Expt. No. gto std Date: san pagans) Ze & 196,197 . Homophones « _/ tHorennyro: 27 | Paras te BL Cee ees wwe sy oH For cfrapeal) bois | 5. Parts of Speecio Le G. Types of Nowne, Coiectve Nown '8-1q | 7. Pronoun /Vverxo 19.20.29) a. Binguters Pluncal /commpminc weeds 9/42 by Gegwees mp Coroparison 89-52. | 7 Figure? oo . Rhyneing toozd, Rhyme ecbears SEES Be Sl Pweti re Busse Fo, 3. SyWlabiticatien ta | Ase, Pre hositian 5.76 is. Moctot Vers ¢ 76-76 | | Ib | _Semteres Batters tobi | Tenses thictanse 0 iatiges | Ip. Anageare AP oH Omsto (S715 B Le Ropostect Bpeech $oamib9 4 2p. merican English At Nish 87, [sk aa Question Tag. 199 -19b 4SE tse sy Tre Nese seusey. zyRaMayry¥a N38 ‘S$ Usifte »Ka ¥yrA ¢ Diamond sMale SO Re aauadya heap, (Briann Giusy > Meenakshi Aroma) > Mrascd Tetse, frm bath roo , . * > Susvect > Kappayi 5 baad CSPemed 7 Ramayya and brs ust fe \ived tTerreaining dare wither Leas ap betog CAategrt. —__ee s Ebanaaey Angles oe (1878-1972) 4 a0 informally called oe eth 2 independence wyer, writ istoriat ee Rajagopalachari was born in the village of bigs Thorapalli in the Krishnagiri district. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor- General of India, as India soon became a Republic in 1950. Furthermore, he was the { first Indian-born governor- general, since before him Eg the posts were held by British nationals, He also served’ - as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chi Minister of Madras state. He was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, | the Bharat Ratna. Glossary self-centred (adj) ~ disdain (n) Wee Concerned with the self Scremex uB Caw GeGlag feeling of contempt or scorn east Steucy , Sens | muck heap (n) - heap bax Shad grub (n) — food tae Magistrate (n) a judicial officer with limited authority to administer and enforce the law Paerans disgrace (n) — the state of being dishonored, or covered with same ignorant (adj) — unaware axSuuremie Consoled (v)_ comforted (someone) in the time of grief or man Suspected (v) — believed to be a cause of at fault sdqsm> flutter (v) — to flap or wave quick 3 ‘Confined (v) ~ restricted, kept “space of aréamiee Hes Panic (adj) ~ frightened Uwornags os | cruel (aa), [merciless or heartless | c>muchstie cor Sravely (adv) = ina grave or serious manner ETT=f rds. \) Choose the correct synonyms for the italicized wor 1. Nice fun indeed! = yao .e uc Infact: b. doubtedly c. fine 2. The poor woman is in a panic. esd a-faar b. grid c. crash 3. The mother consoled her little girl. wes oS @. pretended forted c. left 4. You are always self-centred. Stree UsSSu Sthresoner self-centred. _ er Syostic! b. generous c. heroic 5. What is the secret you are whispering? Ss am See @. rumourers — _bergurmuring ¢. shouting d the antonym for the following words, 3 delight x Semwsic) meSR Ee 3 op mut 2. disgrace = boneut = amcor eS cman 3. careless) x Cae fu? Smo Boe ees 4. secret x open SR Re x tent Bese 5. confine x jeca Remo SEs Os FS 5 aor =) Fill in the blanks, 1. The sparrows built their nests in the 7 2. The diamond jewel was tying in the _smsice A 3. The diamond jewel belonged to _Azeenatshe Snore? 4. was the servant maid of Meenakshi Ammal. 5. Ramayya and his wife lived with the fear of ea ) Say the following statements are True or False, 2 1. Two sparrows built a nest on a tree top. i diamond jewel. 2. Kuppayi swept out the diamond jewel to the magistrate, a gave the 3. Ramayy’ 6Vocabulary, Homophone Homophones are words with same pronunciation but different meanings, origins, or spelling. For example: new = knew | hole = - whole — knight = — night SEO sea a. Pick out the correct homophone. L 2, 3. 4 Tam not __ to drink soda. (aloud,allowed) rae sete The win the leaves. (blue,blew), ble? Iw my friend. (riest i He play the ____in the second play. (role, roll) Thave______ the movie already. (scene,séen) 7b. Choose the correct homophone. _ a 1. Every morning my father likes to look at the _____— a) due _bydéw: 2. Chennai is the” of Tamilnadu. a) capitol b)capital 3. I was very last weekend because my friends went to the Village without informing me. a)-ored b) board 4. The cat caught the. of a mouse. a) scent b) cent 5. The — tises in the east. a) son bySun Abbreviation and Acronyms a. Abbreviation: An abbreviation ig a shortened form of a word or . phrase, Example: pm - Prime Minister Example: ATM Automated Teller Machine 5 GB Giga Byte PC Personal Computer CEO Chief Educational Officer EMIS Education Management Information System IAS Indian Administrative Service NMMS National Means cum Merit Scholarship / SBI State Bank of India OTP One Time Password IFSC Indian Financial System Code PDF | Portable Document Format t fico Light Emitting Diode” ‘UPS ——_-Uninterruptible Bower Supply Goods and Services Tax (GSTpb. Acronyms: ‘An acronym is a shortened form of a phra: i x = se and is usually ma Jetters of that phrase. For example: NATO - North Atlantic aie ore up the initial ~ nization. - example: AVADI Armoured Vehicles and Ammunition Depot of India _ RAM | Random Access Memory © ROM © Read-Only Memory — NEET — National Eligibility cum Entrance Test UDISE © Unified District Information System for Education PAN | Permanent Account Number ‘ WHO | World Health Organization NEWS © North, East, West and South. i SIM — Subscriber Identification Module — LAN” Local Area Network i VAT Value Added Tax | Expand the following: Select Condldo. geo iLO. Gntecnationad Labour — Ofgantiader SCERT — Otefe § Counei! Of Edveca tone! Prsege ch, ont us Cndion Jnctitete OF To chnclegy 3 pre todiae Spa hecemas Organtsadin FIR Fizct (qos mation Qapor Hracd UNESCO Onttod Arata Cducabonal Aetertifit oral Ce sd Unite A Motes tr toenabond C1 Bhi ne MSA fatowa) cfesoncietio camd spate ehuanitteat ay Ee Acgurtced fm@mens aby olen cay dt deo tomo tale ndion Deoftert typ Achy fyn dito ns baidentified gery pbloch — FAQ ——e 9x Formal letter _ ‘i " wi There are many situations in which pene Specific format. The formal letter should be rmal letters. The formal letter has, rite on presented in an organised manne ite A formal letter includes: > Sender's address > Date — > Name/designation and address of the receiver. > Subject, > Salutation ? > Body of the letter’ \ f > Closing Paragraph i f > Complimentary close | > Subscription | > Sender's Name) j Designation (if applicable) Informal letter An informal letter includes: > Sender's address \ >» Date — > Salutation > > Body of the letter > Closing Paragraph > Complimentary close > Subscription > Sender’s Name 14‘ample formal Letter _— _[- 210, Sunrise Avenui Sender's address a ie Chennai- 600 001 Date —{ 10 April 2020 The Officer-in-charge, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation, The Municipality, Chennai Name/designation and address of the receiver ‘Subject —[[ Subject:- Wastage of water due toa broken _ pipe. — Salutation —[ Dear Sir/Madam, — We have observed wastage of water for the last 15 days at a construction site, near our Body of the letter school. It makes the whole area slippery and muddy. Mosquitoes have begun to breed there and it has become a health hazard. We request you to look — into Closing Paragraph | the matter immediately and get the pipeline repaired. Complimentary close —( Thank you, Subscription = Yours sincerely/faithfully/truly,” Sender's Name Designation TE Inyan (if applicable) . ; Using the given letter asa model, write a complaining letter on any oreo topics given below. a) To the Police commissioner about the noise caused by the loud speaker In @ > Music shop near your school. a ) To the Postmaster General on non — receipt of book parcel. €) To the Trai bus stop. sport Manager, TNSTC on non- stopping of buses neat your school 15S . ‘ample informal Letter a ‘Se -_F South Mourit Roa nde vr Tine Town Date) -[[ 27 November 2020 Salutation -[[ Dear Mother, Tam fie here and hope tis letter finds you in good health. [ am enjoying my new: a “ofthe lorroe {and hostel life, Though sometimes | feel Body ofthe etter ~) homesick but your words of advice abvays help me overcome the feeling. 1 believe this school is one of the best school and we have all the facilities. The teachers are very well-leamed, affectionate and efficient, My Classmates are helpful and fun to be with. Please convey my regards to dad and love ‘to Suganya, Subscription -L Your loving daughter, Sender's Name —{ Seema given informal letter as a model, write a letter on any one ics given below. letter to your father asking permission, to go on a educational using the cof the toP" a) write tour. i “ eter to you end bau your sumer nla, b) terse OVS Helena cutuelproganm® quit pot 2 day celebration, ins 16Noun isa word used as the name cof a person, Place, or thing. Example: Person - Akbar Place Chennai Thing - Computer Animal = Dog or state, Example: come, réad, speak, write, leam, am, is, was, are, have, had, do, does, did onjunction Is a word used to Jin words or sentences. Exemple: and, but, because, of $0, stil, f, as, before, ‘though, neither..nor 0 that, either...or, 17 Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, » :xample: I, We, You, He, She, It, They, Me, Us, ; Him, Her, Them. xemple: very, beautifully, dleverly, quickty, quite, Possibly, never, often, Example: Alas, Wow, Me Farah, Oh Hel, Ah, Hush, Bravo,~~’ Noun Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, thing, animal or an idea, Types of nouns: Proper noun, Common noun, Collective noun, Abstract NOUN, “noun, ia is the name of the Example: Hari, Ak Tamil Nadu, India. isan liven in common to every ™ os. person or thing of the same deere boy, girl, woman, tree, anima). Student, teacher y A is the name of a number of perso; Colfective OF things taken together. “Noun.” Example: police, army, crowd, “people, team, nation, family. iB David, Madurai, Parrot, happiness, book, thought, Qreen, tiger, Trichy, computer, Narayanan, fan, sister, Kalam, woman, pencil, Bharathi, problem, brother, Mumbai, swan, elephant, Vijay, solution, success, school, convent. Ideas/ feel», Read the following paragraph and pick out the different types of nouns and put them in the table, Hobby is an activity that we enjoy doing in our free time. It keeps us busy in our leisure time. People choose their hobby on the basis of their interests and Personality. Do you know what Dr. A.P.J, Abdul Kalam’s hobby was? ee ee Collective Noun) AbstractiNi c, Fill in the blanks with the suitable collective noun. Choir shower, bowl, flock, cup, pall bunch, herd, bottle aad Sao Lerner CE? 6. tak toi omen Be, 2 apiece or tics 7 a bubch of ‘grapes ema 3a Chala” of singers! . aad? orice 4.a_fotth of milk f 5. a__Gtep of tea | 9%a_ Pace of shoes 10. a_ Remiame DWE BAD my ‘Our your thelr 19ronoun AfichiecHiPenRinseT eee nee) yject. Me, Us, You, Him, Her 1 The Examples: The painting is done by me, He called them. I will give you a book, a, Change the underlined words with correct pronoun. 1. Isaw Mr. Balu this morning and ave HBB my homework. 2, Muthu likes computer games, but he doesn’t play computer games Very often, 3. My aunt lives in Trichy but, my ai teen comes to visit my family. 4. 5 Neil Armstrong was born in 1930, Neil Aristrong landed on the moon in 1969, . He helped the old lady. He gave the ald fady food. Possessive pronoun and possessive adjective. | My shirt is green. ee “Your book new b. Change the possessive adjective Into possessive pronoun. 1, This is my pen. tue wee 2. Shenbah missed her purse. ho tins - ee 3. Her speech is nice. p 4. My book is new. Pho Kind 5, My bike is costly. Pte bihly bike & patna —C) VERB Verb is a word used to express an action or state. Transitive verbs are verbs that express Intransitive ve are verbs that action with an object. express action without an object, © The object of a transitive verb can be a Examples: | noun, pronoun or a noun clause or phrase, 7 ‘Tran. { arianani ! cannies: Tran swiftly. i aaa r Tran in the race — I threw the ball. (Noun as object) 4 We beat them. (Pronoun as object) “I think that you are correct. (Noun clause! ; as object) — AVE : ss List out the transitive and intransitive verbs in following words. come, buy, teach; learn, arrive,sing, runy draw; jump;wi Language Check Point 2 (oUF ir -tet 8 The meaning of cope is to I cannot cope up I cannot cope with this manage. Cope is followed with this pressure. pressure. by the preposition ‘witht, : and never followed by ‘up’. All the hair on one's head is ic id He has grey hairs. He has grey hair. Considered, uncountable on so, ‘hairs’ is almost always incorrect. What is the time in What is the time by your In your watch is incorrect. your watch? watch? Use by to ask time.* Special Hero oe Christina M KerschenFupplemeptarsy | Toe womarp on Plaifesne No.8 BATUD S12 Yes SAMbale stator ta'o Cloaic ? Platfovrm No.8 > Weman fowhite dwe eaed Bir ply ? T24- 8amosa » Talebiog > Sathish, motres > Awup (Bowles: 7 Bag fault. corcker bot big box oR Cheecolatese (Satish teotres gave to Satish)TMi AUeITele Ruskin Bond is a short story writer, novelist’ yi and poet, the favourite writer of Indian \ children, His first no\ of, was published when he was still in his teens. This novel won him the John Rhys Memorial’ \, Award in 1957. He also writes about children ~~ and the simple hill folk of Uttarakhands He Simplicity and fluency of language and an insight into human nature are hallmarks of his style. His major writings include An Island of Trees, A Bond with the Mountains and The India I Love. He has also been honoured with the Sahitya Akademi Award for his contribution to Indian literature: De tres Still geew ro Fakes 30A, Choose the best answer. 1. Satish's mother handed to her son . lait a. bag of pencil _b. bag of vegetables big) box of chocolates .d. cricket ball 2. The train would come at a. one 0’ clock bAflelve o'clock’ cc. two o'clock —_d. eleven o’ clock 3. The strange lady gave to Arun. a. coffee and vadai b. tea and baijji wy" samosas — d. black tea and cake 314. Arun was sitting on platform ———— 3 ano.7 bn no 4 one =: rs old boys. 5. Satish and Arun were yea 4.46 aq?) bil 13 ‘ B. Match the following. o 1. Woman in white - mother of Satish y 2. train ~ boy of same age = dressed simply | = waves of stream 2 ‘5. spectaclés = Arun C. Identify the character. 1, Lam glad to know that. Morée~ Of stich 2. Are you all alone, my son? sHxanqe addy 3. Yes, Iam going to school, Accer 4. He is one of my friends, fadvsh Berne’ 5. Goodbye mother, Ayaed Sov rere D. Answer the following questions. 1. Where was Arun sitting? What was the expected arrival time of the train? What were the sight Arun had seen on the platform? What did the vendors sell? How did the woman appear? What did the woman buy for him? 2. 3 4. 5. 6. Where was Arun travelling to? 7. 8. What was the advise of Sathish's mother? 9. What were Arun’s last words? 10. What was the reaction of the woman at the end? 32Step to cD Sentence Rearrangement A. Miss Sullivan arrived at the Keller home when Helen was seven. B. The deaf and blind Helen learned to communicate verbally.» C. But, eventually, Miss Sullivan's effort was rewarded. D. Before Helen Keller was two years old, she lost her sight and her hearing. E. Miss Sullivan worked closely with Helen, her new student. © F. At times the teacher became frustrated. 1. DEFACB eee j 3. ACFDEB 4. CFDABE 5. FOACEB :‘iotty turns iio Sg { rs fn a uc Wee Leeaa plewatun Thee heey eninne Shem ac | amanl > Grand athe > Stomies | 3 digeraulty re weadry woxidting sword » Magic, Magictan > writing —___| | ll. pAfay Rajasthan xAGe2 DHeaary rmpeatoh 9 lous box (fathees — Cound Axticr Dholpue | Rafasthan sy Fee ning | P Altes Study 3 Tailrs CAjayp | *Feaio of tite > Practyes ty Ceaating mage PExhibited 0 9 Solel DM | De C2004) . 7 7 NatenclAuwacd Uf Accomputh bait dete > Tree prec teain irs to BT adn | 2Meroben ag Deak & Dumb (Ass octation -Ropattiensection -IIt | The hard working and the passiona! their dream and live it. Ilavazhagi is one am her dream amidst all odds. Mr. A. Irudayara}y level champion in carroni. His dream shatte not encourage and support him. He was. del dream through his daughter. He used to pul carrom board, while she listened to the soun with Bim coins. When she was two years old, he would carry her eh to the tournaments; he played with his friends at loca ; S. Her father began coaching her when she was around five. me day her father called her for a match, and she won that matdl , which gave her confidence. The confidence led her to win. Her victories included the Asia Cup and (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and the world championship, te people, always chase jong the many to achieve her father, was a district” red, since his family did termined to achieve his t his daughter on the ds of striker and NG, Irudhayaraj, @ fish-cart driver who transports materials like pipes to make g le for his family — a wife and three daughters, They lived in a small one-room parte in Vyasarpadi, Chennai, is not enough to accommodate the family. The trophies, has won over the years are too many, and her home is just not big enough to Keep the The trophies left over after filling the space under the bed, were given to the Neighbours, relatives, Financing the trips has always been a big trouble, though she has been playing the state for almost 14 years: Still she says "Victories follow mé”. llavazhagi is a member of the Thiruvallur District Carrom Association = also represented India at the Carrom World Championships, Asian Championships. Achievements: 1. 5" World Carrom Champion, 2008 in France. 2.Women’s~singles title at the 3% Senior National Carrom Championships Visakhapatnam, 2009. 3. Women’s singles title in the 37" National Carrom Championship in Chennai, 2008- 4. 13" SAARC Carrom Championship women’s dot 5. The two time SAARC Carrom Championshi 6. World Cup winner in 2006 and the next w, she secured the first place in singles and ubles with Rashmi Kumari in 2008. as the 2010 championship in the US whe doubles, She holds 260 medals, Out Of which - medals won i ° 1106 are gold, 17 are silver & 12 ate br medals in internation er ter hobby of playing carrom took hey vn “tr to the laval Of wort ehampio™“Whatever you like to do, make it a hobby.” -Warren Buffet Writing is a unique hobby because most people don't want to exhaust themsely their spare time. Many feel that writing is tough, but I do not think so. I feel writing Painting our voice, When I get free time, I pick a pen and a notebook and start Painting ideas in words. I write stories, poems and sometimes, about my feelings. My mind ra when I pour my thoughts as words. So, writing energises me. When I write things, my imagination is at its best, I imagine a world with magic i Magicians, where I can fly, and birds can talk. Writing helps me completely immerse my’ into that world! Sometimes, I sit with small children and entertain them with these sto of mine. The happiness of their faces makes me to write More and better, Although writing is just a hobby for me, yet it is very beneficial. It opens my mind think beyond the little things with a broader mind, It makes me more passionate about! life. Tt makes me learn new things and enjoy every moment of my life.My hobby helped me in school too, When started writing things, T was unable to describe hem accurately. With time, my experiences yelped me think of new ideas and this made me a good writer, Now, I look out for things, which I was not able to see before. Hence, I can describe things better in my stories. I feel no problem with writing English essays or stories as it is my hobby. To become a better writer, I spend time on learning how to write in different forms Minister of Tamil Nadu,’ Mr C.N. Annadurai, had the hobbies of reading and’ writing. He wrote many books, stories, plays, thought-provoking articles and cine dialogues which have contributed to reformation of society as we know it today! like fiction and non-fiction, It is important to always learn and improve our hobbies. Who Glossary €@) unique (adj) a exhaust (v) - energises (v) - passionate (adj) Se accurately (adv) - fiction (n) - spare (adj) _ S distinctive / uncommon Ss=-4saante rant tireout Sarge give energy intense/ heartfelt Boost E 656 exactly FoCSucoms imaginative writing 4 Sons extra jows? One day I could be a writer like R.K, Narayan! Read/and) Understand © A. Say true or false, 1. Mani's hobby is playing cricket. 2. Habbies are unique to people. 3. People have hobbies only to pass time. 8. Choose the correct answer, 1. Mani imagined a world with Saat b) building and sculptures eymagic and magicians 2. When Mani started writing things, he was unable to . . —Gescribe them accurately’ b) describe them fluently ¢) describe them imaginatively 3. Mani feels writing is like @-Fiinting the voice b) engraving the voice 37 ©) designing the voiceRead and Understa ., Fill in the blanks. 1, Mani's grandfather noticed it and helped him by reading : 2, Ajay mastered the techniques of 3. Ilavazhagi won her first match against 3, Choose correct synonyms for the italic word, 1, Writing is a unique hobby 2°53. e:9ap a) common b) beneficial ©)uncommon —d)s€parate 2. Ajay started to paint happily. a) depressed “by foyfully Cc) unhappily d) sadly 3. Miniature paintings depict Indian culture. S§54585% @) warp sby Pprtray wv ) twist d) falsify >, Choose correct antonyms for the italic word. 1. Ajay suffered an injury. a) sorrow _ eyefidure! c) hurt d) mourn 2. Ajay mastered the techniques of painting. a) skilled b) proficient ‘cy thskilled d) experienced 3. Ilavazhagi won world championship in 2008. a) win b) succeed oe d) well-skilled . Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. 1. What happened to Ajay at the age of three? 2. What did Asha Devi teach Ajay? 3. Why writing is beneficial according to Mani? » Answer the following questions in 100 words. How did’ father find h_.on’s talent? 2. Write a ne lavazhagi. 41Singular and Plural We have seen how to form Going to see the other forms of plurals. ural from singular for certain nouns ang Noy plur Ye Some nouns become plural ‘us’ changes into when we change the vowels. Singular attic man foot tooth | cactus © fungus — syllabus — goose ~ bacterium — bacteria oasis — medium — media crisis — -curriculum — curricula Add 's’ to the first word in some aanearave game for hyphenated word. P . nets Pir lcie Passer-by passers-by © deer deer sister-in-law sisters-in-law fish _ - fish brother-in-law _brothers-in-la “hair © ae nena furniture pata ‘ i x y luggage luggage Write the plural form of the given words — Siruere altig. | 5 “food. food. 6 commander in-chier 2 radius fade pe thesis 3. governor - general (renres: enc forum 4: syllabus © Hl 5 oan hese oe Cate 10 : ~ ~ genius) g eB 42 —— ~Compound words Compound words are formed when two or more words are put together to form a new word with a new meaning. _Some important compound words using (NOUN + NOUN) etd iibsel i Mai fel eet head - master head master key board key board cell ~ phone — cell phone school boy | eye sight | home > work © home work moon: light — moon light. note » book note book Some important compound words using (GERUND + NOUN) Cet TaUis} “dining - hall dinning hall ~ washing — machine » washing machine — waiting hall waiting hall driving school schoo! walking — stick ~ walking stick drawing room | drawing room calling — “calling bell “baking baking soda” Some important compound words using (NOUN + VERB) fam Ree anal snow fall \ car park | ~ book mark, sunset” “cat walk “rain fall» ~ hair cut toothacheite them: 7} und words and Ww A) Match the following compo! New.word Reo nr patekbo x i Art poe EL . wait Is air cegtcitl - bfrocl bara | Pop machine J : | sky bank F. bE “hair blues Se “book | acorn, beokmact ae “box Serving Pur B. Choose the best answer to make a compound word 1. Which can be placed after ‘soft’? a) play pyre | c) run d) cycle 2. Which can be placed before ‘light’? a) ty sth | horse — d) cat 3. Which can be placed after ‘safe’? a) chair ard ¢) shop d) van 4. Which can be placed after ‘blire"? a) cane byprint c) see d) land 5. Which can be placed after ‘water’? @) food b) stick» i ) out Gan© Questions on passage 1. Whats Philately? Sfarops s Numismatics? Q, Do you know where the rarest and 2 Mos nd the most eautiful st Painting can help unleash your Creatis a ve side, that is your frie hobby? How does it How? ween ivute:Adjective An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun: @tecaaicaes 9 Ii Piers snc keni Ode ls f show the kind or quality of a person or thing, » § nt "0 Example: TU kolkata is a large ety. He is an honest man, The foolish old crow tried to sing. This is the Grammar of the English language: TY tives lel is YE wleai iG Tcid les.) wh a Pirate Lyfe describe the quantity of something. Example: ‘He showed much patience. He has little intelligence. We have had enough exercise. He has lost all his wealth. You have no sense, He did not eat any rice, Take great care of your health, He claimed his half share of the booty.» There has not been sufficient rain this year Tt 47felsH oeulitelne? UH eeneries sole tists yews os ale cee DNS rene Mlle persons or thit 7 yr in what order a ‘show how many persons or things are meant, oF er personae, thing stands. Example: Each hand has five fingers. Few cats like cold water, There are no pictures in this book. Thave taught you many things. “All men must die, Here are some ripe mangoes, Most boys like cricket, There are several mistakes in your exercise. Sunday is the first day of the week etd ec inet (-a9] 2c} 2 Point to "which" noun or | you're speaking about. These four words will hep - you spot demonstrative ad is, that, these, those, 1 Example: . This lady is stronger than Maha, - That boy is industrious. These books are good. Those girls must be encouraged, Demonstrative Adjectives answer the question: Which?. Interrogative adjectives pose a quComparative fastest - faster — fast : tall taller tallest a mar smaller Smallest SI strong stronger Strongest tich richer richest poor poorer Poorest weak weaker. : weakest For most one syllable adjectives you make the comparative form by adding “er ang for superlative form. Monosyllabic adjectives Comparative ] erlativa tallest longest ~.-fastest If the adjective already ends in ©, YOU just add -r, One syllable adjectives ending ine Adjective ‘ Cdn eT Ciera For some adjectives you need to double the last Je when the last three letters of the word have the Pattern ‘ter before you add -er, You @? Consonant-vowel-consonant. 50“yi dne syllable adjectives that need a double letter /Saifenshic @ialebe av hottest For adjectives ending in y, you make the comparative form by changing the y to ani, ~ then adding -er. q Adjectives ending in y [eat Comparative happy “happier happiest | ; | pretty prettier prettiest ] ~ Disyllabic Words & For most words with two syllables or more, you make the comparative form by adding the word more before the adjective. Two syllable adjectives amie 2 eee lisa | beautiful more beautiful most beautiful | Important more important _ most important _ The exceptional case et tr Catsieishis good» “better bad worse | worst - ‘jittle less least — farther | “farthest : (further). (furthest) late” later (latter), latest (last) _much/many more” most 51a. Fill in the blanks Cee Cen ellos Talles SBtnast smarter Jawge| lerges big biggerA Sito Covbett,a Hunptes Turnech Nectussentt st * Tir Corbett » Betrsh wvile Cife P Siphon > Robin 3 Time dog. > Champacwat Cr "924 > Bengas Pigwese | kinea 4as > Nepar and Kurmaen (Eocia) 9 Guipness 3 Champawatd 9 ot by Tim {Soy > TI eo firs attack ap Vtitage 3 Nepo. Tito {owect TOR Jeoro > Kama on GS tigen Ibage Great 3 Charpatwat | ?_1957 » Tim Carbet National parks Lname by ieoartnagie mete of his life planting trees, creating a! real man- | made forest of 5; 550 0 hectares. - ffA. Ifill in tthe blanks. ; 1. Jim Corbett died on 19th pect! Ir) 2. Corbett shot wild animals in his Cero Ailton. Ca nance, 3. tach orca ‘iss the first man eater shot by Corbett. | 4. Corbett shot the tigress dead, near the (Ae faa A Brod $e. IB. [Read the fallauine nacenan and anmuantha sunctiane eiven aStep to Success (@ analogy — verbal reasoning questions. There is certain relation between two given words, find the relation to find the missing word. b) Engagement c) Experiment —d) Employment 2 Bat , Hockey :? se a) Field ‘byStick © c) Player d) Ball 3, Dog : Rabies , Mosquito :'? a) Plague _ b) Death “oyifélaria’ d) Sting 4 Man : Biography , Nation : ? a) Leader b) People ¢) Geography History 5, Bread: Bakery, Brick: ? a) Mint 6. Doctor : Diagnosis, Judge : ? 4 a) Court b) Punishment —_c) Lawyer “dyJudgement c) Furnace d) MinePoose : 2 Hovey Hursme idvto. a Suacagatey Sie Issac Newton Saween, ~The Ingenfoug Scienrtret >Netwoten bown [64a > Woolsthvore Englernd . 9 Fatnes Death > Mother travviet Clery CNowtn kiftiporn) 2 @eaomdrma > advised 2 Cloekma ku 9 Uate clot. Sundral (Mools th70 Pe) ep ktindrin thes PAge G& Iu CNewton) » Second Boe 5) other want to insict Joam, . af Sent Aim +e Cam bas dg univestey p Fiest peasen to find Nate of LEfrE 2pM-p > Knighthood © /r727 dredd8o“tp Tssac Newton was bor at_Lalap/ctthex po “2: Grand mother was advised to apprentice him to a Clon Boma kere "3, Isaac made a clock, by the dropping of Letatve 4, The sun-dial made by Isaac fs still n existence at _Ielonds hoe pa "5, Isaac constructed a model of the _tine/anitl. B. Chnose the conrect syremyems far tie Ralficized! wardis. GGG GSE 1. Isaac was chiefly remarkabile for his ingenuity. a. common | bertable c, neglected d. unknown 2. He will make a capital workman. a. wealth b. excellent c. profitable afead 3. Nobody could tell what the sunshine was comps 5 Of actiade: b. known c. full d. felt 4B 4, He cared little for earthly fame and honors, paises battracion ——g. proug A) depopult 66yen oF eight years old. But this sort of Ingenuity i ans . ith the pertalents of such men,” Igenuity is but a mere trifle in comparison with th Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4, 1a04 Np 13 as 1864) was an American novelist, dark romantic, and short story writer His works often focus on history, morality, and religion, He was born in 1804 © in Salem, Massachusetts, to Nathaniel Hathome and» the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. The biography of Sir Isaac Newton was published in Nathaniel Hawthorne's, True Stories from History and Biography (1851). =) enchanted (v) = delighted | oumiene , obeeS “ miniature (adj) > very small model “curiosity (n) - eagerness AF ad accustomed (v) = something familiar with (usd oso 8 ‘gazing (v) = looking steadily and intently asi3eAriese ceased (v) = stopped — : Read and Understand } A. Choose: the correct:antonym for the italicized word 1. His Grandmother was very Kéna'to him. BBE XOSrOg var a. affectionate b.loving. disrespectful d7Gruel 2. The boy seemed to have a tastefor mathematics. a. delicious b. sweet d. against ‘ Dem usd 3. Isaac possessed a wonderful faculty of acquiring knowledge. a. owned b. controlled —sctfcks d. have Wont gg eeos” . ith his tools. usually busy wil ly 4. He was observed to be usta ay c. unwantedly F-Usvally a. common br memes tite fialliomrimg questions im oneor two ° ts fter his father's death? 1. Who was taking care of Newton af > 2. What did Isaac manufacture at his young a9 a 3. How did the young boy find the strength of the wind? 4. Why were his friends attracted by the windmill? 5. How was Newton honoured by the king? c Acswer tite filliomiing i about 100 words: _ 1. Why did Newton's friends advice his grand mother to apprentice him toag =m ” 2. How did Newton learn about the way a windmill operated? , 3, Mention some of Newton's inventions. Mee ° Prefix and Suffix Prefix A Pref isan affix which is placed before the root word, Adding it to thet of one word changes it into another word. For example, when the prefix un-is, to the word happy, happy. it creates the new word unlSeercise L Underline the prefix in each word in the boxes mix relocate disown » disclose unsafe ‘unlock. rewrite dislike [Pdistrust ‘untrue! unhook | ‘Suffix A suffix is an affix which is placed after the root word. These suffixes change the meaning or grammatical function of a root word. unlucky Ceeia Eiane been eron | happy -ness happiness | colour -ful colourful friend friendship Example: fat + er =fatter drive + ing =driving change + able = changeable use +less = useless beauty +ful =beautiful lie +ing = lying _ b. Pick a suitable prefix and suffix from the given box and complete the following words. able ful) ly, sub; lon, Un) tri) re; im, mis |e call, comfortable boit_understand success 4 u Ges colour Syllabification Syllabication is the act, process, or method of forming or dividing words into syllables, It is splitting, of words according to the syllables or unit of sounds or vowel | sounds, thas six types. They are: — A Monosyllabic 2.Disyllabie (or) Bisyllabic 3.Trisyllabic 4.Tetrasyllabic 5.Pentasyllabicy 6.Polysyliabic (or) Multisyllabic, ‘The process of dividing words into smaller parts or syllables is called ‘Syllabification'. 71en | Monaosyliabic Words: “act a see all a “plot steel -_ one Schoo} break rhythm | hs life ball bats, Disyllabic (or) Bisyllabic Words: a-gain _ rub-ber- beside in-stead de-lay wo-men - 4 "purpose pro-gramme van-quish ~ out-break mo-ral di-rect. co-ward en-ding care-ful sus-pect “lead-er re-joice Trisyllabic Words : beau-ti-ful | to-morrow Po-pu-lar in-ten-tion Per-mi-ssion e-ffec-tive. ’ -lu-per-cal. , le-ga-cy.. be-lov-ed -for-tu-nate: be-ne-fit e-le-ment. “consider... “im-pli-cit -gWordshnving only faurayilabies! ursurably mblistaty intebttegent | @-co-no-my In-he-r-ted se-custi-ty ” lo-ca-licty e-quarli-ty — pub-li-cl-ty ; | mo-ra-li-ty im-me-di-ate — Klo-me-ter) oc-cu-partion | gen-era-tion — tech-no-lo-gy | mutti-me-dia u-ni-verssity parti-cuslar | oD on syllabic Words s 1 ! 1 | Penta syllabic Wonds s | exa-micna-tion com-mu-ni-ca-tion i-ma-gi-na-tion qua-li-fi-ca-tion © re-pre-sen-ta-tion— spe-ci-fi-ca-tion par-ti-ci-pa-tion in-ter-pre-ta-tion © e-va-lu-a-tion de-ter-mi-na-tion — ac-com-mo-da-tion re-pre-sen-ta-tive mo-di-fi-ca-tion — per-so-na-li-ty jus-ti-fi-ca-tion in-i-ti-a-tive fun-da-men-tal-ly ne-go-ti-a-tion Polysyllabic Words : fear h Papua au-tho-ri-ta-ri-an in-fe-ri-o-ri-ty per-son-i-fi-ca-tion con-sti-tu-tion-al-ly _ dis-qua-li-fi-ca-tion — syl-lab-i-fi-ca-tion au-to-bio-gra-phy hu-ma-ni-ta-ri-an en-cy-clo-pe-di-a au-di-o-vi-su-al in-com-pre-hen-si-ble” he-tér-0-ge-ne-ous: i-den-ti-fi-ca-tion phy-sl-p-the-ra-pist un-de-li-ve-ra-ble in-ter-ro-ga-to-ry_ sub-sti-tu-tion‘a-ry © mis-pro-nun-cl-a-tion &. Syllabify the following words 1. education-* 2. school | 3.college'- 24. english —%; opportunity—4-! 6. friend —/- 7. teacher- 2+ 8, simultaneously —{, 9. laboratory —4- 10. beneficiary —_>~ 73Prepositions Preposition is a word or phrase that connects a noun or pronoun to a verb or adjective in a sentence. Common Prepositions: in, on, at, to, with, during, before, after — Prepositions of time Time prepositions include: at, on, in, before and after. They are used to when something happened, happens or will happen. 75Prepositions of time examples in the foNonn Ns ©ETTTNCSS are in bol 'repositions identification. ; > Twas born on July 4, 1982. > Twas born in 1982. > Lwas born at exactly 2.a.m. Twas born two minutes before my twin brother: I was born after the Great War ended. — I first met John in 1987. It’s always cold in January. vwy v > Easter falls in spring each year. » The Second World War occurred in the 20° century. > We eat breakfast in the morning. 2) Fill in the blanks by using correct preposition. + We go to school pr Mondays, but not on Sunday + Christmas falls_&*25" December, . Buy me a present _pn_ my birthday, |. Families often argue _ A>. Christmas time. - I work faster _at night. © Her shift finished _a# 7 p.m. PNpunne Modal Verbs A modalis a type of helping verb ti Permission or obligation like need. hat is used to ex 3 a r Press: ability, possi must shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might! Is) are used to @ - i but are a combination of helping verbs and the prey ‘XPress the same things as m0 Position ought to, used to. How to use: Circle the modal verbs in the list given in the box, shall should co! may| a use modal verbs to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible r not We also use modals to do things like talking about ability, asking permission. hey may come by car. impossibility We use the negative can’t or cannot to show that something is not possible. That can’t be true. You cannot be serious. We use couldn’t/could not to talk about the past. We knew it could not be true, He was obviously joking. He could not be serious. Probability We use the modal must to show we are sure something to be true and we have reasons for our belief. It's getting dark. It must be quite late. You haven't eaten all day. You must be hungry. Permission We use can to ask for permission to do something. Can I ask a question, please? Can we go home now? could is more formal and polite than can Could I ask a question please? Could we go home now? Instructions and requests We use could you and would you as polite ways of telling or asking someone to do something. Can T...? Can you ...? Could I... Could you ...? and so on. The negative form is can’t in spoken English and cannot in written English. We sometimes say cannot, but it is very emphatic, The negative form of could is coufdn’tin spoken English and could notin written English. We sometimes say could not. We use can and can’t. 77Passed the exam or not. Hardly hac she seen her aunt when she stopped fighting, Example NERO} bility | Tcan speak a little Russign ti ility to express abilit a Can I open the Window? Si to request permission I may be home lata, may to express possi ; May I sit down, please may to request permission I must go now, must to express en She must be over 90 years oy must to eaniess sae You should stop Smoking, ee ee or offer” Would you like a cup of teay would in if-sentences If I were you, T would Say Sorry, ___inifsentences __If I were you, I wo T. Use polite request when we seek help from others. 8) Fill in the blanks using would you or could you. 1. Coulcl woe please close the door? 2. Please open the window? 8 Bete gecmind going to the back bench? 4. Cp; Lettplease bring some water for me? b) Use the phrases could you or would you in the following situations with your 1. Ask the policeman for directions, - You need to borrow your Friend's bike, You would need to exchan 2. 3. 4. You want to open your cla ge the book Purchased, 'sstoom window Language Check Lelia Q ‘i ation Teannot say if he has ' =I ae erhehas i wet PaSSed the exam of iid Whether’ is follo Hardly hag 7 ‘or’ She Bunt than she ooo her Tighting.P* Stoppeg Hardly! is always fol by ‘than’, 73Laer Mary Ann Evans (1819 ~ 1880), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, © t, journalist, translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era, George Eliot Glossaty. grace (n) elegance, charm aspiration (n) _ a hope or ambition of achieving something, desire, wish courage (n) > bravery, valour gleam (n) - shine brightly glimpse (n) + glance, quick look worthwhile (adj) - valuable, purposeful heritage (n) - inheritance 4, Comprehension questions. 4. What should we learn from every soul? 2. What qualities will help us brave the thickening ills of life? 3, Why should we make this life worthwhile? 4. What does the poet assure if we make our life worthwhile? 2. Fillin the blanks: 1. We should have a aapraahy in life. 2A Ait op is need for the darkening sky. 3, One must Rave a ag leen pect brighter skies to make the life worthwhile. 3, Figure of speech. Repetition: — Repetition is a literary device that repeats the same words of phrases a few times to nd more memorable. It is used to emphasize a feeling or idea, to an idea. are lovely, dark, and deep, But I have promises to ke x ERaRHstS gotbetroa steed rm and miles to go before I sleep. | | | make an idea clearer at | create rhythm, and brin ; - Robert Frost Pick out any two lines of repetition from the poem. 813, Tee thwee question a 2 #ing 2 32 Questions Ga bw rar apf in) ? Right time, (Peep, lukem to aoc) Cceupadiom } PHEW 2 Lape ct Treg — Mon — Stomach | | |- Who said these words? A. Choose the correct answer from the options given below 1. The king wanted to know the answers for Questions, aythree! b) five c) nine 2. The hermit lived ina . a) cottage b) palace Ly eo0d © widely renowned for his wisdom, yfermit | Fill in the blanks 1, The answer for the first question was to have a “bots 5 Lor Seu fix t time for everything. 2. The Ma fr wowwere referred to know the ri 3. The king decided to consult a b) messengers ¢) warriors ight time for every action. boy 1. “They all answered his questions differently.” 2. How can I learn to do the right thing at the right time? 3, “Now rest awhile - and let me work a bit” » Answer the following Questions, 1. What were the king's Questions? 2. Was the king satisfied with the answers? Why? 3. Why was the king advised to 90 to the ma, 4. igicians? Whose advice did the people say wo uld be j e ‘ond question? Pe important to the king in ans sec : 86(Asta TSS Felts me aes (1828 — 1910) was a Russian writer who is” regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. He is best ‘aa for the novels War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina’ (1877). Leo Tolstoy moaning (v) sob, cry %Gm5 unfasten (v) undo, disconnect, untie, disjoin revived (v) restored to life or consciousness HEBEAT DUDS crouched (v) bent, stopped (down) Getmd ; threshold (n) doorstep, entrance site<> seized (v) snatched , grabbed, held of suey Svea ecb, ambush (n) surprise attack, trap, entrap, Readiand Understand © A. Write ‘True or False’ for the following statement. 1. The bearded man was an enemy of the king. 2. The king and the hermit refused to help the wounded man. 3. The wounded nian asked for the king's forgiveness. 4. The king promised to restore the property of the bearded man. B, Match the words in column *A’ with their meanings in column ‘B’ physician th bring back | restore | __ Surprise attack’ repent ent | _ medical practition ambush — ge “regretPoose : 4 My Reminiscence — Rabin dternath> Tagen $e P England 2 bathe: Iyo tizindra aI ster rb law Living ar chan Sie 2 Ganga eliving villa Drooran's Gardin > Crtamfall (912 |My Reminiscence Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), Nobel prize-winning Bengali poet, author, philosopher, artist, and educator wrote “Gitanjali” (1912). "My Reminiscences" was written and published in his fiftieth year, shortly before he started on a trip to” Europe and America for his failing health in 1912. Tt” was in the course of this trip that he wrote for t! first time in the English language for publication, 94Colfer la “ineffable (adj) languid (adi) beyond expression in words, unspeakable gui Moving slowly plaintive (adj) caterer ministrations (n) ‘the act of helping or caring wrought (v) ~ caused | clustering (v) “forming a group | belching (v) | to let air come up veritable (adj) more exciting’ clothes © Gl as Ey oe G4E3v2 A. Fill in the blanks 1. The author speaks about the river_ Zane? 2. The author's brother's name is_Jyatitendéa— 3. The (man-f23ph F'glimmered over the smooth flowing stream. 4. The | ee ‘the Ganges served as feed and clad: drink to. - the author. B. Answer the following in one or two sentences 1. Quote the expressions from the text when the author sees the Ganges again, 2. In what ways the river and its bank have changed? 3, How were the rooms arranged in his house? C. Answer the following ina paragraph 1. How does the author spend his afternoon? Explain. 2. Describe how the river looks when he rows back 3. Draw the images in the box after reading the text carefully. 95Vocabulary Clipped Words nation 0 consists in the req ‘Clipping isthe word formation process which COmSSS| ; Fre pe of spars. These words ae called ped words, 8) ad = _ luncheon _ mathematics advertisement = — - automobile = auto cab memorandum cabriolet - examination - exam | moving picture fanatic fan pantaloons gasoline gas | photograph gymnasium gym) refrigerator hamburger burger’ influenza = flu laboratory = lab a. Find out the clipped words for the following. 1. aeroplane - Plano 2. microphone, ~ AOiKe , 3. exhibition - ~ beth be 4. kilogram - tito. 5. cafeteria ~ neaggey : cli ; b. oo mise oo Ba ro 'n Your own sentence, 2. gymnasium on 3. luncheon | 7 duneh 4, advertisement - ad _ poo 5. zoological park » 96Blends. A blend word or a blend is a word formed from parts of two or more other words. binary + digit — breakfast + lunch camera + recorder — electro + execute electronic + mail © = email” mechanics + electronics. = mechatronics = brunch, = camcorder = electrocute motor + pedals = moped motor + hotel = motel news + broadcast’ = newscast smoke + fog” = smog Spanish + English = Spanglish» vital + amine = vitamin — a. Find out the clipped words for the following. 1. international + police — 2. helicopter + pad, 3. motor + hotel — 4, education + satellite 5. electronic + commerce — - Lo tecpet helcpad - Mote). - edusete - 2 Commie te b. Use the blended words in your own sentence. 1, electrocute - 2. spanglish 7 3. moped e 4. brunch 5. smog Idioms An idiom (also called idiornatic expression) is an expression, word or phrase that has a ~ figurative meaning conventionally understood by native speakers. This meaning is different — from the literal meaning of the idiom’s individual elements. In other words, idioms don't mean exactly what the words say. They have, however, hidden meaning. © Example: "Kick the bucket”. The meaning of the expression is different from the literal meaning or definition of - the word of which it is made, The meaning is used figuratively - "to die". Here are some interesting idioms. 97Food Idioms 1 Rad Egg. A dichonest of sll: behaved persone Example: He was abadeoo 2 A piece of cake | & tack thot can be accomplished very easily’ Example: Enaich is a prc of cake ‘an idie person | a smart cookie — a Clever person | Sport Idioms 1. The ball is in your court - It is your turn to make a decision. thon my share in this partnership. The ball is in your cog ppens next. Example: I've done m pode what 2. Saved by the bell - Saved by a tast minute intervention.” Example: The accused was saved by the bell otherwise the judge would hag ‘ed the sentence today itself. ‘onthe ball — fully aware and in of a situation front runner — expected to win or si Number Idioms 1, On cloud nine - Blissfully happy.) Example: The grandmother was on cloud nine to see her grandson after a fong tre 2. At sixes and sevens - confused or in a state of disorder’ Example: The government were at sixes and sevens over what to do about ft unemployment rate, Colours Idioms |. Caught red-handed - to catch someone in the act of doing something. © | Example: He was caught red-handed while stealing those candy bars. 982, Black sheep - to be the Outcast, odd one outyuniike.theiothersm Example: Rachel is the black sheep in the tea m atof the blue’ = randomly, surprisingly |; Res rarest in a blue moon — very rarely y = unclear, undefined © a good chance to get something — valuable_ Animal Idioms 1, At a snail's pace - Moving very slowly. Example: Traffic is moving at a snail's pace. 2. let the cat out of the bag - reveal a secret: Example: Who let the cat out of the bag about the surprise party? thelion’s share — the biggest part fish out of water — very uncomfortable » watch like a hawk — watching carefully | mad asa hornet - extremely angry Match with the meanings for the following Idioms. L.apiece of cake - Moving very slowly J 2. on cloud nine e easy | > 3. perfect ten f - — Blissfully happy 2— 4, at a snail's pace e someone who is cherished above all others (~ 5. apple of my eye - completely perfect % » Fill in the blanks with the meanings for the following Idioms. 1. take te fen a Baenk 6. a couch potato si eae 2, pieces of eight =Pemaaaute 7. thelion’s share. share__rggose ethers ‘black and blue —_chewsece lip — — 8. in black and white fest.» _ 4. wild goose chase —/aate fu? 9. drop the ball headigaammi.tta ka 5, seventvheaven Vaz Cappy 10.cat's meow __¢x@ott@et= _ 99C=@ Notice Writing What is a Notice? A notice is a written or printed announcement. They are put up on display boards in schools or at public places. — Why do we need? It is written in order to inform a large number of people about something that has happened or is about to happen. It could be just a piece of information to be delivered to the targeted audience. © How it could be. A competition? An excursion trip A lost and found notice. ‘An inauguration to take place An exhibition. A blood donation camp or any event or information issued in public interest. How should be the language? Notices are factual and to-the-point. The language should be simple and formal, not flowery. They are put up on display boards in schdols or at public places. It is generally written in a formal tone. Personal pronouns shouldn't be used. 101axe Conjunctions / Connectors ‘Connector’ is @ Word or a phrase that joins two sentences or group of words, together. They are also known as ‘conjunctions! f Coordinating Conjunetions links two or more words, clauses) phrases or “| sentences of equal importance. Some common Coordinating conjunctions are: — and, but, or, therefore, as well as, too, else, otherwise, ny Still, yet, while, however, so, consequently, for, etc. L, She ran fast and won the race, P_ Subordinating Conjunction are the words that finks a dependent clause to ) an independent clause. Some common Subordinating’ conjunctions are: after, as, until, unless, when, whenever, as soon as, as |» fit v ough, if, since, so that, though, | till, where, wherever, whether, while, why, ete...... The bus had left before he came, cy # FA correlative conjunction is a type of conjunction that functions in a pair. Some common Corelative conjunctions are: ind, neither....nor, not only... but hat, $0....as, a5....a5, a8....50, ee pn erage 4B Tam not only @ singer but also @ musician. 103L Coordinating Conjunctions f e These conjunctions join words, phrases or clauses of equal rank, Eeainpie) i, She ran fast and won the game. ii, God made the country and man made the town. ili, Get ready soon or you will miss the bus. iv. I requested him but he did not do the work. v. Behave well or else you will suffer. IL. Subordinate conjunctions. These conjunctions join two clauses. One of which is subordinate to) other Make hay while the sunshines. ii, Ravi reached the exam hall before the school bell had rung. "Where, wherever, whence, whither i. You will find your books where you had placed them. ii. You can see the beauty wherever you are in Ooty. Though, although, eventhough i. The alarm woke me up, eventhough it wasn't very loud. ii. The child was not covered, although it was very cold. as, than i. He is not as cl lever a8 you. ; ii, Rekha is better than her father. ; 104(a. Correlative conjunctions These pairs of conjunctions require equal structures after each.one. i. Shruthi wants either the chocolates or the cake. ji, She said that she would like to have both the chocolates and the cake, iii, You can have neither the cake nor the ice-cream. vi.I have not yet decided whether I will have the cake or the ice-cream. v. She ate not only the chocolates but also the ice-cream. iv. Abirami is both cute and lovely. 1, Underline the conjunctions In the following sentences. 1, Revathy and Rohini are friends. 2. If you Say $0,T will believe it. 3. Shekar is intelligent but careless. 4. The bus was overcrowded so Arun avoided travelling in it. 5. Though Vinay is ill, he doesn't skip the class. >. Fill In the blanks In the following sentences with sultable conjunctions from the box: Hee Glico Clee scr Pee Le esc LC: Li Dre. Samu ri 4 1. Iretumed home af ¢o~-the bus had started. 2. Trespect him 4 /4ho|Re is very strict. 3. Sudharshan will succeed Ae caxiche works hard. 4, Aravinth _omnef! Arun are classmates from their childhood. 5. You can’t have your fruits ¢¢o #// you take your food. 2. Choose the correct conjunctions from the options given In the brackets. 1. Everyone likes him Ae caxse he is very helpful. (because/for) 2.Ac ~ it was cloudy, we decided to take an umbrella, (so/as) 3. Rathi found her watch GaSecsshe had left it. (wherever/where) 4. 1 don’t know AAs ¢HecI can afford to buy a new dress or not. (whether/why) 5, Peet) ne was ill, he went to the doctor. (as/though) . 105Sentence Pattern f | — Child laughs. | Betou I play hockey. He is smart. = 1 painted the car blue. 7 5. SVIODO- My father presented me 2 watch, \ 6. SVDOIO She gave money to the Poor, v Subject (S)- To cet “Subject’ ask the question ‘Who’ ho?’ before the ve verb. Teng nouns or pronouns and occurs before a verb. Example: <) danced well. Who danced well? (Here “Nancy” answers for the who?) The chi broke the glass. (Here “The child” answers the question who?) Verb (V) - A verb shows an action or activity or work done by the subject. It alsy ‘the status. To get 'verb' ask what does the subject do? Example: Jems wrote @ letter. What did Jems do? (Here, ‘wrote’ answers the question) He is a doctor. The baby is crying. ] Object (0)- To get the object, ask the question ‘What?’ or ‘Whom?’. ‘What! is forth and ‘Whom’ is for persons, Persons may be nouns or pronouns. Example: He bought 8 pen. He handles the computer: Direct Object (D0) - Direct object answers the question ‘what! Tike sp) Indirect Object (10) ~ Answers the question whom’? I gave ee.) a pen. Tsaw him. Complement (C) - Th complete the ng of a sentenc® called Complement.’ Example: He Is 5 on\io\+ She named the boy John. It grew dark Object complement answers for the questions "HOW" asked on the object. le O| . 106yample? He painted the p car blue. How did he painted the car? yete the word blue answers for the question "How" asked on the object car. ample? ‘We call Kamarajar Karmaveerar, They selected her leader. pajunet {A)- To get ‘Adjunct’ ask the question where how, when or why. pxample: My father isa farmer in thirwvarur Micra Gls} How? (Manner) ian |. \ulanze Go here, there by bus/ cycle now, later due to cold every where through efforts after 2 years through floods in the sky by mixing when young under compulsion at home by hard work in the morning carefully a, Choose the right pattern, 1. The wall collapsed. 0 B. SVO C. SVIODO 2. During the war, many people lost their homes, A.SVO—_B, SVIODO cones 3. I promised the children a trip to the zoo. A.SVO 8. SVDOIO.-—- &-SVIODO 4, In 1998, Frank moved to London. UKCASVA—_B. ASVO C. SVIODO 5. Pooja hired a bicycle. ASV VO. C. SVA b. Write two sentences for each: pattern, Vee ho fe rane ' svO i svc i SVA ; svoc exam tseth \ SvI0DO Fray ome MR hor : ASV Yestexday J Came 5 |__svaa (pwont do p tety by Bis [ane wert 107je Poe! Romantic ts decided A Thing of Beant Vrs John Keats (1795 — 1821) was British | Poet. Although trained to be a surgeon, Kea ; | to devote himself wholly to poetry. Keats’ secret, Nis Power to sway and delight the readers, lies primarily in his gift for perceiving the world and living his moods and aspirations in terms of languag iThing | of Beauty’ is an excerpt from his poem ‘Endymion: A Poetic Romance’, The poem is based on a Greek legend, inwhich Endymion, abeautifulyoungshepherd : and poet who lived on Mount Latmos, had a vision of Cynthia, the Moon Goddess. The enchanted youth resolvedtoseekheroutandsowanderedawaythroughtheforestanddownunder these, Ed bower (n) - shelter under the shade of trees wreathing (v) - cover, surround, encircle something ; pall (n) - covering rills (n) > clear stream sprinkling (v) = __ falling in fine drops A. Read the poem aloud twice, B. Choose the correct answers 1. According to the poet, a thing of beauty is a. a joy forever’ b. a pain forever c. a suffering forever d. neglected 2. Beautiful things never “pass in to nothingness” Means that they i oneacstlnianee b. create unpleasantness between friends pEmeEEe 4. always bring unhappiness »will keep a bower quiet for us” means a, will give us peace and calm wil stop unpleasant ond c, make our beds fitto sleep d, ay Noise