Auditório Emmanuel Dias

Pavilhão Arthur Nevia

FIOCRUZ-IOC
18-19 May 2023
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Minutes of the WINSA meeting

“Toward the development of a South American Research Network for

the surveillance and control of insecticide resistant arthropod vectors”
1. Context of the Meeting
Over the past 5 years, arboviral diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever,
have (re)emerged in South America with increasing prevalence and severity [1]. In addition,
malaria incidence has increased in 9 countries in 2022 (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama and Venezuela) with hotspots located in forested,
transborder, and hard to reach areas [2]. Preventing these diseases at the regional scale
continues to depend largely on controlling mosquito vector populations using public health
insecticides. Unfortunately, the use of the same insecticides for more than 30 years has
resulted in the spread of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, especially in Aedes spp that
shows very high prevalence and intensity of resistance to all PHP classes [3]. Although less
data are available for malaria vectors recent evidence suggest an augmentation in the
distribution, levels and mechanisms of resistance to PHPs in An. albimanus [4, 5] and An.
darlingi [6, 7]. In addition, scattered reports from leishmaniasis-endemic countries indicate
emerging resistance of Lutzomyia longiplapis to pyrethroid insecticides in Brazil [8, 9].
Similarly, pyrethroid resistance in Triatoma infestans has been detected in South America
[10], particularly in Bolivia [11] and Argentina [12] that exhibit the highest prevalence rates of
Chagas disease [13].
Insecticide resistance hence represents a global obstacle to the prevention, control and
elimination of vector borne diseases in South America. A coordinated approach is needed
to improve the monitoring of insecticide resistance in arthropod vectors and propose
adequate resistance mitigation strategies. The meeting organised jointly by FIOCRUZ, CDC,
IRD and the WIN aimed to create the basis for the creation of a South American Research
Network for the surveillance and control of insecticide resistant vectors (WINSA). The WINSA
is expecting to respond to the need by enhancing the research and training capacities of
national research institutions engaged in vector control. The WINSA also aims to provide
technical and scientific expertise to WHO/PAHO and member states in order to contribute to
the reduction of dengue, malaria and other vector borne diseases by 2030.

2. Meeting Objectives
The objectives of this first meeting were to share knowledge, identify gaps and research
priorities with regards to insecticide resistance surveillance and management in South
America and to propose a framework for the creation of a regional research network on
vector resistance.
The specific objectives were;

⮚ To share knowledge on the status of insecticide resistance in public health mosquitoes

in South American countries
⮚ To identify the scope, range and objectives of the future network and identify partners
and sources of funding
⮚ Set up a plan of actions for year 1
The agenda and the list of Participants are shown in Annex I and II respectively.

3. Summary of the Scientific Sessions

The session was dedicated to scientific presentations by the experts to present the state of
the art of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and other vectors in South America and to
identify main gaps and research priorities. The presentations are available in a shared Google
drive at https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/11pcthYA1NWMUJB68f2zqbrzwy9CNZpnW
Here only key points were reported.
1. Presentation by Audrey Lenhart (CDC, USA)
- Resistance is an old problem i.e. DDT resistance in Anopheles spp. was detected in
Greece in 1955.
- Aedes aegypti elimination campaign was implemented in 1950-1960 using DDT and
Aedes aegypti was eliminated from most of the South American countries.
- Waning political will and lack of funding led to the dismantlement of both the malaria
and Aedes aegypti eradication programs in the late 60s.
- ITN-IRS were developed and deployed for the control of mosquito borne diseases but
resistance to PHPs occurred and started to spread in the region.
- Main problems identified for IR monitoring are i) high turnover of staff involved in
resistance surveillance; ii) monitoring is sporadically conducted (not sustain), and iii)
lack of capacities except in specific research groups.
- For Aedes mosquitoes, there’s a high degree of heterogeneity in the spatial
distribution of insecticide resistance that represents a challenge to guide decision
making for vector control.
- Another challenge is the increasing selection pressure exerted in mosquitoes
especially by household domestic products (difficulty to get data on household
products used).
- Entomological impact of resistance is certain but no evidence for epidemiological
impact so far.
- There’s a lack of indicators to measure the impact of insecticide resistance on disease
control and further guidance should be developed.
- Malaria has been decreased in America but rebounds are observed in some countries
- Resistance in Anopheles is much lower than Aedes spp. (but mainly under reported)
and concern An. albimanus and to a lesser extent An. darlingi.
- Main mechanisms of resistance in malaria vectors are target site modification (Kdr)
and increased expression of metabolic resistance. Genomic and transcriptomic
approaches are offering new insight into the molecular basis of resistance in South
American malaria vectors.
- CDC has recently updated its guidelines for evaluating insecticide resistance using the
CDC bottle assays (available at https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/pdfs/CONUS-
508.pdf) that can be used to monitor insecticide resistance in various species and
insecticides.

2. Presentation by José Bento Lima (FIOCRUZ-IOC, Brazil)

- Historically, there’s has been a massive use of insecticides for vector control in Brazil
(eg larviciding, adulticiding and household products)
- There’s a wide infestation of Aedes aegypti in the country.
- Nationwide monitoring of insecticide resistance conducted in the country in 2017-
2018 (147 municipalities), using both WHO filter paper and CDC bottle assays, showed
resistance of Ae. aegypti to pyriproxyfen in 10 localities (RR95 up to 3.6).
- There’s a wide distribution of kdr mutations in Brazil, mainly the R1/R2 haplotypes
(1534C and 1016I). The 410L mutation is also present.
- Aedes aegypti developed resistance to new insecticides used alone or in mixture
(Fludora fusion, Cielo TM that contains 2 active ingredients). It is however difficult to
evaluate combined products due to a lack of technical guidance and instructions.
- For Malaria studies, FIOCRUZ has established a susceptible colony of An. darlingi that
can be used as a susceptible reference colony.
- FIOCRUZ also acquired the certification to produce impregnated papers according to
WHO standard in order to dispatch WHO test kits to all countries in the region.
- FIOCRUZ and its field partners have established experimental stations for testing the
efficacy of residual insecticides (IRS).

3. Presentation by Leslie Alvarez (Univ. Los Andes, Venezuela)

- Mosquito resistance to insecticides is widespread in Venezuela and well documented.
- Insecticide resistance data in Ae. aegypti dated from 1995.
- OP resistance due to esterases and GST was reported in various states.
- The V1016I Kdr mutation has been present since 2007 (Apure state). Kdr mutations
(V1016I, 1534C) associated with deltamethrin resistance were found in different states
(Lara, Guarioc, Tachira, etc).
- Esterases linked to permethrin resistance was reported in Zulia state
- Resistance to OPs due to alpha and beta esterases was also found in Falcon.
- In Aedes albopictus, the first report of increased esterases and MFO activities dated
from 2014
- In Anopheles spp. resistance to lambda-cyalothrin due to the L1014F and L1014C
mutations was found in An. aquasalis. Insensitive AChE was also detected in An.
aquasalis from Sucre.
4. Presentation by Miriam Palomino (NIH, Peru)
- Main malaria vectors in Peru are An. darlingi and An. albimanus but other vectors are
present (eg An. pseudopunctipennis).
- Most of malaria cases (83%) are located in Loreto State.
- Both IRS using pirimiphos-methyl and LLIN (Duranet) are used for malaria control.
- Data obtained in 2017 showed that An. albimanus was already resistant to all
insecticides (except fenitrothion and malathion) while An. darlingi was susceptible to
all insecticides tested.
- Data collected more recently (2018) showed a decreased mortality of An. darlingi to
alphacypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin (<98% mortality at DCs).
- An. albimanus also showed insensitive acetylcholinesterase due to a duplication of
Ace.1 gene at position 119.
- Dengue outbreaks were reported in 2023. Main interventions for dengue control are
physical control, social mobilisation, space spray with malathion, and larviciding using
pyriproxyfen.
- A nationwide monitoring of IR conducted in 39 districts (2018-19) reported moderate
to high resistance to temephos in Ae. aegypti larvae.
- Another survey conducted in 22 Provinces showed a wide distribution of pyrethroid
resistance (alpha, permethrin and deltamethrin) in adult mosquitoes.
- Molecular analysis showed increased GST activity and the presence of the 1534C,
V1016I, and V410L kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti.
- Strong correlation between survival rates and presence of NaR2 haplotypes was
found.
- Resistance to malathion in adult mosquitoes was detected in a few hot spots (mainly
in the North).
- Suspected resistance to Piriproxyfen was also reported in one state.

5. Presentation by Laura Harburguer (CIPEIN, Argentina)

- The CIPEIN is a WHO Reference centre for malaria and Chagas diseases in Argentina.
Certification of malaria eradication was obtained in 2018.
- Main malaria vectors (An. pseudopunctipennis, An. darlingi) are located in the northern
part of the country.
- Dengue incidence is increasing in Argentina. Other arboviruses are circulating
sporadically (Zika cases in 2016 and Chikungunya cases in 2023)
- First report of deltamethrin and permethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti dated from 2013
(Salvado Mazza, Salta). Strong resistance to cis-permetrin, but susceptibility to
malathion.
- Monitoring of resistance using the new WHO DCs (2022) showed high resistance to
permethrin (<98% mortality at X10 the DC). No impact of PBO on permethrin toxicity
was reported suggesting an implication of target site modifications (kdr) in pyrethroid
resistance.
- Aedes aegypti was however susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl.
-
- Capacity was established in CIPEIN to impregnate filter papers with insecticides (QC
showed <10% variation between batches) and they have capacity to conduct routine
IR monitoring using WHO tube tests.
- CIPEIN has also experience in working with other vector species, especially Chagas
disease vectors.

6. Presentation by Martha Quinones (UNC, Colombia)

- Dengue cases have increased in Colombia since 2008 (epidemics with various
serotypes circulating every year).
- Nationwide monitoring of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti carried out in 2018
showed that 50% of tested populations were resistant to temephos, 43% to
Pirimiphos methyl, 25% to fenitrothion and 11% to malathion. OP resistance was
widely distributed in the country except for malathion where resistance remains
localised in the northern part of the country.
- With regards to pyrethroids, 60% of tested populations are resistant to deltamethrin
and permethrin.
- Molecular surveillance carried out in 2021 showed the presence of the three main kdr
mutations (V410L, 1534C, V1016I) in Ae. aegypti.
- In contrast to dengue, malaria has decreased in the country but some rebounds in the
Pacific coast have been reported. There are 3 main malaria vector species (An.
albimanus, An. darlingi, An. nuneztovari) and secondary vectors.
- Pyrethroid resistance (<90% mortality to DC) was reported in An. albimanus
(deltamethrin) in Narino and in An. darlingi in Choco. In this latter species, resistance
to deltamethin, permethrin, and lambdacyalothrin was found in an extremely
localised area (village of Tagachi) where LLIN and IRS with organophosphate are
used.
- No kdr mutations were found in An. darlingi so far but kdr alleles were reported in An.
albimanus. The Ace.1 G119S mutation conferring cross-resistance to OPs and
carbamates was detected in An. albimanus.

7. Presentation by Diego Morales INSPI, Ecuador)

- Epidemiological data showed an increased number of dengue cases in Ecuador since
2019.
- Temephos, malathion and deltamethrin are used for vector control.
- An Entomology Surveillance network established in the country in 2018 allowed
monitoring insecticide resistance in mosquitoes in sentinel sites. The results are made
available to stakeholders and populations though the construction of heatmaps.
- The results of the surveillance showed that Ae. aegypti is resistant to deltamethrin and
temephos in most sites while resistance to malathion is more localised. Molecular
work showed the presence of the three main kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti (V410L,
F1534C, V1016I).
 - Integrated plan for IR management was implemented in Manabi state using
integrated vector management i.e. alternance of larvicides such as pyriproxyfen,
spinosad and Bti and use of entomopathogens and combination products.
- With regards to malaria, An. albimanus resistance to deltamethrin was reported in the
West part of the country.

8. Presentation by Jean Bernard Duchemin (IPG, France)

- Historically in French Guiana, the change of an insecticide for vector control was made
once resistance was detected.
- Phenotypic resistance to deltamethrin is widespread and strong in Ae. aegypti in
French Guiana. High frequency of Kdr mutations (1534C and 1016I) was reported.
- Experimental studies showed that introgression of susceptible alleles in kdr resistant
colonies at each generation could delay pyrethroid resistance.
- Genomic studies showed a lot of detox. genes (P450, CCE, GST, ABC transporters) are
overexpressed in pyrethroid resistance populations of French Guiana.
- Beyond resistance, IPG is also working on natural plant extracts as potential
alternatives for larval control. Results showed efficacy against Ae. aegypti of a 9
month-stored Sextonia rubra extracts in controlled (laboratory) conditions and, in
semi field conditions, a 5 weeks long efficacy against the same vector.
- Wolbachia is under investigation for vector control but operational, regulatory and
ethical aspects remain (FG belonging to the EU zone).
- Decrease susceptibility of An. darlingi to pyrethroid was found in 2016 using CDC
bottle assays (~85% mortality after 30 min exposure to deltamethrin). The situation
gets back to normal in 2021.
- In An. darlingi, no pyrethroid molecular resistance was found by sequencing a 170 base
pairs of the S6 of domain II of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. However, the
CYP6AA1 gene was found overexpressed in mosquitoes surviving exposure to
deltamethrin (Cacao population).
- A colony of An. darlingi was then established at IPG to conduct experimental
Infections. Results showed that An. darlingi from French Guiana is competent for P.
falciparum.
- Finally, IPG has started a collaboration with Suriname to improve their capacity in
medical entomology. First entomology surveys showed the presence at high
frequency of kdr V1016I in Ae. aegypti in the transborder area with Surinam.

4. Session 1: knowledge gaps

The main outcomes of the presentations are summarised below but the PPTs are available
on the Google drive at
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/11pcthYA1NWMUJB68f2zqbrzwy9CNZpnW
1. Presentation by Ademir Martins Jr. (FIOCRUZ, IOC)
- The speaker first indicated that good molecular markers exist for tracking target site
modifications such as kdr mutations unlike metabolic markers.
- Other resistance mechanisms are less understood such as behavioural resistance,
cuticular resistance and microbiome resistance especially for new public health
insecticides.
- Kdr mutations are widespread in Ae. aegypti in Brazil but different genetic clusters
exist across the country. Genetic structure is strong in the AMAPA region with strong
variations in kdr genotypes/haplotypes across a South-North transect.
- Studying the regional genetic structuration of mosquitoes could be relevant to better
understand the history/origin of introduction and circulation of resistance alleles and
help setting up adequate containment plans.
- WHO bottle assays conducted with formulated products (eg Cielo and Fludora)
showed that most of the Brazilian populations of Ae. aegypti were resistant (or
strongly resistant) to the combined products. The speaker however indicates that the
evaluation of new compounds in combination is rendered difficult due to the absence
of adequate methodology and instructions for the conduct of bioassays.
- Quality control is important to ensure adequate testing procedures, colonies
(susceptible and resistant ones) and ensure comparable results between labs.
- GLP certification is an option to standardise the testing procedure but it’s time
consuming and expensive to implement and sustain.

2. Presentation by Vincent Corbel (IRD/FIOCRUZ-IOC)

- The speaker reminded that chemical insecticides remain the cornerstone of arbovirus
and malaria vector control but the massive use of insecticides for decades (vector
control, domestic use, and agriculture) has selected for resistance in all mosquitoes of
medical importance.
- According to the Atlas report on insecticides (2022), South America has doubled its
use of pesticides in the last 20 years and this may have severe consequences for
human health, the environment and vector resistance.
- Resistance is widespread in Ae. aegypti in Latin America and is increasing in malaria
vectors (An. albimanus and to lesser extent An. darlingi). There’s however an overall
lack of IR data for many mosquito species (Ae. albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, etc)
and other vectors (sandflies, triatomes) that may pose a problem to guide vector
control policies.
- IR surveillance is a key component of the GVCR and aim to sustain vector control
activities by ensuring early detection of resistance and spatio-temporal changes,
identify resistance mechanisms and evaluate IR management strategies
 The speaker hence launched a debate with the group about the 4 following questions.
- What knowledge gaps do we need to fill to better control resistance?
- Are current IR diagnostic tools efficient for the early detection and the monitoring of
resistance in the field?
- Are current Insecticide resistance surveillance systems/networks efficient for
monitoring the spatio-temporal dynamics of resistance?
- How to shift from “reactive” to “proactive” management strategies?

3. General discussion (all groups)

The main outcomes of the discussions are summarised below;
- Political will and national guidance are lacking for IR monitoring and management in
many countries of the South American region.
- The group also reported a global lack of technical staff for monitoring insecticide
resistance. A lot of turnover occurred in many countries that have impacted on the
quality and sustainability of resistance surveillance activities.
- There’s a need to strengthen knowledge, skill and expertise of institutions working on
vector resistance to implement more efficient monitoring and management of vector
resistance. On the job training should be organised to train technical staff on the new
WHO testing procedures for resistance monitoring in mosquitoes and sandflies.
- Some experts reminded that Covid strongly impacted on human resources and
manpower allocated to resistance monitoring. With the end of the epidemic, staff and
equipment previously used for COVID could be reallocated to entomology activities.
- The group acknowledged that good genetic markers exist to track insecticide
resistance in field Aedes aegypti populations (i.e. Kdr and Ace.1 mutations) but there’s
a need to harmonise testing protocols among labs.
- Some experts highlighted however that kdr mutations were not relevant resistance
markers for monitoring insecticide resistance in malaria vectors especially for An.
darlingi. Other candidates (metabolic) markers are under investigation in Brazil, Peru
and Guatemala to improve the detection capacity of resistance in the future.
- The detection of RNA resistant markers (e.g. overexpression of detoxifying genes) is
feasible but rather difficult to implement in the field and do not give good information
on the phenotype.
- Bioassays with synergists are not done in routine while they can provide rapid and
valuable information on the presence of metabolic based resistance in a given
population.
- There’s a need for more evidence about the correlation between resistance genotypes
and phenotypes for known resistant markers (e.g. Kdr). This will help to reduce the
number of markers to monitor in the field.
 - There is a need to establish and share susceptible reference colonies to ensure
adequate testing and evaluation of insecticide products in different countries.
- A regional network such as WINSA can be useful to conduct multi-country studies to
identify and validate relevant markers and contribute to the evaluation of resistance
breaking vector control products.
- Collection of mosquito eggs for resistance studies in Aedes is not described in WHO
guidelines while many countries are collecting Aedes mosquitoes using ovitraps.
- Finally, some experts indicated that entomology is not considered as a key discipline
for the control of VBDs compared to epidemiology and medicine, and as such it suffers
from a lack of recognition and funding. The establishment of a regional research
network may help to increase the visibility and recognition of entomology works
among the scientific committee and national authorities.

5. Session 2: Research & training priorities

Based on the discussions, the group identified 7 research priorities on the field of insecticide
resistance.
1. Investigate the relationship between insecticide resistance and vector control efficacy
and its operational impact
2. Develop adequate methodology and indicators to evaluate combination vector
control products.
3. Decipher the molecular resistance in malaria and dengue vectors and develop
standardised protocols for their early detection.
4. Study the genetic structuration and gene flows among mosquito populations from
South America through population genetic studies
5. Generate the necessary evidence to support the implementation of resistance
management strategies
6. Develop a simple methodology to measure cuticular resistance in mosquitoes.
7. Assess the impact of pollutants, agriculture insecticides and domestic use of
insecticides on the selection of resistance to public health pesticides

The group also identified 3 Working Groups that could be created to fill knowledge gaps on
resistance management and produce evidence to guide further actions;
WG1. Systematic review of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes of public health
importance in South America?
WG2. Risk assessment for deploying insecticide resistant mosquitoes as part of Wolbachia
based control programmes: technical guidance for the construction, maintenance and
release of resistant alleles.
 WG3. Review about population genetic structure of Aedes and Anopheles in South
America.

6. Scientific Seminar
Vincent CORBEL made a 2 hours seminar at Centro de Estudos IOC, FIOCRUZ, on 19 may to
present the “Challenges and prospects for the control of insecticide resistance in public
health mosquitoes”. The presentation is available on the google drive at
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/11pcthYA1NWMUJB68f2zqbrzwy9CNZpnW

7. Framework for the development of a regional research network on vector

resistance
Vincent CORBEL presented a framework for the creation of the WINSA network (see PPT in
google drive). The experts provided comments and suggestions to define the strategic
orientation of the network and to select additional partners.
Hereafter are the main points identified by the group to guide further actions;
7.1. Range of the network
- The group decided to focus research and networking activities in South America
(hence excluding countries belonging to central and north America and the
Caribbean)
- Gathering countries from a same geographical region seems to be the best strategy
to avoid competition with existing networks, get high visibility and recognition and
increase chances of funding.
- The future network will however develop links/bridges with other institutions and
research networks working on vector resistance to keep constant exchanges and
ensure knowledge sharing.

7.2. Targeted species

- Initially the WIN network has worked extensively on insecticide resistance in vectors
of emerging arboviruses (= Aedes mosquitoes).
- The group discussed the possibility to include other mosquito species and/or vectors
considering the importance of other vector borne diseases in South America (Malaria,
Leishmaniasis, Chagas diseases, etc).
- The group decided to focus his research work on all arthropods of public health
importance in South America.
 - By gathering experts on insecticide resistance in insects of medical importance, the
network could provide a more diversified expertise to countries and PAHO and hence
contribute to an integrated, and multi diseases approach to vector resistance.
7.3. Missions
- The primary goal of the network will be to strengthen the research & training
capacities of research / academic institutions in insecticide resistance in
arthropods of public health importance in South America
- The network will rely on 4 pillars of actions: Networking, Research, Training and
Expertise as described below.

7.3.1. Networking.
The networking actions of the network will be to;
- Organise annual meetings with partners to share knowledge and ideas, identify gaps
and propose coordinated actions for IR surveillance and management.
- Bring the scientific community, stakeholders and industry to bi-annual conferences to
raise awareness, foster innovation and provide recommendations for the
management of IR resistance in America.
- Promote communication networks among WINSA members and generate
information exchange spaces to advise on the best practice for surveillance and
management of resistance to insecticides.
-
7.3.2. Research
The research actions of the network will be to;
- Review scientific evidence and fill knowledge gaps (eg by creating Working Groups to
address specific questions in relation to vector resistance)
- Raise fund to develop « Pump Prime Funding » (PPF) to support collaborative research
projects (grants could be of 50K$ to start collaborative research and create a team
“spirit”)

7.3.3. Capacity building

The capacity building actions of the network will be to;
- Organise basic to expert training courses for researchers, students and staff to
strengthen capacities for monitoring insecticide resistance (eg new WHO test
methods, molecular and genomics, etc)
- Develop adequate materials on testing procedures (eg guidance, SOPs, Video
tutorials, etc) to ensure transfer of knowledge.
- Share resources, facilities, biological material (e.g. DNA, well-characterised mosquito
colonies according to Nagoya protocol) and support short-term exchanges between
partners to stimulate research and innovation.

7.3.4. Expertise
The expertise that the network can provide to countries and WHO/PAHO are the following;
- Contribute to national/international expert committees to provide technical guidance
on all topics related to vector control and resistance management.
- Supervise and conduct multi-centre trials to develop new methodology for testing
new class of insecticides and assess the efficacy of new vector control tools (providing
external funding eg WHO/industry)
- Provide guidance to partners willing to become GLP certificated labs (eg FIOCRUZ
has established GLP certification to become a WHOcc for production and supply of
WHO test kits).
- Contribute to maintain and update the WIN-Centralised database on vector
resistance in South America and produce resistance “threat” maps at regional level.
- Perform quality control of insecticide evaluations carried out by the network, through
an external laboratory (eg FIOCRUZ) in order to ensure the issuance of results

7.4. Strategic fit and level of engagement

The network will engage human rand financial resources to conduct activities according to
three levels of engagement (LEAD, CONTRIBUTE and SUPPORT)

LEAD CONTRIBUTE SUPPORT

These are the functions These are the functions These are functions where
where Future network where Future network would Future WIN would show clear
would be the “go to” be looked to for a support, but not be involved
organisation. contribution and be listened in either funding or activity,
to as a respected unless specifically requested
organisation.

Below, proposed LEAD, CONTRIBUTE and SUPPORT activities are profiled against the four
strategic pillars of the WINSA network.
Expertise Networking Research Training

LEAD Maintain an up to Disseminate Fill research gap Develop and

date global information on by supporting share technical
database of mosquito collaborative documents and
academic data, resistance research projects guidance on
trials and through web- (eg Pump Prime testing
information on based activity Funding) into key procedure for
mosquito resistance such as a areas that impact mosquito
searchable on mosquito resistance
Develop and
database and resistance
communicate Organise basic
webinars
specific documents to expert
on key aspects of Establish an Bi training
mosquito resistance annual “WINSA” courses on
Mosquito mosquito
Resistance resistance
Management detection
Conference.

CONTRIBUT Contribute pro- Contribute the Contribute to Contribute to

E actively to establish latest mosquito review scientific Share
national resistance evidence and fill resources,
international information at 3rd knowledge gaps facilities,
committees as the party conferences through the biological
specialists in and seminars production of material and
mosquito resistance mosquito manuals, support short-
resistance
 Understand and reviews, and term
communicate the publications exchanges
potential of new
Contribute to
and novel
Education
interventions in
(teaching) and
mosquito
Awareness in
resistance
resistance
management

SUPPORT Support the Establish an on-

activities of the line community to
WHO/PAHO and contribute,
other key discuss and
organisations in disseminate
mosquito control information on
mosquito
Support
resistance
commercial
companies seeking
out areas of
research &
development
activity that are
targeted to areas
where impact of
mosquito resistance
would have the
highest impact

7.5. Partners
- This first meeting was organised in presence of the main experts on insecticide
resistance in the region (see list of partners in Annex II). These experts are expected
to constitute the “founding members” of the future network and as such take
leadership roles in network direction/governance.
- The network is expected however to gather all expertise in South America to increase
its leadership and visibility. At least one research/academic institution per SA
country (n=12) should be represented.
- Partners should belong preferentially to research / academic institutions and/or have
a strong background in vector resistance. They should also express a wish to
contribute effectively to the network.
The table below presents a list of potential partners to include in the future network.
Region Country Location Institution Focal Point emails

North America USA Atlanta CDC Audrey Lenhart ajl8@cdc.gov

Europe France Montpellier IRD Vincent Corbel vincent.corbel@ird.fr

North America USA Washington PAHO Haroldo Berarra bezerrha@paho.org

Rio de
South America Brazil FIOCRUZ Ademir Martins ademirjr@ioc.fiocruz.br
Janeiro

Rio de
South America Brazil FIOCRUZ José Bento jbento@ioc.fiocruz.br
Janeiro

Centro de
Investigaciones
South America Argentina Buenos Aires Paula V Gonzalez pvgonzalez85@gmail.com
de Plagas e
Insecticidas

Instituto de
Investigación e
South America Argentina Buenos Aires Eduardo Zerba ezerba@live.com.ar
Ingeniería
Ambiental

Universidad
South America Argentina La Plata Nacional de La Juares MP ?
Plata,

Laura
South America Argentina Buenos Aires CIPEIN lharburguer@gmail.com
Harburguer

Instituto
Puerto Nacional de Oscar Daniel
South America Argentina odanielsalomon@gmail.com
Iguazú Medicina Salomón
Tropical

Laboratorios
de
investigación
La Paz/ de Jose Luis Laura
South America Bolivia joslari78@gmail.com
Santa Cruz entomologia Rivadeneira
Inlasa (La Paz) y
Cenetrop
(Santa Cruz)

Ronald Ramirez
South America Bolivia La Paz INLASSA piretroider@gmail.com
Lopez

Institituto
Liliana
South America Colombia Bogota Nacional da lsantacoloma@ins.gov.co
Santacoloma
Saude (INS)
 Instituto
Martha Liliana marthalilianaahumada@gmail.
South America Colombia Bogota Nacional de
Ahumada com
Salud

Universidad maestre5@unisimonbolivar.ed
South America Colombia Barranquilla Ronald Maestre
Simon Bolivar u.co

Universidad
marthalquinones@gmail.com,
South America Colombia Bogota Nacional de Martha Quinones
mlquinonesp@unal.edu.co
Colombia

Instituto de
Yasmin Rubio-
South America Venezuela Maracay Investigaciones rubiopalis@gmail.com
Palis
Biomédicas

Universidad de
South America Venezuela Trujillo Leslie Alvarez hleslieag@gmail.com
los Andes

National
Jesús A. Pinto
South America Peru Lima Institute of jesupc94@gmail.com
Caballero
Health

National
Miriam Palomino
South America Peru Lima Institute of mpalominosal@gmail.com
Salcedo
Health

gissella.m.vasquez.ln@health.
South America Peru Lima NAMRU-6 Gissella Vasquez
mil

Universidad Christian
South America Chile Santiago christian.gonzalez@ucme.cl
Metropolitana Gonzalez

South America Ecuador Quito INSPI Diego Morales diegomoralesviteri@gmail.com

Universidad
Nilsa González
South America Paraguay Assunción Nacional de lizzybritez@yahoo.com
Brítez
Asunción

Ministério da
South America Uruguay Bella Union Gabriela Willat gabrielawillat@gmail.com
Saude Publica

Medical
Entomology
South America Guyana Georgetown Mohini Sooklall m.sooklall@yahoo.com
Unit, Ministry
of Health

South America Suriname ? ? ? ?

French Pasteur Jean Bernard jbduchemin@pasteur-

South America Cayenne
Guiana Institute Duchemin cayenne.fr

In green are the experts participating to the first WINSA meeting. In yellow is the missing information.
7.6. Structure of the network
- The participants have decided to propose an open (“expanded”), and “flexible” (no
formal agreement) structure for the WINSA network.
- A Letter of Commitment (LoC) will however be sought from all members to seek
their interest, motivation and commitment.
- Vincent Corbel proposed to build on 4 interconnected managing structures to ensure
leadership, management, dissemination and follow-up of the activities.
o A Project office (PO) that will ensure the day to day management of the
network. The PO may be based at FIOCRUZ, Brazil and will include PIs and a
project manager.
o A Steering committee (SC) that may be composed of the 9 Founding partners
(IRD, FIOCRUZ, CDC, ULA, NIH, UNC, INIS, CIPEIN, IPG). The SC will be the
decision-making-body and will provide the scientific/strategic orientation of
the network
o A Scientific Commission (SCI) that may be composed of 3-5 elected members
to review / select projects for funding and select candidates for mobility.
o External Advisory board (EAB) that may be composed of external experts
(e.g. WHO, PAHO-OPAS, etc) to provide advice and ensure good follow up of
the project.

A Consortium meeting gathering all partners will be organised once per year to review
progress/limitations and discuss future orientation.

7.7. Potential funders

A certain number of funders and financial sources have been identified to support the
network.
- Partnering institutions (i.e. WINSA partners). Partners may decide to support
directly (funding) or indirectly (by mobilising facilities and staff) the network. For
example, IRD-GDRI supports the WINSA with 15KE/year, and CDC through its action
for supporting research networks). Co-funding can also be a way to support specific
research/training activities (eg the EU-MCSA-INOVEC could contribute to the
organisation of Workshops in coordination with the WINSA).
- CDC through its initiative to support regional research networks on vectors.
- WHO through the TDR calls, NTD, and PAHO (OPS)
- Ministries of Health of countries contributing to WINSA.
- Private sector (Industry, ABT, etc) through expertise and applied research projects.
- Others (Gates, NIH, IVCC, National Research Agencies, etc)
7.8. Action plan
The participants agreed on the following work plan for 2023.
- The CO (Vincent Corbel) will share the minute of the meeting with the participants to
agree on the content (due in June/July 23). The participants are expected to provide
their feedback by the end of JULY.
- The CO will send a letter of invitation (nominative) to all identified partners to seek
their interest in joining the network (due August/September 2023)
- The future partners will send their Letter of Commitment to the CO by
September/October 23
- The Funding members will jointly develop a formal proposal & Budget (see a tentative
time frame in the table below) (due date November 23)
- Submission of the Proposal to funder (November/December 23)
- kick off meeting of the WINSA (Q1 2024) – if successful.
 Proposition of network activities (2-years plan)

Task Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Scientific conference X X
NETWORKING
Home week meeting M1* X X

Training workshop W1** X X

Production of technical document / e-

CAPACITY BUILDING
materials
X X X X

Short-term exchanges X X

Pump prime funding (PPF) calls open yearly

RESEARCH
Review, publications (WGs) X X X X

EXPERTISE Data depository & mapping data curation & threat maps
Tentative budget (2 year’s plan)
 Annex I. Agenda of the meeting
Thursday 18 May 2023
Location; Castelo Mourisco, FIOCRUZ

08:30-08:45 Welcome notes

Welcome address from the IOC-FIOCRUZ director Tania Cremonini

ARAUJO-JORGE
(FIOCRUZ)

Welcome address from the Organisers Audrey LENHART

(US CDC)

José Bento LIMA

(FIOCRUZ)

Ademir Jr MARTINS
(FIOCRUZ)

Vincent CORBEL
(IRD/FIOCRUZ)

08:45-12:00 State of the art and country presentations on mosquito resistance in South America

08:45-09:05 Challenges posed by insecticide resistance in public health Audrey LENHART (US
vectors in the Americas CDC)

09:05-09:25 Status of insecticide resistance in public health mosquitoes José Bento LIMA
in Brazil (FIOCRUZ), Brazil

09:25-09:45 Status of insecticide resistance in public health mosquitoes Leslie ALVAREZ (Univ.
in Venezuela LOS ANDES), Venezuela

09:45-10:05 Status of insecticide resistance in public health mosquitoes Miriam Palomino

in Peru SALCEDO (NIH), Peru
10:05-10:20 Coffee Break

10:20:-10:40 Status of insecticide resistance in public health mosquitoes Laura HARBUGER

in Argentina (CIPEIN), Argentina

10:40-11:00 Status of insecticide resistance in public health mosquitoes Martha QUINONES (Univ.
in Colombia Nacional de Colombia),
Colombia

11:00-11:20 Status of insecticide resistance in public health mosquitoes Diego MORALES, (INIS),
in Ecuador Ecuador

11:20-11:40 Status of insecticide resistance in public health mosquitoes Jean Bernard DUCHEMIN
in French Guyana (IPG), French Guiana

11:40-12:00 Discussion

12:00-13:45 Lunch break (Fiocruz)

13.45-14.00 Group photo in the front of the Castelo Mourisco

14:00-15:30 Identifying the challenges and knowledge gaps in mosquito resistance in South
America (session 1)

Organisers and
Presentations and discussions among the Working Group
participants

15:30-15:50 Coffee Break

15:50-17:30 Identifying research and training priorities (session 2)

 Organisers and
Presentations and discussions among the Working group
participants

17.30 End of the first day meeting

19:30 Diner in Town

Friday 19 May 2023

Location; Auditório Emmanuel Dias, Pavilhão Arthur Neiva

10:00-12:00 IOC Scientific seminar

Challenges and prospects for the control of insecticide Vincent CORBEL

10:00-12:00
resistant mosquitoes of public health importance (IRD/FIOCRUZ)

12:00-14:00 Lunch break

Location; Castelo Mourisco, FIOCRUZ

14:00-17:00 Framework for the creation of a South American Research Network for the
surveillance and control of insecticide resistant mosquito vectors

14:00-15:15 Discussions on the structure, governance, missions, Organisers and

partners, budget, etc participants

15:15-15:30 Coffee Break

15:30-17:15 Planning of actions for year 1 Organisers and

participants
17.15-17.30 Concluding remarks

17:30 End of the meeting

Annex II. List of participants
Surname Name Partner Name Country Role email address
Vincent Corbel IRD/ FIOCRUZ France Organiser vincent.corbel@ird.fr

Ademir Jr. Martins FIOCRUZ Brazil Organiser ademirjr@ioc.fiocruz.br

José Bento Lima FIOCRUZ Brazil Organiser jbento@ioc.fiocruz.br

Pereira

Audrey Lenhart US CDC USA Organiser ajl8@cdc.gov

Martha L. Quinones UNC Colombia Participant mlquinonesp@unal.edu.c

o

Laura Harburguer CIPEIN Argentina Participant lharburguer@gmail.com

Leslie Alvarez ULA Venezuela Participant hleslieag@gmail.com

Miriam Salcedo NIH Peru Participant mpalominosal@gmail.co

Palomino m

Diego Morales INSPI Ecuador Participant diegomoralesviteri@gmai

l.com

Jean Bernard Duchemin IPG French Participant duchemin@pasteur.fr

Guiana

Tania Araujo-Jorge IOC Brazil Participant taniaaj@ioc.fiocruz.br

Cremonini

Ilka Vilardo CRIS Brazil Participant Ilka.vilardo@fiocruz.br

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