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 $9,300 - $9,600 2009 $11,200 - $11,500
Trouble Land Rover LR4, Trouble Land Rover Range Rover
Spots Discovery 2010 $12,400 - $12,600 Spots 2010 $12,300 - $14,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $14,300 - $14,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $14,400 - $16,500
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $16,400 - $17,300 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $18,500 - $30,700
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $21,000 - $21,500 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $35,300 - $48,100
2014 $28,600 - $30,700 2014 $39,300 - $78,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $33,600 - $36,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $44,300 - $91,800
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $41,100 - $46,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $50,900 - $115,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $43,200 - $64,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $61,700 - $138,900
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $49,500 - $65,700
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $80,700 - $161,500
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Used-Car Used-Car

L
Land Rover Range Rover Evoque Land Rover Range Rover Sport
The compact Evoque is based on the LR2 and offered in two- and Up until the 2014 redesign, the Sport was based on the Land Rover
four-door versions. Overall, the Evoque is more about style than LR4 rather than the high-end Range Rover. It’s still a luxurious
functionality. Interior room and visibility are sacrificed for the striking midsized SUV. The five-passenger interior is festooned with leather,
silhouette. Its Ford-supplied 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder wood trim, and luxury amenities, including active cruise control and
is mated to a six-speed automatic, (nine-speed from 2014) and rear DVD screens. A 4.4-liter V8 is standard, while a supercharged
returned 21 mpg overall in our tests. Acceleration and fuel economy 4.2-liter V8 is optional. The Sport lacks the sporty handling of some
are commendable, but the ride is choppy, and noise levels are competitors and the ride is rather stiff. 2010 brought new 5.0-liter V8
elevated. Controls are a bit quirky, which is typical of Land Rover. engines. An impressive redesign arrived for 2014, bringing an eight-
Routine handling is quite agile but can become disconcerting at the speed automatic and supercharged V6 and V8 engines that deliver
limits. The Evoque’s Terrain Response system facilitates moderate immediate thrust. We averaged 17 mpg with the base V6. Handling
off-road capability, uncommon in this class. A more powerful 286-hp is taut and agile, but the ride is stiff and choppy.
engine arrived in 2018.
Redesign/Freshening: 2012, 2020. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard. Drive Wheels: AWD.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 - 2009 $9,500 - $10,800
Trouble Land Rover Trouble Land Rover
Spots Range Rover Evoque 2010 - Spots Range Rover Sport 2010 $12,200 - $13,100
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $14,900 - $16,000
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * 2012 $15,800 - $20,200 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $17,500 - $25,900
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * 2013 $16,400 - $21,100 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $20,600 - $29,700
2014 $18,400 - $23,400 2014 $33,300 - $45,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 2015 $21,600 - $31,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $37,000 - $53,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 2016 $25,900 - $36,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $40,900 - $72,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 2017 $29,500 - $41,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $48,800 - $89,900
Drive System
* * * * * * * 2018 $35,000 - $50,100
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $59,800 - $102,300
Fuel System
* * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * 2009 - - -
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Used-Car Used-Car

1 2 3 4 5
L WORSE BETTER
Lexus CT 200h ! Good Bet Lexus ES ! Good Bet
The CT 200h hybrid aims to be a small, sporty, luxury car with Solid and sedate, the ES did just about everything well in our tests.
excellent fuel economy. Though not a bad vehicle, it doesn’t live up The V6 provided powerful acceleration, the transmission shifted
to all those promises or to the Lexus standard. Powered by the same flawlessly, and the ride is isolated and composed. Handling is far
134-hp, four-cylinder hybrid powertrain as the Prius, the CT gets 40 from sporty but ultimately secure and the cabin is exceptionally
mpg. While commendable, that is four mpg less than the roomier quiet. The front seats are supportive, but the rear is crowded for
Toyota while delivering similar leisurely acceleration. Handling is three. The 2007 redesign brought a 3.5-liter V6 and six-speed
responsive enough, but the ride is stiff and choppy. The cabin is automatic, continuing the tradition of seamless powertrains. Its high
cramped and admits too much engine and road noise. Tight rear rear deck makes the backup camera included with the navigation
seats, limited cargo capacity, and an impeded rear view don’t help. system a desirable feature. A redesign and a hybrid version arrived
The interior has some nice touches but falls short of being luxurious. for 2013. The V6 remains slick and powerful, and returns a good 25
The CT was discontinued after the 2017 model year. mpg overall. The hybrid delivers ample zip, while squeezing out an
excellent 36 mpg overall and 44 on the highway.

2009 - 2009 $9,200 - $9,200
Trouble Lexus CT 200h Trouble Lexus ES
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $10,200 - $10,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,000 - $10,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,600 - $11,600
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 * * 2012 $11,700 - $12,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $13,300 - $13,300
Engine Minor 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * 2013 $13,900 - $14,600 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $15,200 - $15,800
2014 $15,700 - $15,700 2014 $17,400 - $18,500
Engine Cooling 5
0505
05 0 *
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $17,600 - $17,600 2015 $19,200 - $20,900
Trans. Major 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $18,900 - $18,900 2016 $23,300 - $25,200
Trans. Minor 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * 2017 $21,800 - $21,800
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $28,600 - $30,300
Drive System 5
0405
05 0 *
04 * 2018 -
Drive System 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $33,200 - $35,500
Fuel System 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
0505
05 0 *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0405
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
Suspension 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * Suspension 4
0304
0505
0505
0505
050
2009 - - - 2009 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes 5
0503
03 0 *
05 * 2010
Brakes 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2010
- - - Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 2
0405
05 0 *
Paint/Trim 5
0403
0305
0405
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/2
Noises & Leaks 5
0303
04 0 *
03 * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
0405
0505
0405
0505
050 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware 5
0305
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 5/5 4/5
Power Equip. 5
0305
05 0 *
05 * NT NT Power Equip. 4
0405
0403
0405
0505
050
2016 Good 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0504
05 0 *
01 *
NT NT In-Car Electr. 5
045
0505
0503
0304
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0505
0 2018 - - - Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

L
Lexus GS ! Good Bet Lexus GX ! Good Bet
The redesigned 2006 GS had a stiff ride and handling that is far The GX shares a platform with the Toyota 4Runner, and slots in size
from sporty or engaging. Expect a relatively snug cabin with tight and price between the RX and the huge LX. Like the LX, it’s a body-
headroom. The V6 isn’t as strong as some competitors; a V8 is on-frame design with a live rear axle. It has three rows of seats and
optional. A hybrid arrived for 2007, and it was quick but stiff riding can accommodate eight. It shares the LX’s smooth and quiet V8
and noisy, with only a modest fuel economy benefit. The 2013 powertrain as well as many of the LX’s luxury appointments. The ride
redesign transformed the car into a compelling sedan. Handling is comfortable and quiet but uneven pavement can cause a side-
is sporty, the ride is supple and controlled, and the cabin is roomy, to-side movement. Cornering is less than agile. Interior fit and finish
comfortable, and nicely furnished. A mouse-like controller is used is impressive. Full-time 4WD, a hill-descent feature, and a system
to operate the cumbersome infotainment system. All-wheel drive is that prevents roll-back on steep ascents help make it competent
available. Changes for 2015, included 3D maps for the navigation off-road. As of the 2010 redesign, the sole engine is a 4.6-liter
system and more voice recognition controls. Also, a V8-powered GS V8. The ride is quiet and comfortable and off-road capability
F joined the line. In 2017 forward collision warning and automatic is commendable. Handling feels ponderous in corners even at
emergency braking were made standard. moderate speeds.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: 4WD.

2009 $10,300 - $12,700 2009 $15,600 - $18,500
Trouble Lexus GS Trouble Lexus GX
Spots 2010 $11,600 - $15,700 Spots 2010 $19,000 - $19,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,600 - $19,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $19,200 - $20,200
Engine, Major
* * * 5
0505
0505
* * * * *4
0505
0505
0 2012 $21,600 - $22,700
Engine Minor
* * * 5
0505
0205
050 2013 $18,100 - $19,400 Engine Minor
* * * * *5
0505
0505
0 2013 $23,200 - $24,700
2014 $20,500 - $25,600 2014 $28,700 - $30,700
Engine Cooling
* * * 5
0505
0505
050
2015 $23,800 - $34,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0505
0505
0
2015 $30,800 - $33,000
Trans. Major
* * * 5
0505
0505
050
2016 $24,100 - $50,500
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0505
0505
0
2016 $34,600 - $38,600
Trans. Minor
* * * 5
0504
0405
050 2017 $29,600 - $62,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
0505
0505
0 2017 $40,600 - $46,500
Drive System
* * * 5
0505
0505
050 2018 $43,200 - $71,800
Drive System
* * * * *5
0505
0505
0 2018 $46,900 - $53,000
Fuel System
* * * 5
0405
0405
050 Fuel System
* * * * *5
0505
0505
0
Electrical
* * * 5
0505
0505
Electrical
* * * * *4
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * 4
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
0505
0505
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * 5
0505
0405
050
2009 Good NT NT
Suspension
* * * * *2
0205
0503
0
2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * 4
0304
0404
050 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * *5
0305
0505
0 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * 5
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0505
0505
0 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * 5
0505
0505
050 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * *5
0405
0505
0 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * 4
0503
0205
* * * * *4
0404
0503
0 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * 4
0505
0505
* * * * *5
0503
0504
0 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * 4
0403
0204
050
2016 Good
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * *5
0505
0505
0
2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * * * * *4
5
0504
0305
050 0405
0505
0
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0305
0505
0503
0 2018 NT NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
L WORSE BETTER
Lexus HS Hybrid Lexus LS ! Good Bet
The short-lived HS 250h is a bit smaller than the Toyota Camry, but Lexus’ flagship is a sedate freeway cruiser that glides comfortably
uses the Camry hybrid’s powertrain. Unlike other Lexus models, the over bumps and is filled with luxury features. The 2007 redesign
HS felt unrefined, with a jiggly ride and intrusive wind and drivetrain didn’t change the formula much. It emphasizes quietness and road
noise. The steering feels vague, but handling is very secure. In our isolation. All seating positions are extremely comfortable, and
tests of the HS we got 31 mpg overall, which wasn’t stellar for a options include heated, massaging, power-reclining rear seats.
hybrid even at that time. Inside, the HS is well finished and comes Handling is sound but don’t confuse this with a luxury sports sedan.
with a long menu of standard features, but the cabin is narrow and Body lean is pronounced. Unlike most of its competitors, the controls
the protruding center console takes up too much room. The front are mostly user-friendly. Engines grew in displacement and an eight-
seats are well padded, but the cushions are a little shy in thigh speed automatic became standard. Hybrid, all-wheel drive, and
support. Two six-footers can sit comfortably in the rear, but three is long-wheelbase versions are available. It is a standout in terms of
a squeeze. Trunk space is modest, and rear seatbacks do not fold reliability and holding its value. 2013 brought a freshening with a
down. 2012 was the last year for the HS. more cumbersome infotainment system.
Redesign/Freshening: 2010. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2013, 2018.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: Front. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.

2009 - 2009 $12,700 - $14,400
Trouble Lexus HS Hybrid Trouble Lexus LS
Spots 2010 $8,900 - $9,700 Spots 2010 $13,900 - $16,400
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,500 - $11,500 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $16,200 - $19,400
Engine, Major 5
0 * * 2012 $12,400 - $13,500 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0* 2012 $19,000 - $24,900
Engine Minor 0 *
5 * 2013 - Engine Minor 5 0504
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2013 $24,800 - $31,700
2014 - 2014 $27,800 - $39,900
Engine Cooling 0 *
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 - 2015 $32,500 - $52,600
Trans. Major 0 *
1 * Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2016 - 2016 $37,700 - $67,900
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * 2017 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0504
05 0 *
05 2017 $51,400 - $56,200
Drive System 0 *
1 * 2018 -
Drive System 4 0505
0502
0505
05 0 *
05 2018 $70,400 - $74,900
Fuel System 0 *
5 * Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
Electrical 0 *
Electrical 5
0504
0505
0505
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 0 *
Climate Syst. 50405
0505
0505
05 0 *
Suspension 0 *
5 * Suspension 2
0201
0305
0405
05 0 *
04
2009 - - - 2009 Good NT NT
Brakes 0 *
5 * 2010
Brakes 1
0201
0402
0405
04 0 *
04 2010
Good 5/5 5/5 Good NT NT
Exhaust 0 *
5 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 0 *
4 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 2
0504
0305
0404
05 0 *
05 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 0 *
5 * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0505
0405
05 0 *
05 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 0 *
4 * 2014 - - - Body Hardware 50505
0505
0504
05 0 *
05 2014 Good NT NT
2015 - 2015 Good
Power Equip. 0 *
2 * - - Power Equip. 5
0504
0405
0405
04 0 *
04 NT NT
2016 - 2016 Good
In-Car Electr. 5* *
- - In-Car Electr. 4
0404
0502
0503
05 0 *
04 NT NT
2017 - - - 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0 2018 - - - Verdict 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
0 2018 NT NT NT

L
Lexus LX Lexus NX ! Good Bet
Lexus uses a rebadged, upscale Toyota Land Cruiser for its top- The NX luxury compact SUV is based on the Toyota RAV4 and
trim LX. It is one of the few SUVs that is both capable off-road and uses a 2.0-liter, turbo four-cylinder engine mated to a six-speed
civilized on pavement. It has a slick powertrain, a comfortable ride, automatic. This combination works well and delivers 24 mpg overall.
and a quiet, nicely appointed cabin. Added features over the Land The NX 300h hybrid uses a 194-hp engine with a CVT, and its 29
Cruiser include a height-adjustable air suspension and a power- mpg overall makes it one of the most fuel efficient SUVs we’ve ever
adjustable steering wheel. Five adults can fit quite comfortably, but tested. The NX delivers a sportier, less cushy driving experience
the power folding third-row seat takes up cargo room. Our tested than the larger RX. The interior is adorned with nice stitching but
Land Cruiser only got 14 mpg overall. It was impressive off road: some cheap touches are evident, and the cabin is very tight, with
the crawl mode manages throttle and braking over tough terrain. compromised visibility. The dash gets a multipurpose center screen
Updates for 2016 included a standard eight-speed automatic and controlled by a fussy touchpad that requires a distracting level of
blind spot warning with rear cross-traffic alert. Beginning with the focus to manipulate.
2017 models, automatic emergency braking and lane departure
warning became standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2015.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD.

2009 $25,300 - $25,300 2009 -
Trouble Lexus LX Trouble Lexus NX
Spots 2010 $27,800 - $27,800 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $30,400 - $30,400 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2012 - Engine, Major 5
0505
050 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2013 $37,600 - $37,600 Engine Minor 5
0505
050 2013 -
2014 $42,600 - $42,600 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2015 $46,400 - $46,400
Engine Cooling 5
0505
050
2015 $23,500 - $28,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2016 $67,200 - $67,200
Trans. Major 5
0505
050
2016 $25,100 - $31,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2017 $73,600 - $73,600
Trans. Minor 5
0505
050 2017 $28,700 - $35,300
Drive System
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2018 $76,100 - $77,500
Drive System 5
0505
050 2018 $32,800 - $37,400
Fuel System
* * * * * *5
0505
050
Electrical
* * * * * *5
Electrical 5
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *5
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension 5
0505
050
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 5
0505
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0505
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 3
0504
050 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware 5
0505
030 2014 - - -
2015 NT 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * *3
0 * * * 2016
0505
050
2016
NT Good 4/4 5/5
* * * * * *3
0 * * *
0203
050
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
040 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
L WORSE BETTER
Lexus RC Lexus RX ! Good Bet
The RC is an aggressively styled sports coupe with seating for While it isn’t as sporty to drive as more athletic competitors from
four. Essentially a coupe version of the IS sedan, it uses a standard Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz, the RX offers a cabin that’s just
3.5-liter V6 engine hooked up to an eight-speed automatic. An all- as quiet and plush but with Lexus’s proven track record of peerless
wheel-drive version is available with a six-speed automatic. Top-trim reliability. The V6 is refined and responsive, and returned 19 mpg
RC F versions, fitted with a 467-hp, 5.0-liter V8, target the BMW M4. overall in our tests. The hybrid model debuted for 2006 and
That prodigious output is routed to the rear wheels with a torque- delivered 23 mpg overall. The 2010 redesign brought even better fuel
vectoring differential, which sends power to the wheel that has the economy for both versions, a more luxurious interior, and additional
most grip. The RC F is super-quick, with a loud exhaust bark. The safety and connectivity features. Handling became more lackluster,
various driving modes sharpen throttle and steering response, but though it is ultimately secure. A comfortable ride and easy cabin
the car’s weight ultimately compromises agility. access makes the RX easy to live with. Inside is a well-finished, quiet
and comfortable interior with room for five. The infotainment system
Redesign/Freshening: 2015. uses a convoluted mouse-like controller.
standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2010, 2016.
standard.

2009 - 2009 $9,500 - $10,300
Trouble Lexus RC Trouble Lexus RX
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $12,600 - $14,300
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,300 - $15,400
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $15,100 - $17,500
Engine Minor 5
05 0 *
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $17,600 - $20,400
2014 - 2014 $19,500 - $22,800
Engine Cooling 5
05 0 *
05 Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $27,000 - $39,700 2015 $21,500 - $25,500
Trans. Major 5
05 0 *
05 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $25,300 - $46,100 2016 $31,700 - $39,700
Trans. Minor 5
05 0 *
05 2017 $31,000 - $54,800
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $36,500 - $44,500
Drive System 5
05 0 *
05 2018 $38,600 - $63,900
Drive System 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $41,600 - $50,400
Fuel System 5
05 0 *
05 Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
05 0 *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
Suspension 5
05 0 *
05 Suspension 2
0404
0305
0505
0505
050
2009 - - - 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 1
04 0 *
02 2010
Brakes 3
0505
0504
0505
0405
050 2010
- - - Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
05 0 *
05 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/4 5/4
Paint/Trim 5
01 0 *
02 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/4
Noises & Leaks 5
04 0 *
05 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 4
0405
0405
0505
0304
050 2013 Good 4/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
04 0 *
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 5
05 0 *
0504
0405
0405
0405
050
2016 Good 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
05 0 *
0403
0504
0405
0404
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
0404
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

L
Lincoln Continental Lincoln MKC
The Continental returned in 2017 as Lincoln’s high-tech flagship The MKC includes luxury and high-tech features, but this Ford
sedan is based on the accomplished MKZ. The base engine is a Escape-based vehicle falls short of the class leaders. Power is strong,
lackluster 3.7-liter V6. The 2.7-liter twin-turbo V6, however, packs a particularly from the 2.3-liter turbo four-cylinder, but it returned just
lot of punch. The top-level trims get a 400-hp, 3.0-liter twin-turbo 19-mpg overall in our tests. Combined with the small gas tank, that
V6. Front-wheel drive is standard, with all-wheel drive optional. The results in a short cruising range. A fussy push-button shifter controls
ride is very comfortable, and the cabin is super-quiet. Handling the six-speed automatic. None of the adaptive suspension modes
is responsive, but the car is intended to be a relaxed cruiser. The make for a truly comfortable ride. Handling is secure, but agility
cabin is nicely finished and very roomy, particularly in the back. The trails most rivals. A quiet cabin, plush trim, easy access, and decent
standard front seats look unusual and compromise support. We’re rear-seat room enhance livability, but rear visibility is limited. For the
no fans of the push-button gear selector and the electronic buttons 2016 model year, Sync 3 replaced the much-maligned MyLincoln
that are used instead of an interior door handle. In terms of pricing, Touch.
the Continental competes with luxury midsized sedans.
Redesign/Freshening: 2017. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Lincoln Continental Trouble Lincoln MKC
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
050 2012 -
Engine Minor 0 *
0405
050 2013 -
2014 - 2014 -
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 Engine Cooling 5
0505
050
2015 - 2015 $17,800 - $21,800
Trans. Major 0 *
5 Trans. Major 5
0505
050
2016 - 2016 $18,100 - $27,600
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 2017 $25,400 - $40,900
Trans. Minor 5
0404
050 2017 $19,800 - $31,500
Drive System 0 *
5 2018 $30,000 - $42,300
Drive System 4
0505
050 2018 $24,400 - $35,800
Fuel System 0 *
5 Fuel System 5
0505
050
Electrical 0 *
Electrical 5
0505
Climate Syst. 0 *
Climate Syst. 5
0505
Suspension 0 *
5 Suspension 3
0404
050
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 0 *
5 2010 -
Brakes 5
0505
050 2010 -
- - - -
Exhaust 0 *
5 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 0 *
5 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0505
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 0 *
3 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 3
0501
050 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 0 *
0505
050 2014 - - -
2015 - 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 0 *
0104
050
2016 - 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *
0202
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 2
0402
040 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
L WORSE BETTER
Lincoln MKS Lincoln MKT
The Lincoln MKS, a Ford Taurus-based sedan, debuted in 2009 with This big three-row SUV is based on the Ford Flex and has a very
a 3.7-liter V6 that provides good power but isn’t particularly refined. roomy, plush, and quiet interior along with many luxury amenities.
In lieu of a V8, a turbocharged V6 is available, as is all-wheel-drive. However, the view out and the driving position are compromised
The ride is comfortable but not always settled. Handling is secure by its styling. The third-row seats are best suited for kids. Base
but lacks agility, and none of the three-mode suspension settings models are powered by a 3.7-liter V6. The up-level engine is a
are ideal. The interior is roomy, but the driving position and foot turbocharged V6, making it quick while returning 18 mpg overall.
well are narrow. Despite some nice interior materials, some details The ride is comfortable, but handling lacks agility, and the MKT is
come up short. A short opening limits the usefulness of the otherwise cumbersome at its cornering limits. A wide turning circle hampers
huge trunk, and a high rear deck restricts rear visibility. More recent maneuverability. For the 2016, Sync 3 replaces the much-maligned
models gained the MyLincoln Touch infotainment system, which is MyLincoln Touch infotainment system.
convoluted and frustrating to use. The outdated and outclassed MKS
was replaced by the stylish, all-new Continental in 2017. Redesign/Freshening: 2010, 2013.
standard.

2009 $7,400 - $7,600 2009 -
Trouble Lincoln MKS Trouble Lincoln MKT
Spots 2010 $8,000 - $8,400 Spots 2010 $7,700 - $9,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,200 - $10,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,700 - $10,100
Engine, Major 5
0* * *4
0 * * * 2012 $10,400 - $11,500 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2012 $10,700 - $12,300
Engine Minor 5 0 * * *3
0 * * * 2013 $12,500 - $13,700 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2013 $12,300 - $13,300
2014 $14,800 - $16,700 2014 $14,400 - $17,100
0 *
Engine Cooling 5
* *5
* * * * * * * * *
2015 $17,800 - $19,900 2015 $18,900 - $21,500
Trans. Major 0 *
5 * *4
* * * * * * * * *
2016 $20,100 - $24,200 2016 $19,800 - $23,300
Trans. Minor 0 *
2 * *4
0 * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $20,900 - $26,500
Drive System 1 0 * * *5
0 * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2018 $22,600 - $28,300
Fuel System 0 *
4 * *4
0 * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * *
Electrical 0 *
5 * *5
Electrical
Climate Syst. 40 * * *1
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset Full Side
Suspension 0 *
2 * *1
0 * * * Suspension
* * * * * * * * *
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 0 *
1 * *3
0 * * * 2010
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2010
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 0 *
5 * *5
0 * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 0 *
5 * *5
0 * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
0 *
Noises & Leaks 4
* *3
* * * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 50 * * *5
* * * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 Good
Power Equip. 0 *
2 * *4
* * * * * * * * * NT NT
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good
In-Car Electr. 0 *
2 * *5
* * * * * * * * *
NT NT
2017 - - - 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0 3
0 2018 - - - Verdict 2018 Good NT NT

L
Lincoln MKX Lincoln MKZ
Lincoln’s first midsize SUV, the car-based MKX, arrived in 2007. A The MKZ is based on the capable Ford Fusion. In 2007 an all-wheel-
luxurious version of the Ford Edge, the MKX uses Ford’s 3.5-liter drive version was introduced. A 2010 freshening saw improvements
V6 and six-speed automatic, a combination that delivered strong to the turning circle, improved interior materials, and a quieter cabin.
performance. The ride is comfortable, but handling lacks agility. Rear The ride became more supple and controlled, and handling more
visibility isn’t very good. The MyLincoln Touch infotainment system responsive. A hybrid arrived in 2011. The 2013 redesign brought a
on more recent versions is distracting and tedious to use. The cabin much better car, with an improved ride, handling that rivaled some
is nicely appointed and relatively quiet, but doesn’t match up to the European sports sedans, and a far more luxurious interior. Engine
competition. A 2016 redesign brought a turbo V6 engine with smooth choices were a turbo four-cylinder as well as a V6 and a hybrid.
power and agile handling. A much better Sync 3 infotainment But the MyLincoln Touch infotainment system is cumbersome to
system replaced MyLincoln Touch. Convenience and safety features use, the push-button gear shifter and touch-sensitive controls were
include automatic emergency braking, lane keeping assist, and cross frustrating, and the sleek styling compromised cabin access and
traffic warning. rear-seat room.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
standard. ESC standard from 2009. .

2009 $8,200 - $9,300 2009 $5,600 - $6,200
Trouble Lincoln MKX Trouble Lincoln MKZ
Spots 2010 $9,200 - $10,300 Spots 2010 $6,500 - $7,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,400 - $11,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,300 - $7,800
Engine, Major
* *4
0505
050 *5
0505
0 2012 $11,700 - $13,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $8,700 - $9,400
Engine Minor
* *4
0405
030 *5
0505
0 2013 $13,300 - $14,900 Engine Minor 5
0505
0504
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,000 - $13,200
2014 $16,000 - $17,600 2014 $13,600 - $14,800
Engine Cooling
* *4
0405
050 *5
0505
0
2015 $18,400 - $19,900
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $15,800 - $22,000
Trans. Major
* *4
0305
050 *5
0505
0
2016 $18,200 - $29,400
Trans. Major 5
0505
0504
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,600 - $23,300
Trans. Minor
* *4
0204
050 *5
0505
0 2017 $21,400 - $34,900
Trans. Minor 5
0405
0504
0505
0505
050 2017 $19,400 - $30,500
Drive System
* *4
0505
050 *4
0505
0 2018 $24,800 - $38,200
Drive System 5
0301
0404
0504
0305
050 2018 $23,700 - $37,600
Fuel System
* *5
0503
030 *4
0505
0 Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0503
0405
050
Electrical
* *5
0405
050 *5
0505
Electrical 5
0204
0505
0405
0505
Climate Syst.
* *5
0103
050 *5
0504
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
0103
0104
0504
0404
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *5
0305
050 *4
0505
0
2009 Good 5/4 5/5
Suspension 2
0301
0301
0101
0105
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes
* *1
0103
050 *5
0505
0 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes 5
0305
0303
0304
0404
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust
* *5
0504
050 *5
0505
0 2011 Good 3/3 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/3 5/3
Paint/Trim
* *5
0505
050 *5
0505
0 2012 Good 3/3 5/5 Paint/Trim 1
0305
0501
0304
0505
050 2012 Good 4/3 5/3
Noises & Leaks
* *2
0502
050 *2
0105
0503
0402
0305
0403
050 2013 Good 5/4 3/5
Body Hardware
* *4
0504
050 *3
0505
0103
0504
0303
0505
050 2014 Good 5/4 3/5
2015 Good 3/3 5/5 2015 Good 5/4 3/5
Power Equip.
* *1
0303
030 *3
0305
0
2016
Power Equip. 4
0104
0405
0201
0301
050
2016
Good 5/5 5/5 Good 5/4 3/5
In-Car Electr.
* *1
0103
050 *2
0405
0
2017 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 2
012
0401
0303
0303
050
2017 Good 5/3 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0204
050 3
0204
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 4
0304
0403
0302
0201
050 2018 Good 5/3 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
L WORSE BETTER
Lincoln Navigator Mazda 2
The Navigator is an upgraded Ford Expedition with leather and This subcompact hatchback is about the size of the Honda Fit
wood interior trim, seating for eight, and a selectable 4WD system or Toyota Yaris. Only the five-door version of the Mazda2 was
that could be left permanently engaged. A redesign for 2003 available. Power comes from a 100-hp, 1.5-liter four-cylinder engine.
improved the ride and handling. The cabin is quiet, and both rows of A slick-shifting five-speed manual transmission is standard, and a
rear seats are comfortable and spacious for three adults -- unusual four-speed automatic is optional, but it saps some power. Handling
with any SUV. In 2007 the Navigator was freshened, receiving a is quite nimble, and the ride is tolerable, but the cabin is noisy. Rear-
six-speed automatic transmission. The power-operated third-row seat room is relatively good given the size of the car. It is related to
seat folds flat into the floor, and the Navigator L is 15 inches longer, the Ford Fiesta, but it trades some refinement and comfort in order
bringing significantly more cargo room. A freshening in 2015 brought to sell at a lower price. 2014 was the last year for the Mazda2 in the
a turbocharged six-cylinder in place of the V8. The Navigator was U.S. However, the redesigned Mazda2 was available in Canada, and
redesigned for 2018, and offers forward collision warning, automatic was sold in the U.S. as the Scion iA and then the Toyota Yaris iA.
emergency braking, and blind spot warning. Properly equipped, it
can tow up to 8,300 pounds. Redesign/Freshening: 2011.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2015, 2018. standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: Front.
standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear.

2009 $10,200 - $11,800 2009 -
Trouble Lincoln Navigator Trouble Mazda 2
Spots 2010 $11,700 - $13,400 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $12,500 - $14,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,000 - $5,200
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $15,700 - $17,900 Engine, Major
* * * * 2012 $5,600 - $5,800
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $18,200 - $20,600 Engine Minor
* * * * 2013 $6,200 - $6,300
2014 $21,400 - $24,200 2014 $6,900 - $7,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $30,200 - $32,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2015 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $33,300 - $41,300
Trans. Major
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $39,100 - $48,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $63,200 - $86,900
Drive System
* * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * 2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT 3/4 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT 3/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT 3/4 5/5 Body Hardware
* * * * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 NT 5/5 5/5 2015 -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016
Power Equip.
* * * * 2016
- -
NT 5/5 5/5 -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2017 NT 5/5 5/5 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 NT 5/5 5/5 Verdict 2018 - - -

M
Mazda 3 ! Good Bet Mazda 5
The Mazda3 is one of the better small cars choices, with precise, The Mazda5 has the utility of a minivan yet is as agile, maneuverable
responsive handling and a firm ride. Interior quality is very good, and economical as a small car. Based on the Mazda3, it delivers
though the cabin is noisy and the rear seat somewhat tight. For responsive handling and a comfortable ride. Our major beef is its
2012, Mazda added a new 2.0-liter Skyactiv engine and six-speed pronounced road noise. Fuel economy was a decent 23 mpg overall.
automatic transmission that boosted fuel economy to an impressive The 2.3-liter, four-cylinder provides adequate performance but feels
32 mpg. Skip earlier models, since some pre-2010 versions received weak when hauling full loads or climbing hills. Visibility and access
a poor rating in the IIHS side-crash test without curtain airbags. are excellent. It has flexible seating for four passengers and their
It’s common to find many upscale features on the 3 but the luggage, or can accommodate six people but little luggage. The two
infotainment system on later models takes some getting used to. In rearmost seats are cramped. 2008 brought a five-speed automatic
2018 forward collision warning and low-speed automatic emergency which improved fuel economy slightly. The 2012 freshening brought
braking were made standard. a 2.5-liter engine that improved performance slightly. 2015 was the
last year for the Mazda 5.
Safety Equipment: ABS available, standard from 2011. Side and Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012.
head protection air bags available, standard from 2010. ESC Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
available from 2007, standard from 2011. ESC standard from 2010.

2009 $5,000 - $6,800 2009 $5,000 - $5,000
Trouble Mazda 3 Trouble Mazda 5
Spots 2010 $5,600 - $8,300 Spots 2010 $5,600 - $5,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,900 - $9,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $6,000 - $10,300 Engine, Major 5
050 5
0505
050 2012 $6,800 - $8,900
Engine Minor 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $7,300 - $12,200 Engine Minor 2
040 4
0505
050 2013 $7,700 - $9,900
5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
050 5
0505
050
2015 $10,700 - $15,500 2015 $11,600 - $14,000
Trans. Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 4
040 4
0505
050
2016 $12,400 - $17,200 2016 -
Trans. Minor 3
0304
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
050 5
0505
050
2017 $15,000 - $18,600 2017 -
Drive System 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Drive System 4
050 5
0405
050
2018 $16,400 - $21,500 2018 -
Fuel System 4
0305
0405
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 4
010 1
0505
050
Electrical 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
050 5
0505
050
Climate Syst. 1
0405
0504
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 2
020 4
0505
Suspension 1
0303
0504
0405
0505
050 Suspension 1
010 1
0405
050
2009 Good 4/4 NT 2009 NT 5/5 5/4
Brakes 5
0305
0505
0202
0104
050 Brakes 4
020 1
0304
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/4 2010 NT 5/5 5/4
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 1
030 4
0405
050
2011 Good 5/4 5/2 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0304
0404
0505
0505
010 5
0505
050 2012
Good 5/4 4/2 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 5
0302
0303
0404
0505
010 3
0401
040 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0405
0404
0505
0505
010 4
0504
050 2014 Good NT NT
Power Equip. 2015 Good 5/4 4/5 Power Equip. 2015 Good NT NT
3
0305
0503
0404
0403
050 4
010 4
0505
020
2016 Good 5/4 4/5 2016 - - -
In-Car Electr. 5
035
0504
0102
0203
030 5
0505
010
2017 Good 5/4 4/5 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0405
0505
0504
0405
050 2018 Good 5/4 4/5 Verdict 3
010 3
0505
050 2018 - - -

1 2 3 4 5
M WORSE BETTER
Mazda 6 ! Good Bet Mazda CX-3
When it debuted the Mazda6 had a firm yet compliant ride and Mazda’s entry in the mini-utility segment delivers agile, fun-to-drive
excellent brakes. The four-cylinder engine doesn’t feel refined and handling; a solid and substantial feel; and good fuel economy.
the V6 is quick but thirsty. That vintage scored Poor in the IIHS The ride is firm but does a good job absorbing impacts, except
side-crash test when tested without side air bags. The four-cylinder on versions with 18-inch wheels and tires. Noise levels are high.
returned 24 mpg overall, while the powerful 3.7-liter V6 got 20 mpg. The CX-3 is available with front- or all-wheel drive, and the sole
A new Mazda6 arrived in 2013. We got an excellent 32 mpg overall powertrain is a 2.0-liter four-cylinder and a six-speed automatic.
from the smooth four-cylinder and six-speed automatic. The car is It’s a smooth, willing mill but isn’t overly powerful. The infotainment
agile and capable in corners, with a taut but firm ride. The cabin system includes a 7-inch center display screen and a rotary knob to
is loud, particularly on the highway. Most examples have a rotary control phone and audio functions, but it takes time to get familiar
knob the interfaces with a screen for audio, and phone tasks. It takes with its operation. The rear seat is very tight, and cargo space is
some getting used to but is manageable. Note that with that system modest. Blind-spot monitoring and adaptive cruise control are
the car can be retrofitted for Apple Car Play. available.

standard. standard. FCW and AEB optional.

2009 $5,500 - $6,000 2009 -
Trouble Mazda 6 Trouble Mazda CX-3
Spots 2010 $6,100 - $7,400 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,100 - $9,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
050*5
0505
0505
0 2012 $6,700 - $10,700 Engine, Major 5
0505
0 2012 -
Engine Minor 4 0505

050 *5
0505
0505
0 2013 $7,700 - $12,100 Engine Minor 5
0505
0 2013 -
2014 $10,500 - $12,900 2014 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
050 *5
0505
0505
0 Engine Cooling 5
0505
0
2015 $12,500 - $15,600 2015 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
050 *5
0505
0505
0 Trans. Major 4
0505
0
2016 $14,000 - $18,300 2016 $14,800 - $18,600
Trans. Minor 5
0403
040 *5
0505
0505
0 2017 $15,600 - $20,700
Trans. Minor 4
0405
0 2017 $15,800 - $20,400
Drive System 5 0505
050 *5
0505
0505
0 2018 $15,600 - $26,500
Drive System 5
0505
0 2018 $17,200 - $21,900
Fuel System 3
0505
050 *5
0505
0505
0 Fuel System 5
0505
0
Electrical 4
0505
050 *5
0505
0505
Electrical 5
0405
Climate Syst. 40105
040 *5
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 1
0105
Suspension 5
0405
050 *4
0505
0505
0 Suspension 5
0305
0
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 3
0304
040 *1
0204
0505
0 2010
Brakes 5
0505
0 2010
Good 5/5 5/5 - - -
Exhaust 3
0501
010 *5
0505
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 1
0103
040 *3
0303
0505
0 2012 Good 4/3 5/4 Paint/Trim 4
0405
0 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 3
0104
020 *3
0405
0505
0505
0 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 10205
040 *4
0505
0505
0505
0 2014 - - -
2015 Good 5/4 5/5 2015 -
Power Equip. 3
0204
010 *4
0405
0505
0 Power Equip. 3
0204
0 - -
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
013040 *2
0402
0305
0 In-Car Electr. 3
0305
0
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0405
050 4
0404
0505
0 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 2
0105
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

M
Mazda CX-5 ! Good Bet Mazda CX-7
The CX-5 is competitive in the small SUV class. Handling is taut and The CX-7 has coupe-like styling and a turbocharged, four-cylinder
agile, with quick, well weighted steering that makes the CX-5 fun in engine, plus agile and secure handling. The ride is fairly stiff and
corners. But we found the ride to be choppy and the cabin is loud. road noise is pronounced. We found the CX-7 delivered ample
Both the 2.0-liter and the more powerful 2.5-liter engines returned midrange power, but there was a frustrating and disconcerting initial
an impressive 25 mpg overall in our tests. Look for a model with the lag at low revs. Fuel economy averaged a mediocre 18 mpg in our
2.5-liter engine, which is much more responsive than the 2.0-liter. tests. The interior is well put together but some materials feel cheap.
The six-speed automatic is smooth. The interior is roomy and The firm front seats are generally supportive. The rear seat is not
versatile, and the controls are simple to use. Recent models have a very roomy and is too low. The optional backup camera is an asset,
rotary knob and a screen on the dash, but it takes some time to get but the navigation system compromises the radio controls. Overall,
used to it. The system can be retrofitted to work with Apple CarPlay. we would stay away from the CX-7 and choose a different SUV. 2012
It’s easy to find upscale features on the Grand Touring version. was the SUVs last year.
2018 models get standard forward collision warning and low-speed
automatic emergency braking. Redesign/Freshening: 2007.
standard. FCW and AEB available from 2016.

2009 - 2009 $4,600 - $5,500
Trouble Mazda CX-5 Trouble Mazda CX-7
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $5,500 - $6,100
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,800 - $7,600
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
* * * * 2012 $7,100 - $10,400
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,500 - $13,300 Engine Minor
* * * * 2013 -
2014 $10,800 - $14,900 2014 -
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
050
2015 $12,800 - $17,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2015 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
050
2016 $15,000 - $19,900
Trans. Major
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
050 2017 $17,700 - $23,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2017 -
Drive System 5
0405
0505
050 2018 $19,700 - $24,800
Drive System
* * * * 2018 -
Fuel System 5
0405
0505
050 Fuel System
* * * *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 4
0405
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0505
0505
050
2009 - - -
Suspension
* * * * 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 2
0405
0404
050 2010 - - -
Brakes
* * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0505
0505
050 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 5
0305
0505
* * * * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 3
0505
0505
* * * * 2014 - - -
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 -
Power Equip. 5
0405
0405
050
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * 2016
- -
Good 5/3 5/5 -
* * * *
4
0203
0204
050
2017 Good 5/5 5/4 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0405
0505
050 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 2018 - - -

1 2 3 4 5
M WORSE BETTER
Mazda CX-9 ! Good Bet Mazda MX-5 Miata ! Good Bet
The three-row CX-9 is a bit of a hidden gem. It’s quiet, agile, and has The Miata is a fun-to-drive weekend toy, with a smooth-shifting
a nice interior with attractive trim. The third-row seat is small but manual transmission. Zesty performance, super-nimble handling,
relatively easy to access. Handling is taut and agile, and the ride is and precise steering always made this car as enjoyable. After 2006
firm and steady, yet comfortable. The 60/40-split second-row seats the Miata received a smidgen more interior space and trunk room,
slide back and forth for greater second- or third-row leg room. It but you could still easily raise and lower the top manually from the
initially used Ford’s punchy, 3.5-liter V6 engine but in 2008 it got a driver’s seat. A power retractable hard top is also available. The ride
smoother, more refined 3.7-liter V6. The optional blind-spot warning is tolerable, and the constant road and engine noise can get tiring.
system works well. The original CX-9 performed poorly when tested Super-agile handling remains its long suit. Be prepared to travel light
in the IIHS small-overlap crash test. The 2016 redesign brought a given the tight quarters and have some dexterity to get in and out
responsive 2.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder mated to a smooth of the low cabin. The 2016 redesign took the Miata back to its roots
six-speed automatic, a comfortable ride, agile handling, and a nicely somewhat. Light weight lets the small 2.0-liter engine quickly scoot
furnished interior. the roadster along. Handling is sublime, but the ride is still stiff and
the seats lack support.
standard. FCW and AEB available from 2016. Safety Equipment: ABS and side air bags standard. ESC available
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. starting from 2006, standard from 2012.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $6,800 - $7,800 2009 $7,500 - $8,800
Trouble Mazda CX-9 Trouble Mazda MX-5 Miata
Spots 2010 $7,500 - $8,600 Spots 2010 $8,200 - $9,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,700 - $11,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,800 - $12,900
Engine, Major
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $8,700 - $12,500 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0* 2012 $9,600 - $14,800
Engine Minor
*505
0505
0505
0504
050 2013 $10,500 - $13,500 Engine Minor 5 0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2013 $10,600 - $15,100
2014 $12,200 - $16,600 2014 $12,100 - $16,300
Engine Cooling
*505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $13,900 - $20,400
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 $14,500 - $19,500
Trans. Major
*504
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $18,700 - $27,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2016 $16,800 - $19,700
Trans. Minor
*504
0404
0505
0504
050 2017 $22,000 - $30,000
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2017 $19,200 - $25,100
Drive System
*301
0302
0104
0505
050 2018 $24,700 - $33,500
Drive System 5 0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2018 $20,500 - $27,500
Fuel System
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
Electrical
*505
0505
0505
0405
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
Climate Syst.
*304
0405
0505
0304
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 40505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*204
0503
0205
0205
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 5
0505
0105
0505
05 0 *
05
2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
*101
0101
0501
0205
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 5
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 1
0505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
*504
0505
0404
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0505
0505
0505
04 0 *
05 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
*501
0205
0304
0304
0205
0105
0301
05 0 *
05 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
*403
0305
0405
0505
0505
0405
04 0 *
05 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 3/3 5/5 2015 NT
Power Equip.
*402
0404
0505
0403
040
2016 NT
Power Equip. 2
0404
0205
0105
05 0 *
01
2016 NT
NT NT
* 54 0 *
0405
0304
0103
040 2
0530105
0505
0505
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0303
0303
0503
0405
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0503
0 2018 NT NT NT

M
Mercedes-Benz C-Class Mercedes-Benz CLA
Just about every C-Class we’ve tested has been smooth, quick, quiet, The sleek and compact CLA250 is Mercedes’ entry-level, front-
and comfortable. You can usually count on a supple, quiet ride, as drive, compact, four-door coupe. It has a nicely-finished cabin and
well as firm but very comfortable front seats. The 2008 redesign fuel economy of 28 mpg is respectable. But the driving experience
made rear seat a bit bigger but the cabin remained snug. The falls well short of a typical Mercedes. The 2.0-liter four-cylinder
3.0-liter V6 provides strong performance and decent fuel economy and seven-speed automatic lack refinement. It’s quick, but power
of 21 mpg overall in our tests. The C remained fun to drive, but the delivery is uneven. While fairly agile, the car rides stiffly. The cabin
ride can be choppy with the sport suspension and the steering was is noisy and cramped, especially in the rear, the view out is seriously
overly light. We liked the improvements made to the C when we impaired, and access is difficult both front and rear. All-wheel drive
tested a 2012 C250 with the smooth turbo four-cylinder. The Luxury is optional. The high-performance, 355-hp CLA45 tops the range.
version had a steady ride and agile handling. Some controls are not
that logical. The redesigned 2015 C-Class is a major upgrade with a Redesign/Freshening: 2014, 2020.
luxurious ride, nimble handling and impressively furnished interior, Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
but controls are complicated. standard.
standard.

2009 $7,000 - $16,400 2009 -
Trouble Mercedes-Benz C-Class Trouble Mercedes-Benz CLA
Spots 2010 $7,700 - $18,000 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,600 - $20,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 4
0505
0304
0503
0505
040 2012 $9,400 - $25,200 Engine, Major
* * * * * 2012 -
Engine Minor 4
0205
0203
0503
0505
040 2013 $10,700 - $27,700 Engine Minor
* * * * * 2013 -
2014 $13,200 - $31,500 2014 $17,300 - $26,800
Engine Cooling 1
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $17,500 - $45,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2015 $19,100 - $30,200
Trans. Major 5
0405
0405
0505
0505
040
2016 $21,400 - $48,300
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2016 $21,200 - $37,900
Trans. Minor 2
0305
0105
0505
0505
040 2017 $24,400 - $65,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2017 $23,700 - $43,400
Drive System 4
0503
0305
0503
0505
040 2018 $28,400 - $74,900
Drive System
* * * * * 2018 $27,100 - $47,700
Fuel System 4
0103
0504
0504
0505
050 Fuel System
* * * * *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 5
0404
0504
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0402
0405
0503
0505
040
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * 2009 - - -
Brakes 5
0505
0304
0402
0304
040 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * 2010 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/2 5/4
Exhaust
* * * * * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 3
0505
0504
0505
0504
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 5
0205
0505
0503
0202
* * * * * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 4
0505
0405
0504
0505
* * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 5/4 5/4 2015 NT
Power Equip. 1
0101
0404
0301
0305
030
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * * 2016
NT NT
Good 5/4 5/5 NT
* * * * *
1
055
0504
0501
0203
040
2017 Good 5/4 5/4 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0404
0304
0501
0403

1 2 3 4 5
M WORSE BETTER
Mercedes-Benz CLS Mercedes-Benz E-Class
The CLS sedan combines swoopy, coupe-like styling with four The E-Class has been among the best cars CR has tested,
doors. But the low roof, small windows, and reduced interior space traditionally combining a first-class cabin with agile handling and
compromise access, visibility, and rear-seat room. The 5.0-liter V8 a smooth ride. The E350’s punchy 3.5-liter V6 and seven-speed
offers smooth and abundant power, but in our tests the seven-speed automatic returned 21 mpg overall. Though it is refined and quiet,
automatic hesitated before downshifts and wasn’t always smooth. we didn’t find the 2010 redesign as impressive as its predecessor.
A 6.3-liter AMG version is available. The quick steering offers good Handling is capable, but the steering isn’t as communicative as it
feedback, and handling is capable but not really sporty. The ride is used to be. Subsequent updates, including a revised suspension,
mostly steady, but some side-to-side motions are annoying. Noise moved the car back to benchmark status. A frugal 2.1-liter
levels are hushed. Fit and finish is excellent, but the controls are four-cylinder diesel returns 30 mpg overall in our tests. Interior
complicated. For 2012 the car was extensively freshened, with a accommodations are plush, with comfortable and supportive seats,
4.6-liter twin-turbo V8. It remains a highly-capable sporty sedan, excellent fit and finish, and a large trunk. The Luxury trim is the one
with excellent interior fit and finish. to go for, because the Sport has an overly-firm ride. A convertible,
wagon, and coupe are offered.

2009 $10,800 - $17,600 2009 $7,400 - $17,000
Trouble Mercedes-Benz CLS Trouble Mercedes-Benz E-Class
Spots 2010 $11,900 - $22,200 Spots 2010 $10,700 - $18,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $14,700 - $26,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,500 - $23,700
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $19,700 - $28,600 Engine, Major 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $12,800 - $31,100
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $22,700 - $34,500 Engine Minor 5
0101
0405
0404
0505
040 2013 $14,500 - $33,500
2014 $27,100 - $43,700 2014 $19,100 - $51,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $30,500 - $58,400
Engine Cooling 4
0304
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $22,100 - $56,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $38,300 - $75,500
Trans. Major 2
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $27,400 - $62,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $49,000 - $85,800
Trans. Minor 1
0205
0505
0405
0405
050 2017 $36,300 - $59,700
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $68,900 - $99,000
Drive System 1
0305
0304
0305
0505
050 2018 $44,900 - $99,900
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System 1
0503
0303
0405
0505
050
Electrical
Electrical 4
0205
0405
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 3
0205
0502
0405
0405
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension 1
0403
0504
0405
0504
040
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 3
0404
0403
0305
0504
050 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0405
0504
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 2
0505
0405
0405
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
0305
0504
0404
0402
020 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 NT 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016
0304
0303
0204
0402
040
2016
NT Good 4/4 5/5
* * * * * * * * * *
023
0304
0404
0401
040
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
0304
0404
0305
0502
010 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

M
Mercedes-Benz GL, GLS Mercedes-Benz GLA
This seven-passenger luxury SUV has a third-row seat that’s roomy Essentially a raised wagon version of the CLA sedan, the GLA
enough for adults. The 4.6-liter V8 is smooth and delivers strong performed better in our tests than its sibling. It got 26-mpg overall
performance. Expect 15 mpg overall; diesel models return 19-20 mpg from the 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder. But the seven-speed dual-
overall. Handling is relatively responsive, with good steering feel clutch automatic is unrefined and, combined with the engine’s turbo
that belies the GL’s size and weight. It proved secure and forgiving lag, makes the GLA feel lethargic despite its quick acceleration
in our tests, the ride is comfortable, and the interior is very quiet. Fit times. Handling is fairly agile, but the ride is stiff, and the cabin
and finish is excellent, but some controls are overly complicated. is loud. Visibility, particularly to the rear, is poor. Standard safety
The GL can tackle most off-road situations, and towing capacity features include a radar-based collision-prevention system.
is impressive. The redesigned 2013 version is one of the most Autonomous emergency braking, blind-spot monitoring, and lane
comfortable-riding SUVs we’ve tested, but handling is clumsy at its assist are optional. A front-drive version and a high-performance
limits. Interior accommodations are top notch. Available features 375-hp GLA45 are available. Changes for 2018 include minor styling
include a self-parking system and a 360-degree camera view. The updates and an optional suspension package that slightly increases
GL was renamed the GLS in 2017. ground clearance.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $10,500 - $12,300 2009 -
Trouble Mercedes-Benz GL, GLS Trouble Mercedes-Benz GLA
Spots 2010 $12,100 - $15,900 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $14,000 - $17,500 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * *2
0505
0 2012 $16,000 - $19,600 Engine, Major 4
0505
050 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * * *5
0505
0 2013 $23,000 - $39,400 Engine Minor 5
0505
050 2013 -
2014 $27,100 - $46,600 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * *4
0405
0
2015 $34,100 - $56,600
Engine Cooling 5
0505
050
2015 $19,700 - $30,700
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0304
0
2016 $40,900 - $64,900
Trans. Major 5
0505
050
2016 $21,500 - $34,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * *4
0204
0 2017 $46,300 - $83,900
Trans. Minor 5
0305
050 2017 $23,200 - $38,200
Drive System
* * * * *3
0301
0 2018 $56,300 - $96,500
Drive System 5
0303
050 2018 $26,900 - $42,600
Fuel System
* * * * *1
0505
0 Fuel System 4
0405
050
Electrical
* * * * *5
0505
Electrical 4
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
0305
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 2
0305
040 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *2
0303
0
2009 NT NT NT
Suspension 1
0505
050
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * *2
0504
0 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 5
0305
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * *4
0505
0 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * *5
0504
0 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0505
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *5
0505
0101
050 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * *5
0505
0 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware 5
0505
050 2014 - - -
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * *5
0401
0
2016 NT
0205
050
2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * *5
0401
0 4
0505
050
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0301
0204
050 2018 NT NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
M WORSE BETTER
Mercedes-Benz GLK, GLC Mercedes-Benz M-Class, GLE
Based on the C-Class sedan, the GLK has a smooth 3.5-liter V6 that The M-Class has a roomy interior with seating for five and lots of
delivers quick acceleration and 18 mpg overall. Ride comfort is solid cargo room. You can count on the ML to ride and handle relatively
and tranquil when cruising, but the low-speed ride is a bit unsettled. well. The 2006-12 generation had more powerful V6 and V8 engines,
The GLK handles fairly nimbly, but doesn’t shine at its limits. The a well-constructed interior, and a seven-speed automatic that
high, upright seating position affords a commanding view out. The sometimes hesitated to shift. Controls are confusing. The 2012
front seats are firm and well-shaped. Leg room in the rear is stingy redesign was a significant improvement. The SUV became quick
at best and the wide doorsills impede access. The controls aren’t and very refined, quiet, and well finished. Handling is responsive but
exactly logical. A 2013 freshening considerably improved the car, steering is a little vague. Towing capacity is impressive. A turbodiesel
with a new V6 engine that increased fuel economy to 21 mpg overall V6 was also available, as was a high-performance AMG version.
and more luxurious interior materials. A four-cylinder diesel engine Some controls have improved, but others are still complicated. In
was available. A 2016 redesign came with a name change to GLC. It 2016 the M-Class was renamed the GLE.
uses a 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder that delivers ample power, and a
nine-speed automatic that shifts smoothly and in a timely manner. Redesign/Freshening: 2006, 2012.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.
standard.

2009 - 2009 $8,800 - $17,500
Trouble Mercedes-Benz Trouble Mercedes-Benz
Spots GLK, GLC 2010 $10,100 - $10,600 Spots M-Class, GLE 2010 $9,900 - $19,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,900 - $11,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,300 - $23,600
Engine, Major 5
0505
0504
0505
0505
0 2012 $12,300 - $13,300 Engine, Major
*103
0405
0505
0505
050 2012 $16,000 - $28,900
Engine Minor 4
0305
0405
0505
0505
0 2013 $14,800 - $16,400 Engine Minor
*101
0102
0405
0405
040 2013 $18,100 - $34,500
2014 $17,600 - $19,400 2014 $20,700 - $40,600
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0
2015 $21,100 - $24,000
Engine Cooling
*103
0405
0505
0505
050
2015 $24,300 - $47,900
Trans. Major 2
0503
0404
0505
0505
0
2016 $29,100 - $30,500
Trans. Major
*305
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $31,700 - $87,100
Trans. Minor 2
0503
0404
0404
0505
0 2017 $30,600 - $51,900
Trans. Minor
*205
0305
0504
0505
050 2017 $36,500 - $94,900
Drive System 2
0305
0205
0505
0505
0 2018 $34,600 - $56,200
Drive System
*201
0405
0405
0505
050 2018 $43,800 - $106,300
Fuel System 4
0405
0102
0405
0505
0 Fuel System
*103
0202
0205
0505
050
Electrical 5
0503
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
*102
0305
0405
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0203
0505
0505
0505
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*403
0405
0505
0305
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0503
0404
0504
0405
0
2009 - - -
Suspension
*303
0504
0405
0404
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 3
0102
0503
0201
0105
0 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
*102
0104
0204
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*502
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0501
0405
0505
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*205
0504
0304
0503
050 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
0503
0505
0501
0205
*102
0405
0405
0205
050 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0503
0504
0505
0405
*105
0505
0504
0505
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip. 1
0201
0303
0302
0504
0
2016 Good
NT NT Power Equip.
*101
0204
0203
0402
050
2016 Good
* 12
55
0104
0405
0302
040 0402
0403
0301
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0403
0303
0401
0103
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 1
0203
0403
0504
0203
0 2018 Good NT NT

M
Mercedes-Benz R-Class Mercedes-Benz S-Class
Feeling like a luxury minivan, the three-row R-Class has room for The S-Class has always been stately and luxurious. A plush interior
six or seven in its flexible interior. The ride is comfortable and quiet. and extremely comfortable and cushy ride, among the best we’ve
Handling is responsive and secure, but the steering is too light. tested, make this flagship sedan a prime executive transport. But
The 5.0-liter V8 returned 15 mpg overall in our tests. A 3.5-liter V6 the driver is far from neglected. Sharp steering and nimble handling
is optional. The seven-speed automatic sometimes hesitated to bely its large size. Even base V8 offers strong acceleration. The cabin
downshift. Access is very easy but the long rear doors can strike is roomy, with comfortable seats and impressive noise isolation. But
adjacent cars when swung open. The second-row seats are very the integrated radio, climate, and navigation controls were difficult
roomy and comfortable, but the third-row seats are tight. When they to operate. A 2007 redesign included a powerful 5.5-liter V8 and a
are folded early R-Class models could only carry four passengers; control system that is a bit easier to use, though still complicated.
in 2008 a second-row bench seat was offered, increasing seating The 2014 redesign brought a super-luxurious interior, powerful turbo
capacity. Fit and finish is excellent, but some controls are awkward. engines, and complicated controls. Ride comfort is superb and
In 2008 the V8 was dropped, and a 3.2-liter V6 diesel was added. handling is quite agile.
2012 was the last year for the slow-selling R-Class.
standard. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 $7,000 - $7,700 2009 $13,000 - $18,300
Trouble Mercedes-Benz R-Class Trouble Mercedes-Benz S-Class
Spots 2010 $8,400 - $8,600 Spots 2010 $9,600 - $22,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,100 - $11,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $11,600 - $26,300
Engine, Major
* * * * 2012 $12,900 - $13,600 Engine, Major
* * * * * *5
0505
050 2012 $17,000 - $28,700
Engine Minor
* * * * * *5
0504
050 2013 $20,500 - $33,600
2014 - 2014 $39,900 - $57,200
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
0505
050
2015 $47,900 - $84,900
Trans. Major
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * *5
0305
050
2016 $49,900 - $101,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *3
0305
050 2017 $61,100 - $128,800
Drive System
* * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * *5
0505
050 2018 $76,600 - $156,200
Fuel System
* * * * Fuel System
* * * * * *5
0305
050
Electrical
Electrical
* * * * * *5
0505
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *5
0304
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * 2009 Good NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * *1
0305
050
2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * *4
0505
050 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
0505
050 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * *5
0305
050 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *1
0305
030 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * 2014 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * * *5
0305
050 2014 NT NT NT
2015 - 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * 2016 -
- - Power Equip.
* * * * * *5
0505
050
2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * *1
In-Car Electr. - - In-Car Electr. NT NT
0504
010
2017 - - - 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
0105
050 2018 NT NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
M WORSE BETTER
Mercedes-Benz SL Mercedes-Benz SLK, SLC
This premium two-seat roadster, with a folding hardtop, manages This two-seat convertible has many high-end technical and safety
to combine both sporty handling and a decent ride. The V8 engine features, including a power-folding hardtop. With the roof up it
is strong and responsive. Handling is agile, with direct steering. feels almost as solid as a fixed-roof coupe. Over the years, the SLK
Fit and finish and seat comfort are excellent. But the controls are continued to be fun to drive, with agile handling, a comfortable ride,
overly complicated. The 2007 redesign made the car sportier to and a strong V6. Optional warm-air vents in the head restraints
drive despite its size and weight. But the seven-speed automatic add comfort when driving with the top down on cool days. A 2012
was slow to downshift. Fit and finish and seat comfort is excellent. freshening included a new 3.5-liter V6 and seven-speed automatic,
2012 brought a whole new car that is wider and longer, with a host as well as a 1.8-liter turbo four-cylinder with a six-speed manual.
of high-tech safety features. Turbo V8 and V12 engines are offered, The small cabin is well finished, but narrow. The car’s 2017 redesign
as is an adjustable-opacity feature for the hard-top roof. Changes also brought a name change to SLC and four-cylinder and V6 turbo
for 2017 included styling updates and more horsepower for all of the engines.
engines.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2012. Safety Equipment: ABS and side air bags standard. ESC standard.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: Rear.
standard.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $18,000 - $23,300 2009 $8,700 - $15,600
Trouble Mercedes-Benz SL Trouble Mercedes-Benz SLK, SLC
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $9,800 - $17,300
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $21,800 - $31,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $12,100 - $14,400
Engine, Major
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2012 $25,800 - $41,200 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $14,600 - $26,400
Engine Minor
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2013 $32,800 - $46,200 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $16,000 - $29,900
2014 $38,900 - $61,100 2014 $19,800 - $35,000
Engine Cooling
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2015 $38,700 - $81,300
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $22,800 - $40,800
Trans. Major
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2016 $49,500 - $96,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $25,400 - $45,300
Trans. Minor
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2017 $65,000 - $116,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $37,100 - $44,300
Drive System
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2018 $83,100 - $135,400
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $43,600 - $52,900
Fuel System
* * * *5
0 * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
* * * *5
0 * * * * * Crash-Test Results
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * *5
0 * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * *4
0 * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * *1
0 * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * *5
0 * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * *2
0 * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT
* * * *4
0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0 2018 NT NT NT Verdict 2018 NT NT NT

M
Mercury Mariner Mercury Milan
The Mariner was a rebadged twin of the Ford Escape and Mazda This very good family sedan is a sibling of the Ford Fusion and
Tribute. Our tested Ford Escape had a roomy interior and great Lincoln Zephyr/MKZ. All three are based on a Mazda6 platform. The
visibility out of the large windows. Handling is relatively nimble. The ride is firm and controlled, and handling is alert and responsive. A
3.0-liter, 200-hp V6 serves up adequate acceleration. Fuel economy wide turning circle is a drawback. We preferred the leather seats,
was disappointing at just 18 mpg overall. A tip up in the government which were more supportive than the standard cloth seats. Rear-
rollover test is a concern, and the Escape also scored a poor in the seat space is fairly generous. The 2.3-liter, four-cylinder performs
IIHS side-crash test when tested without side and curtain air bags. adequately and returned 23 mpg overall in our tests, but it’s
A hybrid version of the Mariner attained 26 mpg in our tests. A noisy. The 3.0-liter V6 offers more zip. With its smooth, six-speed
freshened 2008 model had standard curtain air bags and, on non- automatic it averaged 20 mpg overall. A Hybrid version, added for
hybrid models, electronic stability control. 2011 was the last year for 2010, got 34 mpg overall in our tests. 2011 was the last year for the
the Mercury brand. Mercury brand.

Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags
standard. ESC available, standard from 2009. standard. ESC available, standard from 2010.

2009 $4,900 - $5,700 2009 $4,600 - $5,500
Trouble Mercury Mariner Trouble Mercury Milan
Spots 2010 $5,500 - $6,300 Spots 2010 $5,400 - $6,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,200 - $7,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,100 - $7,800
Engine, Major 3
0504
0505
0 2012 -
Engine Minor 2
0304
0304
0 2013 -
Engine Cooling 2014 - Engine Cooling 2014 -

3
0405
0 3
0505
0
2015 - 2015 -
Trans. Major 4
0504
0 Trans. Major 4
0505
0
2016 - 2016 -
Trans. Minor 2
0303
0 Trans. Minor 4
0404
0
2017 - 2017 -
Drive System 3
0304
0 Drive System 5
0305
0
2018 - 2018 -
Fuel System 2
0101
0 Fuel System 5
0303
0
Electrical 3
0504
0 Electrical 5
0505
0
Climate Syst. 2
0201
Climate Syst. 3
0302
Suspension 2
0305
0 Suspension 4
0401
0
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes 3
0404
0 Brakes 1
0302
0
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust 4
0203
0 Exhaust 4
0505
0
2011 Good 2/4 3/3 2011 Good 4/3 5/3
Paint/Trim 1
0101
0 2012 - Paint/Trim 3
0404
0 2012 -
- - - -
Noises & Leaks 1
0101
0 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks 2
0303
0 2013 - - -
Body Hardware 2
0103
0303
0 2014 - - -
Power Equip. 2015 - - - Power Equip. 2015 - - -

4
0405
0 4
0403
0
2016 - - - 2016 - - -
In-Car Electr. 4
053
0 In-Car Electr. 4
0403
0
2017 - - - 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0303
0 2018 - - - Verdict 3
0303
0 2018 - - -

1 2 3 4 5
M WORSE BETTER
Mini Cooper Mini Cooper Countryman
The Mini is fun to drive and has plenty of head and legroom up The four-door Countryman is a bigger pseudo-SUV version of the
front. It uses a small four-cylinder paired with a slick manual or a Mini. The quirky interior has well shaped and comfortable seats, and
responsive six-speed automatic. Handling is agile, with quick, precise some models had an intriguing but flimsy sliding storage rail system.
steering and very little body roll. The ride can be choppy. The base Early versions only sat four, but later versions added a three-person
engine lacks oomph, but the Cooper S, in early supercharged or rear seat. Sharing the quick steering and fantastic agility of other
later turbocharged form, is quick. The rear seat is tiny, and the Minis, the Countryman is undeniably fun to drive. Unfortunately,
stylized controls and gauges are a confusing jumble. The Clubman the familiar Mini downsides carry over to this one, too, including
arrived in 2008 with a small third door and useful back seats. The frustrating controls and a choppy ride. Power comes from a 1.6-liter
redesigned 2014 Cooper grew wider and longer, rides better, and has four-cylinder engine, either in standard 121-hp form or as a punchy
more normal controls. The base turbo three-cylinder is surprisingly turbocharged S model good for 184 hp. Only the S version offers
powerful, and the turbo four-cylinder in the S is strong. We got 31 all-wheel drive. The 2017 redesign brings a base 1.5-liter turbo three-
mpg with the base car, and 30 in the S. cylinder, and a 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder for the S.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side air bags standard. Head Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
protection air bags standard on hatchback. standard.

2009 $4,600 - $6,900 2009 -
Trouble Mini Cooper Trouble Mini Cooper Countryman
Spots 2010 $4,900 - $7,900 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,400 - $9,400 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,700 - $11,400
Engine, Major 1
0101
0103
0505
0505
050 2012 $6,100 - $12,300 Engine, Major
*1
0 *5
0505
0505
0 2012 $10,800 - $12,400
Engine Minor 1
0101
0101
0305
0305
050 2013 $7,000 - $16,900 Engine Minor
*1
0 *2
0505
0504
0 2013 $10,000 - $14,300
2014 $9,900 - $19,600 2014 $11,000 - $18,800
Engine Cooling 1
0101
0102
0205
0505
050
2015 $11,800 - $21,700
Engine Cooling
*1
0 *5
0505
0505
0
2015 $12,700 - $22,300
Trans. Major 2
0305
0205
0505
0505
050
2016 $13,800 - $23,200
Trans. Major
*1
0 *1
0405
0505
0
2016 $14,600 - $25,300
Trans. Minor 2
0405
0405
0505
0505
050 2017 $16,300 - $31,400
Trans. Minor
*1
0 *2
0504
0405
0 2017 $19,900 - $24,100
Drive System 4
0403
0305
0505
0405
050 2018 $18,800 - $36,100
Drive System
*5
0 *3
0505
0505
0 2018 $22,800 - $31,900
Fuel System 2
0101
0403
0404
0405
050 Fuel System
*1
0 *4
0505
0504
0
Electrical 1
0101
0101
0205
0405
Electrical
*1
0 *4
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0402
0203
0505
0304
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*5
0 *2
0505
0505
0 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0503
0504
0504
0305
050
2009 Good 4/4 5/4
Suspension
*4
0 *4
0505
0505
0
2009 - - -
Brakes 5
0301
0104
0104
0505
040 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes
*4
0 *3
0403
0505
0 2010 - - -
Exhaust 1
0205
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*5
0 *5
0505
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 3
0205
0104
0505
0405
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*1
0 *5
0505
0505
0 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 1
0101
0102
0504
0203
*4
0 *5
0405
0505
0 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 1
0105
0304
0305
0504
*1
0 *5
0504
0505
0 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 4/5 5/3 2015 Good
Power Equip. 1
0101
0101
0104
0404
050
2016
Power Equip.
*1
0 *3
0401
0505
0
2016
NT NT
Good 4/5 5/3 Good
*3
0 *4
4
052
0504
0505
0404
040 0504
0502
0
2017 Good 4/5 5/3 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0101
0104
0103
050 2018 Good 4/5 5/3 Verdict 1
0 1
0504
0403
0 2018 Good NT NT

M
Mitsubishi Eclipse Mitsubishi Endeavor
The Eclipse was available in a range of performance levels plus a The Endeavor competes reasonably well with other midsized SUVs of
front-wheel drive convertible. Base-engine versions were less than the era. Derived from the Galant sedan, it had a fairly comfortable,
sporty. Turbocharged models were quicker, smoother, and quieter. quiet ride and secure handling, but cornering wasn’t particularly
Based on the Galant sedan, the 2006 redesign eroded any true agile. The refined 3.8-liter V6 provided strong acceleration. Only
sporting credentials. Although the V6 was stronger and quieter consider models newer than 2008, in order to get the standard ESC.
than the lackluster four-cylinder, handling lacked agility and the car The AWD system is appropriate for snow and sand. Road noise is a
wasn’t fun to drive. A flawed driving position, poor outward visibility, bit pronounced. The interior was put together well, and visibility is
and virtually unusable rear seats were other detriments. Super-long good. The rear seat is spacious, and the seatback is easy to fold to
doors make access difficult, and the convertible’s softtop creates expand the cargo area. The Endeavor was discontinued after the
giant blind spots when raised. 2012 was the Eclipse’s last model year. 2011 model year.

Safety Equipment: ABS and side air bags standard. Head protection Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
air bags standard on hatchback. ESC available from 2008, standard standard.
from 2010. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $5,200 - $7,300 2009 -
Trouble Mitsubishi Eclipse Trouble Mitsubishi Endeavor
Spots 2010 $5,400 - $7,800 Spots 2010 $5,700 - $7,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,900 - $8,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,100 - $8,100
Engine, Major
* * * * 2012 $6,500 - $9,100 Engine, Major
* * * 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * 2013 -
2014 - 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * 2015 -
Trans. Major
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * 2016 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * Fuel System
* * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * 2009 Good NT NT
Suspension
* * * 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * 2010 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * 2014 - - - Body Hardware
* * * 2014 - - -
2015 - 2015 -
Power Equip.
* * * * 2016 -
- - Power Equip.
* * * 2016 -
- -
* * * * * * *
2017 - - - 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 - - - Verdict 2018 - - -

1 2 3 4 5
M WORSE BETTER
Mitsubishi Galant Mitsubishi Lancer
The Galant has always trailed the competition from Honda, Mazda, The Lancer is an unimpressive compact sedan. Earlier versions had
Subaru, and Toyota. Handling wasn’t agile, the four-cylinder engine uncomfortable seats, clumsy handling, and an unsettled ride. A
was spirited but noisy, and the ride was choppy and stiff even on 2008 redesign brought great improvements, including a decent ride
smooth pavement. The V6 was unimpressive. A wide turning circle and handling that’s fairly agile. Its 2.0-liter four-cylinder has good
made parking awkward. The GTS V6 model was very quick, but acceleration but the engine is sluggish from a stop, tends to moan
suffered from too much torque steer. The front seats are fairly at high revs, and returns uncompetitive fuel economy. The cabin is
comfortable, especially for taller drivers. Some, however, complained furnished with drab plastics, but the controls are simple to use. The
of deteriorating support over longer drives. Rear seat width is sporty, AWD Ralliart is quick and agile but it’s noisier, has a stiff
sufficient for three average sized adults, and there is ample legroom. ride, and its automated manual transmission is annoying during all
V6 versions were discontinued in 2010. 2012 was the Galant’s last but the most spirited drives. The high-performance Evolution is a
model year. turbocharged all-wheel-drive rally car for the road that is furiously
fast, but grating to live with on a daily basis. The Lancer has been
Redesign/Freshening: 2004. discontinued from 2018.
Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags
standard. ESC standard from 2010. Redesign/Freshening: 2008.
Drive Wheels: Front. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
ESC standard from 2010.

2009 $4,400 - $5,800 2009 $4,100 - $6,400
Trouble Mitsubishi Galant Trouble Mitsubishi Lancer
Spots 2010 $4,700 - $5,100 Spots 2010 $4,400 - $18,900
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,300 - $5,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $4,800 - $20,100
Engine, Major
* * * * 2012 $5,900 - $6,300 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2012 $5,000 - $22,200
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2013 $5,500 - $25,100
2014 - 2014 $6,900 - $26,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * 2015 $8,200 - $30,200
Trans. Major
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * 2016 $10,600 - $13,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $13,100 - $15,900
Drive System
* * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * 2009 Good 4/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * 2009 Good 5/4 5/4
Brakes
* * * * 2010 Good 4/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2010 Good 5/4 5/4
Exhaust
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/3
Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/3
Body Hardware
* * * * 2014 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/3
2015 - 2015 Good 5/4 5/3
Power Equip.
* * * * 2016
- - Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * 2016
- Good 5/4 5/3
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/4 5/3
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 - - - Verdict 2018 - - -

M
Mitsubishi Mirage Mitsubishi Outlander
Mitsubishi’s tiny, Thailand-built subcompact seems like an act of Mitsubishi’s small SUV alternates between mediocrity and
desperation, dressing a primitive Asia-market car with some upscale competitiveness. The original Outlander was noisy and slow,
toys and calling it a day. Good points include a decent-enough ride, and its 2.4-liter four-cylinder was thirsty. Handling was clumsy. A
frugal 37-mpg fuel economy, and an accommodating rear seat. The 2007 redesign considerably improved the Outlander, making it a
up-level ES also brings a fancy radio, push-button start, auto climate competitive small SUV. Originally available only with a punchy V6,
system and Bluetooth. However, the weak, vibrating, and incredibly a four-cylinder mated to a CVT arrived in 2008, returning 22 mpg
noisy three-cylinder engine provides sluggish acceleration, handling overall. Agile handling gave the Outlander a sporty feel. An optional
is very clumsy with a lot of body lean, and the cabin is depressingly third-row seat was unusual for the class. A 2014 redesign stripped
low-rent. Further lowering its standing is its poor score in the IIHS the Outlander of any athleticism, making it feel dated and cut-
small-overlap crash test. The 2017 model included updated styling rate. Emphasizing utility on a budget, the third-row seat became
and four more horsepower. standard.
Redesign/Freshening: 2014. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014, 2016.

standard. standard.

2009 - 2009 $4,500 - $6,200
Trouble Mitsubishi Mirage Trouble Mitsubishi Outlander
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $5,500 - $7,300
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,000 - $8,200
Engine, Major
* * * * * 2012 - Engine, Major
* *5
0 * * *5
0505
050 2012 $6,300 - $9,900
Engine Minor
* * * * * 2013 - Engine Minor
* *2
0 * * *3
0405
050 2013 $7,700 - $12,100
2014 $5,500 - $5,900 2014 $8,900 - $13,800
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2015 $6,000 - $6,600
Engine Cooling
* *5
0 * * *5
0505
050
2015 $10,500 - $16,200
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* *5
0 * * *3
0505
050
2016 $13,000 - $18,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2017 $9,100 - $10,300
Trans. Minor
* *4
0 * * *1
0505
050 2017 $14,800 - $20,500
Drive System
* * * * * 2018 $9,600 - $11,800
Drive System
* *3
0 * * *5
0505
050 2018 $16,600 - $30,800
Fuel System
* *3
0 * * *5
0505
050
Electrical
Electrical
* *5
0 * * *4
0505
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *5
0 * * *3
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * 2009 - - -
Suspension
* *2
0 * * *5
0501
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes
* *1
0 * * *1
0105
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
* *1
0 * * *4
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
* *1
0 * * *4
0105
050 2012 Good 4/3 5/4
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* *2
0 * * *1
0505
050 2013 Good 4/3 5/4
Body Hardware
* * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* *4
0 * * *4
0105
050 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
2015 Good 4/4 5/5 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * 2016
Power Equip.
* *1
0 * * *1
0505
050
2016
Good 4/4 5/5 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * * * 2017 Good 4/4 5/4
In-Car Electr.
* *5
0 * * *2
0305
050
2017 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 Good 4/4 5/4 Verdict 2
0 1
0305
050 2018 Good 4/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
M WORSE BETTER
Mitsubishi Outlander Sport Nissan Altima
The Outlander Sport is a chopped version of the small Outlander The well-rounded 2007-13 Altima was a decent car: roomy,
SUV, with reduced rear-seat and cargo space. Despite the name comfortable riding, and fuel efficient. A 2010 freshening brought
this is not a fun car to drive. It handles less nimbly than the larger standard ESC, previously an option. As before, the four-cylinder
Outlander, and acceleration from the 148-hp, 2.0-liter engine is 2.5 S model performed well and averaged 26 mpg. The powerful
adequate at best. A choppy ride and a very noisy cabin further V6 got 24 mpg. A hybrid, dropped after 2011, got 32 mpg. The 2013
undermine the experience. Still, it retains the high seating position redesign saw the four-cylinder get even thriftier, returning 31 mpg
and some of the passenger-and-cargo versatility of its larger overall; the V6 got 24 mpg. Handling is rather ordinary and the ride
brand-mate. All-wheel drive comes only with the top-trim version. feel superficially soft, but over sharp bumps the suspension loses its
2016 updates include a redesigned steering wheel, a 6.1-inch audio absorbency. Controls are easy to use, but the infotainment system
display, and new fabric for the seats. is dated. The rear seat is fairly roomy. For 2018, forward collision
warning and automatic emergency braking are standard.
standard. Safety Equipment: ABS and side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. standard. ESC available, standard from 2010.

2009 - 2009 $5,000 - $7,000
Trouble Mitsubishi Outlander Trouble Nissan Altima
Spots Sport 2010 - Spots 2010 $5,400 - $7,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,600 - $7,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,000 - $8,500
Engine, Major 5
0 * * *5
0505
050 2012 $7,100 - $8,200 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $6,600 - $9,500
Engine Minor 0 *
2 * *3
0405
050 2013 $7,800 - $11,000 Engine Minor 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,300 - $10,600
2014 $9,300 - $11,400 2014 $9,700 - $12,900
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 * *5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $10,400 - $14,600 2015 $11,700 - $15,100
Trans. Major 0 *
5 * *3
0505
050 Trans. Major 2
0503
0502
0305
0405
050
2016 $12,500 - $17,700 2016 $13,000 - $17,300
Trans. Minor 0 *
4 * *1
0505
050 2017 $13,200 - $19,000
Trans. Minor 3
0404
0403
0404
0405
050 2017 $14,600 - $18,600
Drive System 0 *
3 * *5
0505
050 2018 $14,500 - $19,100
Drive System 4
0503
0504
0504
0505
050 2018 $16,200 - $20,200
Fuel System 0 *
3 * *5
0505
050 Fuel System 4
0503
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 0 *
5 * *4
0505
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 0 *
5 * *3
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0301
0401
0303
0505
Suspension 0 *
2 * *5
0501
050 Suspension 2
0303
0403
0504
0505
050
2009 - - - 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 0 *
1 * *1
0105
050 2010
Brakes 3
0203
0403
0404
0505
050 2010
- - - Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust 0 *
1 * *4
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/4 4/5
Paint/Trim 0 *
1 * *4
0105
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/4 Paint/Trim 2
0304
0303
0303
0504
050 2012 Good 4/4 4/5
Noises & Leaks 0 *
2 * *1
0505
0201
0103
0102
0502
050 2013 Good 5/4 4/5
Body Hardware 0 *
4 * *4
0105
0403
0504
0304
0505
050 2014 Good 5/4 4/5
2015 Good 4/4 5/5 2015 Good 5/4 3/5
Power Equip. 0 *
1 * *1
0505
050 Power Equip. 2
0303
0404
0203
0505
050
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 3/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 * *2
0305
044
0204
0204
0505
050
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 3/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0 1
0305
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0403
0503
0303
0405
050 2018 Good 5/4 3/5

N
Nissan Armada Nissan Cube
Based on the Titan pickup, the big Armada can seat up to eight. The Cube is a funky-looking runabout, tall and boxy with a
Unlike the Titan, it features an independent rear suspension, which cavernous interior. Whimsical interior details target the young but
improves the ride considerably. The smooth-revving (but noisy) 305- easy access makes it a viable option for buyers of any age who find
hp, 5.6-liter V8 engine coupled with a slick five-speed automatic it hard to climb in and out of more conventional cars. Acceleration
makes the Armada quick, but it returns just 13 mpg overall. Handling from the 122-hp, 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine is disappointingly
is relatively responsive, but the ride is quite stiff. The interior quality slow. We measured 28 mpg with the continuously variable
is unimpressive, but there’s lots of rear cargo space. Towing capacity transmission. A six-speed manual is also available. The Cube rides
is generous. The 2017 redesign uses a robust 390-hp, 5.6-liter V8. We fairly comfortably, but handling is rather clumsy and road noise is
got a paltry 14 mpg overall, however. The soft suspension absorbs pronounced. Stopping distances are unimpressive, too. Overall, it
bumps well, but the body jostles frequently. Handling is clumsy, with trails some other box-like competitors, such as the Scion xB and Kia
slow steering and pronounced body roll. The spacious cabin has a Soul. The Cube was dropped after 2014.
premium feel, but the controls are a bit dated and cluttered, and
it’s a far reach to some buttons and knobs. The Armada can tow a Redesign/Freshening: 2009.
generous 8,500-pound load. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2017. Drive Wheels: Front.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and head protection air bags
standard. Side air bags available, standard from 2010.

2009 $8,200 - $10,100 2009 $4,800 - $5,800
Trouble Nissan Armada Trouble Nissan Cube
Spots 2010 $9,300 - $13,000 Spots 2010 $5,200 - $6,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,400 - $15,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,600 - $7,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2012 $11,800 - $17,500 Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2012 $6,100 - $7,000
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2013 $13,600 - $20,400 Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2013 $7,200 - $7,800
2014 $17,000 - $23,700 2014 $8,400 - $9,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * 2015 $18,500 - $28,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2015 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $26,000 - $38,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2018 $29,000 - $43,000
Drive System
* * * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * 2009 NT 5/4 NT
Suspension
* * * * * * 2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2010 NT 5/4 NT
Brakes
* * * * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 NT 2015 -
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * 2016 -
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * 2016 -
- -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2017 NT NT NT 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 NT 3/4 5/5 Verdict 2018 - - -

1 2 3 4 5
N WORSE BETTER
Nissan Frontier Nissan Juke
The Frontier is relatively quick and nimble, with a still-stiff though The funky-looking Juke is a quasi-SUV derived from the small Nissan
tolerable ride. The strong 4.0-liter V6 revs smoothly and feels like a Versa. It’s got the raised ride height and optional all-wheel drive
V8. We chalked up an unimpressive 15 mpg overall. Base models are of an SUV but the steeply raked rear quarter of a hatchback. Our
powered by a 2.5-liter four-cylinder. Transmissions include five- and testers all enjoyed driving it but the very tight rear seats and the
six-speed manuals and a five-speed automatic. All Frontiers of this trifling cargo space behind them limit its usefulness. Nimble handling
generation are either crew- or extended-cab but rear seat room is and punchy power from the 1.6-liter turbo four-cylinder make it
tight in both. An optional longer (six-foot) bed arrived for 2007, but fun and agile. Fuel economy of 24 mpg overall isn’t bad for an all-
the tailgate is quite heavy. There weren’t any major changes to the wheel-drive vehicle but the need for premium fuel is a downer. As in
Frontier after that. some sporty hatchbacks, a noisy cabin and stiff ride come with the
territory. The Juke scored a Poor in the IIHS small-overlap crash test.
Redesign/Freshening: 2005. It was dropped after the 2017 model year.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC and side and head
protection air bags available, standard from 2010. Redesign/Freshening: 2011.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.

2009 $6,800 - $13,700 2009 -
Trouble Nissan Frontier Trouble Nissan Juke
Spots 2010 $7,100 - $14,800 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,300 - $15,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,000 - $8,200
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $8,000 - $17,400 Engine, Major
* *5
0 * * * * 2012 $7,800 - $9,300
Engine Minor 4
0505
0404
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,600 - $18,900 Engine Minor
* *4
0 * * * * 2013 $8,500 - $11,000
2014 $10,800 - $22,000 2014 $10,200 - $14,400
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $12,400 - $23,600
Engine Cooling
* *5
0 * * * * 2015 $12,000 - $15,900
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $13,900 - $24,700
Trans. Major
* *5
0 * * * * 2016 $13,300 - $17,900
Trans. Minor 5
0503
0505
0405
0505
050 2017 $15,600 - $26,600
Trans. Minor
* *5
0 * * * * 2017 $14,800 - $19,200
Drive System 1
0305
0504
0304
0405
050 2018 $15,700 - $27,600
Drive System
* *3
0 * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System 4
0101
0303
0505
0404
050 Fuel System
* *3
0 * * * *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
* *5
0 * * * * Crash-Test Results
Climate Syst. 5
0405
0504
0205
0305
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* *5
0 * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 5
0505
0305
0505
0505
050
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension
* *5
0 * * * * 2009 - - -
Brakes 5
0204
0405
0404
0405
050 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* *5
0 * * * * 2010 - - -
Exhaust 5
0405
0404
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
0 * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0405
0104
0505
0405
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* *5
0 * * * * 2012 Good 4/3 4/5
Noises & Leaks 4
0305
0101
0403
0302
* *5
0 * * * * 2013 Good 4/3 4/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0305
0505
* *5
0 * * * * 2014 Good 4/3 4/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 4/3 4/5
Power Equip. 2
0504
0505
0405
0405
050
2016
NT NT Power Equip.
* *5
0 * * * * 2016
Good Good 4/3 4/5
* *5
0 * * * *
4
0404
0505
0504
0305
050
2017 Good 3/2 5/5 2017 Good 4/3 NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0405
0305
0303
0 2018 - - -

N
Nissan Leaf Nissan Maxima
This five-seat, electric-powered car has a 75-mile typical range. This long-running sedan was redesigned for 2009. It has a composed
In our 2011 test of the Leaf, a full charge took 6 hours using a 240- ride, quite cabin, and a slick powertrain that makes it very quick.
volt outlet or 16 hours using 120 volts. Since our test, charge times Controls are simple and the front seats are comfortable. However,
have been shortened through updates to the car. At low speeds the the steering is oddly weighted, the low roof inhibits visibility, and
Leaf feels quick and it is quiet and rides comfortably. Cabin access rear-seat room is unimpressive. In 2016 the Maxima was again
is easy, and the rear seat is fairly roomy. We measured 3.16 miles redesigned, and the highlight is its 3.5-liter V6. The continuously
per kWh, the equivalent of 106 mpg. Running costs are extremely variable transmission works well for loafing around, but it saps any
low: 3.5 cents per mile at the national average of 11 cents per kWh. aspirations of sporty driving. Handling is mundane, and the ride is
Standard features include a heated steering wheel and seats. 2013 too stiff. The interior is plush and has easy-to-use controls and a
brought a faster onboard charger and a cheaper S version. The Leaf fairly straightforward infotainment system. A low roofline inhibits
scored Poor in the IIHS small-overlap crash test, the result applies to access and visibility. The front seats are very comfortable but the
2013-2017 models. rear cabin is rather cramped.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard. standard.

2009 - 2009 $6,700 - $7,000
Trouble Nissan Leaf Trouble Nissan Maxima
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $7,300 - $7,800
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $4,200 - $4,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,100 - $8,700
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $4,900 - $5,400 Engine, Major 5
0405
0505
050 5
050 * 2012 $8,900 - $9,700
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $6,500 - $7,900 Engine Minor 4
0505
0305
050 5
050 * 2013 $9,700 - $10,900
2014 $8,200 - $10,400 2014 $11,800 - $13,900
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
050 *
2015 $9,700 - $12,000 2015 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 4
0205
0504
050 5
050 *
2016 $10,700 - $14,900 2016 $17,300 - $20,900
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $15,100 - $17,500
Trans. Minor 2
0203
0505
050 4
050 * 2017 $19,000 - $24,100
Drive System 2
0405
0505
0105
050 2018 $18,800 - $21,500
Drive System 4
0402
0505
050 5
040 * 2018 $21,100 - $27,300
Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 4
0502
0303
040 4
050 *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 4
0505
0505
040 5
Climate Syst. 4
0105
0101
0205
Climate Syst. 1
0305
0205
050 5
Suspension 4
0405
0505
0505
040 Suspension 1
0203
0102
020 5
050 *
2009 - - - 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 5
0405
0505
0205
050 2010
Brakes 2
0305
0201
050 4
050 * 2010
- - - Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0305
050 5
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0505
0105
0505
050 2012 Good 4/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 4
0503
0502
040 4
050 * 2012 Good 4/2 3/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0503
0505
0103
0205
040 5
040 * 2013 Good 4/2 3/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0405
0305
0505
030 5
050 * 2014 Good 4/2 3/5
2015 Good 5/3 5/3 2015 -
Power Equip. 5
0105
0505
0505
050 Power Equip. 1
0504
0101
010 5
050 * - -
2016 Good 5/3 5/3 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0505
0405
0503
035
0105
020 4
020 *
2017 Good 5/3 5/3 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0305
0404
0105
0304
0303
030 4
040 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
N WORSE BETTER
Nissan Murano Nissan Pathfinder
The Murano’s refined and powerful 3.5-liter V6 is mated to a CVT The 2005-12 Pathfinder was a truck through and through. It had
and delivers strong performance and respectable fuel economy. an available third-row seat, a muscular if thirsty 4.0-liter V6, and
Handling is responsive, secure, and forgiving with optional stability a tough-truck demeanor. The ride was too stiff, though, and the
control. A stiff and noisy ride is a significant drawback. The front third-row seat was suitable only for kids. For 2013 a new Pathfinder
seats are fairly comfortable and the interior is stylishly dressed. arrived, built on a car-based chassis. It lost its off-road readiness
Although access is easy and the seating is roomy, cargo space is but gained a better ride and a roomier interior. Power comes from
limited. The 2009 redesign brought a more comfortable ride, a Nissan’s ubiquitous, good-performing 3.5-liter V6 driving through
nicer interior, and standard ESC. Expect 19 mpg overall. Subsequent a CVT. This SUV can tow 5,000 pounds and has a second row that
redesigns made the Murano more luxurious. Through the years, one can move forward even with a child seat installed, allowing access
constant remained: limited rear visibility. A total redesign for 2015 to the small third-row seat. Mushy handling and so-so fuel economy
gave the Murano a quiet, well-finished cabin. Handling isn’t very are shortcomings. Updates for 2015 included optional blind spot
sporty, but the ride is steady and absorbent on the 18-inch wheels. warning, while 2017 brought a new 3.5-liter V6 engine, revised
suspension system, and more advanced safety features.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; Front; Rear.

2009 $6,200 - $7,600 2009 $6,200 - $9,500
Trouble Nissan Murano Trouble Nissan Pathfinder
Spots 2010 $6,400 - $9,000 Spots 2010 $7,300 - $11,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,400 - $10,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,100 - $12,700
Engine, Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $8,700 - $11,700 Engine, Major
* * * *5
0505
05 0 *
05 2012 $9,500 - $14,100
Engine Minor 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,300 - $14,100 Engine Minor
* * * *4
0505
05 0 *
05 2013 $10,700 - $15,900
2014 $12,100 - $16,700 2014 $12,000 - $18,500
Engine Cooling 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $15,500 - $21,500
Engine Cooling
* * * *4
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 $13,900 - $21,900
Trans. Major 4
0404
0404
0504
0505
050
2016 $17,600 - $24,200
Trans. Major
* * * *2
0102
04 0 *
05
2016 $15,700 - $24,600
Trans. Minor 4
0404
0504
0504
0505
050 2017 $19,200 - $27,200
Trans. Minor
* * * *4
0103
01 0 *
04 2017 $18,100 - $29,200
Drive System 4
0303
0405
0405
0505
050 2018 $21,300 - $30,200
Drive System
* * * *4
0402
05 0 *
05 2018 $21,900 - $32,700
Fuel System 1
0205
0505
0405
0505
050 Fuel System
* * * *5
0505
05 0 *
05
Electrical 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
* * * *5
0505
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 4
0201
0305
0504
0404
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * *4
0301
04 0 *
04 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 3
0303
0403
0405
0504
050
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension
* * * *4
0305
05 0 *
04
2009 Good 4/4 NT
Brakes 1
0405
0405
0504
0505
050 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * *2
0404
04 0 *
05 2010 Good 4/4 NT
Exhaust 2
0303
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/3 5/4
Exhaust
* * * *5
0505
05 0 *
05 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0505
0505
0404
0404
* * * *2
0201
03 0 *
04 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 1
0302
0403
0404
0305
* * * *3
0201
01 0 *
05 2013 Good 5/3 5/5
Body Hardware 3
0504
0505
0503
0404
* * * *2
0304
04 0 *
05 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
2015 Good 5/3 5/5 2015 Good 4/5 5/5
Power Equip. 4
0404
0403
0303
0504
050
2016
Power Equip.
* * * *1
0304
03 0 *
05
2016
Good 4/4 5/5 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
013
0404
0504
0404
050
2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * * *1
0503
05 0 *
02
2017 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0304
0405
0403
0503
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 2
0101
0203
0 2018 Good 4/5 5/5

N
Nissan Quest Nissan Rogue
The roomy and comfortable Quest received a 2007 freshening, The first-generation Nissan Rogue ran from 2008 through 2013.
which improved the formerly confusing dashboard layout. 2009 was While it was a handy compact size, the cargo area was pretty puny
the last model year for that generation but an all-new Quest arrived and styling impeded the view aft. The 170-hp, 2.5-liter, four-cylinder
for 2011. It’s exceptionally spacious, a luxurious vehicle with a quiet, engine sounded a bit raspy at high revs, but averaged a respectable
plush interior and smooth, compliant ride. Handling is sound but not 22 mpg. The ride is supple and handling fairly nimble. . The 2014
sporty. Both rear rows fold flat to form a flush load floor. However, redesign made the Rogue bigger and better: quiet and refined and
it only has seating for seven at the most, not eight like many with a better ride than most other small SUVs. The CVT transmission
competitors. A covered bay behind the third-row seat can hide bags became less intrusive by mimicking shifts and the SUV got 24 mpg
and cargo, a small but clever feature. A blind-spot detection system overall in our testing. Controls are very easy to use and access is a
was optional. The Quest was ended after 2017. breeze. A clever surround-view system was also available. Updates
for 2016 included available automatic emergency braking and
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2011. forward collision warning. A hybrid version and more advanced
Safety Equipment: ABS and head protection air bags standard. ESC safety features were new for 2017.
and side air bags available, standard starting from 2011.
Drive Wheels: Front. Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2014.
standard.

2009 $4,500 - $5,400 2009 $5,300 - $6,100
Trouble Nissan Quest Trouble Nissan Rogue
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $5,800 - $6,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,500 - $11,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,300 - $7,500
Engine, Major
* *5
0 * * * * * 2012 $7,600 - $11,600 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $7,300 - $9,000
Engine Minor
* *2
0 * * * * * 2013 $9,000 - $14,000 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,200 - $10,400
2014 $10,200 - $16,500 2014 $11,200 - $13,800
Engine Cooling
* *5
0 * * * * * 2015 $12,200 - $20,700
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $12,600 - $16,400
Trans. Major
* *1
0 * * * * * 2016 $13,300 - $22,900
Trans. Major 2
0201
0304
0405
0505
050
2016 $13,800 - $18,100
Trans. Minor
* *1
0 * * * * * 2017 $15,700 - $25,300
Trans. Minor 1
0303
0405
0505
0505
050 2017 $15,200 - $22,500
Drive System
* *2
0 * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System 1
0303
0204
0505
0505
050 2018 $17,100 - $23,800
Fuel System
* *2
0 * * * * * Fuel System 1
0505
0505
0405
0505
050
Electrical
* *4
0 * * * * * Crash-Test Results
Electrical 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* *1
0 * * * * * Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 1
0203
0402
0103
0505
050 Model Offset
yr.
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *4
0 * * * * * 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension 2
0102
0402
0505
0204
050
2009 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
* *4
0 * * * * * 2010 - - -
Brakes 3
0301
0505
0404
0505
050 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust
* *4
0 * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/3 5/4
Paint/Trim
* *1
0 * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 2
0505
0304
0304
0504
050 2012 Good 4/3 5/4
Noises & Leaks
* *4
0 * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 2
0101
0104
0102
0205
040 2013 Good 4/3 5/4
Body Hardware
* *1
0 * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware 4
0505
0504
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 3/2 5/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 4/3 5/5
Power Equip.
* *1
0 * * * * * 2016
0304
0104
0503
0405
050
2016
Good Good 4/3 5/5
* *5
0 * * * * *
043
0505
0103
0404
040
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/3 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0 2018 - - - Verdict 1
0303
0304
0303
0304
030 2018 Good 4/3 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
N WORSE BETTER
Nissan Rogue Sport Nissan Sentra
Measuring a foot shorter than the familiar Rogue, the new Rogue The Sentra was redesigned in 2007, which included a roomy rear
Sport gives Nissan a smaller SUV to bridge the gap between the seat, a civilized and quiet ride, and easy cabin access. Handling
Juke and Rogue. All trims use the same pleasant, though not is sound with ESC, but without it the Sentra can fishtail too easily.
overly-powerful, 141-hp, 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine mated to Despite a rich list of readily available features such as iPod control,
a continuously variable transmission, which returned 26 mpg in the Sentra has simple controls. A redesign for 2013 diminished
our testing. The Sport handles responsively and rides in a civilized steering feel, and left the ride below par. Equipment levels are
manner, with cabin noise kept to reasonable levels. Connectivity good but the interior feels cheap and the engine is a bit noisy. Fuel
features include the available NissanConnect navigation/app economy with the CVT rose to a respectable 29 mpg overall. A
system with a 7.0-inch color touch screen and Siri Eyes Free. Plus, freshening for 2016 brought a tweaked suspension, slightly reworked
the Sport offers a 360-degree view camera, which is helpful for CVT, and other modest enhancements in an attempt to reduce
negotiating tight parking spaces. Versions built in mid-2018 model noise. Updates for 2018 included standard automatic emergency
year included standard automatic emergency braking and forward braking and forward collision warning on automatic transmission-
collision warning. These systems were only optional on earlier Sports. equipped models, and optional blind spot warning.

standard. ESC available in 2010, standard from 2011.

2009 - 2009 $4,800 - $5,400
Trouble Nissan Rogue Sport Trouble Nissan Sentra
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $5,100 - $6,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,600 - $6,800
Engine, Major 5
0 * 2012 - Engine, Major
*505
0505
0504
05 0 *
05 2012 $5,800 - $7,000
Engine Minor 0 *
*405
0504
0505
03 0 *
05 2013 $5,800 - $7,000
2014 - 2014 $7,300 - $8,800
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 Engine Cooling
*505
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 - 2015 $9,700 - $11,700
Trans. Major 0 *
5 Trans. Major
*404
0301
0502
04 0 *
05
2016 - 2016 $10,800 - $13,200
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 2017 $15,500 - $19,500
Trans. Minor
*504
0101
0403
05 0 *
05 2017 $11,900 - $16,700
Drive System 0 *
5 2018 $16,300 - $21,400
Drive System
*204
0301
0503
03 0 *
05 2018 $12,200 - $18,600
Fuel System 0 *
5 Fuel System
*204
0503
0503
05 0 *
04
Electrical 0 *
Electrical
*205
0505
0505
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 0 *
Climate Syst.
*502
0503
0503
05 0 *
yrs frontal yrs frontal
Suspension 0 *
5 Suspension
*301
0403
0505
03 0 *
04
2009 - - - 2009 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes 0 *
5 2010
Brakes
*305
0301
0403
05 0 *
05 2010
- - - Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust 0 *
5 2011 - - -
Exhaust
*102
0505
0505
04 0 *
05 2011 Good 4/3 5/2
Paint/Trim 0 *
4 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
*401
0501
0201
04 0 *
05 2012 Good 4/3 5/2
Noises & Leaks 0 *
*204
0501
0403
01 0 *
05 2013 Good 4/3 5/5
Body Hardware 0 *
*504
0503
0503
04 0 *
05 2014 Good 4/3 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 0 *
5 - - Power Equip.
*203
0402
0502
05 0 *
05
2016 - 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 - - In-Car Electr.
* 55
0401
0501
04 0 *
05
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0 2018 NT 5/2 5/5 Verdict 3
0304
0105
0102
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

N
Nissan Titan Nissan Versa
Nissan’s full-sized pickup has a large cabin, is relatively agile, has a Nissan’s subcompact Versa comes in both hatchback and sedan
fairly comfortable ride, and a very smooth transmission. The crew versions. It packs an impressively roomy rear seat and its tall roofline
cab’s cargo bed is fairly small compared and payload capacity was allows easy access. The 1.8- liter, four-cylinder engine is relatively
a meager 1,105 pounds in our tested version; it was raised in later refined, but needs to be revved high to deliver power. We found the
models. The V8 provides strong acceleration, but the engine and ride relatively comfortable and quiet, but handling wasn’t a strong
exhaust noise can become tiresome. A 2008 freshening included suit. Antilock brakes were rare in early models. The 2012 redesign of
styling updates and a long-bed version. Still, interior fit and finish the sedan was a disappointment, eroding the previous car’s budget-
is lackluster and neither a standard cab nor different engines are plush feel with a noisy and blatantly cheap interior and a so-so ride.
available. The 2017 redesign comes with a smooth and punchy gas The 2014 hatchback redesign, dubbed the Versa Note, brought a
5.6-liter V8 and a slick seven-speed automatic. A V6 engine is also roomier cabin and livelier handling, and is the more pleasant version.
available. The ride is tolerable and handling is secure. The cabin is
roomy and has plenty of storage space. Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2012.
Safety Equipment: Side and head protection air bags standard. ABS
Redesign/Freshening: 2004, 2017. available, standard from 2010. ESC available from 2010, standard
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC, side and head protection air from 2012.
bags available, standard from 2010. Drive Wheels: Front.

2009 $7,400 - $13,900 2009 $3,600 - $4,400
Trouble Nissan Titan Trouble Nissan Versa
Spots 2010 $8,600 - $15,500 Spots 2010 $3,900 - $4,800
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,800 - $17,500 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $4,100 - $5,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * 5
0 * 2012 $11,300 - $18,600 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $5,100 - $5,900
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * 0 *
4 2013 $11,900 - $21,100 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $5,300 - $6,200
2014 $13,900 - $23,300 2014 $5,500 - $6,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * 0 *
3
2015 $17,000 - $25,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $6,900 - $8,500
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * 0 *
5
2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $8,900 - $10,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * 0 *
4 2017 $17,300 - $34,800
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $10,900 - $12,600
Drive System
* * * * * * * 0 *
5 2018 $20,700 - $38,200
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $11,300 - $13,200
Fuel System
* * * * * * * 0 *
5 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
* * * * * * * 0 *
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * 0 *
3 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * 0 *
5
2009 Good 5/4 NT
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 Good 4/4 4/4
Brakes
* * * * * * * 0 *
5 2010 Good 5/4 NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 Good 4/4 4/4
Exhaust
* * * * * * * 0 *
4 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 Good 3/2 2/2
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * 0 *
4 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 Good 4/3 3/4
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * 0 *
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 Good 4/3 3/4
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * 0 *
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 Good 4/3 3/4
2015 Good 2015 Good 4/3 3/4
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * 0 *
4
2016
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016
- Good 4/3 4/4
* * * * * * * 0 * * * * * * * * * * *
5
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 Good 4/3 NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0 2018 Good 4/5 5/5 Verdict 2018 Good 4/3 4/4

1 2 3 4 5
N WORSE BETTER
Nissan Versa Hatchback, Note Nissan Xterra
Nissan’s subcompact Versa comes in both hatchback and sedan The Nissan Xterra is based on Nissan’s Frontier pickup, and was
versions. It packs an impressively roomy rear seat and its tall roofline made to be a rugged, basic, truck-like SUV that served as a less-
allows easy access. The 1.8- liter, four-cylinder engine is relatively expensive alternative to the Pathfinder. It boasted a large cargo
refined, but needs to be revved high to deliver power. The standard area but a fairly skimpy load capacity. Highs include good off-
six-speed manual is a bit clunky. We found the ride relatively roading and towing ability. But the ride, handling, braking, and fuel
comfortable and quiet, but handling wasn’t a strong suit. Antilock economy are subpar. A 2005 redesign was larger in all dimensions
brakes were rare in early models. The 2012 redesign of the sedan and more civilized while retaining the off-road capability. The strong
was a disappointment, eroding the previous car’s budget-plush feel 4.0-liter V6 engine delivers quick acceleration, but overall mileage is
with a noisy and blatantly cheap interior and a so-so ride. The 2014 just 17 mpg. The four-wheel-drive system is still part-time only. 2015
hatchback redesign, dubbed the Versa Note, brought a roomier was the Xterra’s final year.
cabin and livelier handling, and is relatively quiet.
Redesign/Freshening: 2007, 2014. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
Safety Equipment: Side and head protection air bags standard. ABS standard.
available, standard from 2010. ESC available from 2010, standard Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.
from 2012.

2009 $4,000 - $5,300 2009 $6,200 - $8,000
Trouble Nissan Versa Hatchback, Trouble Nissan Xterra
Spots Note 2010 $4,500 - $5,900 Spots 2010 $7,500 - $9,700
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,000 - $6,400 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,600 - $11,700
Engine, Major 5
0505
050 5
0505
0 * * 2012 $5,400 - $7,200 Engine, Major
* * *5
0 * *5
0 2012 $10,000 - $15,500
Engine Minor 5
0105
050 5
05 0 *
04 * 2013 - Engine Minor
* * *3
0 * *4
0 2013 $12,600 - $17,800
2014 $5,800 - $7,500 2014 $13,800 - $20,200
Engine Cooling 5
0505
050 5
05 0 *
05 * Engine Cooling
* * *5
0 * *5
0
2015 $7,600 - $9,700 2015 $17,000 - $24,300
Trans. Major 1
0104
050 4
01 0 *
05 * Trans. Major
* * *4
0 * *5
0
2016 $9,500 - $11,500 2016 -
Trans. Minor 2
0105
050 5
04 0 *
05 * 2017 $11,700 - $13,600
Trans. Minor
* * *3
0 * *1
0 2017 -
Drive System 5
0503
040 4
04 0 *
04 * 2018 $12,900 - $14,700
Drive System
* * *5
0 * *5
0 2018 -
Fuel System 5
0505
040 1
03 0 *
05 * Fuel System
* * *5
0 * *5
0
Electrical 5
0505
020 5
05 0 *
Electrical
* * *5
0 * *4
Climate Syst. 1
0304
020 5
05 0 *
Climate Syst.
* * *5
0 * *5
Suspension 1
0102
040 4
05 0 *
04 * Suspension
* * *3
0 * *5
0
2009 Good 4/4 5/5 2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes 2
0404
050 4
04 0 *
05 * 2010
Brakes
* * *5
0 * *5
0 2010
Good 4/4 5/5 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust 1
0101
050 1
05 0 *
05 * 2011 Good 3/2 2/2
Exhaust
* * *5
0 * *5
0 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0201
040 5
04 0 *
05 * 2012 Good 3/2 NT Paint/Trim
* * *5
0 * *5
0 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 3
0405
040 1
01 0 *
04 * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
* * *2
0 * *2
0 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 2
0103
050 5
03 0 *
05 * 2014 NT 3/2 5/5 Body Hardware
* * *5
0 * *5
0 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 3/2 5/5 2015 Good
Power Equip. 3
0203
020 4
03 0 *
04 * Power Equip.
* * *5
0 * *2
0 NT NT
2016 Good 4/2 5/5 2016 -
In-Car Electr. 3
024
050 5
05 0 *
05 * In-Car Electr.
* * *5
0 * *5
0 - -
2017 Good 4/2 NT 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0104
040 3
0203
0 2018 Good 4/2 5/5 Verdict 5
0 4
0 2018 - - -

P
Nissan Z Porsche 911
The 350Z shares its strong, smooth V6 and some other components The 911 has long been considered one of the world’s most desirable
with the Infiniti G. Acceleration is very quick and fuel economy is sports cars. We tested a 2005 911 Carrera S and found it a gas to
respectable. Handling is good but not as agile as some. The six- drive, with pinpoint steering and rock-solid body control. Handling is
speed manual has a notchy shifter. The ride is harsh, the cabin is extremely precise and agile, and the ride is relatively supple. Braking
cramped, and tire and road noise are pronounced. Rear visibility is phenomenal. Rear seats, a reasonably-sized front trunk, and good
is especially poor. A convertible with a power-operated top is also visibility are added bonuses in a sports car. In later years Porsche
available. Later models had improved interior materials and a bumped the power a bit and added a seven-speed automated
slightly better ride. The coupe was redesigned for 2009, with the manual transmission in 2011. The 2013 redesign brought more
engine moving to 3.7 liters. The convertible followed a year later. power and improved fuel economy through the new seven-speed
Handling is very agile now but the ride is still stiff and choppy, and automated manual and manual transmissions. The automatic gives
the car just isn’t as engaging to drive as one would expect. Road and nothing up in performance. The car is still super quick and agile, yet
tire noise is constant, making for a tiring driving experience. Updates also more civilized than ever.
for 2015 included standard Bluetooth and revised suspension tuning.
Safety Equipment: ABS standard. ESC, side and head protection air standard.
bags available, standard from 2010. Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $11,200 - $13,200 2009 $23,200 - $61,300
Trouble Nissan Z Trouble Porsche 911
Spots 2010 $12,300 - $15,100 Spots 2010 $25,800 - $63,800
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,600 - $17,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $30,400 - $77,500
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $14,600 - $19,200 Engine, Major
* * * *5
050 * *5
050 2012 $35,500 - $81,600
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $16,400 - $21,000 Engine Minor
* * * *5
050 * *5
050 2013 $41,900 - $92,900
2014 $17,700 - $21,700 2014 $49,800 - $109,800
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $19,400 - $26,400
Engine Cooling
* * * *5
050 * *3
040
2015 $59,200 - $128,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $20,500 - $29,700
Trans. Major
* * * *5
050 * *4
050
2016 $70,400 - $147,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $23,700 - $33,400
Trans. Minor
* * * *5
050 * *5
050 2017 $79,000 - $173,200
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $26,600 - $38,000
Drive System
* * * *5
050 * *5
050 2018 $94,600 - $189,200
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * *5
050 * *5
050
Electrical
Electrical
* * * *5
050 * *5
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * *5
050 * *5
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * *2
050 * *5
050
2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * *5
050 * *5
050 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * *5
050 * *5
050 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * *5
050 * *5
050 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * *5
040 * *5
050 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * *5
050 * *5
050 2014 NT NT NT
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * *4
040 * *5
050
2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *5 0 * *3
05 050
Used-Car Used-Car
050 3
030 2018 NT NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
P WORSE BETTER
Porsche Boxster, 718 Boxster Porsche Cayenne
This sporty mid-engine roadster has fun, agile handling, excellent Porsche’s luxury, midsized SUV offers V6 and V8 engines. Low-
brakes, and precise steering. The ride is firm and well controlled, yet range gearing and advanced electronics promise some off-road
not punishing. The two fore-and-aft trunks add some practicality. capability. The S and Turbo models are very fast; the Turbo S has
The power top is easy to operate and works at up to 30 mph. 2007 even more power. Some controls are overly complicated. Modest
brought styling updates and power upgrades, as well as six-speed styling changes arrived for 2008. The ride is controlled, but very
gearboxes. In 2009 the Boxsters gained a seven-speed sequential stiff. A comprehensive 2011 redesign made the Cayenne one of the
transmission. An all-new Boxster arrived for 2013 with a longer sportiest, most agile SUVs on the market. Available in V6, V8, turbo
wheelbase and a wider track. Handling is excellent even with the V8, and hybrid versions, all have a slick eight-speed automatic
electric steering, and the ride is not punishing. Interior quality and transmission. Diesel and hybrid versions were also available. The
refinement were improved. For 2017, Porsche’s redesigned Boxster ride is a bit stiff at low speeds but steady and controlled as you pick
roadster was named 718 Boxster. It came with turbocharged 2.0- up the pace. The cabin is well finished but many controls are overly
and 2.5-liter four-cylinder engines, replacing the previous Sixes, but complicated.
retained the impressive grip and balance.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $12,600 - $18,100 2009 $9,800 - $16,600
Trouble Porsche Boxster, 718 Trouble Porsche Cayenne
Spots Boxster 2010 $15,200 - $20,300 Spots 2010 $11,800 - $24,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $17,000 - $22,900 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $17,200 - $26,200
Engine, Major
* * * *5
01 0 *5
05 0 * 2012 $20,400 - $26,800 Engine, Major
* * * *5
050 *5
050 * 2012 $19,600 - $29,100
Engine Minor
* * * *5
05 0 *4
05 0 * 2013 $24,000 - $31,000 Engine Minor
* * * *5
050 *4
040 * 2013 $21,600 - $34,000
2014 $28,300 - $36,700 2014 $27,100 - $52,500
Engine Cooling
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 *
2015 $32,800 - $52,900
Engine Cooling
* * * *4
050 *5
050 *
2015 $33,700 - $55,400
Trans. Major
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 *
2016 $38,500 - $65,600
Trans. Major
* * * *1
040 *3
050 *
2016 $37,300 - $87,600
Trans. Minor
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * 2017 $47,300 - $57,200
Trans. Minor
* * * *5
030 *1
040 * 2017 $46,200 - $113,700
Drive System
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * 2018 $55,700 - $68,200
Drive System
* * * *2
030 *1
020 * 2018 $54,000 - $135,500
Fuel System
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * Fuel System
* * * *1
020 *4
050 *
Electrical
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * Crash-Test Results
Electrical
* * * *2
050 *5
Climate Syst.
* * * *5
05 0 *4
05 0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * *3
020 *3
040 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 *
2009 NT NT NT
Suspension
* * * *5
050 *5
050 *
2009 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes
* * * *3
030 *4
050 * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * *5
050 *5
050 * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * *5
050 *5
050 * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * *5
05 0 *2
05 0 * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * *5
050 *5
020 * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * *5
05 0 *5
05 0 * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * *5
040 *5
050 * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * *5
01 0 *5
05 0 *
2016 NT
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * *5
040 *3
050 *
2016 NT
NT NT
* * * *5 0 *1
0 * * * * *4 0 *5 0 *
0505 02 04
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0105
0 4
030 1
020 2018 NT NT NT

P
Porsche Cayman, 718 Cayman Porsche Macan
The Cayman is essentially a Boxster with a fixed roof. Power comes Porsche’s compact luxury SUV combines much of the performance
from a mid-mounted, 2.7-liter, flat-six engine. The Cayman S is the and feel of its sports cars with the functional package of a small
higher-performance version, placing it between the Boxster and SUV. Two engines are offered; a 3.0-liter V6 turbo in the S and a
911 in terms of price and performance. The fixed-roof coupe seats 3.6-liter V6 turbo in the uplevel Turbo version. Though based on the
two passengers and uses a hatchback design that allows for more Audi Q5, the power and handling are true Porsche, as are the seats,
rear storage than the Boxster. Like the Boxster, the Cayman also controls, fit and finish, and attention to detail. Handling agility, taut
has a front trunk. An all-new Cayman arrived for 2014 with a longer body control, and a firm brake pedal make it fun to drive. The firm
wheelbase and a wider track. Both the base and S are offered with ride is steady and controlled. The cabin is quite snug, and the center
a manual or automated-manual transmissions. Handling is excellent dashboard is a dizzying array of buttons that can be confusing at
and the ride is not punishing. For 2017 it was renamed as the 718 first. While the Macan isn’t meant for utilitarian tasks, it possesses
Cayman and came with 2.0- and 2.5-liter turbocharged four-cylinder impressively high towing and payload capacities.
engines, replacing the previous six-cylinder mills.
Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $14,200 - $19,700 2009 -
Trouble Porsche Cayman, 718 Trouble Porsche Macan
Spots Cayman 2010 $16,500 - $22,300 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $19,400 - $26,400 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 * 2012 $22,400 - $31,300 Engine, Major 5
0505
050 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * * *5
0 * *4
0 * 2013 - Engine Minor 5
0505
050 2013 -
2014 $29,900 - $38,800 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 *
2015 $33,900 - $57,200
Engine Cooling 4
0505
050
2015 $36,300 - $49,200
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 *
2016 $40,200 - $67,000
Trans. Major 2
0405
050
2016 $41,400 - $55,500
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 * 2017 $48,700 - $60,700
Trans. Minor 5
0505
050 2017 $40,200 - $64,900
Drive System
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 * 2018 $57,200 - $69,900
Drive System 3
0405
050 2018 $43,000 - $80,700
Fuel System
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 * Fuel System 5
0505
050
Electrical
* * * * *2
0 * *5
Electrical 5
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
0 * *4
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 4
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 *
2009 NT NT NT
Suspension 4
0505
050
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 4
0505
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 1
0505
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * *1
0 * *5
0 * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0505
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * *5
0 * *2
0 * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 4
0304
050 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware 4
0505
040 2014 - - -
2015 NT 2015 NT
Power Equip.
* * * * *5
0 * *5
0 *
2016 NT
0504
020
2016 NT
NT NT
* * * * *2
0 * *1
0 *
3
0303
050
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0 4
0304
020 2018 NT NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
P WORSE BETTER
Porsche Panamera Scion FR-S, Toyota 86
Porsche’s four-door luxury car is large and low-slung, with a coupe Jointly developed with the Subaru BRZ, the rear-wheel-drive FR-S
silhouette and a hatchback body. Handling is agile, with excellent features a 200-hp, 2.0-liter four-cylinder teamed with a choice of
steering and a supple ride. Normally aspirated and turbocharged a six-speed manual or six-speed automatic transmission. Its mere
V8s are offered, along with a V6. All use a quick-shifting seven- 2,800-pound curb weight and optimal weight distribution give it
speed automated manual that isn’t as smooth at low speeds as a super-agile handling and balance at its limits. In corners the car
regular automatic. Our tested S model, with a 400-hp, 4.8-liter V8, turns in promptly with virtually no body lean. The steering is well
returned strong performance and 20 mpg overall. Four adults fit in weighted, with decent feedback. The FR-S has a slightly more
the snug but beautifully finished interior. Complicated and button- compliant ride than the BRZ. Inside, the cabin is relatively plain, with
laden controls, tight access, and impaired visibility are demerits. A well-bolstered front sport seats, but the stiff ride and elevated noise
hybrid and a long-wheelbase Executive version arrived for 2014. The can be taxing, and the vestigial rear seats are best left for cargo. The
Panamera was redesigned 2017 with new turbo engines and a high- Scion brand was discontinued for the 2017 model year. The FR-S has
tech, touch-activated control layout that features a new electronic been renamed as the Toyota 86.
gear selector.
standard. Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Porsche Panamera Trouble Scion FR-S, Toyota 86
Spots 2010 $21,800 - $27,800 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $20,900 - $32,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2012 $24,100 - $51,400 Engine, Major 5
0 * * * * * 2012 -
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2013 $29,000 - $61,700 Engine Minor 0 *
5 * * * * 2013 $11,100 - $12,500
2014 $35,100 - $79,700 2014 $14,100 - $15,800
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * 2015 $39,800 - $95,900
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 * * * * 2015 $16,000 - $17,600
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * 2016 $50,400 - $111,600
Trans. Major 0 *
4 * * * * 2016 $17,900 - $19,400
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $72,200 - $129,100
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * * * * 2017 $21,300 - $23,100
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2018 $84,400 - $170,100
Drive System 0 *
5 * * * * 2018 $22,800 - $25,200
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * Fuel System 0 *
5 * * * *
Electrical
Electrical 0 *
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 0 *
5 * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * 2009 - - -
Suspension 0 *
5 * * * * 2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Brakes 0 *
5 * * * * 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust 0 *
5 * * * * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 0 *
5 * * * * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks 0 *
4 * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware 0 *
5 * * * * 2014 Good 4/4 3/5
2015 NT 2015 Good 4/4 3/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * 2016
NT NT Power Equip. 0 *
4 * * * * 2016
NT Good 4/4 3/5
* * * * * * * * * 0 * * * * *
2017 NT NT NT 2017 Good 4/4 NT
Used-Car Used-Car
0 2018 Good 4/4 NT

S
Scion iA, Toyota Yaris iA Scion iM, Toyota Corolla iM
Scion’s first four-door sedan was actually built by Mazda. It was The iM hatchback is essentially a better-handling Corolla
based on the Mazda2 (not sold in the U.S.) and is powered by a 106- hatchback, and is highlighted by its angular styling and sub-$20,000
hp, 1.5-liter four-cylinder hooked up to either a six-speed manual or starting price. Sized like a Mazda3, the iM gets a 137-hp, 1.8-liter
automatic. In our testing we got 35 mpg overall with the automatic. four-cylinder engine hooked up to either a six-speed manual or
The iA proves to be quite pleasant for a subcompact with nimble a CVT. We got 31 mpg overall with the CVT in our testing. The iM
handling and semi-decent interior decor. It also comes with a possesses rewarding handling, a civilized ride, and a decent level of
standard low-speed pre-collision system that uses a laser sensor standard equipment, including automatic climate control and audio
to help the driver avoid collisions. A backup camera is standard. controls on the steering wheel. But acceleration is short on zip, and
Inside, the iA gets steering-wheel controls for the audio, a 7-inch neither the ride nor the rear seat is as comfortable as the Corolla’s.
center screen display controlled via a central knob, just like in current Unfortunately, a sunroof is not available. Standard safety equipment
Mazda models. A navigation system was a dealer-installed option. includes a backup camera and eight airbags. The Scion brand was
The Scion brand was discontinued for the 2017 model year. The iA discontinued for the 2017 model year. The iM was renamed as the
has been renamed the Toyota Yaris iA. Toyota Corolla iM.

standard. standard.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Scion iA, Toyota Yaris iA Trouble Scion iM, Toyota Corolla
Spots 2010 - Spots iM 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
*5
0 * 2012 - Engine, Major
*5
0 * 2012 -
Engine Minor
*5
0 * 2013 - Engine Minor
*5
0 * 2013 -
2014 - 2014 -
Engine Cooling
*5
0 *
2015 -
Engine Cooling
*5
0 *
2015 -
Trans. Major
*5
0 *
2016 $11,700 - $11,700
Trans. Major
*5
0 *
2016 $12,700 - $12,700
Trans. Minor
*5
0 * 2017 $13,000 - $13,800
Trans. Minor
*5
0 * 2017 $14,600 - $14,600
Drive System
*5
0 * 2018 $13,400 - $14,200
Drive System
*5
0 * 2018 $15,700 - $16,900
Fuel System
*5
0 * Fuel System
*5
0 *
Electrical
*5
Electrical
*5
Climate Syst.
*5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
*5
0 *
2009 - - -
Suspension
*5
0 *
2009 - - -
Brakes
*4
0 * 2010 - - -
Brakes
*5
0 * 2010 - - -
Exhaust
*5
0 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust
*5
0 * 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
*5
0 * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
*4
0 * 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks
*5
0 * 2013 - - - Noises & Leaks
*5
0 * 2013 - - -
Body Hardware
*5
0 * 2014 - - - Body Hardware
*5
0 * 2014 - - -
2015 - 2015 -
Power Equip.
*5
0 *
2016 Good
- - Power Equip.
*3
0 *
2016 Good
- -
*4
0 * *4
0 *
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
S WORSE BETTER
Scion tC Scion xB ! Good Bet
The tC is a small sporty coupe that offers a lot of features for the The cube-like xB has very good space efficiency and a roomy
money, such as a dual-panel sunroof. Before 2011 the tC was powered interior. The low floor and high roof make access almost as easy as
by a spirited 160-hp, 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine, with the choice walking into the next room. Handling is fairly nimble. Good visibility
of a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic. Handling is fairly and compact dimensions make the xB a great city car. On a long
nimble but not exactly sporty. The ride is pleasant. The rear seat is drive, though, its choppy ride and high levels of wind noise can
relatively spacious for a small coupe, and its seatbacks can recline for make it fatiguing. In our testing the manual transmission xB got 30
passenger comfort. Expect very good fuel economy. 2011’s redesign mpg. Electronic stability control was available, impressive for such
brought a power boost to 180-hp, and a choice of a six-speed an inexpensive car. The xB grew longer and wider with the 2008
automatic or manual transmissions, but the noisy cabin and jittery redesign. The 2.4-liter engine delivers better performance, but worse
ride remained. Updates for 2014 included some styling tweaks, new fuel economy: only 23 mpg with the automatic. The revised styling
suspension and steering calibrations, and a six-speed automatic hurt rear visibility, too. Later models offered a rearview camera. 2015
transmission. 2016 was the tC’s last year. was the xB’s last year.

Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
ESC standard from 2011. standard.

2009 $5,100 - $5,400 2009 $5,800 - $6,000
Trouble Scion tC Trouble Scion xB
Spots 2010 $5,800 - $5,900 Spots 2010 $6,400 - $6,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,600 - $6,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,000 - $7,200
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * 2012 $7,400 - $7,900 Engine, Major 1
050*5
0 * *5
0 2012 $7,800 - $8,200
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * 2013 $8,700 - $9,200 Engine Minor 4 040 *5
0 * *5
0 2013 $9,200 - $9,500
2014 $9,900 - $11,100 2014 $10,700 - $11,100
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * 2015 $12,300 - $13,200
Engine Cooling 4
050 *5
0 * *5
0
2015 $12,600 - $13,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * 2016 $13,800 - $15,000
Trans. Major 4
050 *5
0 * *5
0
2016 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor 5
040 *5
0 * *5
0 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System 5 050 *5
0 * *5
0 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * Fuel System 5
050 *5
0 * *5
0
Electrical
Electrical 3
040 *5
0 * *5
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 5050 *5
0 * *5
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * 2009 Accept. 5/4 5/5
Suspension 5
050 *3
0 * *4
0
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * 2010 Accept. 5/4 5/5
Brakes 3
010 *5
0 * *5
0 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
050 *5
0 * *5
0 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim 5
020 *3
0 * *3
0 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks 5
050 *3
0 * *5
0 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5 Body Hardware 5050 *3
0 * *3
0 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 5/4 5/5 2015 Good
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * 2016
Power Equip. 5
050 *5
0 * *5
0
2016
NT NT
Good 5/4 5/5 -
* * * * * * * * 0 *5
0 * *3
5
05 0
2017 - - - 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
050 5
0 5
0 2018 - - -

S
Scion xD Smart ForTwo
The xD is a boxier version of the Toyota Yaris. The ride suffers This tiny two-seater was one of our lowest-rated cars. It’s good on
from short, jumpy motions, and it feels jittery on the highway. The gas, a snap to park, and easily sparks conversations. Access to the
1.8-liter, four-cylinder engine delivers adequate performance but is cabin is very easy and the seats are comfortable. Power comes from
miserly with fuel. We averaged 29 mpg overall with the automatic a 1.0-liter, three-cylinder engine that does a decent job keeping up
and 34 with the manual. The cabin is noisy and the driving position with traffic, but the Smart is very slow accelerating from a stop.
is awkward. Some taller drivers found the seat cushion too short. It has a harsh ride, clumsy handling, and an automated manual
The front seats are comfortable enough for people who fit them. transmission that has the worst shift quality we’ve experienced. It
The rear has plenty of room for such a small car and cabin access changes gears slowly, causing the car to pause and heave, rocking
is easy. Cargo space is very limited with the rear seats upright. occupants fore and aft. We’ve measured 39 mpg overall, but the
However, folding the rear seats opens up about 21 cubic feet, which Smart requires premium fuel. The Smart was redesigned for 2016
is impressive for such a small car. The xD came with a lot of standard and improved, but it’s still not a smart purchase choice unless
features. 2014 was its last year. easy parking is a priority. For 2018, only the electric-drive version is
available.
Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard. Redesign/Freshening: 2008, 2016.
ESC available, standard from 2010. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side air bags standard.
Drive Wheels: Front. Drive Wheels: Rear.

2009 $5,500 - $5,700 2009 $3,300 - $4,100
Trouble Scion xD Trouble Smart ForTwo
Spots 2010 $6,100 - $6,100 Spots 2010 $3,400 - $5,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,700 - $7,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $3,500 - $4,500
Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2012 $7,300 - $7,500 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $3,700 - $5,000
Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2013 $8,000 - $8,400 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $3,600 - $5,700
2014 $8,800 - $8,800 2014 $4,700 - $6,500
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $6,000 - $7,500
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $9,000 - $11,100
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $10,800 - $14,100
Drive System
* * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $12,400 - $13,200
Fuel System
* * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * 2009 Accept. 4/4 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 Good 4/3 5/NT
Brakes
* * * * * * 2010 Accept. 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 Good 4/3 5/NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2011 Accept. NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 - 2015 Good
Power Equip.
* * * * * * 2016 -
- - Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 Good
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2017 - - - 2017 Good 4/4 5/NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 - - - Verdict 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
S WORSE BETTER
Subaru BRZ Subaru Crosstrek, XV ! Good Bet
Developed with Toyota, the BRZ is Subaru’s first rear-wheel-drive This small quasi-SUV is mechanically the same as the Impreza
sports car. It features a 200-hp, 2.0-liter four-cylinder with a choice hatchback, but with a raised ride height that gives it more styling
of a six-speed manual or automatic. Handling is super responsive, attitude and enough altitude to slosh through deeply rutted roads. It
with impressive agility. The BRZ turns into corners promptly, with may appeal to those living at the end of a dirt road who don’t want
virtually no body lean. The steering is quick and well weighted, with anything big and bulky. The cabin is rather noisy, the ride is stiff, and
decent feedback. At its limits it understeers more than the nearly the little 148-hp, 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine has to work hard to
identical Toyota FR-S, which makes it more forgiving but slightly less maintain highway speed, but fuel economy is a gratifying 26 mpg.
rewarding, and has a more jittery ride. Inside, the cabin is relatively A Hybrid version, introduced for 2014, barely improves on that, at 28
plain, with well-bolstered front sport seats, but the stiff ride and mpg. At least the Hybrid is a little quieter and sounds less strained.
elevated noise can be taxing, and the vestigial rear seats are best Updates for 2015 included an improved infotainment system, and a
suited for cargo. standard rearview camera. Blind spot monitoring and cross traffic
alert were offered beginning in 2016.
Drive Wheels: Rear. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Subaru BRZ Trouble Subaru Crosstrek, XV
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0 * * * * * 2012 - Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
050 2012 -
Engine Minor 0 *
5 * * * * 2013 $13,500 - $13,900 Engine Minor 3
0505
0505
050 2013 $13,500 - $14,500
2014 $14,700 - $15,800 2014 $14,700 - $16,000
Engine Cooling 0 *
5 * * * * Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
050
2015 $16,300 - $18,000 2015 $15,600 - $18,100
Trans. Major 0 *
4 * * * * Trans. Major 2
0505
0505
050
2016 $18,700 - $21,400 2016 $17,800 - $19,900
Trans. Minor 0 *
5 * * * * 2017 $21,600 - $24,200
Trans. Minor 3
0404
0505
050 2017 $19,400 - $22,300
Drive System 0 *
5 * * * * 2018 $23,200 - $27,000
Drive System 4
0104
0505
050 2018 $21,600 - $25,600
Fuel System 0 *
5 * * * * Fuel System 5
0505
0505
050
Electrical 0 *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 0 *
5 * * * * Model Offset Full Side
Climate Syst. 2
0304
0504
Suspension 0 *
5 * * * * Suspension 2
0105
0505
050
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 0 *
5 * * * * 2010 -
Brakes 1
0405
0405
050 2010 -
- - - -
Exhaust 0 *
5 * * * * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 0 *
5 * * * * 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim 5
0505
0504
050 2012 - - -
Noises & Leaks 0 *
4 * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 2
0204
0505
050 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 0 *
5 * * * * 2014 Good 4/4 3/5 Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 Good 4/4 3/5 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 0 *
4 * * * * Power Equip. 2
0304
0505
050
2016 Good 4/4 3/5 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *
5 * * * * In-Car Electr. 3
0303
0404
020
2017 Good 4/4 NT 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0204
0505
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

S
Subaru Forester Subaru Impreza
The Forester is a no-nonsense SUV that emphasizes practicality, The Impreza comes as a sedan or a five-door hatchback. Its nimble
with plenty of room, standard AWD, and excellent visibility. Its ride handling, composed ride, and standard all-wheel drive have long
is compliant and handling is quite nimble. The 2.5-liter four-cylinder been hallmarks. However, its fuel economy wasn’t up to par for a
provides good acceleration and the transmission is responsive. small car prior to the 2012 introduction of a CVT. Interior materials
Crash-test performance has been impressive. A powerful turbo also felt pretty cheap. A 2008 redesign make the Impreza much
XT is also available, but rare. The 2009 and newer Foresters have larger, quieter, and more refined, but steering and handling lost
standard ESC, a roomy rear seat, and perhaps the best ride of any their sharpness. The 2012 makeover made a good car better, with a
small SUV. Cabin fittings and controls remained Spartan. The 2014 smoother ride, responsive handling, and improved interior space, but
redesign greatly improved fuel economy, thanks mostly to a new with its CVT, the car is far from quiet. The redesigned 2017 Impreza
continuously variable transmission, and bolstered safety with the compact has more available safety equipment, a roomier interior,
available EyeSight system. The 2016 model year brought much- more comfortable ride, handling is more agile, and the cabin is
needed improvements to the infotainment system, introducing a considerably quieter.
contemporary touch-screen audio system.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 $6,600 - $8,700 2009 $5,100 - $10,200
Trouble Subaru Forester Trouble Subaru Impreza
Spots 2010 $7,500 - $9,200 Spots 2010 $5,400 - $11,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,700 - $12,500 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,600 - $9,500
Engine, Major 1
0101
0101
0405
0505
050 2012 $9,900 - $13,100 Engine, Major 1
0403
0204
0505
0505
050 2012 $7,900 - $11,600
Engine Minor 1
0101
0103
0305
0505
050 2013 $11,200 - $15,600 Engine Minor 1
0302
0203
0505
0505
050 2013 $9,500 - $13,500
4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 1
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $15,100 - $19,400 2015 $12,600 - $16,400
Trans. Major 3
0404
0404
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 3
0102
0103
0405
0505
050
2016 $16,600 - $22,100 2016 $14,000 - $18,600
Trans. Minor 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 4
0503
0204
0505
0505
050
2017 $18,000 - $26,100 2017 $16,500 - $20,800
Drive System 3
0303
0405
0405
0505
050 Drive System 3
0103
0504
0405
0505
050
2018 $19,900 - $30,100 2018 $17,200 - $22,400
Fuel System 4
0404
0405
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 1
0101
0504
0505
0505
050
Electrical 4
0304
0504
0505
0505
050 Electrical 3
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 1
0304
0404
0304
0503
Climate Syst. 3
0405
0304
0304
0505
Suspension 3
0304
0304
0304
0505
050 Suspension 3
0204
0403
0405
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 Good 5/5 5/4
Brakes 2
0303
0304
0304
0505
050 Brakes 3
0305
0403
0404
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/4
Exhaust 1
0204
0405
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 1
0202
0505
0505
0505
050
2011 Good 4/5 5/4 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
0404
0505
0405
0505
0103
0303
0304
0505
050 2012
Good 4/5 5/4 Good 5/3 5/3
Noises & Leaks 2
0103
0304
0404
0405
0503
0303
0404
0404
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0404
0504
0405
0505
0502
0504
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
4
0304
0404
0303
0304
050 4
0301
0202
0303
0303
050
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
054
0504
0202
0404
014
0304
0404
0201
020
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2
0202
0303
0203
0404
050 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0302
0202
0304
0503
040 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
S WORSE BETTER
Subaru Legacy Subaru Outback
The Legacy has been a well-rounded performer for many years. The The Outback is essentially a Legacy wagon with added ground
ride is supple, and handling is responsive. Make sure to get a 2008 clearance and a slightly raised roof. For many years only the 3.0
or later, when electronic stability control became widely available. VDC models got standard ESC. Turbocharged XT models feel
Mediocre fuel economy was a drawback until the 2010 redesign, very powerful, while the six-cylinder adds smoothness and quiet
when mpg improved markedly, to 25 mpg overall in our tests of a refinement. Mediocre fuel economy was a consistent drawback until
four-cylinder with the CVT. Ride quality was still impressive, but the 2010 redesign, when it improved to 24 mpg overall in our tests of
handling became less crisp. The interior is roomier than previous a four-cylinder with the CVT. Ride quality is impressive, but handling
generations and the car is quieter. The 2015 redesign improved is less crisp. The interior is roomier than previous generations and
interior quality, added contemporary infotainment capability, and the car is quieter. A 2013 update helped handling at the expense
made the car one of the best-riding sedans available. Changes for of some ride comfort. Both were improved with the 2015 redesign,
2016 included available blind spot warning and rear cross-traffic which also adds a nicer interior with contemporary infotainment
warning. capability. Updates for 2018 included standard Android Auto and
Apple CarPlay.
Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020.
Safety Equipment: ABS, side, and head protection air bags Redesign/Freshening: 2005, 2010, 2015.
standard. ESC available from 2007, standard from 2009. Safety Equipment: ABS, side, and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD. standard. ESC available from 2007, standard from 2009.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 $5,700 - $10,400 2009 $6,800 - $9,000
Trouble Subaru Legacy Trouble Subaru Outback
Spots 2010 $6,300 - $9,500 Spots 2010 $7,500 - $10,300
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,000 - $12,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,100 - $11,800
Engine, Major 1
0404
0503
0505
0505
050 2012 $8,200 - $14,700 Engine, Major 1
0404
0403
0505
0505
050 2012 $10,300 - $13,300
Engine Minor 1
0505
0501
0404
0505
050 2013 $9,500 - $13,500 Engine Minor 2
0405
0402
0405
0505
050 2013 $12,200 - $15,800
3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $14,100 - $18,300 2015 $17,300 - $20,800
Trans. Major 3
0504
0304
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 4
0304
0404
0505
0505
050
2016 $15,500 - $20,300 2016 $18,900 - $23,300
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0504
0404
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $17,600 - $23,200 2017 $21,500 - $29,500
Drive System 4
0505
0505
0504
0505
050 Drive System 2
0304
0405
0504
0505
050
2018 $19,900 - $26,800 2018 $24,200 - $32,600
Fuel System 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 3
0405
0405
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
0305
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 5
0404
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
Suspension 1
0504
0405
0405
0405
050 Suspension 1
0304
0503
0505
0405
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Brakes 2
0404
0402
0505
0505
050 Brakes 4
0303
0304
0305
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 1
0404
0405
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 1
0504
0505
0505
0505
050
2011 Good 4/4 5/4 2011 Good 4/4 5/4
Paint/Trim 4
0405
0505
0504
0505
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 2012
Good 5/4 NT Good 5/4 5/4
Noises & Leaks 1
0403
0403
0504
0505
0303
0202
0304
0405
050 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0405
0505
0504
0505
0505
0505
0505
0405
050 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
3
0303
0303
0503
0304
050 4
0102
0203
0301
0203
040
2016 Good 5/5 5/5 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
035
0405
0304
0302
044
0403
0403
0303
010
2017 Good 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0404
0503
0503
0405
040 2018 Good 5/5 5/5 Verdict 3
0304
0403
0403
0404
030 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

S
Subaru Tribeca Subaru WRX/STi
The Tribeca has fairly agile handling and a quiet, comfortable, and A sporty version of the Impreza, the WRX’s turbocharged engine
steady ride. The cabin is nicely finished, but the second-row seat provides quick and effortless acceleration, and the well-tuned
is cramped and the third-row is tiny, even for children. The 3.0-liter suspension delivers a supple ride with agility. Its steering is sharp,
six-cylinder engine has to work hard to maintain speed, and the but more demanding cornering elicits a bit too much body lean for
transmission downshifts reluctantly, making it feel underpowered. a sports sedan. The STi is more powerful and much harder riding.
Wind and engine noise are subdued. Expect a disappointing 16 mpg It is a fierce performer, although not as agile as the Mitsubishi
overall on premium fuel. Most controls are easy to use, but it is a Lancer Evo. In later years, the base WRX has STi-like styling and
long reach to the navigation system’s touch-screen monitor. 2007 some of the STi’s suspension updates. A 2015 redesign saw the
brought a rollover-detection system and available rearview camera. WRX get bigger, with improved rear seat space. Handling remained
A revised transmission and a more powerful 256-hp, 3.6-liter engine tremendously capable, and the all-wheel-drive traction and
using regular fuel arrived for 2008. The Tribeca then soldiered on turbocharged engine provided very quick acceleration. 2016 models
without changes until it was discontinued after the 2014 model year. offered adaptive cruise control, lane keeping assist, automatic
emergency braking, and lane departure warning.
ESC standard from 2008. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 $7,600 - $8,200 2009 $12,000 - $17,500
Trouble Subaru Tribeca Trouble Subaru WRX/STi
Spots 2010 $8,600 - $11,800 Spots 2010 $12,800 - $18,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,000 - $12,900 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $13,900 - $19,300
Engine, Major
* * * * * * 2012 $11,800 - $14,600 Engine, Major
* * * * * *3
0 * * * 2012 $15,500 - $22,000
Engine Minor
* * * * * * 2013 $14,900 - $14,900 Engine Minor
* * * * * *3
0 * * * 2013 $17,000 - $24,100
2014 $16,800 - $16,800 2014 $18,200 - $26,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2015 $18,300 - $26,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * *3
0 * * * 2016 $19,600 - $29,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2017 $21,600 - $30,400
Drive System
* * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2018 $24,000 - $41,800
Fuel System
* * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * *4
0 * * *
Electrical
Electrical
* * * * * *4
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * *2
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * *3
0 * * * 2009 NT 5/5 5/4
Brakes
* * * * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2010 NT 5/5 5/4
Exhaust
* * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * *4
0 * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * *1
0 * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * *5
0 * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 - 2015 Good
Power Equip.
* * * * * * 2016 -
- - Power Equip.
* * * * * *2
0 * * * 2016 Good
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * *1
0 * * *
2017 - - - 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
0 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
S WORSE BETTER
Suzuki Grand Vitara Suzuki Kizashi
Even with its V6, we found the Vitara to be sluggish, its power The Kizashi is a sound car but not a standout in any way. It slots
blunted by the automatic transmission. Basically, all Vitaras are at the smaller end of the family sedan category, with a snug cabin
slow, noisy, and uncomfortable. The redesigned 2006 Grand Vitara and tight rear seat. The ride is taut and controlled, but a little stiff.
brought unibody construction and a fully independent suspension. The front seats are well shaped and comfortable, the cabin is well-
The V6 was still sluggish and returned just 18 mpg. The stiff, jittery finished, and most drivers should find sufficient head- and legroom.
ride, vague steering, and reluctant handling didn’t impress us either. Fuel economy is pretty good but acceleration is rather leisurely,
A four-cylinder engine was reintroduced in 2009 but fuel economy and the CVT makes the 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine work hard and
wasn’t much better than the V6’s. The front seats have flat seat loudly to keep up the pace. Alluring features such as keyless ignition,
cushions, but are generally supportive. A 60/40-split, reclining rear seat-position memory, and automatic climate control are welcome.
bench is very nice for two adults, and can seat three in a pinch. The The Suzuki brand was discontinued in the U.S. after the 2013 model
Suzuki brand was discontinued in the U.S. after the 2013 model year. year.

Safety Equipment: ABS available. ABS, ESC, side and head Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
protection air bags standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: 4WD; AWD; Rear. Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.

2009 $3,500 - $6,500 2009 -
Trouble Suzuki Grand Vitara Trouble Suzuki Kizashi
Spots 2010 $3,100 - $7,500 Spots 2010 $3,900 - $5,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $3,900 - $7,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $4,400 - $5,900
Engine, Major
* * * * * 2012 $4,800 - $8,400 Engine, Major
* * * * 2012 $5,200 - $6,400
Engine Minor
* * * * * 2013 $5,600 - $9,500 Engine Minor
* * * * 2013 $6,100 - $8,700
2014 - 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * * * 2015 -
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
* * * * 2016 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * 2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Suspension
* * * * 2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * 2014 - - - Body Hardware
* * * * 2014 - - -
2015 - 2015 -
Power Equip.
* * * * * 2016 -
- - Power Equip.
* * * * 2016 -
- -
* * * * * * * * *
2017 - - - 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 - - - Verdict 2018 - - -

T
Suzuki SX4 Tesla Model S
The SX4 comes as a small hatchback with SUV-like styling or a tall The Tesla Model S is a four-door luxury sports car that happens also
little four-door sedan. It’s a much nicer car than the Aerio it replaced. to be an electric vehicle. A large, low-slung hatchback, it easily seats
All-wheel drive is standard on the hatchback; the sedan is only front- five, or seven in a pinch with the optional rear-facing jump seats.
wheel drive. The all-wheel-drive system has three settings: front- With its optional 85 kWh battery the Tesla can travel between 180
wheel drive for supposedly better fuel economy; auto; and lock for and 225 miles per charge, at least twice as far as other electrics.
better traction on slippery surfaces. The SX4 has easy cabin access It can be fully charged in as little as five hours. Performance is
and good visibility. It seats five, with modest cargo space behind the exceptional, with thrilling acceleration, pinpoint handling, and a
folding rear seats. The 2.0-liter, 143-hp, four-cylinder engine drones steady ride. A huge center touch screen controls nearly all accessory
on the highway and delivers slow acceleration. Handling is fairly functions. Drawbacks include tight access and restricted visibility.
nimble, but the ride is stiff. For the first few years, electronic stability All-wheel-drive versions were added in 2014, along with an optional
control was available only with the well-equipped Touring package. suite of advanced features.
The Suzuki brand was discontinued in the U.S. after the 2013 model
year. Redesign/Freshening: 2012.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: AWD; Rear.
standard.

2009 $3,900 - $4,700 2009 -
Trouble Suzuki SX4 Trouble Tesla Model S
Spots 2010 $4,100 - $6,900 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $4,200 - $6,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major
* * * * * 2012 $4,400 - $7,100 Engine, Major
*5
0505
0505
050 2012 $23,900 - $29,200
Engine Minor
* * * * * 2013 $5,900 - $8,100 Engine Minor
*5
0505
0505
050 2013 $28,100 - $33,700
2014 - 2014 $32,400 - $50,800
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2015 -
Engine Cooling
*5
0505
0505
050
2015 $39,700 - $59,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Major
*5
0505
0505
050
2016 $42,600 - $84,700
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor
*5
0505
0505
050 2017 $53,100 - $93,600
Drive System
* * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
*1
0103
0504
050 2018 $64,800 - $106,400
Fuel System
*5
0505
0505
050
Electrical
Electrical
*4
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*4
0405
0404
040 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * 2009 Good 4/4 5/4
Suspension
*2
0304
0502
050
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes
*5
0504
0505
050 2010 - - -
Exhaust
* * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*5
0505
0505
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2012 Good 4/3 5/2 Paint/Trim
*5
0404
0404
010 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * 2013 Good 4/3 5/2 Noises & Leaks
*3
0104
0302
050 2013 NT 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * 2014 - - - Body Hardware
*2
0202
0302
040 2014 NT 5/5 5/5
2015 - 2015 NT 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * 2016 -
- - Power Equip.
*1
0301
0202
050
2016 Good
* * * * * *1
0103
0402
010
2017 - - - 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
0203
0301
010 2018 Good NT NT

1 2 3 4 5
T WORSE BETTER
Tesla Model X Toyota 4Runner ! Good Bet
The electric-powered Model X is more showy than practical. It Among conventional, full-frame SUVs, the 4Runner stands out for
features rear doors that open up and out of the way, giving easy serious off-roading and reliability. Mid-2000 models offered smooth
access to the rear seats. But these massive doors take their time to V6 or V8 engines as well as a small third-row seat. Fuel economy
open and close. The huge windshield extends up and over the front- was so-so, but the cabin was well finished and quiet. The 2010
seat occupants, making the cabin feel airy and futuristic. Buyers redesign felt like a step backwards. The unsettled ride, mediocre
can opt for five-, six-, or seven-passenger seating configurations, handling, cheap interior, high-step-in, and low ceiling left us
but unlike every other SUV, the second row doesn’t fold, which unimpressed. Limited trim versions come with full-time four-wheel-
compromises utility. Like the Model S sedan, the Model X is very drive which is an advantage. The 4.0-liter V6 engine is powerful but
quick and handles well. Ride comfort and noise isolation aren’t as roars when accelerating. We got 18 mpg overall in our fuel-economy
good as in the S, however. The 90-kWh version we tested had a tests. Controls are simple, with big buttons and knobs, but the radio
realistic 230-mile range. touch screen is relatively small.

standard. standard.
Drive Wheels: AWD. Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2009 - 2009 $11,700 - $16,400
Trouble Tesla Model X Trouble Toyota 4Runner
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $15,000 - $18,600
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $16,900 - $20,300
Engine, Major 5
0505
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $18,300 - $22,800
Engine Minor 5
0505
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $20,400 - $24,400
2014 - 2014 $22,400 - $29,000
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0
2015 -
Engine Cooling
*505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $23,900 - $35,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0
2016 $57,100 - $91,900
Trans. Major
*505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $25,900 - $38,200
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0 2017 $69,800 - $99,100
Trans. Minor
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $27,700 - $39,300
Drive System 4
0502
0 2018 $74,600 - $104,400
Drive System
*505
0505
0405
0405
040 2018 $29,600 - $41,100
Fuel System 5
0505
0 Fuel System
*505
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
0505
Electrical
*505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0205
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*505
0504
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 3
0405
0
2009 - - -
Suspension
*402
0401
0504
0405
050
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes 4
0505
0 2010 - - -
Brakes
*405
0304
0505
0505
050 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust
*505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 3
0101
0 2012 - - -
Paint/Trim
*403
0504
0504
0505
050 2012 Good 4/3 5/5
Noises & Leaks 2
0101
*404
0504
0504
0505
050 2013 Good 4/3 5/5
Body Hardware 1
0105
*405
0504
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 4/3 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 4/3 5/5
Power Equip. 2
0105
0
2016
- - Power Equip.
*305
0403
0504
0505
050
2016
NT Good 4/3 5/5
* 55
1
0101
0 0104
0101
0405
050
2017 NT 5/5 5/5 2017 Good 4/3 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0101
0 2018 NT 5/5 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0405
0505
0503
0 2018 Good 4/3 5/5

T
Toyota Avalon ! Good Bet Toyota Camry ! Good Bet
The Avalon has always been a well-executed large sedan, essentially It’s hard to go wrong with a used Camry. The car is roomy inside, but
a stretched Camry with more upscale features. High points include some cabin materials feel cheap in the 2007-10 vintage. The 2010
the silky-smooth powertrain, Lexus-like road isolation, and generous four-cylinder paired with a six-speed automatic got 26 mpg overall.
accommodations. Earlier Avalons came with a suspension that The 2012 redesign made handling more responsive and improved
tended to float too much at highway speeds, except in the Touring interior quality. Drawbacks include a somewhat convoluted touch-
version. 2008 brought a six-speed automatic. Updates for 2011 screen radio, and a Poor score in the IIHS small overlap crash
changed little about the basic package, which remains a smooth, test for 2012-14 models. Look for a 2014.5 or later Camry, which
quiet, spacious and comfortable cruiser. A redesign and a hybrid scored better. The redesigned 2018 model brought sleeker styling,
version arrived for 2013; the hybrid returned 36 mpg overall. improved fuel economy, sharper handling, and standard advanced
Handling was improved but the cushy ride was stiffened too much, safety systems. The Camry is an excellent choice thanks to its well-
especially on versions with the 18-inch tires, robbing from the car’s rounded capability, roomy interior, excellent visibility all around, and
previous relaxed character. A 2016 update improved the ride. comfortable ride, in addition to its outstanding reliability.

standard. FCW and AEB available from 2013, standard from 2017. ESC available, standard from 2010. FCW and AEB available from
Drive Wheels: Front. 2015, standard from 2018.

2009 $7,400 - $8,500 2009 $6,600 - $7,400
Trouble Toyota Avalon Trouble Toyota Camry
Spots 2010 $8,100 - $9,500 Spots 2010 $7,100 - $8,100
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,100 - $10,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,200 - $9,500
Engine, Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $11,300 - $12,100 Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,000 - $11,200
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,500 - $14,400 Engine Minor 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $10,000 - $11,700
5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $15,600 - $19,700 2015 $13,400 - $17,300
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $17,300 - $22,600 2016 $14,800 - $19,900
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2017 $19,200 - $25,700 2017 $16,500 - $21,600
Drive System 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 Drive System 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2018 $22,100 - $29,100 2018 $18,500 - $29,200
Fuel System 5
0305
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 5
0404
0405
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
Suspension 3
0103
0305
0505
0505
050 Suspension 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Brakes 4
0305
0405
0405
0505
050
2010 Good 5/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2011 Good NT NT 2011 Good 4/2 5/4
Paint/Trim 5
0404
0504
0505
0505
0404
0403
0404
0505
050 2012
Good NT NT Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0504
0404
0505
0404
0404
0503
0404
040 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0405
0405
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 4/5 5/5
3
0103
0305
0504
0505
050 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 3
0304
0504
0302
0404
054
0405
0404
0505
010
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
040 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
T WORSE BETTER
Toyota Corolla ! Good Bet Toyota FJ Cruiser
Historically, the Corolla has usually hit the sweet spot of practical The FJ’s styling echoes the rugged early FJ40 Land Cruisers from
size, good performance and ironclad reliability. Very good fuel decades ago. While its off-road prowess is superb, the FJ is full of
economy is another strong suit. The cabin is fairly quiet except for compromises. Visibility is horrendous, and the rear-hinged rear
some engine noise at high revs. Among the older models, look for doors provide poor cabin access and are difficult to close. The FJ
one with the optional curtain airbags. Without them the Corolla got has clumsy handling and can be disconcerting at its limits, although
a poor in the IIHS side-crash test. The Corolla was redesigned for the standard stability control keeps it secure enough. The firm front
2009, when it grew a bit larger and acquired a much quieter and seat has decent lateral support from the backrest, but the cushion is
even more economical 1.8-liter four-cylinder. Redesigned for 2014, flat and gets squishy as time goes by. The cargo area is modest. The
the Corolla returned a frugal 32 mpg overall. Despite the bump in its ride is compliant but jiggly. Wind noise dominates the cabin. The V6
overall size, the Corolla remains small enough for easy maneuvering powertrain is smooth and punchy, but returned just 17 mpg overall.
and parking. 2014 was its last year.
Redesign/Freshening: 2009, 2014, 2020. Redesign/Freshening: 2007.

Safety Equipment: ABS, and side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard. ESC available, standard from 2010. FCW and AEB standard.
standard from 2017. Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2009 $5,900 - $6,200 2009 $14,700 - $16,100
Trouble Toyota Corolla Trouble Toyota FJ Cruiser
Spots 2010 $6,500 - $7,500 Spots 2010 $16,800 - $18,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,100 - $8,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $18,500 - $19,700
Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $7,800 - $8,700 Engine, Major
* * * * *5
0 2012 $19,900 - $21,400
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $8,600 - $9,700 Engine Minor
* * * * *3
0 2013 $23,600 - $25,000
2014 $10,000 - $11,200 2014 $26,900 - $28,400
Engine Cooling 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $11,300 - $13,700
Engine Cooling
* * * * *5
0
2015 -
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,400 - $15,500
Trans. Major
* * * * *5
0
2016 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $13,600 - $17,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * *5
0 2017 -
Drive System 4
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $14,900 - $18,300
Drive System
* * * * *5
0 2018 -
Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System
* * * * *5
0
Electrical 2
0404
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
* * * * *5
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0405
0405
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * *5
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0405
0504
0505
0505
050
2009 Good 4/4 5/4
Suspension
* * * * *5
0
2009 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes 4
0404
0302
0505
0505
050 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes
* * * * *1
0 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/2
Exhaust
* * * * *5
0 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 2
0304
0304
0504
0505
* * * * *5
0 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
0404
0404
0404
0504
* * * * *1
0 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
* * * * *5
0 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 5/5 5/5 2015 -
Power Equip. 4
0404
0505
0404
0405
050
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * *5
0
2016
- -
Good 5/4 5/5 -
* * * * *5
5
034
0405
0404
0505
050 0
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0 2018 - - -

T
Toyota Highlander ! Good Bet Toyota Land Cruiser
The Highlander has long been an excellent choice, and available The big, full-frame Land Cruiser’s smooth V8 provides muscular
with front- or all-wheel drive. Quiet, roomy, and relaxing to drive, acceleration. Its independent front suspension aids the comfortable
the Highlander has always had smooth four- or six-cylinder engines, and composed ride and the Toyota’s handling, which is sound, but
a comfortable ride, and easy-to-use controls. A third-row seat was not agile handling. The interior is roomy, quiet, and well finished. The
available. A hybrid version debuted for the 2006 model year. For 4WD system is permanently engaged, a major safety advantage.
2008 the Highlander was redesigned. It grew larger, and got a more Good off-road performance is a strong suit. The 50/50 split third-
powerful 3.5-liter V6 and a roomier third-row seat. For 2011 the row seats fold up against the bulkhead rather than into the floor,
hybrid got that V6 and so equipped averaged 27 mpg in our tests. thus robbing some cargo space. And this third-row is cramped,
The redesigned 2014 model got edgier styling and a fuel economy especially given the SUV’s rather large size. A 2008 redesign brought
boost for the V6 model from 18 mpg to 20 mpg. The hybrid fell to the powerful but thirsty 5.7-liter V8 used in the Tundra. Expect just 14
25 mpg overall, good but not the standout it once was. Updates for mpg overall. The chunky SUV proved clumsy but ultimately secure
2017 included a new eight-speed transmission and more horsepower at its limits, with the stability-control system working hard to keep it
for the 3.5-liter V6. on course.

standard. FCW and AEB available from 2014, standard from 2017. standard. Blind spot monitoring, FCW, and AEB standard from 2016.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Drive Wheels: 4WD.

2009 $9,100 - $12,400 2009 $25,900 - $25,900
Trouble Toyota Highlander Trouble Toyota Land Cruiser
Spots 2010 $10,300 - $13,900 Spots 2010 $28,000 - $28,000
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $12,000 - $16,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $30,500 - $30,500
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $13,500 - $18,500 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 -
Engine Minor 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $14,500 - $20,400 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $38,400 - $38,400
2014 $18,300 - $27,400 2014 $44,000 - $44,000
Engine Cooling 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $20,300 - $30,900
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $50,500 - $50,500
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $22,200 - $34,900
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $56,900 - $56,900
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $24,700 - $37,200
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $63,600 - $63,600
Drive System 4
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $26,900 - $40,600
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $72,000 - $72,000
Fuel System 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
Climate Syst. 4
0504
0505
0405
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0404
0404
0505
0505
050
2009 Good 5/4 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes 5
0505
0405
0405
0505
050 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/4 5/5
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0405
0405
0405
0505
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
0404
0305
0405
0405
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 3
0303
0305
0405
0505
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 4/5 5/5 2015 NT
Power Equip. 4
0405
0304
0304
0405
050
2016
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016
NT NT
Good 4/5 5/5 NT
* * * * * * * * * *
4
015
0404
0101
0304
050
2017 Good 4/5 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0505
0405
0504

1 2 3 4 5
T WORSE BETTER
Toyota Matrix ! Good Bet Toyota Prius ! Good Bet
This Corolla-based small wagon is available with either front- or all- The 2010-15 Prius is among the most fuel-efficient cars, returning 44
wheel drive. The 1.8-liter four-cylinder drones loudly and performs mpg overall. The drive battery recharges while coasting or braking
modestly. XRS models use a more powerful engine and come only and the four-door hatchback seamlessly switches between gas
with a six-speed manual and FWD. Handling is fairly nimble, and the and electric modes, and can drive at low speeds on electric power
ride is compliant if a little jittery. Access is very easy, and the rear alone. The ride is firm but compliant, and handling is responsive,
seat is quite roomy. The optional AWD system works well but hurts if not particularly agile. Some controls are complicated. The 2010
acceleration and fuel economy. Folding the rear seats creates a redesign improved the driving position. The plug-in version had
large, flat load floor. The Matrix was redesigned for 2009 with more an electric range of about 12 miles. The redesigned 2016 model
powerful engines and readily available ESC. The ride isn’t harsh, got an incredible 52 mpg overall in our tests. It also handles
but it doesn’t feel steady, even on the highway. Hard plastics make more responsively and rides more comfortably than the previous
the interior feel cheap. Some edges aren’t well finished, and the generation. But cabin access is worse thanks to the lower stance,
headliner looks like cardboard. 2013 was the final year for the Matrix. and the cloth seats feel cheap.

Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard.
ESC available, standard from 2010. ESC available, standard from 2010. FCW and AEB available from
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. 2010, standard from 2017.

2009 $5,800 - $6,700 2009 $6,900 - $8,600
Trouble Toyota Matrix Trouble Toyota Prius
Spots 2010 $6,500 - $7,500 Spots 2010 $8,600 - $10,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,400 - $8,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,500 - $11,100
Engine, Major 1
050* * * 2012 $8,200 - $9,600 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $10,000 - $11,700
Engine Minor 2 050 * * * 2013 $9,000 - $10,600 Engine Minor 5

0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,700 - $12,700
2014 - 2014 $12,800 - $14,300
Engine Cooling 5
050 * * * Engine Cooling 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 - 2015 $15,100 - $16,600
Trans. Major 4
050 * * * Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 - 2016 $18,600 - $18,600
Trans. Minor 5
050 * * * 2017 -
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $18,800 - $23,400
Drive System 2 050 * * * 2018 -
Drive System 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $20,300 - $25,400
Fuel System 2
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Electrical 1
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5050 * * * Model Offset Full Side
Climate Syst. 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
Suspension 5
050 * * * Suspension 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/4 2009 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes 1
040 * * * 2010
Brakes 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2010
Good 5/5 5/4 Good 4/4 5/4
Exhaust 4
030 * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 5/4 5/5
Paint/Trim 2
020 * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0404
0504
0505
0505
050 2012 Good 5/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 4
050 * * * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 5
0504
0504
0505
0405
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 1050 * * * 2014 - - - Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 4/4 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 4/4 5/5
Power Equip. 5
050 * * * - - Power Equip. 3
0203
0504
0504
0505
050
2016 - 2016 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 04 *
5 * *
- - In-Car Electr. 1
033
0404
0405
0405
040
2017 - - - 2017 Good 4/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
050 2018 - - - Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
040 2018 Good 4/4 5/5

T
Toyota Prius C Toyota Prius V ! Good Bet
The Prius C hatchback provides an affordable, smaller alternative for This wagon version of the pre-2016 generation Prius offers a very
those who want a Toyota hybrid for a little less money than the Prius. roomy rear seat and a generous cargo area. It’s about the size of a
But its harsh ride, noisy engine and cabin, and slow acceleration Mazda5 but seats just five. The extra weight and bigger profile take
make it feel more like an econobox than a sophisticated hybrid. a small toll on fuel economy, but the V still got an excellent 41 mpg
It gets very good city fuel economy of 37 mpg, but its overall 43 overall in our tests. Despite lower gearing, the electric motor and
mpg falls 1 mpg short of the larger 2010-2015 Prius. The interior is engine have to work fairly hard, especially when the car is loaded. It
full of cheap-looking materials, the driving position and rear seats drives similarly to the standard Prius, but handling isn’t exactly agile.
are cramped, and there’s not much cargo space. At least the C’s A chair-like seating position, low sills, and big windows combine to
tiny dimensions make it a natural for driving and parking in urban make the Prius V feel open and airy. The standard backup camera
settings. Forward collision warning and automatic emergency is a welcome feature. A weight-saving plastic moonroof is optional.
braking became standard for 2017. 2017 is its final year.

standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2016, standard from 2017. standard.

2009 - 2009 -
Trouble Toyota Prius C Trouble Toyota Prius V
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0 * * 2012 $8,100 - $8,100 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
050 2012 $10,800 - $12,500
Engine Minor 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * 2013 $9,300 - $9,300 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,200 - $14,000
2014 $10,900 - $10,900 2014 $14,800 - $16,700
Engine Cooling 5
0505
05 0 *
0505
0505
050
2015 $13,200 - $13,200 2015 $16,900 - $18,800
Trans. Major 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
050
2016 $14,200 - $15,100 2016 $18,700 - $21,100
Trans. Minor 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * 2017 $15,700 - $18,200
Trans. Minor 5
0505
0505
050 2017 $21,000 - $23,400
Drive System 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * 2018 $17,500 - $19,700
Drive System 5
0505
0505
050 2018 -
Fuel System 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * Fuel System 5
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
0505
05 0 *
Electrical 5
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0505
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0505
Suspension 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * Suspension 5
0505
0505
050
2009 - - - 2009 - - -
Brakes 5
0504
05 0 *
05 * 2010 -
Brakes 5
0404
0505
050 2010 -
- - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * 2011 - - -
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
050 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 3
0405
04 0 *
Paint/Trim 5
0504
0504
050 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 5
0405
05 0 *
05 * 2013 Good 4/4 4/4 Noises & Leaks 5
0505
0505
050 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0505
05 0 *
05 * 2014 Good 4/4 4/4 Body Hardware 5
0505
0505
050 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
2015 Good 4/4 4/4 2015 Good
Power Equip. 3
0305
05 0 *
05 * Power Equip. 5
0404
0504
050 NT NT
2016 Good 4/4 4/4 2016 Good
In-Car Electr. 3
0305
04 0 *
05 * In-Car Electr. 3
0404
0104
050 NT NT
2017 Good 4/4 4/4 2017 Good NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0505
0 2018 Good 4/4 4/4 Verdict 5
0505
0505
050 2018 - - -

1 2 3 4 5
T WORSE BETTER
Toyota RAV4 ! Good Bet Toyota Sequoia ! Good Bet
The RAV4 delivers agility, easy access, and good fuel economy. The Based on the Tundra pickup, the Sequoia shares its refined V8
2006 redesign brought more space, an available third-row seat, and powertrain. This big SUV has an available full-time 4WD system, as
a V6. The V6 averaged 22 mpg in our tests while the four-cylinder well as a third-row seat to accommodate up to eight passengers.
got 23. A 2013 redesign offered just a 2.5-liter four-cylinder and While roomier than the Land Cruiser, it doesn’t ride as comfortably
six-speed automatic, which returned 24 mpg overall. Handling is and has a less sophisticated 4WD system. In 2008 the Sequoia was
nimble and secure, although the ride is firm. The cabin features clear, redesigned on the renewed Tundra platform. A six-speed automatic
intuitive controls but some cheap details are apparent. The redesign and 5.7-liter V8 were available, and returned 15 mpg overall in our
also did away with the awkward side-hinged rear gate, replaced by tests. The roomy third-row seats fold flat into the floor. The 4.7-liter
a more convenient top-hinged hatch. Freshened for 2016, a hybrid V8 was replaced by a 310-hp 4.6-liter in 2010. This model rides
version that delivered impressive fuel economy was offered. Look for better than the old Sequoia but still feels truckish, and handling is
a later-build 2014 RAV4 or 2015 and newer models, because 2013- clumsy. A monster 381-hp, 5.7-liter V8 was also available, producing
2014 RAV4s got a Poor in the driver-side IIHS small-overlap crash very quick acceleration. Fuel economy is respectable for its class, but
test. overall it isn’t great.
Redesign/Freshening: 2013, 2016, 2019. Redesign/Freshening: 2008.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2016, standard from 2017. standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2016, standard from 2017.
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. Drive Wheels: 4WD; Rear.

2009 $7,700 - $10,100 2009 $13,100 - $17,800
Trouble Toyota RAV4 Trouble Toyota Sequoia
Spots 2010 $8,400 - $10,900 Spots 2010 $14,400 - $18,800
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $9,300 - $12,300 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $16,200 - $20,800
Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $10,600 - $14,800 Engine, Major
*4
0 * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2012 $18,700 - $25,100
Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $12,900 - $15,700 Engine Minor
*5
0 * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2013 $20,700 - $27,400
2014 $13,800 - $17,200 2014 $22,700 - $32,400
Engine Cooling 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $15,300 - $19,000
Engine Cooling
*5
0 * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05
2015 $26,800 - $38,200
Trans. Major 5
0505
0504
0505
0505
050
2016 $16,900 - $23,600
Trans. Major
*5
0 * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05
2016 $29,200 - $43,600
Trans. Minor 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2017 $18,100 - $26,200
Trans. Minor
*5
0 * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2017 $32,200 - $48,000
Drive System 3
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 $18,700 - $29,100
Drive System
*3
0 * *4
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2018 $37,800 - $52,300
Fuel System 4
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System
*5
0 * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05
Electrical 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
Electrical
*4
0 * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 5
0505
0405
0505
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
*1
0 * *4
0 *5
05 0 *
05 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension 4
0304
0405
0505
0505
050
2009 Good 5/4 5/5
Suspension
*4
0 * *5
0 *5
03 0 *
05
2009 NT NT NT
Brakes 4
0303
0204
0404
0505
050 2010 Good 5/4 5/5
Brakes
*4
0 * *5
0 *4
04 0 *
04 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good 4/2 5/3
Exhaust
*5
0 * *5
0 *5
05 0 *
05 2011 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim 3
0504
0304
0505
0505
*5
0 * *5
0 *4
04 0 *
05 2012 NT NT NT
Noises & Leaks 3
0403
0404
0404
0505
*5
0 * *5
0 *4
05 0 *
05 2013 NT NT NT
Body Hardware 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
*4
0 * *5
0 *5
02 0 *
05 2014 NT NT NT
2015 Good 4/4 5/5 2015 NT
Power Equip. 5
0505
0505
0505
0405
050
2016
Power Equip.
*5
0 * *5
0 *1
04 0 *
05
2016
NT NT
Good 4/4 5/5 NT
*4* *3
0 *2 0 *
4
0403
0505
0203
0404
050 0501
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 NT NT NT
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0 5
0 5
0405
0 2018 NT NT NT

T
Toyota Sienna ! Good Bet Toyota Tacoma
The Sienna has always had a quiet, composed ride and refined This hard-riding workhorse holds its value surprisingly well, making
powertrains. The front- and middle-row seats are comfortable; the bargain-priced used Tacomas hard to find. Two four-cylinder
third row is hard to access. Cargo space in earlier models was less engines are offered, along with the more desirable 3.4-liter V6. The
generous than in larger competitors. Fuel economy from the smooth, ride is pretty terrible, bucking and jittering constantly on anything
strong V6 was a relatively good 19 mpg. Handling was responsive but smooth pavement. Stopping distances are long on models
and secure but less agile than the Honda Odyssey. AWD models without antilock brakes. The cabin’s high floor and low roof make
came with run-flat tires for a time but they were said to be prone access tricky and compromise the driving position. Later models
to fast wear. The 2011 redesign has some good points but interior offered a 4.0-liter V6, which provided strong performance and
quality and noise isolation took a step backward. The 3.5-liter V6 is competitive fuel economy. But the ride was still stiff and the driving
lively and returns a respectable 20-mpg overall in our tests, while the position uncomfortable. Payload capacity is relatively small, but
AWD version sacrifices just 1 mpg. The 2017 got a new eight-speed the TRD-equipped trucks are excellent off-road. The 2016 redesign
automatic that replaced the six-speed. brought a more efficient 3.5-liter V6 engine hooked up to either a
six-speed manual or a six-speed automatic transmission.
standard. FCW and AEB optional from 2016, standard from 2017. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags
Drive Wheels: AWD; Front. standard. FCW and AEB standard from 2017.

2009 $6,300 - $9,200 2009 $6,500 - $16,400
Trouble Toyota Sienna Trouble Toyota Tacoma
Spots 2010 $6,500 - $9,900 Spots 2010 $7,200 - $17,700
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,900 - $13,900 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,600 - $18,800
Engine, Major 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,100 - $15,500 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $9,900 - $20,600
Engine Minor 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $11,900 - $17,600 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0405
050 2013 $11,000 - $22,600
4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2015 $15,900 - $25,200 2015 $16,800 - $26,000
Trans. Major 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
2016 $18,300 - $27,200 2016 $18,700 - $31,700
Trans. Minor 4
0305
0505
0505
0504
050 Trans. Minor 4
0505
0505
0505
0303
050
2017 $20,300 - $30,600 2017 $19,900 - $39,200
Drive System 3
0403
0505
0505
0505
050 Drive System 1
0205
0404
0505
0304
050
2018 $24,100 - $34,900 2018 $21,100 - $40,200
Fuel System 4
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0505
0305
0505
0505
050
Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050
Climate Syst. 2
0403
0504
0405
0505
Climate Syst. 3
0204
0402
0403
0504
Suspension 2
0304
0405
0304
0505
050 Suspension 2
0303
0504
0505
0505
050
2009 Good 4/5 5/5 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 3
0304
0404
0304
0505
050 Brakes 4
0404
0503
0405
0405
050
2010 Good 4/5 5/5 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 3
0404
0504
0505
0505
050
2011 Good 5/2 5/5 2011 Good 4/2 4/5
Paint/Trim 4
0303
0305
0404
0505
0404
0505
0505
0505
050 2012
Good 5/3 5/5 Good 4/3 4/5
Noises & Leaks 1
0104
0304
0202
0403
0404
0504
0404
0404
040 2013 Good 4/3 4/5
Body Hardware 4
0302
0204
0302
0405
0505
0505
0405
0505
050 2014 Good 4/3 4/5
4
0302
0304
0302
0304
050 4
0404
0505
0504
0405
050
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 4/4 4/5
In-Car Electr. 4
032
0404
0403
0404
034
0505
0405
0404
050
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 4/4 4/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0304
0505
0404
0503
050 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 4
0405
0505
0505
0302
030 2018 Good 4/4 4/5

1 2 3 4 5
T WORSE BETTER
Toyota Tundra ! Good Bet Toyota Venza ! Good Bet
The original Tundra was smaller sized than the bigger trucks from Difficult to classify, the Venza straddles the station wagon and
Detroit but it handled fairly well and had a comfortable ride and SUV worlds. Assets include easy cabin access, a quiet interior, and
quiet cabin. The extended cab’s rear bench is cramped. 2004 a roomy rear seat. The rear hatch and large load floor aid cargo
brought optional ESC and a true crew-cab. Updates for 2005 flexibility. The refined 3.5-liter V6 engine provides plenty of power
included a larger V8 and a new 4.0-liter V6. A redesigned Tundra and a respectable 20 mpg overall. A four-cylinder is also available.
arrived in 2007. This truck is a true full-size pickup, with three cab Handling is secure but the steering is short on feedback, hurting
sizes and different bed lengths. Its 5.7-liter V8 is rewardingly powerful agility. The stiff, jittery ride is un-Toyota-like, and quasi-sporty
and the six-speed automatic is very smooth and responsive. This styling impairs the view out. A rear camera helps when reversing,
combination produced a competitive 15 mpg overall. Off-road but its dashboard screen is very small. Updates for 2013 included
capability is impressive as is towing capacity. One nice touch is the more modern infotainment, changed exterior styling, and slightly
easy-to-lift dampened tailgate. The Tundra hasn’t changed much, improved interior finish. The Venza was discontinued after 2015.
although it did receive an updated interior and new exterior styling
as part of the 2014 freshening. Redesign/Freshening: 2009.
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags Drive Wheels: AWD; Front.
standard. FCW and AEB standard from 2017.

2009 $9,000 - $19,600 2009 $9,000 - $10,600
Trouble Toyota Tundra Trouble Toyota Venza
Spots 2010 $10,100 - $20,300 Spots 2010 $9,600 - $11,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,400 - $22,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,600 - $12,300
Engine, Major 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 2012 $13,100 - $25,000 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0 2012 $11,200 - $15,300
Engine Minor 5
0304
0505
0505
0505
050 2013 $14,400 - $27,100 Engine Minor 5
0505
0505
0505
0 2013 $11,600 - $16,100
1
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 5
0505
0505
0505
0
2015 $16,900 - $34,000 2015 $15,300 - $20,700
Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0
2016 $18,800 - $37,200 2016 -
Trans. Minor 5
0305
0505
0505
0505
050 Trans. Minor 5
0505
0405
0505
0
2017 $21,500 - $40,000 2017 -
Drive System 3
0205
0505
0505
0505
050 Drive System 2
0305
0505
0505
0
2018 $26,800 - $44,200 2018 -
Fuel System 2
0102
0505
0505
0505
050 Fuel System 5
0504
0505
0505
0
Electrical 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
050 Electrical 5
0505
0505
0505
0
Climate Syst. 3
0504
0504
0505
0505
Climate Syst. 5
0504
0504
0505
Suspension 3
0405
0403
0505
0505
050 Suspension 3
0405
0405
0505
0
2009 Good 4/4 NT 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 5
0303
0104
0405
0505
050 Brakes 3
0304
0404
0405
0
2010 Good 5/5 NT 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0505
050 Exhaust 5
0505
0505
0505
0
2011 Good NT NT 2011 Good 4/2 5/5
Paint/Trim 5
0403
0505
0505
0404
0504
0505
0505
0 2012
Good 4/3 5/5 Good 4/2 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
0305
0505
0505
0504
0305
0405
0504
0 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 5
0504
0505
0505
0505
0404
0505
0505
0 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
4
0504
0502
0405
0404
050 5
0405
0405
0405
0
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 - - -
In-Car Electr. 4
0405
0504
0103
0404
0505
0404
0402
0
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 4
0305
0505
0505
0504
050 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 5
0505
0505
0505
0 2018 - - -

V
Toyota Yaris Volkswagen Beetle
The Yaris offers excellent fuel economy of 32 mpg overall in the The Beetle is available as a hatchback or convertible. We found
sedan with the automatic transmission, and 30 in the hatchback. But the ride composed and handling fairly nimble, but the clownlike
the driving position forces the driver to sit with arms extended and high roofline and expansive windshield make it hard to block the
legs bent, which is annoying. We aren’t fans of the center-mounted sun. The rear is cramped, though the seats fold for increased cargo
gauge cluster and the cabin’s cheap fit and finish. Acceleration is space. Various engines have been available, including an anemic
adequate, but engine drone intrudes. At least the ride is compliant base four-cylinder that was replaced by a gruff and thirsty five-
and handling is reasonably responsive and secure with ESC, though cylinder; a couple of turbocharged four-cylinders; and an efficient
earlier models could be a handful. The 2012 redesign included a four-cylinder turbodiesel. The Beetle was redesigned for 2012, with a
reworked interior moved the speedometer to the traditional position more normal driving position. While the ride is acceptable, it’s a bit
behind the steering wheel. However, the Yaris remained rough and unsettled. Handling is responsive but not sporty, and it gets sloppy
very Spartan, with ho-hum handling and slow acceleration. All 2017 in demanding conditions. Wind noise is excessive and visibility is
models came with standard forward collision warning with low- limited. For 2018, the 1.8-liter turbo four-cylinder was replaced by a
speed automatic braking, and lane departure warning. 2.0-liter turbo, and the manual transmissions was dropped.

Safety Equipment: ABS, side and head protection air bags standard. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side air bags standard. No head
ESC standard from 2010. protection air bags offered.

2009 $4,400 - $5,500 2009 -
Trouble Toyota Yaris Trouble Volkswagen Beetle
Spots 2010 $4,700 - $5,300 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,100 - $5,800 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 -
Engine, Major 5
050*5
0 * * * * * * 2012 $5,500 - $7,000 Engine, Major
* * *2
0505
05 0 *
05 2012 $6,600 - $8,500
Engine Minor 4 050 *5

0 * * * * * * 2013 $6,100 - $7,800 Engine Minor
* * *5
0504
05 0 *
05 2013 $7,500 - $11,000
2014 $7,000 - $8,600 2014 $8,200 - $14,200
Engine Cooling 5
050 *5
0 * * * * * * Engine Cooling
* * *5
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 $8,900 - $10,800 2015 $10,300 - $17,500
Trans. Major 5
050 *5
0 * * * * * * Trans. Major
* * *5
0505
05 0 *
05
2016 $10,000 - $11,900 2016 $11,300 - $21,500
Trans. Minor 5
050 *5
0 * * * * * * 2017 $11,100 - $13,100
Trans. Minor
* * *5
0504
05 0 *
05 2017 $13,800 - $21,200
Drive System 5 050 *5
0 * * * * * * 2018 $11,700 - $14,800
Drive System
* * *2
0504
05 0 *
05 2018 $15,300 - $21,800
Fuel System 5
040 *5
0 * * * * * * Fuel System
* * *2
0505
05 0 *
05
Electrical 5
050 *4
0 * * * * * * Crash-Test Results
Electrical
* * *5
0205
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 5040 *5
0 * * * * * * Model Offset Full Side
Climate Syst.
* * *4
0104
04 0 *
Suspension 5
050 *5
0 * * * * * * Suspension
* * *4
0503
05 0 *
05
2009 Good 4/4 4/4 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes 5
030 *3
0 * * * * * * 2010
Brakes
* * *1
0504
05 0 *
05 2010
Good 4/4 4/4 Good 4/4 5/3
Exhaust 4
050 *5
0 * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * *2
0505
05 0 *
05 2011 - - -
Paint/Trim 3
010 *3
0 * * * * * * 2012 Good 5/4 5/5 Paint/Trim
* * *1
0105
01 0 *
05 2012 Good 4/4 5/5
Noises & Leaks 5
010 *1
0 * * * * * * 2013 Good 5/4 5/5 Noises & Leaks
* * *1
0504
01 0 *
05 2013 Good 5/4 5/5
Body Hardware 4050 *5
0 * * * * * * 2014 Good 5/4 5/5 Body Hardware
* * *5
0202
01 0 *
05 2014 Good 5/4 5/5
2015 Good 5/4 5/5 2015 Good 5/4 5/5
Power Equip. 5
040 *5
0 * * * * * * Power Equip.
* * *5
0503
05 0 *
01
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 02 * 5
4 0 * * * * * * In-Car Electr.
* * *3
0505
01 0 *
04
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 5
050 5
0303
0304
0 2018 Good 5/4 NT

1 2 3 4 5
V WORSE BETTER
Volkswagen CC Volkswagen Eos
The CC, a four-door coupe version of the VW Passat, is enjoyable The Eos convertible can be considered the successor to the
to drive, thanks to its agile and responsive handling and attractive Volkswagen Cabrio. It’s a Jetta-based four-seater equipped with
cabin. But style trumps function here, with less interior space, a folding metal hard top. One novel feature for a convertible is a
worse visibility, and more difficult access than the regular Passat. built-in sunroof that can be opened when the hardtop is closed. The
It seats only four, limiting its practicality further. The taut ride is seats are comfortable and interior fit and finish is impressive. Head-
compliant and composed, particularly on the highway. The 2.0-liter protecting curtain airbags are housed in the doors. Power comes
turbocharged four-cylinder engine pulls strongly and returns 24 mpg; from a 2.0-liter, turbocharged four-cylinder, with Volkswagen’s
a 3.6-liter V6 and all-wheel drive are optional. The bespoke interior responsive sequential-shift DSG transmission. A 3.2-liter V6 was
is very well-finished, but some controls are awkward to use or hard available on 2007 to 2008 models. The manual transmission was
to read. Upgrades over time brought a more efficient automatic dropped in 2012. The final year of production was 2015.
transmission. For 2013 the rear cabin was reconfigured to seat three
instead of just two. USB ports were finally added for 2016, as well as Redesign/Freshening: 2007.
lane-keeping assist and adaptive cruise control. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard.
Redesign/Freshening: 2009. Drive Wheels: Front.
standard.

2009 $5,400 - $6,100 2009 $5,200 - $5,800
Trouble Volkswagen CC Trouble Volkswagen Eos
Spots 2010 $5,600 - $6,800 Spots 2010 $5,900 - $6,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $6,200 - $8,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,300 - $8,200
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * 2012 $7,000 - $10,400 Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * 2012 $9,000 - $9,400
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2013 $8,800 - $12,200 Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * 2013 $11,200 - $13,100
2014 $10,800 - $14,600 2014 $13,700 - $15,400
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * 2015 $13,100 - $17,900
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * 2015 $16,800 - $19,100
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * 2016 $14,300 - $20,400
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * 2016 $19,400 - $19,400
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * 2017 $18,300 - $20,300
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * Fuel System
* * * * * * * *
Electrical
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * 2009 Good 4/4 5/4
Suspension
* * * * * * * * 2009 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes
* * * * * * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 2015 Good
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * 2016 Good
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * 2016 Good
NT NT
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2017 Good NT NT 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 2018 - - - Verdict 2018 - - -

V
Volkswagen Golf Volkswagen GTI
The Golf has long been solid, practical, and fun-to-drive. Versions The GTI is a sporty version of the Golf. A much-improved GTI
with the diesel engine get great fuel economy, and they have among arrived in 2006; a four-door version became available in 2007. The
the lowest depreciation of any cars, making them very cheap to own. 2010 redesign made the car even more engaging, with super-agile
An up-level GTI trim line is the sporty version. For 2007, a redesigned handling, a crisp shifter, and an invigorating exhaust note. The Golf
Golf was renamed the Rabbit, after the same car from the 1970s, R adds more power and all-wheel-drive, but it isn’t that much more
and supplied with a responsive but gruff and inefficient 2.5-liter enjoyable to drive. The GTI excels at combining everyday practicality
five-cylinder engine. We found its handling agile and secure and the with being fun-to-drive. It has a fairly civilized ride and is relatively
ride fairly comfortable. The Golf name returned with the impressive quiet. The hatchback adds versatility. Fit and finish is very good and
2010 redesign. We got 38 mpg overall from the diesel. Interior quality the torso-hugging sports seats are supportive yet comfortable. The
improved and the car had responsive handling, supportive front seats, GTI was redesigned for 2015. Updates for 2016 included available
and a good ride. A wagon and a high-performance AWD Golf R were adaptive cruise control, forward-collision warning and automatic
added to the 2015 redesign. The 170-hp, 1.8-liter four-cylinder turbo, emergency braking.
that replaced the five-cylinder engine, is smoother and more refined.
Drive Wheels: Front

2009 - 2009 $6,500 - $6,800
Trouble Volkswagen Golf Trouble Volkswagen GTI
Spots 2010 $5,400 - $6,500 Spots 2010 $7,700 - $8,400
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,900 - $7,700 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,800 - $10,100
Engine, Major 2
0504
050 *5
0505
050 2012 $6,700 - $18,200 Engine, Major
*1
0 *1
0 * *5
0505
050 2012 $10,700 - $11,800
Engine Minor 1
0205
050 *5
0504
050 2013 $7,200 - $19,000 Engine Minor
*1
0 *1
0 * *5
0405
050 2013 $12,000 - $14,400
2014 $9,100 - $9,400 2014 $13,100 - $14,700
Engine Cooling 5
0405
050 *5
0505
050 Engine Cooling
*1
0 *3
0 * *4
0405
050
2015 $8,800 - $25,400 2015 $14,800 - $17,900
Trans. Major 4
0503
050 *5
0505
050 Trans. Major
*5
0 *4
0 * *5
0405
050
2016 $10,500 - $28,400 2016 $16,700 - $19,700
Trans. Minor 5
0503
040 *4
0305
050 2017 $13,000 - $31,700
Trans. Minor
*5
0 *4
0 * *5
0305
050 2017 $18,900 - $23,300
Drive System 4
0305
040 *3
0505
030 2018 $14,800 - $36,600
Drive System
*5
0 *5
0 * *5
0505
050 2018 $21,300 - $27,700
Fuel System 1
0101
010 *3
0305
030 Fuel System
*1
0 *3
0 * *5
0205
050
Electrical 4
0405
040 *5
0505
Electrical
*1
0 *3
0 * *5
0505
Climate Syst. 4
0201
040 *2
0504
Climate Syst.
*5
0 *1
0 * *3
0405
Suspension 5
0203
040 *4
0305
050 Suspension
*5
0 *4
0 * *5
0405
050
2009 - - - 2009 NT NT NT
Brakes 3
0403
040 *5
0505
050 2010
Brakes
*5
0 *4
0 * *5
0505
050 2010
Good 4/4 5/5 NT 4/4 5/5
Exhaust 4
0505
010 *4
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
*5
0 *5
0 * *5
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 1
0105
050 *5
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
*5
0 *5
0 * *5
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
0401
040 *4
0104
*1
0 *4
0 * *3
0102
050 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 4
0505
050 *4
0405
*2
0 *4
0 * *4
0405
050 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 2015 Good
Power Equip. 3
0505
050 *2
0305
050 NT NT Power Equip.
*5
0 *2
0 * *2
0203
050 NT NT
2016 Good 5/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4103
040 *4
0504
050 In-Car Electr.
*5*40 * *4
0504
050
2017 Good 5/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0303
040 2
0204
010 2018 Good 5/4 5/5 Verdict 2
0 2
0 3
0104
010 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
V WORSE BETTER
Volkswagen Jetta Volkswagen Jetta/Golf SportWagen
The Jetta was long a bit of a jewel, a beautifully finished, sharp- Basically a Golf wagon, the Jetta SportWagen has a quiet, taut, and
handling premium small car. Before its 2006 redesign, the backseat composed ride and responsive handling. The well-executed interior
was particularly cramped, but the car rode smoothly. For 2006, offers a lot of usable space in a small footprint. Acceleration is a
the Jetta grew larger, and the base four-cylinder was replaced by bit leisurely with the diesel, but it has strong mid-range thrust. Our
a torquier but gruff five-cylinder. We tested a turbodiesel wagon manual-shift version got an outstanding 36 mpg overall and 49 mpg
with a manual and it averaged an impressive 36 mpg. The 2011 on the highway. The 2.5-liter gas engine returned 23 mpg overall.
redesign brought an even more spacious rear seat, but it also had The automated manual works well. The Golf SportWagen replaced
cheaper interior materials and handling that wasn’t as crisp. The car the Jetta version for 2015, and came with an all-new 150-hp, 2.0-liter
has been improved gradually since then. A hybrid debuted in 2013, turbodiesel engine mated to a six-speed manual or six-speed dual-
and got 37 mpg. New for 2016 was a refined and energetic 1.4-liter clutch automatic. A 170-hp, 1.8-liter gas-turbo was also available
turbocharged four-cylinder that got 32 mpg overall in our testing. with a five-speed manual or six-speed automatic. The gas engine
The 2016 model also offered forward collision warning and blind and automatic returned 28 mpg overall. The diesel delivered a
spot warning, . most-impressive 37 mpg overall and 51 mpg on the highway.

Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, and side and head protection air bags Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags
standard. standard.

2009 $4,400 - $6,400 2009 $5,700 - $6,400
Trouble Volkswagen Jetta Trouble Volkswagen Jetta/Golf
Spots 2010 $5,000 - $8,400 Spots SportWagen 2010 $6,900 - $7,200
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,500 - $7,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,000 - $8,800
Engine, Major 5
0501
0505
0505
0505
0* 2012 $6,300 - $8,500 Engine, Major 5
0505
0505
0505
0 * 2012 $7,200 - $9,100
Engine Minor 5 0201

0201
0504
05 0 *
05 2013 $5,500 - $9,600 Engine Minor 4
0405
0305
03 0 *
05 2013 $8,800 - $10,200
2014 $6,900 - $12,500 2014 $10,600 - $11,600
Engine Cooling 5
0303
0505
0505
05 0 *
05 Engine Cooling 4
0505
0505
05 0 *
05
2015 $9,000 - $15,000 2015 $13,400 - $16,800
Trans. Major 3
0305
0502
0505
05 0 *
05 Trans. Major 4
0105
0505
05 0 *
05
2016 $10,700 - $17,400 2016 $14,500 - $17,800
Trans. Minor 3
0305
0404
0405
05 0 *
05 2017 $12,300 - $18,700
Trans. Minor 2
0405
0505
03 0 *
05 2017 $16,200 - $20,200
Drive System 1 0405
0305
0404
05 0 *
05 2018 $13,100 - $21,000
Drive System 4
0404
0505
05 0 *
05 2018 $17,200 - $22,300
Fuel System 2
0101
0101
0405
05 0 *
05 Fuel System 1
0101
0103
02 0 *
05
Electrical 5
0203
0501
0405
05 0 *
Electrical 2
0503
0505
05 0 *
Climate Syst. 20103
0101
0504
04 0 *
Climate Syst. 1
0203
0503
03 0 *
Suspension 3
0304
0404
0105
05 0 *
05 Suspension 5
0401
0105
05 0 *
05
2009 Good 4/4 5/5 2009 - - -
Brakes 3
0401
0104
0405
03 0 *
05 2010
Brakes 2
0204
0505
04 0 *
05 2010
Good 4/4 5/5 - - -
Exhaust 5
0304
0505
0405
05 0 *
05 2011 Good 4/4 4/5
Exhaust 5
0405
0303
05 0 *
05 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 3
0305
0304
0405
05 0 *
05 2012 Good 4/4 4/5 Paint/Trim 2
0104
0505
05 0 *
05 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
0201
0203
0304
04 0 *
0101
0404
01 0 *
04 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 40304
0204
0505
04 0 *
0304
0505
05 0 *
05 2014 Good NT NT
2015 Good 4/4 5/5 2015 Good
Power Equip. 1
0201
0301
0305
04 0 *
05 Power Equip. 4
0101
0503
04 0 *
05 NT NT
2016 Good 4/4 5/5 2016 Good 5/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 5
0110503
0504
03 0 *
04 In-Car Electr. 1
0405
0205
01 0 *
04
2017 Good 4/4 5/5 2017 Good 5/4 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0201
0301
0304
0405
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 3
0102
0403
0205
0 2018 Good 5/4 5/5

V
Volkswagen Passat Volkswagen Tiguan
Volkswagen’s roomy mid-sized sedan had a comfortable, quiet ride, The original Tiguan bridged the gap between compact and luxury-
capable handling, and an interior that exuded quality. In 2006 the compact SUVs. We liked the quiet cabin, roomy rear seat, and
Passat was redesigned and grew larger. The 2.0-liter turbo four- excellent fit and finish, and the front seats are very supportive.
cylinder got 24 mpg while the quicker, stronger 3.6-liter V6 got 22 However, cargo room is quite modest. Handling is agile and secure,
mpg in our tests. AWD is available but makes the car slower and and the ride is comfortable, although beware of versions with the 19-
thirstier. Fit and finish remained excellent. The 2012 redesign brought inch tires; they’re noisier and ride stiffly. The 2.0-liter, turbocharged
lots of room front and rear but a step backward in fit and finish. The four-cylinder engine delivers smooth and punchy performance
turbo four-cylinder got good fuel economy and the car feels solid and yielded 20 mpg overall in our tests. For 2012, the Tiguan got a
and substantial with comfortable seats, and the massive trunks mild freshening, resulting in a boost in fuel economy. The second-
means it’s easy to carry luggage for four passengers. For 2014, a generation Tiguan debuted for 2018, grew larger, and offered a
1.8-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine replaced the base five- third-row seat. The cabin is among the quietest in the segment, with
cylinder to improve fuel economy and refinement. Forward collision just a bit of engine noise when revved. Fuel economy improved to 25
warning and blind spot warning became available for 2016. mpg overall.

standard. standard.

2009 $4,600 - $5,100 2009 $5,000 - $6,300
Trouble Volkswagen Passat Trouble Volkswagen Tiguan
Spots 2010 $5,500 - $6,000 Spots 2010 $5,300 - $7,400
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 - 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $5,900 - $8,400
Engine, Major
* * 5
0504
0505
0505
0 2012 $5,900 - $9,300 Engine, Major 1
0*1
0101
0505
0405
050 2012 $7,300 - $9,700
Engine Minor
* * 2
0504
0505
0505
0 2013 $6,700 - $11,100 Engine Minor 1 0 *1
0103
0305
0503
050 2013 $8,400 - $11,700
2014 $8,000 - $12,600 2014 $9,800 - $15,200
Engine Cooling
* * 5
0504
0505
0505
0
2015 $9,600 - $15,000
0 *2
Engine Cooling 1 0103
0505
0505
050
2015 $10,500 - $16,400
Trans. Major
* * 5
0504
0505
0505
0
2016 $11,500 - $18,600
Trans. Major 0 *5
5 0404
0505
0505
050
2016 $12,000 - $17,500
Trans. Minor
* * 5
0505
0505
0505
0 2017 $13,900 - $20,600
Trans. Minor 0 *1
5 0304
0505
0505
050 2017 $14,300 - $21,500
Drive System
* * 5
0404
0504
0504
0 2018 $16,400 - $23,600
Drive System 1 0 *4
0205
0405
0505
050 2018 $18,000 - $27,800
Fuel System
* * 1
0101
0405
0505
0 Fuel System 0 *1
1 0101
0505
0405
050
Electrical
* * 4
0505
0505
0505
Electrical 0 *1
1 0101
0505
0505
Climate Syst.
* * 2
0102
0205
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 50 *4
0305
0405
0505
050 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * 2
0204
0404
0503
0
2009 Good 4/4 5/4
Suspension 0 *1
2 0404
0504
0505
050
2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * 2
0304
0304
0505
0 2010 Good 4/4 5/4
Brakes 0 *3
3 0204
0202
0505
050 2010 Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust
* * 5
0305
0505
0505
0 2011 - - -
Exhaust 0 *5
5 0505
0505
0505
050 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * 4
0504
0505
0505
0 2012 Good 5/5 4/5 Paint/Trim 0 *5
1 0305
0405
0505
050 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * 5
0404
0303
0405
0 2013 Good 5/5 4/5 0 *1
Noises & Leaks 1 0101
0505
0302
040 2013 Good 4/3 5/5
Body Hardware
* * 4
0402
0405
0505
0 2014 Good 5/5 4/5 Body Hardware 20 *5
0305
0405
0405
050 2014 Good 4/3 5/5
2015 Good 5/5 4/5 2015 Good 4/3 5/5
Power Equip.
* * 2
0101
0403
0405
0
2016
Power Equip. 0 *1
1 0303
0305
0205
030
2016
Good 4/4 5/5 Good 4/3 5/5
In-Car Electr.
* * 5
0201
0304
0505
0
2017 Good 4/4 5/5
In-Car Electr. 0 *5
1 0102
0505
0402
040
2017 Good 4/3 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0201
0304
0501
0 2018 Good 4/4 5/5 Verdict 1
0 1
0101
0405
0304
020 2018 Good NT 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
V WORSE BETTER
Volkswagen Touareg Volvo C30
The Touareg is a luxury SUV co-developed with the Porsche This pleasant two-door, four-seat hatchback it isn’t really engaging
Cayenne. Unlike most car-derived SUVs, the first-generation Touareg to drive. Power comes from a hardworking turbocharged 2.5-liter,
was an impressive off-roader. On regular roads the ride is compliant, five-cylinder engine that delivered a reasonable 25 mpg overall.
though a bit jiggly at low speeds. The interior is very quiet. Handling The manual transmission shifts easily and smoothly. The ride is
is responsive, with sharp steering. The cargo area is slightly smaller compliant, and the cabin is relatively quiet. We found the C30 to be
than the Passat wagon’s and many controls are overly complicated. neither as agile nor as exciting as competitors like the Mini Cooper
The 3.6-liter V6 has a lot of weight to move, but it provides sufficient or VW GTI. A tight 36-foot turning circle is an asset. Passengers
performance. However, it’s on the slow side for this class, and gets will find a relatively comfortable interior that works well even on
only 15 mpg in mixed driving on premium fuel. The 2011 redesign was the longest trips. It came equipped with standard curtain air bags;
a huge improvement: agile, solid, comfortable, and plush. The low- Volvo’s blind-spot warning system was optional. 2013 was the final
speed ride is overly firm; however, it is steady on the highway. The year for the C30.
Touareg was dropped after the 2017 model year.
Drive Wheels: AWD.

2009 $7,600 - $10,800 2009 $5,700 - $6,400
Trouble Volkswagen Touareg Trouble Volvo C30
Spots 2010 $8,700 - $10,000 Spots 2010 $6,700 - $7,700
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,700 - $14,600 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,900 - $9,000
Engine, Major
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * 2012 $12,700 - $16,700 Engine, Major
* * * * * 2012 $9,200 - $10,500
Engine Minor
* * * *5
010 *5
0 * 2013 $14,300 - $18,600 Engine Minor
* * * * * 2013 $10,700 - $11,900
2014 $16,100 - $25,000 2014 -
Engine Cooling
* * * *5
050 *5
0 *
2015 $19,900 - $31,000
Engine Cooling
* * * * * 2015 -
Trans. Major
* * * *5
050 *5
0 *
2016 $23,600 - $32,000
Trans. Major
* * * * * 2016 -
Trans. Minor
* * * *4
050 *5
0 * 2017 $27,200 - $33,000
Trans. Minor
* * * * * 2017 -
Drive System
* * * *4
020 *5
0 * 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * 2018 -
Fuel System
* * * *1
010 *4
0 * Fuel System
* * * * *
Electrical
* * * *5
050 *5
Electrical
Climate Syst.
* * * *3
030 *5
0 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * *4
050 *5
0 *
2009 NT 5/5 5/5
Suspension
* * * * * 2009 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * * *2
050 *5
0 * 2010 NT 5/5 5/5
Brakes
* * * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * *3
010 *3
0 * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * *4
050 *3
0 * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks
* * * *3
020 *3
0 * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware
* * * *5
050 *5
0 * 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * 2014 - - -
2015 Good 2015 -
Power Equip.
* * * *5
010 *5
0 *
2016 Good
NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * 2016 -
- -
* * * *4 0 *1
0 * * * * * *
04
2017 Good NT NT 2017 - - -
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
010 5
0 2018 - - - Verdict 2018 - - -

V
Volvo C70 Volvo S60/V60
The C70 coupe has nicely weighted steering and good brakes. Its The first-generation S60 sedan was more stylish than the boxy S70
2.4-liter turbo five-cylinder is very responsive in everyday driving. it replaced, but rather disappointing overall. The ride, though better
Handling is capable and braking is good, but the ride is stiff. A than the S70’s, is still a bit stiff and jiggly, and handling is not really
convertible was also available, and was the only body style offered agile or sporty. The cabin is quiet, and the seats very comfortable,
in 2004, the last year of production for this generation. A new C70 but the rear is cramped. The confusing audio controls remain
convertible with seating for four debuted for 2006, with a power- throughout the model years. A 2011 redesign made the S60 much
operated retractable hardtop and a turbocharged five-cylinder nicer, with agile handling and a taut, steady ride. The standard
engine. Handling is sound but the ride is a little stiff. The interior is T5 is pretty lively but the top-level T6 is quicker and more refined.
well finished. The C70 features the standard assortment of Volvo Rear and side visibility are problematic. The interior is quiet and
safety features. 2013 was the C70’s final year. well-finished, and the front seats are very comfortable. All wheel
drive was optional, and in 2015 the V60 wagon version was added.
Redesign/Freshening: 2006. Updates for 2016 included a new Inscription model, which added
Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags almost three inches of rear leg room and other high-end trim bits.
standard.
Drive Wheels: Front. Redesign/Freshening: 2001, 2011, 2019.
standard.

2009 $6,400 - $8,800 2009 $5,600 - $6,500
Trouble Volvo C70 Trouble Volvo S60/V60
Spots 2010 $7,300 - $9,700 Spots 2010 -
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,700 - $11,200 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,900 - $10,700
Engine, Major
* *5
0 *5
0 2012 $11,300 - $13,800 Engine, Major
* * *2
0505
0305
050 * 2012 $8,600 - $16,500
Engine Minor
* *4
0 *4
0 2013 $14,900 - $17,400 Engine Minor
* * *2
0501
0505
050 * 2013 $9,900 - $17,400
2014 - 2014 $12,900 - $19,700
Engine Cooling
* *5
0 *5
0
2015 -
Engine Cooling
* * *5
0505
0505
050 *
2015 $14,200 - $22,900
Trans. Major
* *5
0 *2
0
2016 -
Trans. Major
* * *5
0505
0505
050 *
2016 $15,200 - $25,900
Trans. Minor
* *5
0 *2
0 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2017 $19,400 - $31,200
Drive System
* *1
0 *5
0 2018 -
Drive System
* * *5
0405
0505
050 * 2018 $24,000 - $32,800
Fuel System
* *2
0 *5
0 Fuel System
* * *1
0404
0405
050 *
Electrical
* *1
0 *5
Electrical
* * *5
0405
0405
Climate Syst.
* *1
0 *1
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst.
* * *1
0501
0505
050 * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* *1
0 *2
0
2009 Good NT NT
Suspension
* * *3
0501
0404
040 *
2009 Good 4/4 5/5
Brakes
* *1
0 *2
0 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes
* * *4
0305
0505
050 * 2010 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* *5
0 *5
0 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * *5
0505
0505
050 * 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* *5
0 *5
0 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * *3
0405
0405
040 * 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* *5
0 *2
* * *3
0405
0405
040 * 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* *5
0 *4
* * *5
0305
0505
040 * 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 - 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* *2
0 *1
0
2016
- - Power Equip.
* * *1
0301
0204
040 *
2016
- Good 5/5 5/5
* *4
0 *5 * * *3 0 *
0 0402
0202
02
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 1
0 1
0 2018 - - - Verdict 3
0402
0304
040 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

1 2 3 4 5
V WORSE BETTER
Volvo S80, S90 Volvo XC60
Volvo’s flagship sedan was never a top contender in its class. It has The XC60 is a compact, upscale SUV that feels solid and substantial,
lots of interior room and secure handling, but some controls are but it isn’t as sporty as some competitors. The ride is stiff but
awkward. Volvo redesigned the S80 for 2007. The top trim has a V8 handling is responsive and secure at its limits. The 281-hp, 3.0-liter
engine and all-wheel drive, while the front-wheel-drive models use a turbo six-cylinder performs well, but fuel economy is a mediocre 17
3.2-liter six or a 3.0-liter turbo six. The rear seat is smaller than in the mpg overall. A 3.2-liter six is also available. Most exterior noises are
previous generation, the ride was stiff, and some controls remained well suppressed. The cabin is attractively finished with high-quality
confusing. Optional advanced driver assistance systems include materials and offers integrated child booster seats in the rear seat.
blind spot warning and active cruise control. 2016 was the final year The seats are well shaped and comfortable but rear leg room is a bit
for S80, which was replaced for 2017 with the all-new S90. It offers tight. A wide variety of advanced safety features were standard. The
two turbo four-cylinder engines and all-wheel drive. We recorded a second-generation XC60 debuted for 2018, sharing a platform with
decent 23 mpg overall. The S90 has a roomy, well-finished interior, XC90 and S/V90. But the controls were confusing, ride was unduly
but the ride is and the controls are complex. stiff, and the engine sounded unpolished when revved.

standard. standard.

2009 $6,200 - $8,200 2009 -
Trouble Volvo S80, S90 Trouble Volvo XC60
Spots 2010 $6,500 - $9,000 Spots 2010 $7,600 - $9,500
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $7,500 - $9,000 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,100 - $11,500
Engine, Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 $9,300 - $11,900 Engine, Major 2
0504
0504
0505
0505
0 2012 $10,300 - $14,200
Engine Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 $11,500 - $14,800 Engine Minor 1
0304
0503
0405
0505
0 2013 $12,600 - $17,600
2014 $13,700 - $17,600 2014 $16,300 - $20,600
Engine Cooling
* * * * * * * * * * 2015 $15,600 - $22,200
Engine Cooling 1
0404
0505
0405
0505
0
2015 $15,300 - $27,800
Trans. Major
* * * * * * * * * * 2016 $18,200 - $19,800
Trans. Major 5
0504
0404
0505
0505
0
2016 $18,900 - $31,900
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * * * * * 2017 $29,000 - $36,500
Trans. Minor 4
0501
0403
0505
0505
0 2017 $26,300 - $35,500
Drive System
* * * * * * * * * * 2018 $31,200 - $49,000
Drive System 3
0405
0504
0305
0505
0 2018 $37,400 - $50,700
Fuel System
* * * * * * * * * * Fuel System 1
0105
0505
0304
0504
0
Electrical
Electrical 3
0503
0403
0404
0505
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * * * * * Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Climate Syst. 3
0302
0303
0305
0505
0 Model Offset
yrs
Full
frontal
Side
Suspension
* * * * * * * * * * 2009 Good NT NT
Suspension 3
0405
0505
0505
0505
0
2009 - - -
Brakes
* * * * * * * * * * 2010 Good NT NT
Brakes 4
0404
0504
0404
0205
0 2010 Good NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * * * * * 2011 Good NT NT
Exhaust 5
0405
0505
0505
0505
0 2011 Good 5/5 5/5
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * * * * * 2012 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 4
0402
0404
0504
0505
0 2012 Good 5/5 5/5
Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * * * * * 2013 Good NT NT Noises & Leaks 1
0401
0204
0505
0405
0 2013 Good 5/5 5/5
Body Hardware
* * * * * * * * * * 2014 Good NT NT Body Hardware 3
0404
0304
0405
0505
0 2014 Good 5/5 5/5
2015 Good 2015 Good 5/5 5/5
Power Equip.
* * * * * * * * * * 2016
0405
0303
0201
0505
0
2016
Good Good 5/5 5/5
* * * * * * * * * *
0502
0402
0505
050
2017 Good NT NT 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
0403
0403
0203
0503
0 2018 Good NT NT

V
Volvo XC70 Volvo XC90
The V70 wagon was available with front or AWD, in addition to The XC90 SUV’s best qualities include its flexible interior,
a sporty R model and an SUV-like raised wagon, the XC70 Cross comfortable seats, and long list of safety features. However, its hefty
Country. The standard five-cylinder engine was available with a curb weight and underpowered engines detract from the driving
turbocharger, which improved acceleration dramatically. In our tests experience. For 2007 an adequately powerful 3.2-liter six-cylinder
of the XC70 Cross Country, the ride was stiff and unsettled, and arrived, but fuel economy was so-so. A Yamaha-built, 4.4-liter V8
handling was short on agility. The front seats provided excellent mated to a six-speed automatic brought significantly more power,
comfort. The roomy interior offered an optional third-row seat. making it the best version; it was dropped after 2011. The ride is stiff,
The 2008 redesign dropped the third row. Engine choices included but handling is responsive and secure. An all-new XC90 arrived for
two six-cylinder engines: a base 3.2-liter and a turbocharged 3.0. 2016, and it is a highly-capable and competitive three-row SUV.
Performance is adequate, but the XC70 averaged just 18 mpg. The Handling is commendable, but the ride is stiff. The interior is quiet,
V70 disappeared after 2010 and the XC70 after 2016. plush, and modern, with incredibly comfortable seats. The touch
screen infotainment system is frustrating to use, however.
ESC available, standard from 2007. Safety Equipment: ABS, ESC, side and head protection air bags

2009 - 2009 $6,000 - $9,800
Trouble Volvo XC70 Trouble Volvo XC90
Spots 2010 - Spots 2010 $7,000 - $10,100
09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $10,400 - $13,100 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2011 $8,200 - $11,400
Engine, Major 4
0405
0 *2
050 2012 $12,100 - $16,100 Engine, Major
* * * * * * 4
0505
0 2012 $10,100 - $14,300
Engine Minor 1
05 0 *5
05 050 2013 $13,500 - $18,800 Engine Minor
* * * * * * 4
0505
0 2013 $12,500 - $16,700
2014 $16,200 - $21,500 2014 $16,700 - $20,900
Engine Cooling 3
05 0 *5
05 050 Engine Cooling
* * * * * * 5
0505
0
2015 $18,900 - $27,400 2015 -
Trans. Major 5
03 0 *5
05 050 Trans. Major
* * * * * * 5
0505
0
2016 $22,000 - $29,700 2016 $31,800 - $46,900
Trans. Minor 5
04 0 *4
05 050 2017 -
Trans. Minor
* * * * * * 5
0505
0 2017 $36,900 - $69,400
Drive System 1
05 0 *5
04 040 2018 -
Drive System
* * * * * * 4
0305
0 2018 $41,700 - $80,500
Fuel System 3
04 0 *5
04 040 Fuel System
* * * * * * 5
0205
0
Electrical 5
03 0 *4
05 050 Crash-Test Results
Electrical
* * * * * * 4
0105
Climate Syst. 1
05 0 *5
02 040 Model Offset Full Side
Climate Syst.
* * * * * * 1
0305
Suspension 5
04 0 *5
01 050 Suspension
* * * * * * 2
0405
0
2009 - - - 2009 Good 5/5 5/5
Brakes 4
04 0 *5
05 050 2010
Brakes
* * * * * * 1
0305
0 2010
- - - Good 5/5 5/5
Exhaust 4
04 0 *5
05 050 2011 NT NT NT
Exhaust
* * * * * * 5
0505
0 2011 Good NT NT
Paint/Trim 5
05 0 *5
04 020 2012 NT NT NT
Paint/Trim
* * * * * * 4
0305
0 2012 Good NT NT
Noises & Leaks 4
01 0 *3
02 050 2013 NT NT NT Noises & Leaks
* * * * * * 1
0405
0 2013 Good NT NT
Body Hardware 5
04 0 *5
02 050 2014 NT NT NT Body Hardware
* * * * * * 5
0405
0 2014 Good NT NT
2015 NT 2015 -
Power Equip. 4
03 0 *5
03 050 NT NT Power Equip.
* * * * * * 1
0105
0 - -
2016 NT 2016 Good 5/5 5/5
In-Car Electr. 4
04 0 *2
05 050 NT NT In-Car Electr.
* * * * * * 1
0103
0
2017 - - - 2017 Good 5/5 5/5
Used-Car Used-Car
Verdict 3
0403
0 3
040 2018 - - - Verdict 1
0103
0 2018 Good 5/5 5/5

NEW MEMBERSHIP BENEFIT
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up to date on recalls for your vehicles.
One out of every four cars has a recall that hasn’t been fixed, so stay informed
and stay safe with this valuable CR tool. Just enter your car’s make and model, and
we’ll give you a list of any recalls, plus information on what to do next.
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TOP MODELS

2017 HONDA CR-V

Miles and Smiles

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 1

Senior Vice President, Chief Operating Officer Leonora Wiener

2 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 3

Should You Buy a

4 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

If you want If you

Do you Have your

Do you want Do you want

What’s CR’s Are you

verdict for aftermarket

Buy a 2- or Upgrade your

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 5

Savvy buyers know that used cars are

Why Buy Used?

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 9

Focus on Your Needs

carry? Most vehicles will accommodate

position is often cramped. If you need

10 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

10 Best Cars 10 Worst Cars 10 Best Cars 10 Worst Cars

TOP USED CARS equipped with AEB, so

FOR TEEN DRIVERS assistance those systems can

standard ESC. To help you find the best

12 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

RECOMMENDED Hyundai Santa Fe Mazda CX-5 Subaru Impreza Toyota RAV4

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 13

but it shifts faster and provides the

Braking Buddy traction do you need? Most vehicles

14 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

the drive wheels.

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 15

16 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

replace them entirely.

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 17

are available at safercar.gov.

for roof strength. During a rollover,

rear-end accidents have a low fatality

18 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

radar-, laser-, and/or camera-based as backup cameras, these became

prepare for impact. lasers, radar, cameras, or a combina-

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 19

Consistent Performers 2014 Chevrolet Corvette 2016 Tesla Model S

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 21

Most & Least Satisfying Vehicles

Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction

SUBCOMPACT CARS SUBCOMPACT CARS SUBCOMPACT CARS

22 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

LARGE CARS LARGE CARS LARGE CARS

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 23

Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction Owner Satisfaction

WAGONS WAGONS WAGONS

24 USED CAR BUYING GUIDE CR.ORG/CARS

LUXURY COMPACT SUVs LUXURY COMPACT SUVs LUXURY COMPACT SUVs

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 25

WORST USED CARS

Acura HHR ‘09 GMC Kia Ram

DTS ‘10 Ford Compass ‘18 Rogue ‘09 XC90 ‘16-17

CR.ORG/CARS USED CAR BUYING GUIDE 27

BEST OF THE BEST